语言与应用语言学 作业01

第1页（共3页）Assignment 01 for “Language and Linguistics”
（Units 1-3）
Answer Sheet
语言与语言学作业01（第1-3单元）答题纸
学籍号：姓名：分数：
学习中心：专业： ___________
The total marks for this assignment are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this assignment is 1 hour (60 minutes).
PLEASE WRITE ALL YOUR ANSWERS ON THE ANSWER SHEET
1. Analysis and Application [60
points]
Step 1:Hit upon an idea (If we want to tell somebody something or write something to somebody, first we have to have an idea. It is mainly a kind of mental process. We form a plan in our mind so that we can write it down or speak it out or make others understand with our body gestures.
Step 2: Speak out the idea or write it down or make gestures for other understand (In the first step we have an idea, second if we want to make others know and understand our ideas, we have to make the idea displayed. So in this step we have to speak it out or write it down, or make gestures to make others see with a description symbol, which called words.
Step 3: Make idea sent out (Only the sound or words or gestures with our idea be sent out, the idea destination can be reached. Sound humans make travels via air to the ears
第2页（共3页）
of the final persons. Now we even have telephone, speech engineers etc. so we don’t have to worry about this.For writing words, we have fax and email which helps us send our ideas.
Step 4: Get the idea. (If the first three steps are complete, the fourth can be reached. Our speech or idea destination can get the idea right. They can read the words from an email or hear the words on phone, or they can see the gestures and get the meaning of it by the gesture symbol.
Short Answer Questions [40 points] 2.
1) Air production, also called initiation; First we have air ingressive and egressive;
2)Phonation, we have organ to vibrate. Phonation means that we make Our Adam’s Apple vibrate in order to produce audible sounds.
3)Articulator, active and passive articulator to make the sound;
4) Common features, when English is uttered, with this the sounds can be English sounds.There are also other features belong to the speakers.
3．
There are two categories: (1)phonological writings; and (2) non-phonological writings Phonological writings refer to those writing systems that have a close connection with the way languages are pronounced. English has a phonological writing, although it is a very poor one in the sense that in many cases the spelling of a word does not match the sound of the word. Non-phonological writings refer to those writings that have little connection with the way languages are pronounced. Chinese is a good example of such a writing system. As we all know Chinese characters do not show you how they are
第3页（共3页）pronounced. We need an extra sound system such as Han Yu Pin Yin Fang An to tell us how to pronounce the characters.
4．
First we have a material world. This is a physical and tangible world. We can see and feel it. For example, we have Tian’anmen square in Beijing. We can see it and it does exist there.
Second we have a subjective world. It consists of feelings, altitudes, beliefs and values etc. It is inside us and cannot be seen by others unless we express them with words.
Third we have a symbolic world. The words in our book are symbols which they represent a meaning. Many tales, stories are also symbolic. So we also live in a symbolic world. In this world material things does not exist.
5．
The language is mine because it is said by me. It has the characteristics of me. It is the sound of me, it the tone of me and it is spoken by me. The language is not mine because the language is not anything if it leaves the human speaking environment. Language is possessed by the whole human community. It is used by everyone, but it goes beyond the total sum of all the uses put together.。