托福入学测试

合集下载

小托福测试题

小托福测试题一、听力部分（共40分）第一节：图片理解题听一遍图片描述，请根据描述选择正确的答案。

1. Who is the woman in the picture talking to?A. Her teacher.B. Her friend.C. Her sister.D. Her mother.2. What is the man in the picture doing?A. Playing basketball.B. Reading a book.C. Cooking in the kitchen.D. Fixing a broken car.第二节：对话理解题听一遍对话，请根据对话内容回答问题。

3. What does the man want to do this weekend?A. Go shopping.B. Have a picnic.C. Visit a museum.D. Go to the beach.4. Where does the woman most likely work?A. A hotel.B. A restaurant.C. A hospital.D. A library.第三节：短文理解题听两遍短文，请根据短文内容选择正确的答案。

5. What is the main purpose of this notice?A. To inform students about class cancellation.B. To announce the schedule for the upcoming exams.C. To remind students of the school rules.D. To promote a new club on campus.6. What does the speaker suggest the students do?A. Attend the lecture next week.B. Complete the online quiz immediately.C. Submit their assignments before the deadline.D. Sign up for the after-school study group.二、阅读部分（共40分）第一节：阅读选择题阅读下列短文，然后根据短文内容选择正确的答案。

新世纪海外英语主编陈清贵外语教学与研究出版社西南科技大学托福课程海外测试答案汇总6

新世纪海外英语主编陈清贵外语教学与研究出版社西南科技大学托福课程海外测试答案汇总6Unit 2 Forever Young1．Yes2．No3．No4．No5．Yes6．Not Given.7．ACE8．innovative9．available,10．order11．Hayflick limit12．unwanted13．res ult1. Paraphrase the following chunks from the text.1) have adverse effectshave bad effects2) have an upper limithave an maximum limit3) brings cell division to a haltstop the process of cell division4) untoward consequencesthe consequences which are not wanted or not expected5) slow the process of ageingmake the process of becoming old slower6) the grain of naturethe normal law of nature7) have malign effectshave harmful effects8) a logical extensionThe natural consequence of the previous process9) the desired effectthe effect which people are trying toachieve10) a thing of the pasta thing happened in the past whichdoesn’t happen anymore2. Rewrite the following sentences in short sentences.1）This week’s Nature reported a piece of work. This work was written by DarrenBaker of the Mayo Clinic, in Minnesota.It describes an e xtraordinary result. Thisresult points to a way that the processmight be ameliorated.2）Whenever the gene for P16INK4A was active, his second gene was activatedand could produce a protein. Thisprotein itself was harmless. Thepresence of a particular drug, however,could make the protein become deadly.3）Dr Baker’s results support the previouslyuntested hypothesis. The hypothesis goes like this: when cells reach the Hayflick limit, they stop working well;besides, they have harmful effects on the healthy cell in the neighbourhood. 4）Regard less of the biochemical details A new way of thinking about how to slow the process of ageing is the most fascinating thing Dr Baker’s result provides. It follows the grain of nature rather than against it.5）There are two existing ways of inquiry into prolonging lifespan. One is to remove the Hayflick limit, and this would cause all sorts of unwanted consequences. The other is to suppress production of the oxidative chemical.These chemicals are believed to cause much of the cellular damage. The cellular damage is bracketed together and labelled as senescence.Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.1.One might expect female mortality to fallas countries get richer.2.Yet it remains stubbornly high.Please choose some of the words in the tables to fill in the blanks.1. increase/ rise2. rapid3. grew/ increased4. comprised5. steadily/ slowly6. sharp/ rapid/ dramatic7. doubled8. tripled9. aggregated/ augmented/ increased/rose10. revealed/ showed/ indicated/ demonstratedPlease rewrite the following sentences to make them concise, clear and academic. Some hints are provided in the brackets after each sentence.1.According to the table, 50% of young people 18 to 29 years old love online purchase while another half of this age group prefer to go shopping in real stores.2. With the population of circa 170 millions more than that of Congo, and its irrigated land area 165 times that of Congo, Brazil’s average water consumption per person is merely about 44 times that of the latter.3. The curves and the table obviously indicate that the global water use has aggregated greatly and that less water is supposed to be available for human beings inthe long run.4. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.5. This table fully shows that the number of people who prefer to travel outside in the summer is increasing, tripling in 2000.Please fill in the blanks with sentences or clauses, and then delete the unnecessary comments in this passage.1. why students at varying ages choose to study and how employers support their employees of different age groups.2. there is a gradual drop in study forjob-seeking purposes with growing age.3. the first graph also illustrates that studyout of interest grows with age.4. The accompanying column indicatesThe last sentence of this passage should bedeleted because it is an unnecessary and subjective comment.Open answer.Unit 3 Why do some people never getdepressed?1．○G2．○A3．○D4．○H5．○C6．○neuroscientific profile.7．○Boosting resilience.8．○high life stress9．○without depression10．○stress hormone levels11．○brain scan12．○correlations13．○psychological measurements1. Paraphrase the following chunks from thetext.1) on a sliding scaleFluctuating accordingly2) a quite appalling handfear3) pay dividendsthe division of after tax profits amongshareholders but here it means havingbenefits in sth.4) draw on previous workmake use of the work which has beendone before5) are emotionally chargedto catch emotions6) encouraging hintsactive clues7) an open questiona question without conclusions8) might offer pointers towards newtreatmentsmight provide directions to newtreatments9) well worth pursuinghave value for seeking sth.10) struggling financiallybe in economic difficulties2. Rewrite the following short sentences in each group with a long sentence.1）This, says Bill Deakin, has pointed them to several relevant features of brainfunction which include cognitiveflexibility –our capacity to adapt ourthinking to different situations –andalso the extent to which our brainsconcentrate on processing andremembering happy, as opposed to sad,information.2) A scanning technique much used bybrain researchers called functionalmagnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) allows them to see which parts of the brain are active while subjects are performing specific tasks.3) Bill Deakin talks of using brain scanningto create what he calls a “neuroscientific profile”of an individual’s problem which might be used to identify relevant aims and goals in deciding on the best treatment.4）Responding to the suggestion that a drug, a daily “resilience pill”, tailored to our brain activity or chemistry might be a useful development, Rebecca Elliott is cautious.5）While out of work, struggling financially, and single-handedly responsible for three children, Pauline had several bouts of depression during which she felt completely isolated.Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.1.Depression will be the biggest healthburden on society both economically and sociologically.2.Depression, especially in developingcountries, is much more common than some other diseases.Please choose some of the words and expressions in the tables to fill in the blanks.1. To begin with/ To start with/ First/ Firstly/For one thing/ In the first place2. such as3. What’s more/ Besides/ In addition/Second/ Secondly/ For another/ In the second place4. Last but not the least / In the third place5. a case in pointPlease rewrite the following sentences into nominal ones.1. Nowadays, the security of the network has become the worldwide concern.2. More purchases of private cars have led to the increase of air pollution.3. Consumers’more purchases result in more production of the manufactures, which is the stimulation of the whole market.4. Owing to the convenience and cheapness of online shipping, a growing number of people, young and old, prefer to it.5. Due to parents’love and willingness to do anything to render their children beautiful life, they spoiled them instead of nurturing them in a right way.Please finish the following table with sentences or expressions based on the topic above.Open answer..Unit 3 Why Do We Always Sell the NextGeneration Short?1．v2．iv3．vi4．ii5．E6．C7．D8．A9．B10．E11．B12．B13．A14．B1. Paraphrase the following chunks from the text.1) sell the next generation shortunder-estimate the value of the nextgeneration2) won’t amount to muchwill not have much achievements3) generational clashesconflicts between generations4) lose faith in the ability of their youngpeople to do the samedo not believe that the young people areable to the same things5) cultural pessimismthe tendency to see the bad side ofculture6) pass through their “adventure window”no longer want to try new things7) good old daysif you talk about good old days, youmean a time in the past when youbelieve life was better8) take detours around the roadblockstake a roundabout way in the placeswhere there are barriers9) immerse ourselves in itget ourselves involved into it10) almost never warrantedalmost unjustified2. Express the meanings of the following sentences with short sentences.1) There are two possibilities for eachgeneration’s adults. First, they don’tbelieve the young people can do thesame things. Second, they believe thenew generation are facing dangers.They also faced dangers when they werechildren. But the children’s dangers arelarger.2) In his cartoon, there were an oldergentleman, a middle-aged man, and a young boy. The older gentleman was looking doubtfully at the middle-aged man. But the middle-aged man was fixing his eyes confusedly on the young boy. The cartoon had a line of words in it. The words were: “Every Generation Has Its Doubts about the Younger Generation.”3) They argue: “there are traditional valuesand common sense. In the past, they have served the older people well. They will be also very important for the young generation nowadays, too.”The older people need to understand it.4) This attitude can give rise to danger.Sometimes too much fear and technological panics would spread throughout the society. Especially when there are regulation and censorship, too much fear and technological panicscould lead to many results. But nobodylikes the results.5) Sit down. Learn the games, music andvideos from our kids. Talk to them aboutit. These might be the best way for us tounderstand them. After that, we canguide them.Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.1. I strongly encourage all my job seeking clients to draft a powerful cover letter.2. You can speak directly to an individual reader.Please choose some of the words in the tables to fill in the blanks.1. dedicate/ commit/ devote2. participate / engage / join3. conduct/ do/ undertake4. involved/ engaged5. broaden; expand; widen6. seek7. get/ obtain8. improve9. achieve10. pursuePlease rewrite the following sentences by changing the clauses into past or present particles.1. Possessing more freedom to love and hate, more people are inclined to divorce.2. Believing that technology can not do harm to human beings, some people retort his argument.3. Being short of human force, the developed countries have to pursue manpower in the underdeveloped ones andset up their market.4. The globalization developed, and traditional Chinese culture blending with others, a new mixed culture has been made.5. Overexploited, the nature is doomed to be thoroughly destroyed.Nowadays parents spend too little time on their children. What are the reasons and how this problem can be solved? Please finish the following table with sentences or expressions based on this topic.Open answer.Unit 4 Why Has Britain Donea U-turn onPlutonium?1. In Energy minister Charles Hendry’sopinion, converting the plutonium toMOX remains impossible.2. financially3. It is environmentally harmful at present tobury plutonium underground.4. diffusion5. To illustrate that plutonium, though, onceconsidered a huge pile of waste, can beconverted into MOX, something useful inthe future.6. the NDA and the ten Japanese utilitycompanies’7. The closing of Sellafield MOX Plant ispartially due to Fukushima nucleardisaster.8. To build a fast reactor at Sellafield wouldbe impossible.9. Because the cost of producing MOX byconverting plutonium into fuel is highcompared with that of uranium.10. A suggestion about requiring the MOXplant to be in production11. It is uncertain whether the UK nuclearindustry has learnt lessons from theSellafield event and whether a newMOX plant can disappear the plutoniumdefinitely and finally.12. [■]Ostensibly, because, in the wake ofthe Fukushima nuclear disaster, theSellafield MOX Plant no longer has anycustomers. But in truth it never reallyworked. It was built to convert the UKplutonium stockpile into MOX, but,having been plagued by technicalfailures and delays; it has managed toproduce only around 2.5% of itsintended quota since it started operatingten years ago. [■] With such a lowthroughput, it would have been unable toconvert the UK stockpile fast enough toprovide MOX for new reactors. [■] Andso in 2010 the NDA did a deal with tenJapanese utility companies to processtheir smaller amounts of plutonium andsupply them with MOX, a deal thatultimately sank beneath a tsunami.13-14. 3 5○61. Paraphrase the following chunks from the text.1) convert the plutonium into MOXchange the plutonium into MOX2) get rid of the plutoniumdisappear the plutonium3) responding to the government’s ownrequest to consider how to deal with thestockpileanswering to the government's requirement to find a solution to getting rid of the stockpile4) The cost of making MOX is greater thanits value as a fuel.Compared with its value as a fuel, the cost of producing MOX is higher.5) a “zero value asset”a waste material6) a constant reminderSomething that can continually help to recall.7) fall into the wrong handsbe controlled by the devil8) in the wake of the Fukushima nucleardisasterafter the Fukushima nuclear disaster 9) a proven technologya tested and true technology10) get the backing ofget the support of2. Rewrite the following short sentences ineach group with a long sentence.1）Energy minister Charles Hendry announced last week that converting theplutonium to MOX was still the plan, buta new £3-billion (US$4.7-billion) plantwould only be built if it could be shownthat it was both affordable and offeredvalue for money.2）Just a few weeks ago the NDA,responding to the government’s ownrequest to consider how to deal with thestockpile, advised that the cost ofmaking MOX is greater than its value asa fuel.3）So converting it into MOX would transform a huge pile of waste —whichthe NDA euphemistically calls a “zerovalue asset”—into somethingpotentially useful, while making theplutonium far harder to weaponize wereit to fall into the wrong hands.4) So, currently, the only other options areto do nothing —keeping the plutoniumin storage until geological disposalbecomes possible sometime after 2075—or to process it so that it can supply afast reactor, such as the kind that, withalmost comic timing, GE Hitachi offeredto build at Sellafield last week.5) And that is the message Hendry isputting out, that although thegovernment is not quite ready to doanything with the plutonium yet, when itis ready it will be taking the MOX route.Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.1. But success can emerge from individualefforts, both from researchers in Africaand from those on other continents.2. Scientists in wealthy nations can alsomake an impact with smallercontributions.3. None of this outside aid can truly helpwithout sustained support for sciencefrom nations within sub-Sa haranAfrica.Exercise: Write an outline of the following listening source and reading source respectively. You could employ symbols and abbreviations or words and phrases. Each of the two outlines should not have more than 10 words. Your outlines could take the form of maps or charts.Reference answer:The listening source:extra spare time －costly (main idea)－new worker (reason 1)－workload (reason 2)－damage life quality (reason 3) The reading source:extra spare time －benefit (main idea)－fewer errors (reason 1)－more jobs (reason 2)－life quality improvement (reason 3)Exercise: Please combine each pair of the following sentences into one sentence.1.Having ever seen a vast ocean, one may not content himself with a pond of water.(present participle phrase ) / He who has seen a vast ocean may not content himself with a pond of water( adjective clause).2. SHA Yunlong, a humorous man, is an ET./ SHA Yunlong, an ET, is a humorousman( With the combination the sentence structure changed from M: main sentence into M-S-M :Main sentence-Subordinate sentence-Main sentence , which gives the variety of sentences).3. A craftsman, if he means to do the work well, must first sharpen the tools./If a craftsman means to do the work well, he must first sharpen the tools.(M-S-M) (S-M)4. Standing by the riverside, The Master sighed, “My time goes by like this, day and night, never ceasing.”(present participle phrase)5. People who live in Beijing are alike in age, race, and politics.( adjective clause)Exercises: Write one topic sentence for each of the following topics:Sample Answers:1.Caracas, my home town is called the cityof eternal spring.2.I would like to travel to Paris because thiscity has many things that I want to know.3.Southwest University of Science andTechnology has many resources forstudents who wants to have a greateducationSample Answer:The lecture completely refutes the passage. It is said in the lecture that, the perceived acts of altruism are nothing more than sneaky methods of gaining advantage for oneself.Contrary to the belief in the passage that sentinels risk their lives for the cause of the whole group, the professor says that the meerkats sentinels are in fact less prone to outside threats. The alarm sentinels give off causes other meerkats to move rashly which draws the predators attention towards them, thus drawing away the attention from the sentinels.The lecture refutes the fact that these meerkats are altruistic in the sense that they gain nothing in exchange of their services. In fact, researches have shown that they have a full stomach as they perform this “altruistic”duty and have a better chance of escaping from danger because they witness it firstProfessor also offers a different underlying motivation that causes people to believe that acts such as donating an organ or sharing food with someone in need are altruistic. She says that people gain appreciation as a result of such acts, which may be deemed by some much more important than materialistic gains.Unit 5 'Language Gene' Speeds Learning1. Without mutation humans might beunable to speak.2. be involved in3. FOXP24. go on in different directions5. indicate that the existence of modernhumans rather than Neanderthals is dueto the mutation of the gene.6. the first amino-acid mutation functions.7. Gene mutations help the facialmovements to make speeches.8. But she does not understand whether thechanges in basic learning circuitry areclosely related to FOXP2’s ability toeasily convert thoughts into spokelanguage.9. How humans with FOXP2 translate theirthoughts into spoken language.10. At the neuroscience meeting, Schreiweisreported that mice with the human formof FOXP2 learn more quickly thanordinary mice. She challenged mice tosolve a maze that involved turning eitherleft or right to find a water reward. Avisual clue, such as a star, along withthe texture of the maze's surface,showed the correct direction to turn.After eight days of practice, mice withthe human form of FOXP2 learnt tofollow the clues to the water 70% of thetime. Normal mice took an additionalfour days to reach this level. Schreiweissays that the human form of the geneallowed mice to more quickly integratethe visual and tactile clues when learningto solve the maze.11. being able to be felt by the sense oftouch12. The genetically engineered mice arebetter at making use of the visual andtactile clues.13. Modern Humans: 1,3,5The Other Animals: 2,71. Paraphrase the following chunks from the text.1) normal counterpartsthe average of the same kind2) speech and language problemstroubles in making a speech and using alanguage3) an inherited mutationa genetical change received from theformer generations4) the protein encoded by the genethe protein the code of which isconverted by the gene5) the evolution of languagethe developing process of language6) combine sounds into words andsentencesput sounds together to make words andsentences7) perfect the facial movementsmake the face move more and better8) basic learning circuitrythe necessary journey for learning9) translate thoughts into spoken languageconvert thoughts into oral language10) form the soundsmake the sounds into being2. Rewrite the following long sentences ineach group with shorter sentences.1) A mutation occurred more than half amillion years ago. Humans can makecomplex muscle movements. Themovements are very important for humans to speak and use language.This should be attributed to the mutation.2) A team led by Schreiweis’colleagueSvante Pääbo made a discovery. It is that modern humans and Neanderthals have the same gene. The following conclusion can be drawn. That is, the two kinds of humans developed in different directions about 500,000 years ago, but the mutation had already existed much earlier.3) There is another difference. In the brainthere is a region called the basal ganglia.Cells in this region were easy to become numb if they got much electrical stimulation. This feature is called “long-term depression”. It can be found in learning and memory.4) According to Schreiweis, mice combinethe two senses of sight and touch wellwhen learning to solve the maze. It wasthe role of the human form of the gene.5) There are changes in basic learningcircuitry. FOXP2 helps humans toconvert their thoughts into spokenlanguage in a natural and easy way. Butshe does not understand whether thechanges and the way FOXP2 does soare related.Please complete the following paragraphs with theme sentences.1. One of the reasons to learn genetics isto find out its relationship with certaindiseases.2. Additionally, when they learn genetics,they will get to know about the recenttechnology being used or research thatis being conduct.3. Fortunately, there are different ways formany people to learn genetics.Exercise:Write one complete paragraph about each of the topics in the Exercise in the Organization , Unit Four. You should use a good topic sentence and adequately detailed supporting sentences. You do not have to include a concluding sentence if you do not wish to do so.Sample Answer:I WOULD LIKE TO TRAVEL TO PARISI would like to travel to Paris because this city has many things that I want to know. First, I want to see the Eiffel Tower. I have seen many television programs and photographs of this tower; also I have red that this tower is the twenty-century symbol in Paris. Second, I would like to visit the LouvreMuseum. In this museum there are the greatest collection of painting in the world. I would like to see "The Mona Lisa", painted by Leonardo da Vinci, and other paintings done by Picasso, Manet, Monet etc. Third, I would like to visit The Triumph Arch and The Champs Elise Avenue, which is located in the center of the city. The most prestigious stores are located at this avenue. Finally, I would like to go to Paris because in this city the are many good restaurants, and I love to eat very well.Exercise: Change the following paragraph into a more formal one.Reference Answer:As people get more and more busy with their life style and career, they tend to go out and eat food from restaurants or other food stall. Cooking at home and eating with the rest of the family at the end of the day hasbeen a tradition in the old generation. A tradition that more and more people are forgetting these days. They are so busy with their own lives that they are no longer interested with the lives or our their and dear ones. (The first person and second person in the original paragraph have been alternated by the third person., so the paragraph becomes more formal.)Exercises: Decide which transitions to use from the list to complete the paragraph.1.For example2. However3. One reason is that4. Also5. However6. The best choice7. First8.SecondTopic 1: suggested outline:I want my hometown to have better environment.(1.)Good environment does goodto health, for a lot of peoplehave diseases because ofthe environmental pollution.(2.)Better environment will attract moretourists.(3.)Better environment willpromote the economicdevelopment. Besides, it willattract more investors. Topic 2 suggested outline:I agree that games are as importantfor adults as they are for children.(1.)Games help to build team spirit,which is more important to adults.(2.)Playing games may helpadults relax and feel thatthey can enjoy somethingelse away from work.(3.)Playing games help adultsfeel the success and failurein their lives, so they can have better mood to work.Unit 6 From Shore to Forest, ProjectingEffects of Climate Change1． polluted.2． The earth warming will lead to a change of state structure.3． The report involves more fields to deal with the impact of climate change. 4． changes.5． explain the effect of temperature rise on natural system.6． submerged.7． The number of people at the risk of sea-level rise in the Long Beach area. 8． The climate change would also lead to flood inland.9． the possible advantages of New York State compared with other places of thecountry.10． The authors will cooperate with the state agencies to deal with climate change. 11． People move to a safer inland. 12． ■If carbon emissions continue to increase at their current pace, forexample, temperatures are expected torise across the state by 3 degreesFahrenheit by the 2020s and by as muchas 9 degrees by the 2080s. That wouldhave profound effects on agricultureacross the state, the report found. Forexample, none of the varieties of applescurrently grown in New York orchardswould be viable. Dairy farms would beless productive as cows faced heatstress. ■The temperature rise wouldalso have great impact on the state’snatural system. ■For example, thestate’s forests would be transformed;spruce-fir forests and alpine tundrawould disappear as invasive species likekudzu, an aggressive weed, gainedmore ground.13． 1 3 51. Paraphrase the following chunks from thetext.1) the long-term outlookthe mental picture of the future over arelatively long time2) making its way farther up the HudsonRiverthe pollution will be extended upwardalong the Hudson River3) are expected to die outbe likely to become extinct4) a warming Earththe temperature of the earth iscontinuously rising5) critical structuresthe most important infrastructures。

新托福考试内容及题型

新托福考试内容及题型新托福考试包括听说读写四个部分，大约持续四个小时。

四个部分的考试将在一天内完成。

考试的顺序是：阅读、听力、口语、写作，听力之后有10分钟的休息时间。

阅读部分：新托福阅读文章的篇幅比笔考托福（PBT）的篇幅略长，难度也有所增加。

新托福考试阅读部分为60-100分钟，包括3-5篇文章，每篇650-750字，对应12-14道题。

题目类型包括：1. 图表题Fill in a Table2. 篇章总结题Prose Summary3. 词汇题V ocabulary4. 指代关系题Reference5. 简化句子题Sentence Simplification6. 插入文本题Insert Text7. 事实信息题Factual Information8. 推断题Inference9. 修辞目的题Rhetorical Purpose10.否定排除题Negative Factual Information除了最后一道试题之外，其他试题都是针对文章的某一部分提问，试题的出现顺序与文章的段落顺序一致。

最后一题针对整篇文章提问，要求考生从多个选择项中挑选若干项对全文惊醒总结或归纳。

在完成答题的过程中，考生可以使用“复查”功能瞬间找出没有回答的题目，而不必每道题都检查一遍。

听力部分：新托福听力部分取消了以往托福考试的短对话形式，由两端较长的校园情景对话（Conversation）和四段课堂演讲（Lecture）组成。

每段对话涉及2个或2个以上的说话者，分别对应5道试题。

每段演讲对应6道试题。

听力部分的时间为60-90分钟，每段对话是2-3分钟，每段演讲是4-6分钟。

考生在听录音资料之前无法得知试题。

在播放录音资料时，电脑屏幕上会显示相应的背景图片。

考生可以在听录音过程中记笔记。

考生不能复查、修改已提交的答案。

题目类型包括：1.Gist-Content（内容主旨题，理解讲座或对话的主旨大意）2.Gist-Purpose（目的主旨题，考察对话目的）3.Detail （细节题，听懂并记住讲座或对话中明晰的细节或事实）4.Understanding the Function of What Is Said（句子功能题，测试是否理解某一句话的功能）5.Understanding the Speaker's Attitude（说话人态度题，考查是否能听出说话人的态度或观点）6.Understanding Organization（组织结构题，识别整个听力材料的结构和听力材料中两个部分之间的关系）7.Connecting Content（连接内容题，考查对材料中各观点之间的关系的理解能力，有时需要根据所听内容来推测）8.Making Inferences（推论题，根据已听到的内容得出结论）口语部分：新托福考试的口语部分共有6道题目，总时间约为20分钟。

托福,GRE,考研之间都有什么区别？

托福，雅思，GRE和GMAT都是出国留学的考试，它们最大的区别是，GRE和GMAT都是由美国教育考试服务处(Educational Testing Service，简称ETS)主办的美国研究生入学考试。GRE（全称Graduate Record Examinations）是美加大学各类研究生院(除管理类学院，法学院)要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩。GMAT（全称Graduate Management Admission Test）是国外工商管理硕士MBA入学考试。而托福和雅思则为申请进入国外大学学习的英语入学考试。托福的英文为TOEFL，是英文Test of English as a Foreign Language的缩写。它是由美国教育考试服务处（Educational Testing Service，简称ETS）举办的为申请去美国或加拿大等国家上大学或进入研究生院学习的非英语国家学生提供的一种英语水平考试。1981年下半年，国家教育委员会批准建立中国国外考试协调处，负责管理和承办TOEFL等国外考试业务。雅思的英文为IELTS ，是英文International English Language Testing System的简写，它由英国剑桥大学考试委员会(The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate-UCLES)、澳大利亚高校国际开发署(IDP Education Australia)及英国文化委员会(The British Council)共同举办的面向母语为非英语人士的英语水平考试。它于1990年4月在我国开始推广。雅思考试分为两种，即General Training Module （通常我们所谓的移民类）和 Academic Module （通常我们所谓的学术类或留学类）。托福和雅思两种考试各有什么特点呢？托福考试是美式英语的考试，雅思考试是英式英语的考试。托福考试是美国人出题，所以它以美式英语为基准，因此在托福听力中完全是标准的美音，美式的习语、俚语也时有出现，更有大量的关于美国的历史、文化、政治、地理等方面的内容。而雅思考试由于考试当局是以英、澳两国为主，因此在听力中发音力图做到国际化，也就是说各国口音都会有所表现，但以英、澳发音为主，其中的阅读经常涉及的文化地理知识以这两国居多。现在社会英语学习的潮流以美式英语为主，而说一口标准的美音，则更是被大多数人所羡慕，从这一点来说，托福考试无疑具有一定的优势。托福和雅思两种考试具体考核内容：雅思考试共分听力、阅读、写作和口语四个部分，考试时间为2小时45分钟，而移民类与留学类只是在阅读和写作两个单项上有区别，在口试与听力上则采取同样的题目。雅思考试听力、阅读、写作、口语的四部分中，每部分的满分都是9分，最低分是0分，其中，听力和阅读部分按照答对题目的数量评分，允许有0.5分，而写作和口语则只有整数分。老的托福考试的满分为677分，它是听力、语法和阅读三部分的分数总和，托福作文单独记分，满分为6分。但是，新托福考试已经于2005年的9月起在美国，10月起在加拿大、法国、德国及意大利，2006年起在其它国家即将开始实行。新托福考试包括听说读写四个部分（每部分30分，总分120分），听力部分由两篇较长的校园情景对话和四篇课堂演讲组成，阅读由三篇阅读文章组成，每篇包含11-13道阅读理解题目，口语包括要学生就某一话题阐述自己观点，另外，要求学生先读后听，然后根据题目要求口头回答，作文部分要求学生一小时内完成两篇文章（包括一篇先听、读，然后再写）。考了托福和雅思两种考试可以去哪些国家？ IELTS适用于英联邦的任何国家，而TOEFL则适用于除澳大利亚的任何国家，但也有很多国外的高校托福和雅思同时认可。但是，TOEFL作为老牌的风靡全球的留学生英语入学考试，特别是改革后，它对考生综合语言能力的测试，使它还是具有无与伦比的优势参考资料：/post.867450.去欧洲留学的外国学生需要通过的考试托福是美国的,一般是针对去美国加拿大澳大利亚等国留学的外国学生需要通过的考试(去澳大利亚雅思成绩一样认可,加拿大部分学校认可雅思) GRE简介如下: 打算前往美国或加拿大等地的各大学院校研究生院继续深造或申请读研究生的考生除要求提供TOFFL测验成绩外，大部分院校均要求考生提供研究生入学考试GRE（Graduate Record Examination）成绩。GRE考试每年在全世界许多地方举行，由美国教育考试服务处（Educational Testing Service, 简称ETS）主办。中国国外考试协调处负责在我国管理和承办GRE等国外考试。 GRE考试分为一般能力/倾向性测验（General test or Aptitude Test）和专业/高级测验（Sub Test or Advanced Test）。一般能力测验是测验考生的基本英语能力以及对英文方面知识所涉及的广度和深度；其中数学部分（Quantitative）是测验考生基本数学的潜在能力和对数理方面间题的理解与判断；分析逻辑（Analytical and Logical Diagram）是测验考生对问题的分析或逻辑推理等方面的能力。而专业测试的目的主要在于测试考生在某一学科领域或专业领域内所获得的知识和技能以及能力水平的高低。 GRE一般考试的测试内容大致可分为三部分： Verbal部分：反义词(Antonym）、类比(Analogy）、填空（Sentence Completion）及阅读测验。此部分内容很广泛，包括天文、地理、人文、科学、艺术、政治及历史等项目。 Quantitative部分：皆为数理上的基本问题，包括几何、代数、统计图表、智力测验等方面。主要目的在于了解考生的思考与理解、推理反应能力。题目难易、深浅程度，有时取决于考生对于题目叙述与说明的理解。 Analytical部分：一类是分析解释，此类间题一般需要依据题中所给的情形（Situation）及结果（Result）进行答题；另一类是逻辑推理（Logical Diagram），其中一部分根据其词义，推论其彼此关系，在所附五种关系图表中，找出其正确关系的图表。还有一部分是根据其短文的内容，推论出彼此的关系。从99年10月份开始,GRE在全球范围改为机考.GRE改为电脑考试后仍为三个部分,只是时间上有所变化.其题量和时间分配如下： Sections 问题数(个）时间(Minutes) Verbal 30 30 Quantitative 25 40 Analytical 35 60 实际考试的时候除了上述列出的三个SECTION外,电脑还会出一个SECTION, 可能是三种的任一种,此部分的题目不计分,纯为ETS调查之用, 但是因为ETS不会告诉你到底是哪一个SECTION不会计入总分,因此还是要老老实实的将所有考试题目完成. 有的考生还会遇到另一个SECTION,ETS会告诉你,此部分题目纯为调查之用,不计入分数,象这样的题目就可以随便你怎么发挥了。机考增加了数学和分析的考试时间，再加上这两个部分历来是中国考生的强项，因此这样的改革对中国考生来说绝对是好事.但计算机的引入对不熟悉计算机的同学也会带来很多, 比如在阅读中不能在文章上作记号,而且上下扫视要按滚动条等等. 但这些都可以通过平时的训练来克服. 机考的另一个特点是其智能性,即计算机会根据考生前面题目作对的情况来调整后面的题目的难度,题目根据难度的不同分值是不一样的,最多可能相差10倍之巨.而且每种题目的难度是分别升高的,类比的难度升高不会影响阅读的难度,阅读内的难度是根据你阅读中前几道题的作对情况来调整后几道题的难度. 一般来说，如果考生的考试情况良好，会有越做越难的感觉。反之如果越做越顺利的话多半成绩不太理想，但是这也和最初几道题目难度有关。如果开始的难题错得太少,计算机为了不让你的分数超过2400,会选择一些简单的题目让考生来做。 ETS会每3个月派一个官员来各考点,选出一段时间内频繁出现的那部分考题,将其DELETE掉.再增补进计算机内同等数目的新考题,因此,不存在考的人多了就会把题库全弄清楚的可能。一般能力考试的评分方法是：先将各部分正确答案的数目记录下来，得出原始分数（Raw score），即答对一题给一分并且相加，然后根据GRF一般能力考试的分数转换表将原始分数转换成比率分（Scaled Score），再将各部门的比率分相加得出总分。GRE一般能力考试三大部分的满分为2400分，每部分（语言能力部分、数学能力部分和分析能力部分）的满分各为800分。每部分的最低分为200分，即考生如果一题不答或全部答错都可得200分。美国绝大多数研究生院要求申请人一般能力考试的分数达到1100～1200分（1100～1200分是语言和数学部分相加的分数，绝大多数研究生院只需考生提供这两部分的分数，而无需提供分析部分的分数）。 GRE一般能力考试的成绩单除了列有部分试题的比率分和总分外，还有这些分数在全部考生中所排的百分位等级）。比如某考生GRE一般能力考试数学部分成绩百分位排列为85％，那就是说如果100人参加考试，其中84人的成绩比该考生差，15人的成绩比该考生好。除此之外，GRE成绩报告单还采用累积计分法，即除了将本次考试成绩通知考生外，如考生在最近5年内连续参加多次GRE考试，成绩报告单还将包括考生5年内考试的情况（考试日期、类别以及成绩）。因此，GRE考试最好一次OK！ GRE考试成绩有效期为5年，考生在考试以后5年内都可按ETS规定要求增送成绩单，让ETS给指定的院校寄送成绩

托福入学测试

宁波新航道学校入学测试Question sheetⅠ. Vocabulary1. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to _____ his new album soon.A. releaseB. renewC. relieveD. rehearse2. After working for the firm for ten years, he finally _____ the rank of deputy director.A. achievedB. approachedC. attainedD. acquired3. Winter is the _____ season at most hotels in this seaside town, because very few tourists come to stay.A. slowB. slackC. lowD. quiet4. Come on, Jack, tell me the story. Don‟t keep me in ______.A. suspenseB. suspendingC. suspensionD. suspender5. The football match was _____ because of the heavy rain.A. called overB. called upC. called outD. called off6. We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and _____.A. conduciveB. wholesomeC. helpfulD. appreciative7. It was strange that she would _____ such an absurd idea.A. allowB. stickC. takeD. entertain8. The scientists have made an _____ study of the viruses that cause the disease.A. exhaustedB. exhaustingC. exhaustiveD. exhaustion9. Do you own your apartment or are you a ______ ?A. tenantB. customerC. clientD. proprietor10. Representatives from the companies indicated that they should go on working together in _____.A. unityB. entityC. partnersD. partnership11. We all know that Mary has had a strict _____.A. growthB. upbringingC. developmentD. cultivation12. The drink was packaged in champagne bottles and was being _____ as the real stuff.A. passed outB. passed byC. passed overD. passed off13. Last Sunday she came to visit us out of the blue. The italicized phrase meansA. UnexpectedlyB. unhappilyC. untidilyD. unofficially14. The person he interviewed was _____ his former schoolmate.A. no other thanB. no more thanC. none other thanD. none the less15. The young employee has a(n)______ quality - he is totally honest.A. respectableB. admirableC. decentD. approachable16. She is __________ her neighbor, because he is a terrible man.A. full ofB. afraid ofC. lack ofD. instead of17. No one can __________ the computer, because it is out of order.A. openB. makeC. turn onD. carry on18. He _______ that he could get the first prize if he made effort, but he has underestimated hisrivals.A. thoughB. throughC. throngD. thought19. We are __________ the missing child who is about five years old.A. paying forB. making forC. taking forD. looking for20. The companies should attract the customers by ___________ the quality of their products.A. improvingB. increasingC. expandingD. expectingⅡ. Grammar21. He ordered that the books ____________ at once.A. would be printedB. would printC. be printedD. print22. Nobody _________ how to run this machine.A. knowB. have knownC. knowsD. is knowing23. He is explaining his plan _________ half of the staff will be moving out of the city.A. whichB. whoC. thatD. where24. Peter ________ well last night because of the noise.A. hadn‟t sleptB. didn‟t sleptC. hadn‟t sleepD. didn‟t sleep25. Before I _______ him, he _________ his apartment.A. called…had leftB. called…leftC. had called…leftD. had called…had left26. The Greens _________ China for five years.A. has been inB. have been inC. went toD. has gone to27. ___________ about the story, T om retold it in his own words.A. HeardB. HearingC. Having heardD. Having hearing28. The boss made me _______ all the tiring jobs and I quit my job.A. doB. doneC. doingD. to do29. Each of the students __________ a new bag by the charity group.A. is givenB. is givingC. are givenD. are giving30. I have no idea ___________.A. what are you doingB. what you are doingC. what he doD. what is he31. What a nice day! How about the three of us _____ a walk in the park nearby?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking32. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A. could have beenB. would‟beC. will beD. would have been33. She _____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.A. had beenB. must beC. has beenD. must have been34. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhicheverD. However35. A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.A. the price of three timesB. three times the priceC. as much as the three times priceD. three times more than the price36. I was very interested in _____ she told me.A. all thatB. all whichC. all whatD. that37. We consider ______ he should have left without telling anyone beforehand.A. strange whyB. it strange whatC. it strange thatD. that strange38. It is going to be fine tomorrow. _______.A. So is it.B. So it is.C. So it does.D. So does it.39. Little _____ about her own safety, though she herself was in great danger.A. she caredB. she may careC. may she careD. did she care40. The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left.A. whenB. asC. untilD. than41. Aren‟t you tired? I ____ you had done enough for today.A. should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC. might have thoughtD. could have thought42. "It seems that she was there at the conference." The sentence means thatA. she seems to be there at the conference.B. she seemed to be there at the conference.C. she seems to have been there at the conference.D. she seemed to being there at the conference.43. Which of the following adverbs can NOT be used to complete " _____ everybody came"?A. NearlyB. QuiteC. PracticallyD. Almost44. In "How much do you think he earns?" how much is ______ of the sentence.A. the subjectB. the adverbialC. the objectD. the complement45. "The man preparing the documents is the firm‟s lawyer" has all the following possible meaningsEXCEPTA. the man who has prepared the documents...B. the man who has been preparing the documents...C. the man who is preparing the documents...D. the man who willprepare the documents...使用括号内词语的正确形式完成以下句子。

托福听力词汇完整版

新托福IBT听力场景入学：enrollment登记, 注册opening ceremony n.开业典礼, 仪式commencement ceremony 毕业典礼convocation n.正式会议（可指简单的毕业典礼）orientation meetin g开学说明会staff n.全体职员freshman （大学）一年级学生sophomore （大学）二年级学生junior （大学）三年级学生senior （大学）四年级学生tuition, fee 费用placement test开学测试excellent 出色的average 平均的，一般的below average 低于平均水平的，差的结构及称谓:university- president 大学，校长chancellor名誉校长college 学院school 学院dean院长principal 中学校长professor 教授associate professor 副教授assistant professor 助理教授coordinator 班主任，协调人counselor辅导员advisor 指导老师instructor 讲师tutor 个人辅导supervisor 管理人undergraduate 本科graduate 研究生建筑物buildings:canteen.餐厅cafeteria.自助餐厅administration building 行政大楼main building主楼wing/annex配楼teaching building教学楼dormitory n.宿舍auditorium n.会堂, 礼堂=lecture hall assembly n.集合,集会hallcomputer lab 计算实验室，机房dining hall 食堂选课学科major 主修minor 副修science理科, arts文科, engineering 工科Mathematics 数学physics 物理chemistry 化学biology 生物学geography 地理学electronics 电子学computer science 计算机科学astronomy 天文学electronics engineering 电子工程学botany 植物学psychology 心理学zoology 动物学architecture 建筑学oceanography 海洋学ecology 生态学medical science 医学archaeology 考古学history 历史学linguistics 语言学pedagogies 教育学，教学法anthropology 人类学economics 经济学statistics 统计学accounting 会计学philosophy 哲学类型required、compulsory course 必修课selective/optional course选修课elective course 选修课lecture 讲座seminar 高级研讨性课colloquium n.报告课tutorial 个人辅导课程workshop 专题课程级别Introductory 入门级elementary, fundamental 初级Intermediate, secondary 中级Advanced 高级Prerequisite 先修课程上课：Attend class 上课Miss class 缺课Skip class逃课Syllabus 教学大纲Required textbook 要求的课本Attendance 出勤Grading system 打分体系Class participation 课堂参与杂semester/term 学期quarter小学期course guideline 课程纲要major 主修minor 副修exemption 免修syllabus 教学大纲Professor’s signature 教授的签字（用于注册课程）Course cap课程容量（可以招收的学生数）,openings （可供注册的名额）Take选（课）, drop 退（课）Late registration晚注册Deregistration 注销教师称号professor 教授lecturer = instructor 讲师teaching assistant = TA 助教research assistant = RA 助研counselor, adviser 咨询者，顾问president 大学校长teacher/faculty 教师student's advisor 学生顾问physicist 物理学家mathematician 数学家chemist 化学家historian 历史学家statistician 统计学家作业：assignment 作业homework = coursework = schoolwork = studies 作业lab report 实验报告book report 读书报告project 作业presentation 发言term paper 学期论文（research paper）thesis/essay/dissertation 论文journal 学术期刊social investigation 社会调查survey 调查questionnaire n.调查表, 问卷observation n.观察interview .采访collect data 收集数据broad (论文等)内容宽泛narrow down (论文等)缩小范围source （写论文的）参考资料critical thinking 评判性思维lack your own ideas缺少自己的想法deadline n.最终期限extension 延期due date/time期限outline n.大纲, 提纲(roadmap) bibliography n书目, 参考书目reference 参考plagiarism n. 抄袭revise v. 修改rewrite v. 重写final draft 完成稿speech n.演讲presentation 演讲，陈述eye contact 目光接触intonation 音调考试：mid-term exam 期中考final exams = finals 期末考cumulative final 总结性考试take-home exam（拿回家的开卷考试，一般有限定的时间）open-book exam 开卷考试subjective test 主观性测试objective test 客观性测试pop quiz 抽查式测验blue book 答题本assessment n估价appraisal n.评价, 估价make up for补考,resit, retake重考grade （mark 、score）分数成绩：perfect grade 优异成绩low grade 低分high mark 高分passing grade 及格分failing grade 不及格分full marks 满分straight A's 全Abe all A's and B's 全是A和BB plus B加A minus A减pass the iexam with flying colors 以优异成绩通过考试graduate with honors 以荣誉毕业diploma, degree, certificate 文凭，学位，证书考试问题：分析成绩低的原因，给出解决办法图书馆：library图书馆librarian图书管理员publication 出版物periodical 期刊magazine 杂志book catalogue 图书目录classified catalogue 分类目录bibliography 参考书目title index 书目索引alphabetic index 按字母顺序排列的索引circulation desk借书处reserved books 馆藏书（只能在图书馆内借阅）library card 借书证overdue fine 过期罚金periodical reading room 期刊阅览室online journal 在线期刊video tape 录像带back issue 过期杂志current issue 近期杂志archive 档案non-fiction 非小说类文学作品science-fiction 科幻小说copier 复印机check out 办理（借、还）手续renew 续借overdue过期interlibrary service 馆际服务部分名称information desk n.服务台delivery/circulation desk借书台shelf n.书架photocopy room复印室return area 还书处students locker 学生存储间reference section 参考书部科研过程HypothesisAlternative hypothesis择一假说Null hypothesis无效假说, 零假说Collect dataSurvey, questionnaire ExperimentInterfere, influenceObservationAnalyze dataInterpret dataAnalysisAnalyticalSubjectSampleTreatment groupNon-treatmentControl group校内工作，课外活动及寻找经济援助：Letter of reference/recommendation CompetitiveBenefit future careerField researchCollect data for papersWaiter, waitress，BabysitterWork at the libraryQualification资格, qualified 合格的Resume, CVfinancial aid经济援助Scholarship FellowshipTeaching assistantship 助教奖学金Research assistantship 研究奖学金Grant 助学金Loan 贷款Need-based以需求为基础Merit-based 以优秀为基础Student union 学生会Clubs 俱乐部Membership 成员资格Career service住宿：宿舍：accommodation n.住处, 膳宿residence hall宿舍suite 套间studio 工作室，独立套间village 村落（校内一栋一栋的房子，可以用做宿舍）lounge n.公共大厅（可以用做娱乐）home-stay 在国外住在房东家里的那种roommate同屋者,室友corridor n. 走廊,过道，租房lease n.租借, 租约landlord 房东landlady女房东rent租金tenant 房客patio n.阳台，sliding door n.推拉门single room 单人房twin room 双人房two-bedroom apartmenthouse key 房锁匙床上用品:pillow n.枕头bed linen n. 床上用品sheet n. 被单mattress n.床垫blanket n.毯子towel n.手巾, 毛巾quilt n.棉被电器类electric appliance(instrument; equipment) 电器heater, furnace 加热器，炉子heating unit 暖气片air conditioner 空调设备stove 炉子microwave oven 微波炉washer / dryer 洗衣机/烘干机（laundry 洗衣店）utensil 器皿；用具kitchen utensil 炊具oven 烤箱；烤炉range 煤气灶dishwasher 洗碟机washing machine 洗衣机(hot-water) heater 热水器coffeepot 咖啡壶refrigerator (freezer) 冰箱vacuum cleaner 吸尘器tape player 录音机CD player CD机Laundromat 自动洗衣店maintenance 维修，保养家具类furniture 家具bookshelf 书架bookcase 书柜couch 沙发chest 柜子；橱；箱子dresser (bureau) 梳妆台cabinet (电视机等)机箱；储藏柜；陈列柜cupboard (closet) 碗橱storage wall 壁橱rug 小地毯carpet 地毯curtain 窗帘bathtub 浴缸fixture （房屋）固定装置furnishings 室内陈设日常生活/问题:personalpossessions/property/belongings个人财产get insurance for personal possessions/property/belongsgarbage/rubbish/waste n.垃圾dispose v. 处理gas meter煤气表insect n.昆虫burglar n.夜贼leaking/leakage n. 泄漏lost key丢钥匙break in 闯入讲座场景词汇Geology地质学Slide n. 滑坡Landslide n.山体滑坡Mud泥土, soil土壤Earth n. 土Sink v.下沉Ground water 地下水Irrigation n. 灌溉Freeze, froze, frozen v.冷冻Melt v.融化molten Gravity n.重心Aggravate v.加重Lean v.倾斜Slope n.斜坡Steep adj.陡峭Erode v., erosion n.腐蚀Fossil n.化石Dinosaur n.恐龙Sediment, deposit 沉淀物Marble 大理石granite 花岗岩Ore 矿石Stalactite 钟乳石Refine v. 提炼Platinum v. 铂金Seismology 地震学Vibration, tremor, 震动Wave 波动V olcano, volcanic 火山，火山的V olcanic eruption 火山喷发Magnitude 级数Collision n.碰撞Active adj.积极的Dormant adj.休眠的Extinct adj. 熄灭的Magma n.岩浆Lava n.岩浆Erupt v.喷发explode v.爆炸(explosion)boom n.爆炸Blast n.爆炸Avalanche n.雪崩地球科学Earth’s interior 地球的内部Seismic waves地震波Compression 压缩Shear（a deformation of an object in which parallel planes remain parallel but are shifted in a direction parallel to themselves）Slow down减慢速度Reflect 反射Depth深度Density 密度Boundary边界Mantle地幔Crust地壳Core地心Continental plate 大陆板块Tectonic plate (地球表面的)构造板块Continental drift 大陆漂移Layer, strata 层Stratify 分层Crack 裂缝Molten lava 融化的岩浆Climatic shift=Climatic changes气候变化Consistent pattern 统一的，始终一致的Solar energy太阳能Radiate 发射，放射Crude approximation 大概的猜测Speculation猜测Cooling down冷却Mechanism 机制Length of the dayPhysical force 体力Imaginary line虚拟线Artificial reservoir 人工水库LatitudeRedistribute再分配，再分布Spin 快速旋转Minerals 矿物质Diverse 多样的Specimen，Sample样品Abundant 丰富的Glassy像玻璃的Amazon stones天河石Firing vapor 炙热的水蒸汽Wipe out 根除，彻底消灭Mt Everest 珠穆朗玛峰Elevation 海拔，海拔增高Precise measurement精确的测量Global Positioning System全球定位系统Longitude 经度Latitude 维度Alternative sources of energy 可替代资源Gas hydrate气体水合物Trap 困住Flame 火焰Potential 潜在的Model 模式Geological fault地质断层Crack 裂缝seismic gap地震活动空白地带postulate 假设chunk 大块cylinder 圆柱cylindrical 圆柱形的ground tilt measurement地倾斜观测evacuate 撤出sedimentary adj. 沉淀性的accumulate 积累商业Insurance 保险Note 注意Contract合约Verbal agreement口头协议Repay 偿还Interest 利息Merchant 商人Cautious 谨慎的Paramount 极为重要的Manufacture 制造Label 标签Contention 所持观点Inform 告知Cost成本Profit利润loss损失Net净的，gross粗略的Supply and demand供求Supply chain供应链Fluctuation 浮动Recession 衰退Depression 萧条Marketing strategies市场营销策略Survey 调查Surplus 剩余Shipment 运输Distribution 分布Retail 零售Whole sale 批发Franchise特许经营Budget预算哲学Socrates, Plato and AristotleTheme 主题Logic 逻辑Rhetoric 修辞Fundamental causes 基本原因Principles of the universe 宇宙的原则Perceive 看待，观察Perception 观点Sense 感觉Soul 灵魂spiritElement 组成成分Reasoning 推理Ration理性, rational有理性的Contemplation 沉思，思考Judgment判断Just公正的，justice公正Justify证明, justification 合理的理由Explicit 明确的Ethics道德规范Ethical theory 伦理理论Moral 有道德的Ultimate truth终极真理Universal 普遍的Search for truth 追求真理Vary v.不相同Intrinsic 内部的Extrinsic 外部的Critic 评论家Old-fashioned 过时的Valuable 有价值的Survive 生存，存活Conservative 保守的Liberal 开放的Impractical不实际的Empirical经验主义的Cognitive 认知的Weaken 削弱Diminish （影响力）减小Medieval 中世纪Renaissance 文艺复兴Doctrine教义,主义,学说Idealism 唯心论，理想主义Epistemology n. 认识论Metaphysics形而上学,玄学Reconcile和解,调停天文学astronomyconstellation星座zodiac （星象学的星座）planet 行星sun 恒星Jupiter 木星Pluto 冥王星Saturn 土星Mercury 水星Mars 火星Venus金星Neptune海王星Uranus天王星Ceres 谷物星（the largest asteroid and the first discovered）White dwarf 白矮星Big Dipper 北斗七星Asteroid belt 小行星带Milky Way 银河系Galaxy n.星系orbit v.运行n.轨道rotate v. 转Axis n.轴track n. 轨道outer space外太空gravity n.重力equator n.赤道tropical 热带的brightness n.亮度dimension n.维度distance n. 距离Eclipse (日月食)Wane, diminish v. 逐渐变小Centripetal 向心Centrifugal 离心Nebula 星云(an immense cloud of gas (mainly hydrogen) and dust in interstellar space）Nebulous adj. 星云的Gas 气体(rock, ice, hydrogen, oxygen) Particle 微粒Polar light 极光Astronomical 天文的Astrophysics 天文物理学Big Dipper 北斗七星Black hole 黑洞Celestial天体的Celestial map 天体图Centrifugal force 离心力Chondrite 球粒状陨石Chromosphere太阳的色球层Clockwise 顺时针Cluster 星团，一群星星Comet 彗星Cosmos宇宙,cosmetic宇宙的Cosmology宇宙学Emission 排放物，发射Faint 微弱的Feeble 微弱的Gaseous bodies 气态包Gravitational force 吸引力Greenwich mean time 格林尼治时间High resolution 高清晰度Ignite 引燃Illusive object 幻影物体Image 影响，形象Infinite 无限的Infrared ray 红外射线Interferometer 干扰仪Intergalactic 星系间的International date line 国际日期变更线Interplanetary 星球间的Interstellar星际的Leap year 闰年Light year光年Luminosity光亮度Lunar阴历的，月亮的Massive 巨大的Meteor流星Meteor shower 流星雨Meteorite陨石Meteoroid流星体Molten 融化的Naked eye 裸眼Observatory 天文台Photosphere 光球层Planetarium 天文馆Planetoid 小行星Polestar 北极星Pseudoscience 伪科学Quasar类星体Radiation 辐射Revolution 旋转Rotation 旋转Satellite 卫星Sky atlas天体图Solar corona日冕Space debris 太空垃圾Space shuttle 太空飞船Space suit 太空服Spin 快速旋转Star cluster 星群，星团Stellar 星星的Sunspot 太阳黑子Time difference 时差Time zone 时区表演艺术（舞蹈，电影，音乐etc.）Genre 艺术分类Performing art 表演艺术modern dance piece现代舞concert 音乐会play剧opera歌剧film 电影camera 摄影camera shotanalytical 分析的parallel 平行的ballet芭蕾舞choreographer 舞蹈指导Fine/visual arts 视觉艺术Abstract art抽象艺术landscape风景photography摄影exposure 曝光develop film 冲洗胶卷negative n. 底片portrait(portray v. )肖像, 人像、still life静物sculpture雕塑statue 人物雕像lifelike 逼真的vividanthem国歌Critic 评论家Criticism 批评，评论Review n.评论Masterpiece 杰作Have aesthetic value 有美学价值Aesthetic appeal 美学吸引力Feature 特点Characteristics 特点Distinct adj.与众不同的Unique 独一无二的Style 风格Technique 技巧Gallery n.画馆Edition n.专辑Release v. 发行Debut n.首映Impressionist 印象主义者Impressionism 印象派Perspective 透视法Angle 角度Press/Publishing house出版社Acclaim v. 盛赞mirage海市蜃楼prolific多产Preserve v. 保存Extinct adj.灭绝的，消失的文学Literature 文学Poetry诗歌biography传记autobiography 自传detective stories 侦探小说drama戏剧novel小说Novelist 小说家collection of short stories短篇小说集Allegory寓言Comparative literature比较文学Diary 日记Editorial 社论，重要评论Fiction 小说Aestheticism 唯美Autobiography 自传Descriptive prose 描述散文Fairy tale 童话Futurism 未来派Legend 传说Literary studies 文学研究Narrative prose 叙述性散文Podium 讲台Prose 散文Realism 现实主义School of literature 文学派别Leading character 主要角色Literary criticism 文学评论Literary studies 文学学习Modernism 现代主义Plot 情节Poetry 诗歌Prologue前言Proverb谚语Surrealism 超现实主义美术Art gallery艺廊Calligraphy书法Imitating模仿Landscape painting风景画Oil painting油画Paste粘贴Crayon 蜡笔，粉笔，颜料Pigmentation 颜料Canvas 帆布Wax 蜡Spectrum 光谱Perspective透视画法Poster海报Portrait肖像Model模式，模特mural壁画Panorama全景Pastel drawing蜡笔画Sketch草图Autograph手稿建筑Architecture建筑学Architect建筑师Architectural style建筑风格Art deco 装饰艺术Art moderneGeometric patterns 几何图形Arch 拱门Castle 城堡Cathedral大教堂Framing结构Lobby n. 大厅(entrance hall) Elevator n. 电梯Façade n. 正面Stairs 楼梯Interior 内部的Exterior 外部的Impressionistic style印象派风格Mosque清真寺Pyramid金字塔Revival 复活Renaissance 文艺复兴Medieval中世纪527 (Sofia)-1520音乐Accompaniment 伴奏Audition 试听，试表演Band music 乐队音乐Chord弦乐，弦Classical music古典音乐Concerto 协奏曲Lullaby 催眠曲Duet 二重奏Harmony 和弦，和谐Rock and roll 摇滚Serenade 小夜曲Solo 独奏Sonata 奏鸣曲Symphony 交响乐Ballad歌谣Folk music 民间音乐Prelude 前奏Epilogue 尾声Score 乐谱Note 音符Notation 乐谱，记号法Chord symbol和弦符号Lyrics 歌词Tempo 节奏Melody 主旋律Rhythm节奏Tune 旋律Conduct 指挥Violin 小提琴Viola 中提琴Cello大提琴Oboe双簧管Clarinet单簧管krummhorn['krʌmhɔ:n]n. 变号(一种古双簧乐器)Harp 竖琴考古anthropologist 人类学家ecological 生态的anthropologist 生态人类学家archaeology 考古学anthropology 人类学morphology 形态学Ancient civilization 古代文明origin 起源originate 起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous 同一种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan 氏族archeologist 考古学家excavation 挖掘excavate (unearth) 挖掘Scoop铲子ruins 遗迹，废墟remains 遗迹，遗骸artifact 手工艺品pottery 陶器(potter)Porcelain瓷器fossil 化石relic 遗物，文物Rock painting 岩石画antique 古物，古董antiquity 古代，古老skull 颅骨Cranial颅骨的Stone Age 石器时代Bronze Age （青）铜器时代Iron Age 铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic 新石器时代的Exhume 挖掘Paleoanthropology Prehistoric史前的Primitive原始的动物微生物Amino acid 氨基酸Antibody 抗体Bacterium 细菌Biotical agencyCalcium钙Carbohydrate 碳水化合物Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cell细胞Chromosome 染色体Disinfection 消毒Enzymes 酶Fatigue 疲惫Fermentation 发酵Fungus 菌类Gene基因Genetic engineering 基因工程学Glucose 葡萄糖Immunology免疫学Incubation 孵蛋Inflection传染Malaria 疟疾Microbe 微生物Nucleus 细胞核One-celled单细胞的Oxidation氧化Parasitic animal 寄生动物Parasite disease 寄生虫病Parasitology 寄生虫学Pathogen 病菌，病原体Protozoa 原生动物Sanitation 卫生Schistosomiaisis 血吸虫病Starch 淀粉Sterilization 消毒Toxin 毒素Vaccine 疫苗Virus 病毒Yeast 酵母动物living organism 生物bacterium细菌algae海藻coral珊瑚rodent 啮齿类动物primate 灵长类动物ape 猿chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩gorilla 大猩猩monkey n. 猴子mammal 哺乳类动物dinosaur n.恐龙bat (ecolotion) 蝙蝠（声波定位）snowshoe hare 雪兔子raccoon 浣熊polar bear 北极熊snout (动物的)口鼻部;reptile 爬行类动物snake, cobra眼镜蛇, rattle snake 响尾蛇lizard蜥蜴,snail 蜗牛amphibian adj. 两栖动物crocodile 鳄鱼frog n. 青蛙tadpole 蝌蚪toad 蟾蜍pond 池塘puddle 水坑insect n.昆虫mosquito 蚊子fly 苍蝇cricket 蟋蟀grasshopper 蚱蜢honey beemonarch butterfly 大花蝶largemigratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed egg 卵larvae 幼虫caterpillar 毛虫pupa/ chrysalis 茧termite n. 白蚁marine adj. 海洋的beaver 狸whale 鲸shark 鲨鱼dolphin 海豚penguin 企鹅predator n. 捕食者prey n. 被捕食者aquatic adj.水生的shrimp 虾lobster 龙虾clam 蚌crab 螃蟹bird, humming birdartery 动脉scale 鳞片claw爪, paw爪子horn 角hormone 荷尔蒙intestine 肠hive 蜂巢pollen n. 花粉pollinate v.授粉hibernate 冬眠migrate v. 迁徙communicate v. 交流保护色evolve 进化evolution n. 进化endotherm n.温血动物,恒温动物poikilotherm n. 冷血动物beak 鸟嘴enzymes 酵母secretion(n.) secrete(v.) 分泌pancreas 胰腺odor 气味(还有aroma fragrance scent smell)gland 腺体chromosome 染色体植物botany植物学botanist 植物学家tundra苔原;冻土地带,冻原fungus(pl. fungi ) 菌类laurel 月桂chestnut tree 栗子树root 根branch 枝stem 茎algae(pl. alga) 海藻organism 有机物birch tree (bark) 桦树crops 谷物corn 玉米maize 玉米chlorophyll 叶绿素amino acids 氨基酸protein 蛋白质nitrogen 氮photosynthetic(adj.) photosynthesis(n.) 光合作用lichen 地衣,苔藓squash 南瓜one of a group of large vegetables with solid flesh and hard skins, such as PUMPKIN sbean 豆类植物nectar花蜜flower花floral 花的petal 花瓣bloom 开花blossom 花pollen花粉moss 苔藓herbicide 除草剂herb 草本植物herbivorous 食草的classification 分类hierarchy 级别hazardous 有毒害的Meteorology 气象meteorology 气象meteorologist 气象学家forecast (predict) 预报climate 气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere 对流层Convection 对流Stratosphere 同温层Barometer 气压计current （气）流vapor 蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp (wet; moist; humid) 潮湿的humidity 湿度moisture 潮湿；水分saturate 饱和absorb 吸收dew 露frost 霜fog (mist) 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水珠condense 浓缩crystal 水晶体downpour (torrential rain) 大雨tempest (storm) 暴风雨drizzle 细雨shower 阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard (snowstorm) 暴风雪avalanche (snowslide) 雪崩precipitation （雨、露、雪等）降水Thunder 雷Lightening 闪电breeze 微风Blast 大风gale 大风whirlwind 旋风Cyclone 旋风，飓风typhoon 台风hurricane 飓风Monsoon 季风Sandstorm沙尘暴Dust storm沙尘暴tornado (twister, cyclone) 龙卷风Tropical depression热带低气压Wind direction 风向Wind velocity 风速Wind scale 风力funnel 漏斗，漏斗云cumulonimbus 积雨云disaster (calamity, catastrophe) 灾难devastation 破坏submerge 淹没overwhelm v. 淹没drought 干旱Avalanche雪崩Balmy 温和的Chilly寒冷的Frigid僵硬的，严格的Heat-wave热浪Tepid adj.微温的环保environmental protection 环境保护environmentally-friendly 环保的preserve v.保护，保存污染：pollute, pollution, pollutant contaminant n.污染物contaminate v.污染ecosystem生态系统ecology n.生态学antiseptic adj.防腐的atmospheric pollution大气污染垃圾: rubbish, garbage, trash, waste, litter处理: dispose of, burn, bury (landfill), recycle, reduce, reuse,dump回收:glass, paper, water,milk carton牛奶盒, tyre,aluminium cans铝罐,plastic bags, rubbish bags biodegradable packaging可降解包装, throwaway 可丢弃的disposable 可丢弃的discourage v. 不鼓励燃料none-renewable 不可再生的fossil fuels矿石燃料:natural gas, coal, petroleumlimited/finite natural resources 有限的自然资源alternative energy替代能源,replace=substitute v.取代wind power, hydropower水电,solar (lunar) power太阳能,nuclear power核能radioactivity n. 辐射性use up, deplete, exhaust v. 用光，耗尽conserve v. 节省，节约, 污染: water pollution, air pollution,soil pollution土壤污染,noise pollutionsoil erosion 土壤侵蚀soil pollution土壤污染stain n.污染，污点，玷污stink v.发出臭味tar n.焦油toxic chemical 有毒的化学物品fume n.烟，气味light pollution日光污染refuse废物sewage污水pesticide n.杀虫剂chemical waste化学废料congest v.使充满危害动物:poaching非法打猎，盗猎,damage natural habitat破坏自然栖息地,rare breed稀有物种,endangered species濒危物种,extinct adj.灭绝(die out, disappear), animal rights activist动物权益保护者, natural reserve(giant panda大熊猫)自然保护区,protect wild life保护野生动物,preserve v.保护disastrous灾难性的, devastation破坏, have disastrous effect on…对。

剑桥入学测试卷

环球雅思技能端入学测试卷Section 1 Question 1-10Complete the table below.Write No More Than Three Words or A Number for each answer.Programme of Activities for First DayPlace1. ……… ..Talk by 2. ……… .. Talk by 3. ……… .. Classroom 5TimeExample: 10.00 Meet the Principal and staff 5. ……… .. test4 ……… ..10.15 10.45 EventListeningQuestion6-10Label the rooms on the map below.Choose your answers from the box below and write them next to questions6-10.CLDO L MH S SARSCR SR Computer Laboratory Director’s Office LibraryMain HallStoreroomSelf Access Room Student Common Room Staff RoomQuestion11-15Complete the table below.Write No More Than Three Words for each answer.Question16-20Complete the notes below.Write Numbers or No More Than Three Words for each answer.TYPE OF HELP EXAMPLES FINANCIAL Grants12……….. ACADEMIC14.………..11……….. ChildcareNurseries 13………..Using the library Individual interests15………..Questions21-24Choose the correct letters A-C21.At the start of the tutorial,the tutor emphasizes the importance ofA interviewsB staff selectionC question techniques22.An example of a person who doesn’t“fit in”is someone whoA is over-qualified for the jobB lacks experience of the tasks set.C disagrees with the rest of the group23.An important part of teamwork is having trust in yourA colleagues’abilityB employer’s directionsC company training24The tutor says that finding out personal information isA a skill that needs practiceB avoided by many interviewersC already a part of job interviewsQuestions 25-29Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Question 30Choose the correct letter A-CWhat is the tutor trying to do in the tutorialA describe one selection techniqueB criticize traditional approaches to interviewsC illustrate how she uses personality questionnairesPersonality QuestionnairesCompleted during 25 ……………………………………… Used in the past by the26…………………………………………………… and the …………………………………………………… Now used by 28……………………………………… .of large employers Questions about things like: working under pressure or keeping deadlines Written by 29………………………………… .who says candidates tend to be trustfulYou should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-12 which are based on Reading Passage below.The Department of Ethnography was created as a separate department within the British Museum in 1946, after 140Q years of gradual development from the original Department of Antiquities. It is concerned with the people of Africa, the Americas, Asia, the Pacific and parts of Europe. While this includes complex empires, such as those of the Americas, the primary focus of attention in the twentieth century has been on small scale societies. Through its collections, the Department’s specific interest is to document how objects are created and used, and to understand their importance and significance to those who produce them. Such objects can include both the extraordinary and the mundane, the beautiful and the banal.The collections of the Department of Ethnography include approximately 300,000 artefacts, of which about half are the product of the present century. The Department has a vital role to play in providing information on non-Western cultures to visitors and scholars. To thisTHE DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOGRAPHY READINGseries-for instance, of textiles form Bolivia, Guatemala, Indonesia and areas of West Africa-or of artefact types such as boats. The latter include working examples of coracles from India, reed boats from lake Titicaca in the Andes, kayaks from the Arctic, and dug-out canoes from several countries. The field assemblages, such as those from the Sudan, Madagascar and Yemen, include a whole range of material culture representative of one people. This might cover the necessities of life an African herdsman or an Arabian farmer, ritual objects, or even on occasion airport. art. Again, a series of acquisitions might represent a decade’s fieldwork documenting social experience as expressed in the varieties of clothing and jewellery styles, tents and camel trapping s from various Middle Eastern countries, or in the developing preferences in personal adornment and dress from Papua New Guinea. Particularly interesting are a series of collections which continue to document the evolution of ceremony and of material forms for which the development already possesses early (if not the earliest) collections formed after the first contract with Europeans.end, the collecting emphasis has often been less on individual objects than on groups of material which allow the display of a broad range of a society’s cultural expressions. Much of the more recent collecting carried out in the field, sometimes by Museum staff working on general anthropological projects in collaboration with a wide variety of national governments and other institutions. The material collected includes great technicalThe importance of these acquisitions extends beyond the objects themselves. They come to the Museum with documentation of the social context, ideally including photographic records. Such acquisitions have multiple purposes. Most significantly they document for future change.Most people think of the cultures represented in the collection in the terms of the absence of advanced technology.In fact,traditional practices draw on a constraints are often overcome by personal skills that would be regarded as exceptional in the West.Of growing interest is the way in which much of what we might see as disposable is,elsewhere, recycled and reused.circumstances categorises them as'art'. Collections act as an ever-expanding database,not merely for scholars and anthropologists,but for people involved in a whole range of educational and artistic purposes.These include schools and universities as well as colleges of art and design.The provision of information about non-westernaesthetics and techniques,not just for designers and artists but for all visitors, is a growing responsibility for a Development whose own context is an increasingly multicultural European society.With the independence of much of Asia and Africa after1945,it was assumed that economic process would rapidly lead to the disappearance or assimilation of many small-scale societies. Therefore, it was felt that the Museum should acquire materials representing people whose art or material culture,ritual or political structures were on the point of irrevocable change.This attitude altered with the realization that marginal communities can survive and adapt in spite of partial integration into a notoriously fickle world economy.Since the seventeenth century,with the advent of trading companies exportingmanufactured textiles to North America and Asia, the importation of cheap goodshas often contributed to the destruction of local skills and indigenous markets.On the one hand modern imported goods may be used in an everyday setting,while on the other hand other traditional objects may still be required for ritually significant exchange attitudes are inverted.What are utilitarian objects to a Westerner may be prized objects in other cultures-when transformed by local ingenuity-principally for aesthetic value. In the same way,the West imports goods from other peoples and in certainDo the following statements agree with the information given in Reading PASSAGE.In boxes1-6on your answer sheet writeTrue False if the statement is true according to the passage if the statement is false according to the passageNot Given if the information is not given in the passageExampleThe Department of Ethnography replaced the Department of Antiquitiesat the British Museum.answerFalse1.the twentieth-century collections come mainly from mainstream societies such as the US and Europe.2.The Department of Ethnography focuses mainly on modern societies.3.The Department concentrates on collecting single unrelated objects of great value.4.the Textile collection of the Department of Ethnography is the largest in the world.5.Traditional societies are highly inventive in terms of technology.6.Many small-scale societies have survived and adapted in spite of predictions to the contrary.Some of the exhibits at the Department of Ethnography are listed below (questions7-12)The writer gives these exhibits as examples of different collections types.Match each exhibit with the collection type with which it is associated in Reading passage.Write the appropriate letters in boxes7-12on your answer sheet.NB You may use any collection type more than once.Collection TypesAT Artefact TypesEC Evolution of CeremonyFA Field AssemblagesSE Social ExperienceTS Technical SeriesExample Boats answer AT7 Bolivian textiles8 Indian coracles9 airport art10Actic kayaks11 necessities of life of an Arabian farmer 12tents from the Middle EastWRITINGYou should spend about 20 minutes on translating the following sentences from Chinese to English.1. 每年结婚的人数从1980 年开始轻微下降，而离婚的数量也经历了同样的趋势。

托福和gre区别

托福和gre区别托福和gre区别托福和GRE是很好的cp，是留学路上的好伙伴，但是他们之间还是有⼀定的区别，希望通过这些细微的差别，来帮助留学路上的童鞋们更好地准备托福和GRE考试。

托福和gre区别在哪⾥？ 1、考试定位不同 TOEFL全称为The Test of English as a Foreign Language，是⼀项检定母语⾮英语者的英语能⼒考试，主要考察⼀个希望到美国⽣活、学习的考⽣在语⾔上是否已经做好了充分的准备。

与之对应的是IELTS考试，多⽤于英联邦国家。

GRE考试全称为Graduate Record Examination，即美国研究⽣⼊学考试，分两种 (平常所说GRE考试都是指General test)：⼀般能⼒或称倾向性测验(General test或Aptitude Test)，及专业测验或称⾼级测验(Subject Test或Advanced Test)。

考⽣需要根据⾃⾝的条件和申请学校的要求参加其中⼀项或双项考试。

GMAT全称为Graduate Management Admission Test，中⽂名称为经企管理研究⽣⼊学考试，主要⽤于商学院的录取评估，是当前测试考⽣是否具备顺利完成⼯商管理硕⼠项⽬学习能⼒的最为可靠的测试系统。

和托福不同，GRE和GMAT并不是语⾔考试，⽽是以英语为载体检验⼀个⼈的逻辑分析能⼒和信息提取能⼒，从⽽⼀定程度上显⽰⼀个⼈的学术潜能，所以后两者并不考听⼒和⼝语。

2、题型设置不同 TOEFL题型分为听⼒、⼝语、阅读和写作部分。

GRE和GMAT考试包含Verbal(语⽂)、 Quantitative(数学)和Analytical Writing(分析性写作)，此外GMAT再加⼀个Integrated Reasoning(综合推理)。

GRE写作包括issue和argument两部分，issue是根据⼀个话题来谈⾃⼰的看法和认识，argument则根据已给出的⼀段⽂字批驳其不合理处。

2023年加州大学圣塔芭拉拉分校托福分数要求详细介绍

2023年加州大学圣塔芭拉拉分校托福分数要求详细介绍一、加州大学圣塔芭拉拉分校托福分数要求是多少本科生申请者的托福成绩要求不低于80分，其中听说读写各单项不低于19分；研究生申请者的托福成绩要求不低于80分，其中听说读写各单项不低于19分。

入学时需参加学校举办的英语才能测试，未到达大学语言要求的学生，可以先申请就读学校提供的语言课程。

加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校与加州大学伯克利分校、加州大学洛杉矶分校、加州大学圣地亚哥分校、加州大学欧文分校、加州大学戴维斯分校、加州大学圣克鲁兹分校一样，是世界顶尖的高等学府。

此间学校亦被誉为公立常春藤之一，同时也是美国重要的学术联盟美国大学结合会61所知名大学成员之一，环太平洋大学协会成员。

那么，加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校还有哪些申请要求呢？二、加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校申请要求本科申请条件：SAT与ACT：加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校要求国际学生提供SAT+Essay或ACT+Writing成绩，无需SATⅡ成绩。

SAT与ACT各单项平均分如下：SAT(25%-75%);阅读550-670;数学580-700;写作560-680 ACT(25%-75%)：综合24-30约86%的学生递交的是SAT成绩，SAT/ACT考试成绩最晚应在12月考出，并尽快递交给学校。

加州圣塔芭芭拉开设有ESL课程，但不提供双录取。

加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校通过UC申请系统申请，通常每年8月1日开场开放申请，每年11月30日截止，第二年3月间出录取通知。

该校本科生共有3个学院招生，分别是文理学院、创意研究学院和工程学院，申请时可以选择学院与专业，也可以不选择，默认录取到文理学院就读。

研究生申请条件：正规大学本科毕业，并获得学士以上学位GPA：不低于3.0必需有GRE或GMAT成绩，艺术系专业除外注：所有国际学生，无论语言成绩多高，入学时均需参加一个英语入学考试(English Language Placement Exam，缩写ELPE)，学校将根据该考试成绩，决定学生是否需要修读一些英语强化课程。

新托福考试介绍及口语评分标准

4.2 评分等级
Excellent—4 分 Good—3 分 Fair—2 分 Pass—1 分 Fail—0 分
3
托福强化口语课程教材 4.3 量化标准与评分等级对应关系
总分 25—28 分 20—24 分 14—19 分 5—13 分
5分
口语得分 3.5 分或 4 分
3分 2 分或 2.5 分 1 分或 1.5 分 0 分或 0.5 分
形式三（5,6 题）
三：Integrated Tasks: Task 5: listen-speak Task 6: listen-speak ____________________话题
题目类型类型一
（1,2 题）
类型二（3,5 题）
类型三（4,6 题）
按照题目话题分类一：Speaking about familiar topics:
20 minutes/150-225 30 minutes/300
Scaled Section Score
(Total:120) 0-30 0-30
0-30 (0-4 points per question)
0-30 (0-5 points per question)
1
托福强化口语课程教材 1.4 加试（加试题目数量和类型的可能性）
序号 Task 1 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 Task 5 Task 6
任务类型自由回答自由回答
读听说读听说先听后说先听后说
准备时间（秒） 15 15 30 30 20 20
回答时间（秒） 45 45 60 60 60 60
材料性质独立题目独立题目（选择）校园对话学术演讲校园对话学术演讲

托福测试题及答案

托福测试题及答案一、听力理解（Listening Comprehension）1. What is the main topic of the lecture?A. The history of photographyB. The impact of technology on artC. The role of photography in journalismD. The evolution of camera technologyAnswer: B2. According to the professor, what is one of the benefits of digital photography?A. It allows for greater artistic control.B. It is less expensive than film photography.C. It is easier to manipulate images.D. It requires less technical skill.Answer: A3. Why does the professor mention the example of the painter who used a camera?A. To illustrate the limitations of photographyB. To show how technology can inspire traditional art formsC. To demonstrate the influence of photography on paintingD. To argue that photography is a form of artAnswer: B4. What does the student imply about the relationship between photography and journalism?A. They are becoming more distinct from each other.B. They have always been closely related.C. They are merging due to technological advancements.D. They are separate fields with little overlap.Answer: C二、阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）Passage 1: The Impact of Technology on Education5. What is the author's main argument in the passage?A. Technology has had a negative impact on education.B. The integration of technology in education is essentialfor its future.C. Technology has made education less personal.D. The benefits of technology in education are overstated. Answer: B6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of using technology in the classroom?A. Increased student engagementB. Access to a wider range of resourcesC. Improved test scoresD. Enhanced communication between students and teachers Answer: C7. The author cites the example of online courses toillustrate:A. The accessibility of education to a broader audience.B. The potential for personalized learning experiences.C. The challenges of maintaining student motivation.D. The need for traditional classroom settings.Answer: APassage 2: The History of Urban Planning8. What is the primary focus of the passage?A. The evolution of urban planning over time.B. The role of government in urban development.C. The impact of urban planning on society.D. The challenges faced by urban planners.Answer: A9. The author mentions ancient Rome to demonstrate:A. The early origins of urban planning.B. The influence of urban planning on architecture.C. The importance of public spaces in cities.D. The limitations of early urban planning techniques. Answer: A10. What does the passage suggest about modern urban planning?A. It is more focused on aesthetics than functionality.B. It has become more inclusive and sustainable.C. It is primarily driven by economic considerations.D. It has largely abandoned traditional planning principles.Answer: B三、口语表达（Speaking Expression）Task 1: Describe a memorable event from your childhood.Sample Response:One of the most memorable events from my childhood was the summer I spent at my grandparents' farm. I was about ten years old at the time. The experience was incredibly enriching as I learned about farming, the importance of hard work, and the beauty of nature. It was a time filled with laughter, new discoveries, and a deep connection with my family.Task 2: Explain why you think environmental conservation is important.Sample Response:Environmental conservation is crucial for several reasons. Firstly, it ensures the preservation of natural resources for future generations. Secondly, it helps maintain biodiversity, which is vital for the balance of ecosystems. Lastly, conservation efforts contribute to combating climate change by reducing pollution and promoting sustainable practices. It is our collective responsibility to protect the environment for the well-being of all living beings on Earth.四、写作任务（Writing Task）Task 1: Write an essay discussing the advantages and disadvantages of social media.Sample Essay:Social media has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. On the positive side, it allows for instant connectivity with people around the world, fosters communities with shared interests, and provides a platform for self-expression and creativity. However, it also has its downsides, such as the spread of misinformation, the potential for cyberbullying, and the negative impact on mental health due to social comparison. Balancing the benefits and drawbacks is key to harnessing the power of social media responsibly.Task 2: Propose a solution to a local environmental issue in your community.Sample Essay:One pressing environmental issue in our community is the excessive use of single-use plastics. To address this, I propose the implementation of a local ordinance that bans single-use plastic items, such as straws and bags, and encourages the use of reusable alternatives. Additionally, educational campaigns can raise awareness about the environmental impact of plastic waste. By working together, our community can significantly reduce its。

etsl标准

etsl标准
1.【问题】etsl标准
【答案】ETS (Educational Testing Service) 是一个全球领先的教育评估和研究机构。

ETS开发和进行各种标准化考试，帮助学生在申请大学、工作和其他教育机会中衡量他们的知识和技能。

ETS的标准化考试包括TOEFL（托福）、GRE（研究生入学考试）、TOEIC（全球职业英语能力测试）等。

ETS标准（ETS Standards）是由ETS制定的评价和测量领域的内部标准。

这些标准旨在确保ETS的评估和测量工作的质量和可靠性。

ETS标准涵盖了测试和测量的各个方面，包括测试设计、测试操作、测试分析和结果解释等，以确保所开发的考试与测量工具能够公正、准确地评估测试者的能力和技能。

ETS标准是ETS在测试开发和测试使用方面的指导原则，旨在确保测试和测量的有效性和公正性。

ETS标准强调了对测试和测量工具的科学性、可靠性、公平性和有效性进行评估和验证。

ETS标准还要求ETS员工和合作伙伴遵守专业伦理和行为准则，在测试和测量工作中秉持公正、慎重和诚实的原则。

ETS标准对于测试开发人员、测试使用者和测试参与者来说都非常重要，它们确保了评估和测量的一致性和可靠性。

通过遵循ETS标准，ETS致力于提供高质量的测试和测量工具，帮助人们实现教育和职业目标。

加拿大高中入学英语测试

加拿大高中入学英语测试
一、阅读理解
阅读理解部分旨在测试学生的阅读能力和理解能力，包括对英文文本的理解和推理能力。

学生需要能够理解文章的主旨、细节、作者意图和态度等，并能够根据文本信息进行推理和判断。

二、听力理解
听力理解部分测试学生的听力技能和信息处理能力。

学生需要能够听懂日常生活中的对话、讲座、新闻等不同类型的英语听力材料，并能够理解其主要内容和细节，同时还需要能够理解说话者的意图和态度。

三、写作能力
写作能力部分测试学生的写作技能和表达能力。

学生需要能够写出一篇结构清晰、语法正确、表达准确的英文文章，并能够在文章中表达自己的观点和想法。

同时还需要能够根据给定的题目或要求，进行符合要求的写作。

四、口语表达
口语表达部分测试学生的英语口语技能和表达能力。

学生需要能够清晰、流利地表达自己的观点和想法，并能够根据给定的主题或问题，进行有条理的口头表达。

同时还需要能够理解和尊重他人的观点，并能够与他人进行有效的交流和沟通。

五、语法知识
语法知识部分测试学生对英语语法的掌握程度和应用能力。

学生需要能够理解和运用基本的英语语法规则，包括时态、语态、语序、词性等方面，同时还需要能够理解和运用较为复杂的句子结构。

什么是托福考试(基本概念)

什么是托福考试(基本概念)什么是托福考试“托福”译自TOEFL，中国人称为考“托福”。

仅1988～1989年度，全世界就有56万多人参加了TOEFL考试，全球170多个国家和地区共设立了1700多个T0EFL考试中心。

至今为止，美国和加拿大共有2300多所院校规定，凡是外国学生申请到该校入学学习的，必须提供T0EFL，GRE，GMAT或TSE的某一项或两项标准化考试证明，只有达到学校所要求成绩的报考者，才能取得入学和申请奖学金的资格。

除了美国、加拿大等大部分国家的高等院校外，欧洲(如英国)、大洋洲(如澳大利亚、新西兰)以及东南亚一些国家和地区也都已承认TOEFL考试成绩。

近几年来，国内的联合国驻华机构和外企及合资企业在聘录用职员时，或国际基金组织在测试职员的英语水平时，也都采用TOEFL考试成绩。

iBT 全称 Internet-based Test 的缩写，即托福网考。

2004年之前的toefl 是用的PBT，也就是paper basic text，是toefl考试机构ETS对考试的形式做的巨大改变，现在在国内考toefl是用计算机考试的，以前是paper text，题型也发生了很大的变化，如果你对自己的英语水平没有把握特别在听力和口语方面(IBT的难点)你可以去美国考PBT，全世界只有美国本土还保留着PBT。

考托福的条件是什么?其实报名雅思考试需要的条件是不多的，在中国大陆报考雅思，只要你是中国人，有身份证了，就可以了。

雅思考试是没有年龄学历这些限制的，只要想参加报名付费都可以考。

现在大部分人都符合雅思考试的条件，因为考雅思的条件基本上可以忽略了。

对于想出国留学的同学来说，通过雅思外语考试实现出国留学的梦门槛是不是很低呢?考雅思的门槛虽低，但雅思考试不是那么容易取得满意分数的，要想在雅思考试当中拿到好分数，还需要考生们好好准备。

托福考试是由美国教育测验服务社( ETS， Educational Testing Service)在全世界举办，是一种针对母语非英语的人进行的英语水平的考试。

gre和托福的区别

也许对于即将出国的留学生来说，对于托福和GRE都十分迷茫，不知该如何下手，托福与GRE的区别是什么呢？下面360教育集团金牌留学顾问老师为大家整理了托福与GRE的区别：先从定义上来认识：GRE全称是Graduate Record Examination，咱们中国的叫法是美国研究生入学考试，GRE是由美国教育考试服务处主办，适用于除法律与商业外的各专业，是申请美国研究生时申请者必须具备的一个考试成绩。

托福可能大家比较熟悉，托福就是由美国教育测验服务社（ETS）举办的英语能力考试。

无论是去美国读中学还是研究生，都需要经过语言能力的测试，如今随着出国留学人数的增加，外国对于录取要求也变得严格起来。

GRE考试分为两种，一是General Test，二是Subject Test。

一般申请人考的都是General Test，申请研究生专业与申请人本科专业不一致时，则需要提供专项GRE成绩，即Subject Test。

新托福有四部分组成：分别是阅读（Reading）、听力（Listening）、口试（Speaking）、写作（Writing）。

每部分满分30分，整个试题满分120分。

1、目的不同托福和GRE两种考试的目的是不同的，托福是为了申请英语国家留学、移民的非英语国家而设立，是为了考察国际学生在英语中的交流能力的考试，GRE考试的目的则是美国大学研究生院入院的必须考试。

2、托福与GRE考试的区别难度不同这两种考试相对来说，托福是比较简单，托福是为了考核学生的英语水平，非英语国家的学生都要参加托福考试。

GRE就比较难了，不只是英语的测试，还要考察学生的数学等方面的逻辑思维能力。

3、托福考试与GRE的区别之需求不同学校对这两种考试的需求不同，要是申请英语国家的学生都需要参加托福考试，也不是所有研究生专业都需要GRE成绩，这要视各学校专业设置的具体情况而定。

4、托福与GRE的区别之内容不同GRE考察GRE语文，GRE数学，GRE写作三项，托福考察托福听力、托福写作、托福阅读、托福口语四个单项。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

托福保分班入学测试题-B（时间：50mins）Section 1: Vocabulary （10mins）Direction: In this section, each question is a single word or a phrase. Beneath the word you will see four words or phrase, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that is the synonym of the given word. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.1. acute:(A) limited (B) intense (C) pure (D) necessary2. remarkable:(A) movement (B) school (C) tendency (D) extraordinary3. vary:(A) maximum (B) perplexing (C) independent (D) differ4. stressed:(A) invariable (B) persistent (C) predictable (D)emphasized5. considerable:(A) started (B) requested (C) proponent (D) great6. accelerate:(A) exactly (B) clearly (C) increase (D) practically7. rushing:(A) faced (B) ruined (C) increased (D)rapid8. derived:(A) thoughtful (B) show (C) relational (D)obtained9. means:(A) dried (B) large (C) collected (D) methods10. establish:(A) connected (B) excellent (C) create (D) identified11. apparent(A). evident (B) differed (C). develops (D). invests12. prized(A). valued (B). limited (C).. replaced (D). dominated13.clues(A). fly (B). indication (C). feed (D). forge14. source(A). basis (B). long-lasting (C). marvelous (D). gorgeous15. sweep(A). varied (B). extend (C). audible (D). perilous16. thriving(A). prejudice (B). separate (C). conducive (D). flourishing17. at any rate(A). inimical (B). branch (C). observe (D). regardless18. prime(A). inhabitant (B). break (C). clan D). principal19. exert(A). spread (B). allow (C). recognized (D). put20. most common(A). contemplate (B). dedicate (C). put into practice (D). dominantDirection: In this section, each question is a single word or a phrase. Beneath the word you will see four words or phrase, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that is the antonym of the given word. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.21. vivid:(A) pierce (B) dull (C) Anguish (D) cover22. profound:(A) put together (B) Undistinguished (C) pile high (D) shallow23. disaster:(A) deficient (B) noisy (C) innovative (D) fortune24. fail:(A) increased (B) Corrupt (C) succeed (D) appeared25. gloom:(A) controlling (B) darken (C) opposing (D) brightness26. dignify:(A) report (B) learn (C) worry (D) degrade27. fresh:(A) firm (B) Stale (C) difficult (D) bitter28. adult:(A) lonely (B) lower (C) uncomfortable (D) infant29. complicate:(A) possible (B) basic (C) gradual (D) simplify30. Unworthy:(A) endure (B) replace (C) compensate (D) valuable31. Exit:(A) limited (B) entrance (C) pure (D) necessary32. invalid:(A) movement (B) forget (C) use (D) valid33. comfort:(A) conspiracy (B) attentive (C) independent (D) anguish34. skillful:(A) invariable (B) dull (C) predictable (D) awkward35. Intensify:(A) started (B) requested (C) adjourn (D) weaken36. misery:(A) exactly (B) clearly (C) shelter (D) happy37. Regain:(A) faced (B) lose (C) increased (D) discussed38. Expenditure:(A) thoughtful (B) outline (C) relational (D) income39. Prolong:(A) dried (B) vex (C) reduce(D) evaporated40. Suspend:(A) connected (B) scatter (C) completed (D)continueSection 2: Reading Comprehension共27个题目，每题1分，第一套12题2分，第二套15题3分，共30分。

做题时间：40分钟Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it, you are to choose the one best answer, (A), (B), (C), or (D), to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.The First Environmentalist: Rachel CarsonRachel Louise Carson received her degrees in marine biology from the Pennsylvania College for Women and in zoology from the Johns Hopkins University. Her true calling turned out to be much broader in range than the academic study of wildlife, however. As Carson's career as a scientific writer progressed, she became interested in the effects of artificial chemicals on the natural environment. Through her published research, she was the first to direct public attention to the environmental damage caused by the indiscriminate use of pesticides in agriculture. She is thus regarded as the public figure who launched the environmentalist movement.Upon enrolling in college, Carson had initially intended to major in English and become a journalist or novelist. Her attentiveness to presentation allowed her to convey even rather dry facts in an evocative prose style that held the attention of the general reader. Wedded to her extensive academic training in biology, Carson's talent for expressive writing positioned her ideally to bring scientific findings about ecology to a mass audience. She published a famous trilogy about the delicate and complex ecology of the sea, beginning with Under the Sea-Wind. That first volume took a large-scale approach, describing the living systems of the ocean in everyday easily understood terms. Under the Sea-Wind was only a moderate commercial success, but it, along with Carson's writings for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, set the stage for her second volume, published ten years after the first. The Sea Around Us made Rachel Carson a household name. It became not only a bestseller but also a National Book Award winner. In it, Carson examined more explicitly than before the effects of human action on the creatures of the ocean. The last book in the trilogy was The Edge of the Sea, in which Carson trailed her writerly and scientific gaze on the shoreline of the East Coast to examine the endangered organisms that populated it.These books established Carson as a public figure who advocated respect for the environment, but the work that would be her most lasting legacy was yet to come. She began to examine data on the effects of agricultural pesticides, spurred in part by a letter from two friends who owned a farm in Massachusetts and expressed concern that sprayed pesticides were causing harm to local wildlife. Carson's research convinced her that high exposure to pesticides such as DDT threatened not only beneficial insects and birds but also people. She put her conclusions in a landmark fourth scientific volume. Silent Spring. In the famous image that gave the book its title, Carson hypothesized about an ecosystem in which the calling of birds had been silenced by poison in soil and groundwater.Carson alleged that the regulations governing use of these chemicals were inadequate, though her positions were not as extreme as they are sometimes now characterized. She did not support the outright banning of pesticides. Rather, she objected to "indiscriminate"use, which is to say, use without any thought for caution and moderation. Eventually, Carson's views were taken seriously at the highest levels of government. President John F. Kennedy's Science Advisory Committee solicited her advice on how to improve rules about pesticide use. She also testified before Congress. Through her influence, she assisted in bringing about far stricter controls on toxic chemicals such as DDT, which deteriorates slowly and thus remains in soil and groundwater for very long periods of time.Although Carson's fame meant that she was in demand as a public speaker, she much preferred the solitude of research and writing. She employed assistants but frequently did even tedious archival research herself to avoid wasting time reviewing material with which she was already familiar. The same concern with clarity and elimination of waste characterized her writing itself. Though Carson died in 1964, two years after the publication of Silent Spring, that book is still frequently cited in environmental policy recommendations by analysts and regulators. Her best-selling work, it also remains a staple of high school and college science classes. Indeed, more than one major publication has deemed Carson one of the most influential figures of the twentieth century.1. The word launched in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) wrote about(B) reorganized(C) began(D) researched2. The author uses the word dry in the passage to indicate that the facts discussed are(A) not interesting(B) not related to marine life(C) not difficult to explain(D) available in the works of other scientists3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the boldfaced sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(A) Carson felt it necessary to choose between becoming a scientist and becoming a popular writer.(B) People were surprised at the large-scale damage Carson's writings brought to their attention.(C) Carson initially found it difficult to write about ecology for a mass audience.(D) Carson was able to popularize her views by combining writing talent and knowledge of biology.4. The author uses the phrase a household name to indicate that Carson(A) became famous(B) wrote very slowly(C) did not socialize much(D) was already planning her third book5. The word trained in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) questioned(B) studied(C) reviewed(D) aimed6. According to paragraph 3 of the passage, Carson was influenced to write Silent Spring by(A) observing the use of pesticides at her farm(B) a letter from friends(C) the public reaction to her first three books(D) her illnesses caused by DDT7. It can be inferred from the passage that DDT is especially dangerous because(A) it is the most commonly used pesticide(B) its taste attracts birds(C) it does not disappear quickly(D) it takes a long time to kill insects8. The "silent spring" in the title of Carson's fourth major book refers to(A) the long gap between her two books(B) people's unwillingness to speak out against pollution(C) the death of wildlife from agricultural chemicals(D) the hidden dangers of pesticides9. The word alleged in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) ruled(B) argued(C) disproved(D) limited10. The word indiscriminate in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) ineffective(B) uncontrolled(C) illegal(D) funded11. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as evidence of Carson's influence on the regulation of pesticides?(A) She spoke before Congress.(B) She served on a presidential committee.(C) Her work is still cited by regulators.(D) She wrote the first set of pesticide regulations.12. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Rachel Carson was a pioneering environmentalist who helped draw public attention to theNational Flags->The flag, the most common symbol of national identity in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. The traditional flag of fabric is still used to mark buildings, ships, and diplomatic caravans by national affiliation, but its visual design makes it adaptable for other roles as well. Most flags have a compact, rectangular shape and distinct visual symbolism. Their strong colors and geometric patterns are usually instantly recognizable even if miniaturized to less than a square centimeter. Images of flags can thus serve as identifying icons on airliners, television broadcasts, and computer displays.Despite its simplicity, the national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive artifact. It is, rather, the product of millennia of development in many corners of the globe. Historians believe it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to indicate wind direction. ■ Early human societies used very fragile shelters and boats. ■ Their food sources were similarly vulnerable to disruption. ■ Even after various grains had been domesticated, people needed cooperation from the elements to assure good harvests. For all these reasons, they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.Ascertaining the direction of the wind using a simple strip of cloth tied to the top of a post was more reliable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire or the swaying of field grasses. The association of these prototypes of the flag with divine power was therefore a natural one. ■ Tribes began to fix long cloth flutters to the tops of totems before carrying them into battle, believing that the magical assistance of the wind would be added to the blessings of the gods and ancestors represented by the totem itself.■■►These flutters may seem like close kin of our present-day flags, but the path through history from one to the other wanders through thousands of years and over several continents. The first known flag of a nation or ruler was unmarked: The king who established the Chou Dynasty in China (around 1000 B.C)was reputed to have a white flag carried ahead of him. This practice may have been adopted from Egyptians even further in the past, but it was from China that it spread over trade routes through India, then across Arab lands, and finally to medieval Europe.In Europe, the Chinese-derived flag met up with the modern flag's second ancestor, the heraldic crest. The flags used in Asia may have been differentiated by color, but they rarely featuredemblems or pictures. European nobles of the medieval period had, however, developed a system of crests (symbols or insignias specific to particular families) that were commonly mounted on hard surfaces; shields to be used in battle often displayed them especially prominently.->The production of these crests on flags permitted them to be used as heralds, meaning that they functioned as visual announcements that a member of an important household was present. While crests began to appear on flags as well as shields, the number of prominent families was also increasing. They required an ever greater number of combinations of stripes, crosses, flowers, and mythical animals to distinguish themselves. These survived as the basic components of flag design when small regional kingdoms were later combined into larger nation-states. They remain such for many European countries today.Some nations, particularly those whose colors and emblems date back several hundred years, have different flags for different official uses. For example, the flag of Poland is a simple rectangle with a white upper half and red lower half. The colors themselves have been associated with Polish nationalism since the 1700s. They originated as the colors of the Piast family, which during its rule displayed a crest bearing a white eagle on a red field. Homage is paid to the Piast Dynasty in the Polish ensign, the flag officially used at sea. Unlike the familiar plain flag flown on land, the ensign has a red shield with a white eagle centered on its upper white stripe.1. Paragraph 1 of the passage describes the design of the typical flag as(A) unfamiliar to people from other countries(B) likely to change as technology improves(C) suited to many different uses(D) older than the country it represents2. The word miniaturized in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) publicized(B) colored(C) made brighter(D) made smaller3. The word primitive in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) ancient(B) unsophisticated(C) identifiable(D) replaceable4. The word they in the passage refers to(A) grains(B) people(C) elements(D) harvests5. The earliest ancestors of the flag were associated with divine power because(A) they were flown as high in the sky as people could reach(B) they were woven from valuable field grasses(C) they moved with the wind(D) tribes that flew them always won battles6. The word fix in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) create(B) respect(C) attach(D) blow7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the boldfaced sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.(A) Despite the obvious similarities between the two, ancient flutters developed very slowly and indirectly into modern flags.(B) Despite the widespread use of modern flags, flutters in the ancient style are still used in some parts of the world.(C) Historians are slowly discovering evidence of how the flutters used on ancient totems developed into modern flags.(D) Ancient flutters are still sometimes used instead of modern flags to represent a country over official journeys.8. According to paragraph 4 of the passage, the first known national flag in history(A) was not carried into battle(B) is still used in China today(C) was copied by the Egyptians(D) was not colored or patterned9. As discussed in the passage, a crest is(A) the most important member of a household(B) the color of a particular flag(C) the symbol of a particular family(D) a European noble10. According to paragraph 6 of the passage, the number of flag designs increased because(A) fewer shields were being made for battle(B) nation-states were becoming larger(C) artists had greater freedom in creating flags(D) more families wanted their own symbols11. The word them in the passage refers to(A) crests(B) families(C) hard surfaces(D) shields12. The word components in the passage is closest in meaning to(A) styles(B) makers(C) countries(D) parts13. The two flags of Poland mentioned in the passage differ in that(A) they do not use the same colors(B) they originally represented different families(C) only one is used officially(D) one does not have a crest14. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Therefore, strong winds could easily tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that imperiled travelers.Where would the sentence best fit?Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.15. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.There were many historical steps in the evolution of the national flag as it's known today.12托福保分班入学测试－B答案Section 1：1-5BDDDD 6-10 CDDDC 11-15 AABAB 16-20 DDDDD21-25 BDDCD 26-30 DBDBD 31-35 BDDDD 36-40 DBDCDSection 2：1-5 CADAD 6-10 BCCBB11D12 Carson's three books about ocean ecology increasingly focused on the dangers humans posed to marine life.The book Silent Spring has had both immediate and long-term influence on environmentalism.The government considered Carson a valued expert and invited her input on ecological policy.第二篇：1-5 CDBBC 6-10 CADCD11-13 ADD14 Therefore, strong winds could easily tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that imperiled travelers. Their food sources were similarly vulnerable to disruption插在第二个方格处是对的15 Ancient tribes respected the power of the wind and began to carry totem poles with flutters for good luck in battle.A Chinese king's practice of having a flag carried ahead of him spread across Asia to Europe. Heraldic crests and colors combined with a standard rectangular shape to make a symbol with many uses.评分标准：每道题目分值均为1分，第一套12题2分，第二套15题3分，总分70分A级：50－70分，可以参加保分班课程；但需要满足阅读27个题目至少要有16分。