四级考题答案

Part I WritingDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the ou tline given below：1. 有些人愿意和父母居住在一起2. 有些人想自己独立居住3. 我的看法Styles of LivingPartⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and canning) Directions：In this part, you will have l 5 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1~7, choose the best answer from the your choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8～10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage?Fixing a World That Fosters ObesityEnvironment forstering obesityWhy are Americans getting fatter and fatter? The simple explanation is thatwe eat too much junk food and spend too much time in front of screens--be they television, phone or computer-to burn off all those empty calories.One handy prescription for healthier, lives is behavior modification. If people only ate more fresh produce. If only children exercised more. Unfortunately, behavior changes won’t work on their own without huge societal shifts, health experts say, because eating too much and exercising too little are merely symptoms of a muchlarger disease. The real problem is a landscape littered with inexpensive fast—food meals；much advertisingfor fatty, sugary products; inner cities that lack supermarkets; and unhealthy, high—stress workplaces. In other words, it’s the environment.“Everyone knows that you shouldn’t eat junk food and you should exercise,” says Kelly D. Brownell, the director of the Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity at Yale. “But the environment makes it so difficult that fewer people can do these things,and then you have a public health catastrophe.” Dr. Brown ell, who has a doctorate in psychology, is among a number of leading researchers who are proposing large-scale changes to food pricing, advertising and availability, all in the hope of creating an environmentfavorable to healthier diet and exercise choices. To that end, health researchers are grappling with how to fix systems that are the root causes of obesity, says Dee W. Edington, the director of the Health Management Research Center at the University of Michigan. “If you take a changed person and put them in the same environment, they are going to go back to the old behaviors,” says Dr. Edington, whohas a doctorate in physical education. “If you change the culture and the environment first, then you can go back into a healthy environment and, when you get change, it sticks.”Indeed, despite individual efforts by. some states：to tax soda pop, promote farm stands, require healthier school lunches or order calorie information in chain restaurants, obesity rates in the United States are growing. An estimated 72.5 million adults in the United States are obese, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Last year, about 27 percent of adults said they were obese, comparedwithabout 20 percent in 2000, as reported in a C. D. C. study published this month. And, the report said, obesitymay cost the medical system as much as $147 billion annually.Equalizing food priceSo what kind of changes might help nudge (促使) Americans into healthier routines? Equalizing food pricing, for one.Fast-food restaurants can charge lower prices for value meals of hamburgers and French fries than for salad because the government subsidizes the corn and soybeans used for animal feed and vegetable oil, says Barry Popkin, a professor of nutrition atthe Gillings School of Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. “We have made it more expensive to eat healthy in a very big way,” says Dr. Popkin, who has a doctorate in agricultural economics and is the author of a book called The World Is Fat：The Fads, Trends, Policies and Products That Are Fatteningthe Human Race.The inflation-adjusted price of a McDonald’s quarter-pounder with cheese, for example, fell 5.44 percent from l990 to 2007, according to an article on the economicsof child obesity published in the journal Heal th Affairs. But the inflation-adjusted price of fruit and vegetables, which are not subject to federal largess (赠与), rose l7 percent just from l997 to 2003, the study said. Cutting agricultural subsidies wouldhave a b ig impact on people’s eating habits, says Dr. Popkin. “If we cut the subsidy on whole milk and madeit cheaper only to drink low-fat milk, ” he says, “people would switch to it and it would save a lot ofcalories. ”Company keeping employees trom obesityHealth experts are also looking to the private sector. On-site fitness centres and vending machines that sell good-for-you snacks are practical workplace innovations that many companies have instituted。