Unit 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar —— 虚拟语气(2)

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2．错综条件句中的虚拟语气
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在错综条件句中，if 从句谓语动Leabharlann Baidu发生的时间与主句所假
设的谓语动词不一致。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照对应的时
间而定。
If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today. 如果昨天夜里下了雨，今天会很冷。(从句是对过去的假设， 主句是对现在的假设) If I were you, I would have chosen to take the job. 如果我是你，我当时就选择接受那份工作。(从句是对现在 的假设，主句是对过去的假设)
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[即时演练 1] (1)补全句子
①(2017·北京高考改编)If the new safety system had been put to use, the accident would never have happened. 如果新的安全系统投入使用，这次事故就不会发生了。 ②(2015·北京高考改编)If I hadn't seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it. 如果不是我亲眼看到，我是不会相信的。
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三、虚拟语气的其他用法
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1．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法
在 It is demanded/necessary/a pity ...＋that ...等结构的主语
从句中，谓语动词用“(should＋)do”，其中 should 可省略。
可用的三类词
suggested, ordered, required, demanded, requested, proposed, It is desired等
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(4)有时某些介词短语、副词或上下文可以表示虚拟条件，这种虚 拟语气叫 含蓄条件句 。(如例句④) (5)as if 引导的从句所表达的内容不是事实时，其谓语动词应用 虚拟语气 。(如例句⑤) (6)虚拟语气还用于某些 特殊句式(结构)中 。(如例句⑥、⑦和⑧)
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③(2014·江西高考改编)Thanks for your directions to the house; we wouldn't have found it otherwise. 谢谢你告诉我们怎么到达那所房子，要不然，我们会找不到的。 ④(2014·浙江高考改编)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they would have come to our help. 在我们进行这项调查的这几个月里他们在国外，要不然，他们 就会来帮助我们的。 ⑤(2013·北京高考改编)If we had booked a table earlier , we wouldn't be standing here in a queue. 如果我们早些预订餐桌，现在就不会站在这里排队了。
Section Ⅲ 语法图解
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Grammar— 虚拟语气(2)
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探究发现
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①If you had come earlier, you would not have missed the exciting scene in the movie. ②If you had told me the news yesterday, I wouldn't be so worried now. ③Had I left sooner, I would have been there on time. ④But for your advice, I would have failed. ⑤He treats the little girl as if she were his own daughter. ⑥It's high time that we began the work. ⑦It's necessary that we (should) learn English well. ⑧If only I had not been busy last week.
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[我的发现] (1) 在 表 示 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 的 虚 拟 语 气 时 ， 条 件 句 的 谓 语 动 词 用 “ had＋过去分词 ” 形 式 表 示 ， 而 主 句 谓 语 动 词 则 用 “would/should/might/could＋have＋过去分词”表示。(如例句①) (2)当条件句的谓语中有 had, were 或 should 时，可将 if 省略，同时 将 had, were 或 should 提到从句主语的前面，形成倒装。(如例句③) (3)当主从句所指的时间 不一致 时，其谓语动词应分别根据自己的 具体情况采用适当的形式。(如例句②)
important, necessary, natural, strange等
a pity, a shame等
that (should)＋do
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It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 有人建议推迟这个会议。 It is necessary that the problem (should) be discussed at once. 立刻讨论这个问题很有必要。
He walked as if he were drunk.
他走起路来像是喝醉了。
He talks as if he had been to many places in the world. 他谈起话来好像他去过世界上的很多地方似的。
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[名师点津] as if/though 也可以引导表语从句，根据情况也 常用虚拟语气。
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[即时演练 2] 补全句子 ①(2017·天津高考改编)—Do you have Betty's phone number? —Yes. Otherwise, I wouldn't have been able to reach her yesterday. ——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？ ——是的。否则，我昨天就不能联系到她了。 ②(2015·重庆高考改编)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway wouldn't have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 如果海明威没有战争经历的话，他就不会写出著名的小说《永别了， 武器》。
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③(2013·重庆高考改编)—It rained cats and dogs this morning. I'm glad we took an umbrella. —Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we hadn't. ——今天早上下了滂沱大雨。很高兴我们带了伞。 ——是的。要是我们没带的话就全身湿透了。
trouble.
—Well, you know we're friends. ——要不是你及时警告，我们也许已经陷入大的麻烦中了。
——好了，你知道我们是朋友啊。
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—Did you go to the lecture by the visiting professor? —No. I would have attended it, but I've been busy taking care of my grandma in hospital these days. ——你去听那个客座教授的讲座了吗？ ——没有。我本来要去听的，但这几天我一直忙着在医 院照看我奶奶。
If you had come earlier, you could have caught the bus. 假如你早来一点的话，你就有可能赶上公共汽车了。
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[名师点津] (1)在与过去事实相反的虚拟语气中，可以将条件 句中的 if 省略，把助动词 had 提前。
If I had worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. →Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded. 如果我当时努力学习的话，我肯定会成功。 (2)句型“Had it not been for ...”意为“当时要不是……”。 Had it not been for your timely help, we would have been lost in the forest. 当时要不是您及时的帮助，我们就可能在森林中迷失了方向。
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3．虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
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(1)在 as if/though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词用过去式
表示与现在相反；用过去完成式表示与过去相反等。
时间
谓语动词的虚拟形式
as if/as though
与过去相反 与现在相反 与将来相反
had＋过去分词
一般过去时(be动词用were) would/could/might＋动词原形
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一、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从句的谓语动词为 had ＋过去分词；主句的谓语动词为 would/should/could/might＋ have＋过去分词。 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ) 三年前如果有人告诉我我将大部分周末用来去野营，我会 开怀大笑。
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二、虚拟语气的特殊用法
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1．含蓄条件句的虚拟语气
有时在虚拟语气中假设的情况并不是以条件状语从句表示出
来，而是通过一个介词、介词短语、连词、分词短语或其他方式表
示。常用的表达有：without, but for, otherwise, or 及 but 等。
—But for your timely warning, we would have got into great
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2．虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法 在 suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision 等 需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中，要使用虚拟 语气。其谓语动词应用“(should＋)do”，其中 should 可以省略。 My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him at once. 我的建议是我们应该立刻去帮助他。 It is our idea that she (should) go to America for further education. 我们的看法是她应该去美国进修。
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(2)把下面的句子改为倒装句 ①(2015·江苏高考改编)It might have saved me some trouble if I had known the schedule. → It might have saved me some trouble had I known the schedule. ②If he had caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting. → Had he caught the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.