F16 Aggresor(F16战斗机) 操作手册
F-16降落指南
VIPER飞行员学习F-16降落的方法绪论自从F4发行以来，如何适当的降落就是人们感到最困难的问题之一。
这本指南就是为这些人写的可以在F4中实际使用的降落技巧。
当然，这只是给初学者的指南。
许多人能降落但不能以安全或简单的方法降落。
我在学习其它系统前一直进行了差不多一年的降落训练。
我练习如何使用这个新的系统进行降落，这个系统我参考了真正的F-16飞行员和真正的飞机使用的降落。
你会发现一些地方是有所不同的。
如果你对降落就象真正的F-16飞行员那样有兴趣，那么就阅读一下这本指南吧。
或许大多数人在F4中降落时都很注意它们的FPM和空速。
但我在进场时不考虑空速，而是注意AOA括弧。
通过使用FPM和AOA括弧，你可以在任何重量下不监视空速就进行非常好的降落。
当然，事实上你也可以看到下面的任何截图上都没有空速！一旦你处于下滑道上，同时你的空速低到可以放下起落架，你就可以忽视空速，只要注意FPM和跑道的位置关系和AOA括弧。
只要你跟着适当的程序进行降落，你的空速就会自动达到准确的位置。
下面的图显示了FPM和AOA括弧。
两者都在红方框内：FPM和AOA括弧你会很熟悉FPM，但你不一定熟悉AOA括弧。
AOA括弧在HUD上显示为一个括弧，以指出你的攻角（飞行的方向– FPM –和机鼻方向–机炮十字）。
它通常在你放下起落架后出现。
如果FPM在AOA括弧上方，那么你的攻角就低于11度。
如果FPM在括弧的顶部（上图所示），那么就是11度攻角（AOA）。
如果在中间为13度AOA（降落的最佳AOA），底部就是15°AOA（对于安全降落来说这个AOA太高）。
这个指南分成两个部分。
第一部分叫做F-16降落，而第二部分是熄火降落。
在学习熄火降落前你应该知道基本的降落规则。
F-16的降落现在开始讨论。
当接近跑道到几海里距离时，放下刹车让速度低于250节。
待安全后放下起落架。
截取下滑道–刹车打开起落架放下你会希望以2.5到3度下滑。
F16Aggresor（F16战斗机）操作手册
F16Aggresor（F16战⽃机）操作⼿册F16 操作⼿册============飞⾏控制键===================副翼-----------------------------------[左右⽅向键]安定升降⾯-----------------------------[上下⽅向键]尾舵-----------------------------------[,][.]开/关空⽓煞车--------------------------[B]开/关轮煞车----------------------------[W]0%节流阀-------------------------------[Shift][`]10~90%节流阀---------------------------[Shift][1]~[9]100%节流阀-----------------------------[Shift][0]增加节流阀1%---------------------------[+](如果已经是100%节流阀，则增加后燃器的推⼒等级) 降低节流阀1%---------------------------[-](如果后燃器已开启，则降低后燃器的推⼒等级)切换发动机状态(开/关)------------------[Shift][E]开/关襟翼------------------------------[/]收起/放下起落架------------------------[G]⾃动飞⾏模式---------------------------[A]⾃动降落模式---------------------------[L]降低后燃器的推⼒-----------------------[Z]增加后燃器的推⼒-----------------------[X]==================武器/反制系统控制键=============== 施放⽕球-------------------------------[F]施放⼲扰丝-----------------------------[C]发射机炮-------------------------------[M]发射⽬前选择的武器---------------------[空格键][反向]/正向切换武器的选择--------------[Shift][Enter]开/关锁定友军武器保险机制--------------[Shift][F]强⾏重新装填(只适⽤⽴即⾏动)-----------[Alt][R]========================僚机控制键================== 僚机攻击我的⽬标-----------------------[Ctrl][F1]飞⾏⼩队攻击我的⽬标-------------------[Ctrl][F2]飞⾏中队攻击我的⽬标-------------------[Ctrl][F3]僚机重组队形---------------------------[Ctrl][F4]在右侧并肩飞⾏-------------------------[Ctrl][F5]在左侧并肩飞⾏-------------------------[Ctrl][F6]排成纵队飞⾏---------------------------[Ctrl][F7]排成右斜梯形飞⾏-----------------------[Ctrl][F8]排成左斜梯形飞⾏-----------------------[Ctrl][F9]集中队形-------------------------------[Ctrl][F10]散开队形-------------------------------[Ctrl][F11]====================座舱系统控制键================== 导航(NAV)HUD(抬头显⽰屏)模式-----------[1] CCIP前指定HUD模式----------------------[2]CCIP后指定HUD模式----------------------[3]电⼦光学(EO)HUD模式--------------------[4]飞弹(MSLS)HUD模式----------------------[5]前置计算光学准星(LCOS)HUD模式----------[6]扫射(STRF)HUD模式----------------------[7]反雷达飞弹(ARM)HUD模式-----------------[8]缠⽃(DGFT)HUD模式----------------------[9]降落(LND)HUD模式-----------------------[0][反向]/正向切换HUD模式-----------------([Shift])[H][反向]/正向切换导航点/武器-------------([Shift])[Tab](视HUD模式⽽定)切换抬头显⽰屏的颜⾊-------------------[Ctrl][H][降低]/提⾼抬头显⽰屏反噪声等级--------([Shift])[U]放⼤抬头显⽰屏-------------------------右数字键[+]缩⼩抬头显⽰屏-------------------------右数字键[-]将抬头显⽰屏回到默认值-----------------右数字键反向切换雷达范围-----------------------[Del]正向切换雷达范围-----------------------[Ins]辨识物体(现在的⽬标)-------------------[I]切换真实/指⽰空速----------------------[Ctrl][A]切换⾼度计模式(⽓压/雷达)--------------[J]切换多功能显⽰屏(MFD)在屏幕的位置------[V][反向]/正向切换左侧多功能显⽰屏的模式--([Shift])[[][反向]/正向切换右侧多功能显⽰屏的模式--([Shift])[]]切换多功能显⽰屏的颜⾊-----------------[Ctrl][M]开/关Batchin' Betty系统---------------[Ctrl][B]弹射警告-------------------------------[Esc]弹射-----------------------------------[Esc][Esc]====================显⽰系统控制键================== 切换抬头显⽰屏的颜⾊-------------------[Ctrl][H]切换多功能显⽰屏的颜⾊-----------------[Ctrl][M]切换提⽰讯息的颜⾊---------------------[Ctrl][N]切换多功能显⽰屏(MFD)在屏幕的位置------[V]==============摄影机(检视位置)控制键================== 座舱内部视野---------------------------[F1]外部全区视野---------------------------[F2]外部区域视野---------------------------[F3]游戏视野-------------------------------[F4]尾追视野-------------------------------[F5]武器视野-------------------------------[F6]观看⽬前的⽬标-------------------------[F7]只显⽰HUD------------------------------[F9]加⼤/减少摄影机的焦距------------------右数字键[+]/[-]切换到预先定义的座舱视野---------------右数字键[1]~[9](仅适⽤内部视野)绕着物体旋转摄影机---------------------右数字键[1]~[9](仅适⽤外部视野)0度视野--------------------------------[Ctrl][上⽅向键]180度视野------------------------------[Ctrl][下⽅向键]270度视野------------------------------[Ctrl][左⽅向键]90度视野-------------------------------[Ctrl][右⽅向键]=====================物体视野控制键================== 同类型的下个物体-----------------------[Shift][N]反向切换⽬前的物体类型(玩者、地⾯、空中)--[Shift][,]正向切换⽬前的物体类型(玩者、地⾯、空中)--[Shift][.]观看发射出去的武器---------------------[F6]观看⽬前的⽬标-------------------------[F7]=====================游戏控制键======================= 暂停-----------------------------------[P]或[Pause]再多⼈模式中送出交谈讯息---------------[Alt][M]。
飞机使用手册
AR.Drone 完整手册目录安全预防措施 (1)癫痫患者的注意事项 (1)经重复动作造成的伤害和视觉疲劳 (1)警告 (2)使用和保养 (2)电池使用的相关注意事项充电 (2) (3)使用和储存回收 (3) (3)附加电池－防假冒保护开始前 (4)包装内物件清单 (4)应用程序下载首次使用注意事项 (6)电池电池充电 (6)安装电池 (7) (7)检查 iPhone 的电量水平。
(7)室内使用 (8)室外使用 (8)将 iPhone与 AR.Drone 连接激活飞行模式 (8)将 iPhone 连接到 AR.Drone 的 Wi-Fi 网络上 (9)配合多个 iPhone 使用 AR.Drone (9) (10)LEDs (10)LED 灯的类型马达 LED 灯 (10)LED 灯系统 (11) (11)选项基础设置 (11)高级设置 (12) (13)遇到问题时的章节检查 AR.Drone 的 IP 地址 (13)清除 Wi-Fi 网络 (14)关闭 Wi-Fi 模式 (15)删除 AR.Drone 内存记忆 (15)重新启动 AR.Drone (16)自由飞行 (17)开始前 (17)iPhone的定位在 iPhone 上的手位 (17) (18)LED 灯的颜色设置 (18) (18)驾驶起飞 (18)状态图标 (18)驾驶 (19) (20)摄像头转换着陆 (20)紧急按钮 (21) (21)重启按钮 (21)使用时联机中断距离 (21)电池 (21)电话/短信息 (21)日历备忘录 (22)应用程序中断 (22) (22)错误信息启动问题 (22) (23)警示信息紧急报警信息 (23)安全预防措施安全事项：使用A R.D r one或者让孩子使用A R.D r one之前，请务必仔细阅读相关注意事项，忽视任何信息将可能会造成意外。
无视这些建议可能导致受伤。
癫痫患者的注意事项有部份人仕（大约为1/4000）在受到强烈光线刺激时可能会引发癫痫或者失去意识，例如：在看电视或进行电动游戏时的画面快速切换、光亮等，即使以前没有相关的病历或者癫痫经历。
手把手教你如何把F16飞起来
手把手教你如何把从台湾偷来的F-16降落厦门机场F-16是台湾现有的主力战机，也是台海统一的绊脚石之一。
如果能有人搞到几架F-16用来进行对抗训练的话那将善莫大焉。
对我国空军实力的进步肯定大大有利。
于是这次我准备交给大家如何盗窃一架F-16。
首先当然是盗窃的准备工作，不过很可惜小子不才对此方面不太精通。
这里就不露脸献丑了，如果有那位大虾精通此道的话希望贡献知识以便补完该教程。
不过其实这个阶段大体上就是观察规律，秘密潜入，或者金钱诱惑美女色诱之类。
航展上借机靠近飞机也是可能的。
但是飞机就是飞机，就算你找到机会坐进座舱你也带不走它。
于是这里我将为大家详细介绍第二步的具体操作方法：如何起飞一架F-16。
1：调节图1中的开关1。
将parking break调至ON位置，煞紧起落架。
2：调节图2中的开关1。
将electrics开关调至main power，以打开飞机航电系统电源。
3：调节图2中的开关2。
将master light开关调至on，打开主灯。
（鉴于这是盗窃行为可以省略以免被发现）4：调节图2中的开关3。
将anti collision lights调至on，打开放撞等。
这一步在白天以及盗窃的情况下可以免除。
5：调节图2中的开关组4。
将wing trail and fuselage lights调至brt。
这样灯光最亮。
以便编队中其它飞机观察。
6：调节图2中的开关5。
将lights 调至flash。
灯光设置暂时完成了。
（记住这几个等你可能没打开，回到祖国上空时一定要打开阿。
不然被别人撞下来可别来找我索赔）7：调节图2中的开关6。
将master fuel调至on。
打开飞机油路。
（不然看你怎么打开发动机）8：调节图2中的开关7。
将engin fuel feed 调至norm。
向发动机供油。
9：调节图3中的开关1。
将airsource 调至norm。
打开空调系统为驾驶舱供氧。
这点只要你是地球人就不要忘掉，不然飞到天上憋死你。
ASM焊线机F16 功能菜单说明
2
在舊的 looping 控制中影響 looping correction, (LC) Portability Parameters X(LCF) will used for final wire feed Portability 在舊的 looping 控制中，Slope 解決長線弧的補償。 Parameters 指停留多少時間後打火 Head time 是指在下一條線 first search height BH 和 XY 的一 致性。 一般設定 “Auto”.因為速度提高， 使用都可以設定為5-8， 但是須要確定 bonding 的的結果 當 XY 抵達下一條線的 first bond 的位置，機台將自動計算，在 5-8ms 前 BH 將開始由 fir e fire level 移到 search height 的位置
ASM
811 高雄市楠梓加工出口區東三街 4-2 號 1090 10900 10901 10902 10903 Bond Parameter Loop Control Factor 1000 LP Ctrl Factor Slope 0 EFO delay Head Time 5 5 Menu
Taiwan
5
1090846 109085 109086 10909 1090A 1090A0 1090A1 1090A2 1090A3 1090A4
Display Sampling Results EFO Time Adjustment EFO Time Calc Method Unit of Loop Parameter More Angle Wire Compensation
Angle wire Compensation –假如設定為 yes ，角落線將有一個 補償的 profile
F16战斗机游戏的操作控制键说明
ALT+4:向右散开并攻击敌人
ALT+5:向左散开并攻击敌人
ALT+6:保护我所保护的目标
ALT+7:掩护我所掩护的飞机
ALT+8:掩护我
ALT+9:返回基地
PAUSE:暂停
K:得分
O:任务与目标
P:输入游戏者的姓名
ESC:退出游戏 �
D:火球干扰弹
CTRL+K:抛弃当前武器
3:下一种空空导弹
4:下一种空地导弹
5:下一种炸弹
2:选择机炮
1:选择武器
`:选择下一种武器
ENTER:选定目标
]:选择下一个目标
W:对僚机发令
ALT+0:向我靠拢
ALT+1:采用躲避机动
ALT+2:攻击敌人
CTRL+6:关闭右引擎
CTRL+ +:右引擎油门加大
CTRL+E:弹射
HOME:打开降落伞
H:飞回基地
/:增亮抬头显示仪颜色
.:减弱抬头显示仪颜色
小键盘+:向后看
小键盘-:向前看
小键盘/:向左看
小键盘*:向右看
Z:机炮开火
SPACE:发射当前武器
Y:最近接受的讯息
DEL:左转弯
PAGE DOWN:右转弯
M:显示战术情况
BACKSPACE:打开加力
9:巡航时用油门
8:着陆时用油门
7:最近油门
6:关闭引擎
SHIFT+9:左引擎打开所有加力
DCS F-16CM战斗机 中文指南 17.3空中加油3
29.与加油机飞行编队，允许加油臂操作员将加油臂引导到飞机驾驶舱后面
的加油口。
471
30.当连接建立后，加油臂操作员一代会宣布“contact联系”和“you are taking fuel你正在加油”。
31.AR/NWS灯将照明。
监视传输燃油在HUD（平视显示器）和BNGO DED（数据输入显示）页面。
32.使用参考点，如发动机和中心线，保持飞机与加油机对准。
这将帮助你评估你的飞机是否漂移。
一次只能校正一个轴。
472
参考资料：Redkite雷德凯特的F-16空对空加油教程
33.加油程序将在“DISC”（断开）警告灯亮起时完成。
34.如果你想在这之前断开连接，按你的HOTAS操纵杆上的“前轮转向A/R断开”按钮（或“S”键绑定），将加油臂从燃油收
集器门上打开。
35.关闭AIR REFUEL空中加油活门，恢复飞行。
注意：未能关闭活门可能导致飞机无法使用外部油箱的燃油。
35
NWS A/R DISC和MSL STEP按钮
A/R：当在飞行中且空气加油开关处于OPEN打开
位置时，按下按钮可断开加油臂闭锁
473 参考资料：雷德凯特的F-16空对空加油教程
474。
F16 Aggresor(F16战斗机) 操作手册
F16 操作手册============飞行控制键===================副翼-----------------------------------[左右方向键]安定升降面-----------------------------[上下方向键]尾舵-----------------------------------[,][.]开/关空气煞车--------------------------[B]开/关轮煞车----------------------------[W]0%节流阀-------------------------------[Shift][`]10~90%节流阀---------------------------[Shift][1]~[9]100%节流阀-----------------------------[Shift][0]增加节流阀1%---------------------------[+](如果已经是100%节流阀，则增加后燃器的推力等级) 降低节流阀1%---------------------------[-](如果后燃器已开启，则降低后燃器的推力等级)切换发动机状态(开/关)------------------[Shift][E]开/关襟翼------------------------------[/]收起/放下起落架------------------------[G]自动飞行模式---------------------------[A]自动降落模式---------------------------[L]降低后燃器的推力-----------------------[Z]增加后燃器的推力-----------------------[X]==================武器/反制系统控制键=============== 施放火球-------------------------------[F]施放干扰丝-----------------------------[C]发射机炮-------------------------------[M]发射目前选择的武器---------------------[空格键][反向]/正向切换武器的选择--------------[Shift][Enter]开/关锁定友军武器保险机制--------------[Shift][F]强行重新装填(只适用立即行动)-----------[Alt][R]========================僚机控制键================== 僚机攻击我的目标-----------------------[Ctrl][F1]飞行小队攻击我的目标-------------------[Ctrl][F2]飞行中队攻击我的目标-------------------[Ctrl][F3]僚机重组队形---------------------------[Ctrl][F4]在右侧并肩飞行-------------------------[Ctrl][F5]在左侧并肩飞行-------------------------[Ctrl][F6]排成纵队飞行---------------------------[Ctrl][F7]排成右斜梯形飞行-----------------------[Ctrl][F8]排成左斜梯形飞行-----------------------[Ctrl][F9]集中队形-------------------------------[Ctrl][F10]散开队形-------------------------------[Ctrl][F11]====================座舱系统控制键================== 导航(NAV)HUD(抬头显示屏)模式-----------[1]CCIP前指定HUD模式----------------------[2]CCIP后指定HUD模式----------------------[3]电子光学(EO)HUD模式--------------------[4]飞弹(MSLS)HUD模式----------------------[5]前置计算光学准星(LCOS)HUD模式----------[6]扫射(STRF)HUD模式----------------------[7]反雷达飞弹(ARM)HUD模式-----------------[8]缠斗(DGFT)HUD模式----------------------[9]降落(LND)HUD模式-----------------------[0][反向]/正向切换HUD模式-----------------([Shift])[H][反向]/正向切换导航点/武器-------------([Shift])[Tab](视HUD模式而定)切换抬头显示屏的颜色-------------------[Ctrl][H][降低]/提高抬头显示屏反噪声等级--------([Shift])[U]放大抬头显示屏-------------------------右数字键[+]缩小抬头显示屏-------------------------右数字键[-]将抬头显示屏回到默认值-----------------右数字键反向切换雷达范围-----------------------[Del]正向切换雷达范围-----------------------[Ins]辨识物体(现在的目标)-------------------[I]切换真实/指示空速----------------------[Ctrl][A]切换高度计模式(气压/雷达)--------------[J]切换多功能显示屏(MFD)在屏幕的位置------[V][反向]/正向切换左侧多功能显示屏的模式--([Shift])[[][反向]/正向切换右侧多功能显示屏的模式--([Shift])[]]切换多功能显示屏的颜色-----------------[Ctrl][M]开/关Batchin' Betty系统---------------[Ctrl][B]弹射警告-------------------------------[Esc]弹射-----------------------------------[Esc][Esc]====================显示系统控制键================== 切换抬头显示屏的颜色-------------------[Ctrl][H]切换多功能显示屏的颜色-----------------[Ctrl][M]切换提示讯息的颜色---------------------[Ctrl][N]切换多功能显示屏(MFD)在屏幕的位置------[V]==============摄影机(检视位置)控制键================== 座舱内部视野---------------------------[F1]外部全区视野---------------------------[F2]外部区域视野---------------------------[F3]游戏视野-------------------------------[F4]尾追视野-------------------------------[F5]武器视野-------------------------------[F6]观看目前的目标-------------------------[F7]只显示HUD------------------------------[F9]加大/减少摄影机的焦距------------------右数字键[+]/[-]切换到预先定义的座舱视野---------------右数字键[1]~[9](仅适用内部视野)绕着物体旋转摄影机---------------------右数字键[1]~[9](仅适用外部视野)0度视野--------------------------------[Ctrl][上方向键]180度视野------------------------------[Ctrl][下方向键]270度视野------------------------------[Ctrl][左方向键]90度视野-------------------------------[Ctrl][右方向键]=====================物体视野控制键================== 同类型的下个物体-----------------------[Shift][N]反向切换目前的物体类型(玩者、地面、空中)--[Shift][,]正向切换目前的物体类型(玩者、地面、空中)--[Shift][.]观看发射出去的武器---------------------[F6]观看目前的目标-------------------------[F7]=====================游戏控制键======================= 暂停-----------------------------------[P]或[Pause]再多人模式中送出交谈讯息---------------[Alt][M]。
DCS F-16CM VIPER毒蛇 中文指南 8飞行与空气动力学
147第8部分-飞行与空气动力学F -16CV I P E R148第8部分-飞行与空气动力学F -16CV I P E R最大起飞重量：48000磅飞行包线服务上限：59000+英尺空气动力学与飞机极限空速限制最大空速（VNE ）：海平面800 kts 或30000 ft 以上马赫数2.05顶篷或运输中：70 kts （包括地面风速）起落架伸出或运输中：300 kts/Mach 0.65（取较小值）加油门打开/关闭：400 kts/Mach 0.85（取较小值）加油门打开：400 kts/Mach 0.95（取较小值）在剧烈颠簸中飞行（+3 G ）：500 kts 侧风极限：25 kts G 限值飞机的结构限制为+9g/-3g 。
起飞和着陆：对称装船+4 G/0 G 非对称装船+2.0 G/0 G 起落架收放：对称装船+4 G/0 G 非对称装船+2.0 G/0 G如果起落架手柄上升到接近300 kts 的2Gs 附近，致动器功率可能不足以完全收回起落架，直到G 载荷系数降低负G 限值（两个储液罐均满）加力燃烧室推力：10秒MIL （军用）推力或以下：30秒如果加力燃烧室在负G 状态下接合超过5秒（或在零G 状态下接合超过12秒），则可能发生发动机熄火。
重量限制1491.确保显示CNI （通信、导航和识别）DED 页面，可通过按多臂开关左（RTN ）选择。
2.RDR ALT （雷达高度表）开关应设置为ON （前）以便ALOW 系统激活。
3.按ICP （集成控制面板）上的ALOW （2）按钮选择ALOW 页面4.高度限制可在您选择的转向点上，可通过DED 增量/减量开关进行选择。
5.CARA ALOW （组合高度雷达高度表-高度低）用作低空飞行的警告设置。
当低于此高度设置时，“AL ”符号闪烁，VMS （语音信息系统）发出听觉“ALTITUDE 高度”呼叫。
6.MSL FLOOR 是您的最低安全楼层，用作进近的警告设置。
DCS F-16CM VIPER毒蛇 战斗机 中文指南 16.4转向点
转向点Tadpole蝌蚪5–转向点5.1–转向点导航5.1.3–导航教程直线指向转向点（向上=在您前面/向下=在您后面）。
Steerpoint转向点在我们前面的左边。
转向点菱形有叉的菱形表示STPT超出了HUD的视野。
转向点在我们前面的左边。
6.按下“M”（EHSI模式选择器）按钮在模式之间切换，将EHSI（电子水平态势指示器）导航模式设置为NAV。
7.如果要从特定方向截获转向点，使用CRS旋钮设置所需航向。
在我们的情况下，我们将把截获航向保留到000。
8.确认在抬头显示器（HUD）上选择了NAV Master Mode（导航主模式）。
如果选择A-A或A-G模式，按下各自的ICP按钮将使主模式返回NAV。
9.到转向点的方向和范围在HUD上显示。
参考Diamond菱形和Tadpole蝌蚪符号。
10.到转向点的方向和范围也显示在EHSI上。
转向点方向8距离提供/斜距（nm）B：使用转向点高度/气压高度计算的航程7TTG（到达时间）到转向点的距离(nm) >选择的转向点数字A-A主模式ICP按钮A-A主模式ICP按钮429到转向点的距离(nm) 65–转向点转向点蝌蚪直线指向转向点（向上=在您前面/向下=在您后面）。
5.1–转向点导航5.1.3–导航教程FPM（飞行轨迹标记）11.通过将转向点Tadpole蝌蚪与FPM（飞行轨迹标记）对齐，朝选定的方向飞行。
转向点菱形菱形表示STPT在HUD视野内，转向点在我们前面。
转向点方向选定的转向点4305–转向点5.1–转向点导航5.1.3–导航教程转向点Tadpole蝌蚪表示法指向转向点1的蝌蚪指向转向点2的蝌蚪指向转向点3的蝌蚪STPT 3STPT 2STPT 6STPT转向点1指向转向点4的蝌蚪指向转向点5的蝌蚪指向转向点6的蝌蚪你STPT 4STPT 54315–转向点5.1–转向点导航5.1.4–通过HSD或FCR选择转向点截至2020/04/27，在DCS F-16中，不能使用FCR（火控雷达）页面或HSD（水平态势显示）页面选择转向点。
☆F16飞行员培训手册3-3（英文原版）
☆F16飞行员培训手册3-3（英文原版）BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE INSTRUCTION 11-2F-16,VOLUME 330 SEPTEMBER 2005Flying OperationsF-16--OPERATIONS PROCEDURESCOMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available on the e-Publishing website at for downloading or ordering.RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.OPR:HQ ACC/DOTO Certified by:HQ USAF/XOO(Maj Gen Michael S. Kudlacz) Supersedes AFI11-2F-16V3, 1 July 1999Pages:105 This volume implements AFPD 11-2, Aircraft Rules and Procedures; AFPD 11-4, Aviation Service; and AFI 11-202V3, General Flight Rules. It applies to all F-16 units. MAJCOM/DRU/FOA-level supple-ments to this volume are to be approved prior to publication IAW AFPD 11-2. Copies of MAJCOM/ DRU/FOA-level supplements, after approved and published, will be provided by the issuing MAJCOM/ DRU/FOA to HQ AFFSA/XOF, HQ ACC/XOFT, and the user MAJCOM and ANG offices of primary responsibility. Field units below MAJCOM/DRU/FOA level will forward copies of theirsupplements to this publication to their parent MAJCOM/DRU/FOA office of primary responsibility for post publication review. NOTE: The terms direct reporting unit (DRU) and field operating agency (FOA) as used in this paragraph refer only to those DRUs/FOAs that report directly to HQ USAF. Keep supplements current by complying with AFI 33-360V1, Publications Management Program. See paragraph 1.4. of this vol-ume for guidance on submitting comments and suggesting improvements to this publication. This publi-cation is affected by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1974 as amended in 1996. Maintain and dispose of records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publication in accordance with AFMAN 37-139, Records Disposition Schedule.This volume, with its complementary unit-specific Local Procedures Supplement, prescribes standard operational and weapons employment procedures to be used by all pilots operating USAF F-16 aircraft. USAFAWC aircraft may deviate from the contents of this volume as outlined in individually approved test plans required for Test and Evaluation purposes. File a copy of all approved waivers with this vol-ume.This volume contains references to the following field (subordinate level) publications which, until con-verted to departmental-level publications, may be obtained from the respective MAJCOM publishing office:Publications: MCR 55-125 (ACC)Note: This publication incorporates all using MAJCOMs' Sup 1 using the paragraph supplementation method. Supplemental material is prefaced with (MAJCOM).SUMMARY OF CHANGESThis revision incorporates Interim Change IC 2005-1.Changes include: Revises Low Thrust on Takeoff/ At Low Altitude CAPs; updates OPR information; approval authority and review of standards; adds PFPS/Sectional Chart use during mission planning for VFR flight or flight inside a military training route (MTR); incorporates SII guidance on aviation fundamentals; clarifies use of briefing term “standard”; incorporates previous PACAF-only mission guidance for multiple-go days; adds G-awareness exercise guidance; adds guidance for flight below 10,000 MSL; clarifies formation deconfliction contracts; autho-rizes manual extension of trailing edge flaps for Air Sovereignty tasked missions and low/slow VID train-ing; restricts use of data link fuel status for fuel checks; adds night G-awareness exercise guidance; adds restrictions for targeting pod use at minimum altitude; adds LANTIRN HUD/FLIR failure guidance; authorizes quick flow air refueling procedures; adds new guidance for NVGs during takeoffs and land-ings; corrects true airspeed criteria for Category D missed approaches; deletes PACAF requirement for flight lead to call new heading and navaid fix during no-radar contact trail departures; revises trail recov-ery procedures; adds unlimited maneuvering with CAT III aircraft considerations; deletes PACAF no-LANTIRN (no-TFR) minimum night weapons delivery altitude restrictions; revises pilot guidance for aircraft malfunctions on the ground; revises air abort criteria; corrects Combat Edge (CE) definition; revises special subject briefing guide items; adds special operating instructions and rules of engagement to general briefing guide. A bar ( | ) indicates a revision from the previous edition. The entire text of the IC is at the last attachment.Chapter 1— INTRODUCTION61.1.General: (6)1.2.Tech Data (6)1.3.Waivers (6)1.4.Volume Changes (6)1.5.Distribution (6)Chapter 2— MISSION PLANNING72.1.Responsibilities (7)2.2.General Procedures: (7)2.3.Takeoff and Landing Data: (7)2.4.Map/Chart Preparation: (7)2.5.Briefing/Debriefing: (9)2.6.Unit Developed Checklists/Local Pilot Aids: (10) 2.7.(USAFE) F-16D Operations (11)2.8.(USAFE) Airfield Requirements. (11)Chapter 3— NORMAL OPERATING PROCEDURES12 3.1.Ground Visual Signals (12)3.2.Preflight: (12)3.3.Ground/Taxi Operations: (13)3.4.Flight Lineup (14)3.5.Before Takeoff Checks (14)3.6.Takeoff: (14)3.7.Formation Takeoff: (14)3.8.Join-up/Rejoin: (15)3.9.Formation, General: (16)3.10.Tactical Formations: (17)3.11.Chase Formation: (19)3.12.Show Formation (19)3.13.Maneuvering Parameters: (19)3.14.Ops Checks: (20)3.15.Radio Procedures (21)3.16.Change of Aircraft Control (22)3.17.General Low Altitude Procedures: (22)NTIRN Operations: (24)3.19.Air Refueling: (25)3.20.Night Operational Procedures: (26)3.21.Night Vision Goggles (NVG) Procedures: (27)3.22.Fuel Requirements: (29)3.23.Approaches and Landings: (30)3.24.Overhead Traffic Patterns: (30)3.25.Tactical Overhead Traffic Patterns (31)3.26.Touch-and-Go Landings: (31)3.27.Low Approaches: (31)3.28.Closed Traffic Patterns (31)3.29.Back Seat Approaches and Landings: (32)3.30.Formation Approaches and Landings: (32)e of Altimeters: (32)3.32.(USAFE) Wind and Sea State Restrictions (33)Table 3.1.(USAFE) Weather Minimums Summary (In Feet/KM) (33)Chapter 4— INSTRUMENT PROCEDURES344.1.Instrument Approach: (34)4.2.Takeoff and Join-up: (34)4.3.Trail Procedures: (34)4.4.Formation Break-up (37)4.5.Formation Penetration: (37)4.6.Formation Approach (37)4.7.Simulated Instrument Flight (37)e of the Heads Up Display (HUD): (37)4.9.Airborne Radar Approach (ARA): (37)Chapter 5— AIR-TO-AIR WEAPONS EMPLOYMENT395.1.References (39)5.2.Simulated Gun Employment (39)5.3.Maneuvering Limitations: (39)Chapter 6— AIR-TO-SURFACE WEAPONS EMPLOYMENT40 6.1.References (40)6.2.Off-Range Attacks (40)6.3.Weather Minimums (40)6.4.Pop-Up Attacks (40)6.5.Night Weapons Delivery/Range Operations (40)NTIRN Weapons Delivery/Range Operations (40)6.7.Target Identification (41)6.8.Live Ordnance Procedures: (41)6.9.Strafe Procedures: (41)Chapter 7— ABNORMAL OPERATING PROCEDURES427.1.General (42)7.2.Ground Aborts: (42)7.3.Takeoff Aborts: (43)7.4.Air Aborts: (43)7.5.Radio Failure: (43)7.6.Severe Weather Penetration (45)7.7.Lost Wingman Procedures (45)7.8.Spatial Disorientation (46)7.9.Armament System Malfunctions: (47)7.10.Post Arresting Gear Engagement Procedures: (49)7.11.In-flight Practice of Emergency Procedures: (49)7.12.Search and Rescue (SAR) Procedures (50)7.13.Critical Action Procedures (CAPs) (50)Chapter 8— LOCAL PROCEDURES SUPPLEMENT518.1.General (51)8.2.Local Operating Procedures (51)Attachment 1—GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES ANDSUPPORTING INFORMATION 53 Attachment 2—FLIGHT BRIEFING GUIDES 58 Attachment 3—CRITICAL ACTION PROCEDURES (CAPs) 95 Attachment 4— IC 2005-1 TO AFI 11-2F-16V3, F-16-OPERATIONS PROCEDURES 98INTRODUCTION1.1. General:1.1.1. Scope. This volume outlines the procedures applicable to the safe operation of the F-16. Withthe complementary references cited, this volume prescribes standard operational procedures to be used by all USAF F-16 pilots.1.1.2. Pilot's Responsibility. This volume, in conjunction with other governing directives, prescribesoperations procedures for F-16 under most circumstances, but is not to be used as a substitute for sound judgment or common sense. Operations or procedures not specifically addressed may be accomplished if they enhance safe and effective mission accomplishment1.1.3. Deviations. Deviations from these procedures require specific approval of the MAJCOM/DOunless an urgent requirement or an aircraft emergency dictate otherwise, in which case the pilot in command will take the appropriate action to safely recover the aircraft.1.1.4. References. The primary references for F-16 operations are T.O.s 1F-16-1, 1F-16-1-1,1F-16-1-2, 1-1C-1, 1-1C-1-30, AFTTP 3-1V5, Tactical Employment--F-16; AFTTP 3-3V5, Combat Aircraft Fundamentals--F-16; AFI 11-214, Aircrew, Weapons Director, and Terminal Attack Con-troller Procedures for Air Operations; andthis volume. Training units may develop phase manuals from the procedures contained in these documents. Phase manuals may be used to augment initial and mission qualification training at operational units. Phase manuals may expand these basic procedures;in no case will they be less restrictive.1.2. Tech Data. Personnel will not operate new equipment or modified aircraft without properly vali-dated and verified tech data in accordance with 00-5 series T.O.s. If properly procured and verified tech data does not accompany new equipment or aircraft modifications delivered to the field, personnel will not accept these aircraft or modified equipment. Red line (Mark-up) copies are not acceptable. Excep-tions to this policy are extremely limited and must be authorized by MAJCOM through DO and LG func-tional managers. PACAF waiver authority is FW/CC.1.3. Waivers. Waiver requests will be forwarded through appropriate channels to the applicable MAJ-COM/DO for approval. Waivers, if approved, will be issued for a maximum of one year from the effec-tive date. Information copies of approved waivers will be provided to the lead and user MAJCOM OPRs for this volume.1.4. Volume Changes. Send recommended changes to this publication on AF Form 847, Recommenda-tion for Change of Publication, through channels, to HQ ACC/XOFT, 205 Dodd Blvd, Suite 101, Lan-gley AFB V A 23665-2789.1.5. Distribution. Each F-16 pilot is authorized a copy of this volume.MISSION PLANNING2.1. Responsibilities. The pilot in command of each aircraftand the designated flight lead are ultimately responsible for mission planning. The operations and intelligence functions will provide supplemental planning material and information as required to effectively accomplish the assigned mission.2.2. General Procedures:2.2.1. Accomplish sufficient flight planning to ensure safe mission accomplishment to include fuelrequirements, map preparation, and takeoff/landing data.2.2.2. Plan and fly with sufficient ground attack planning information to conduct the attack safely.This may include stick diagrams, attack parameters, and/or unit developed attack cards.2.2.3. (PACAF) Planned flights over water outside the local training area (e.g., deployments, crosscountries, and PDM inputs) will be accomplished two-ship as a minimum. Single-ship over water flights require wing commander approval.2.2.4. (PACAF) F-16s will carry an Acceleration Monitoring Device (AMD) to the maximum extentpossible. AMD carriage is not always possible or desired, but AMDs should be carried when sched-uled and mission requirements permit. OG/CC is approval authority for flights without AMD pods.2.2.5. Standards. The SQ/CC is the approval authority for squadron standards. Group/Wing standardsmay be published and approved by the OG/CC. All standards will be reviewed by Wing Stan/Eval (OGV) for standardization and compliance with AFI 11-series guidance.2.3. Takeoff and Landing Data:2.3.1. Compute a 2,000 foot acceleration check speed anytime the computed takeoff roll exceeds2,500 feet. When the computed takeoff roll is 2,500 feet or less, use the actual takeoff distance versus the computed takeoff distance to evaluate aircraft performance.2.3.2. Compute a refusal speed for all takeoffs.2.3.3. Minimum Takeoff and Landing Data (TOLD) requirements on Mission Data Cards are: accel-eration check speed, refusal/maximum abort speed (dry/wet), rotation speed, takeoff speed and dis-tance, and normal and heavyweight (landing immediately after takeoff) landing speeds and distances (dry/wet).2.4. Map/Chart Preparation:2.4.1. Local Area Maps. A local area map is not required if pilot aids include jettison areas, divertinformation, controlled bailout areas and provide sufficient detail of the local area to remain within assigned training areas.2.4.2. Charts. FLIP enroute charts may be used instead of maps on navigational flights within areaswhich are adequately covered by these charts.2.4.3. Low Altitude Maps:2.4.3.1. On low altitude flights, each pilot in the flight will carrya current map of the low altituderoute/operating area. The map will be of such scale and quality that terrain features, hazards, and chart annotations are of sufficient detail to allow individual navigation and safe mission accom-plishment.2.4.3.2. Prepare maps for low level IAW MCR 55-125, Preparation of Mission Planning Materi-als (Tactical Aircraft), and as directed locally. Maps will be updated from the Chart Update Man-ual (CHUM) and all man-made obstacles which may be a factor to the flight will be highlighted (circled / marked with highlighter, etc) on the maps. Additionally, time and/or distance tick-marks will be annotated on low-level maps to ensure positive positional awareness of obstacles along the planned route of flight plus or minus 5 NM.2.4.3.3. Annotate all maps with a route abort altitude (RAA). Compute the RAA for the entireroute/area at a minimum of 1,000 feet separation from the highest obstacle/terrain feature (rounded to the next highest 100 feet) within the lateral limits of the route or training area, but in no case less than 5 NM either side of planned route.2.4.4. Night. Night or simulated night radar low level flight map preparation:2.4.4.1. The minimum pilot chart requirement is a flight log or stick chart. The minimum annota-tions for this log/chart are headings, RAAs, minimum safe altitudes (MSAs), recovery MSA (RMSA - if applicable) and maximum/minimum route structure altitudes.2.4.4.2. Compute the MSA for each leg of the intended route of flight. The MSA is defined as analtitude which provides 1,000 feet of clearance above the highest obstacle/terrain feature (rounded to the next highest 100 feet) within 5 NM of the planned course, route boundaries, or operating area.2.4.4.3. To ensure maps accurately reflect planned routes, planned night turn point bank angleswill not exceed 45 degrees.2.4.4.4. A RMSA may also be computed and used in addition to RAA and MSA. RMSA isdefined as an altitude which provides 1,000 feet of clearance above the highest obstacle/terrain feature (rounded to the next highest 100 feet) within plus or minus 60 degrees of the planned egress heading within 5 NM of the planned release point for the weapon employed. To use RMSA, the planned weapons delivery recovery, following the planned egress ground track, must be accomplished.2.4.4.5. For night Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) mis-sions, flight leads should select letdown points that avoid initial descents into rugged or mountain-ous terrain.2.4.5. (PACAF) Map coordinates recorded on the Mission Data Card will be cross-checked by at least one other flight member prior to stepping to the aircraft. Bearing and range will be computed from the end of runway to each checkpoint and verified prior to takeoff.2.4.6. Aircrew members flying under VFR or inside Military Training Routes (MTR) in CONUS will supplement existing mission planning materials (e.g. CHUM, FLIP AP/1B, etc.) with either:2.4.6.1. PFPS/Falcon View with the following overlay options selected: airports/heliports, air-space boundaries, airways, MTR, parachute jump and SUAs boundaries.2.4.6.2. Sectional aeronautical charts.2.4.7. Low level charts (and locally developed low-level route books if used in lieu of low levelcharts) used during flight will be annotated with location and dimensions of class B/C/D airspace, civil/ military airfields and other potential high density traffic areas (e.g. parachute activity areas and ultra light/hang glider/glider sites, etc.) within 5 nm of any planned VFR route or MTR lateral bound-ary. Applicable airfield approach control frequencies in the vicinity of class B/C/D airspace will be annotated and briefed on all flights. In addition, annotate and brief the intersection of other VR/IR routes (if applicable) and any other areas of conflict. Use of sectional aeronautical charts in flight is not required.2.4.8. Pilots flying outside CONUS will follow gaining MAJCOM, theater or host nation guidance onmission planning. If no gaining MAJCOM, theater or host nation guidance exists, use the best charts or Falcon View overlay options available to accomplish the requirements in section 2.4.7.2.5. Briefing/Debriefing:2.5.1. Flight leads are responsible for presenting a logical briefing which will promote safe and effec-tive mission accomplishment. All pilots/crewmembers/passengers will attend the briefing unless pre-viously coordinated with unit/squadron supervisors.2.5.1.1. Flight leads will ensure briefing start time provides adequate time to discuss requiredbriefing items depending on complexity of the mission and pilot capabilities. As a minimum, begin briefings at least 1.5 hours before scheduled takeoff. Alert briefings will start in sufficient time to be completed prior to pilot changeover.2.5.1.1.1. (PACAF) All aircrew and passengers will attend theflight briefing.2.5.1.2. All formation flight briefings will cover flight member responsibilities, deconflictioncontracts, combat mission priorities, and sensor management.2.5.1.3. Structure flight briefings to accommodate the capabilities of each pilot in the flight.2.5.1.4. Briefing guides will be used to provide the flight lead/briefer with a reference list of itemswhich may apply to particular missions. Items listed may be briefed in any sequence. Those items published in AFIs, AFTTPs, or squadron/wing standards and understood by all participants may be briefed as "standard".2.5.1.5. During the briefing for all low-level missions, emphasis will be placed on the followingitems: obstacle/ground avoidance, employment of all aircraft altitude warning features such as Automatic Low Altitude Warning (ALOW) and Line in the Sky (LIS), pilot determination of low altitude comfort level and human factors associated with low altitude flying like proper task prior-itization.2.5.1.6. For LANTIRN missions, emphasis will be placed on: ensuring the LANTIRN system isfully operational, transition from medium altitude to low-level terrain following (TF) operations and TF maneuvering limitations.2.5.1.7. When dissimilar aircraft are flown in formation, proper position (to ensure adequatewingtip clearance), responsibilities and aircraft-unique requirements will be briefed for each phase of flight.2.5.1.8. Brief an alternate mission for each flight. The alternate mission will be less complex thanthe primary and should parallel the primary mission. If the alternate mission does not parallel the primary mission, brief the specific mission elements that are different.2.5.1.9. Unbriefed missions/events will not be flown. Mission elements/events may be modifiedand briefed airborne as long as flight safety is not compromised. Flight leads will ensure changes are acknowledged by all flight members.2.5.1.10. All missions will be debriefed. All flights will debrief the inflight execution of flightmember responsibilities, deconfliction contracts, tactical employment priorities, and sensor man-agement.2.5.2. During deployed operations, exercise and/or Quick Turn missions, if all flight members attendan initial or mass flight briefing, the flight lead on subsequent flights need brief only those items that have changed from the previous flight(s).2.5.3. Mission briefing guides are contained in Attachment 2. Units may augment these guides asnecessary. Pending development by a higher headquarters, units that fly missions not covered by this volume or its supplements (for example, Operational Test & Evaluation (OT&E) weapons delivery profiles) will develop and maintain briefing guides for those missions and submit them to MAJCOM/ DO (ANG/DO, HQ AFRC/DO) for review.2.5.4. Pilots will use and assess Airborne Video Tape Recorder(A VTR) tapes during tactical portionsof all missions. This review will include analysis of the Anti-G Straining Maneuver (AGSM) effec-tiveness during all portions of the flight.2.5.4.1. (PACAF) Flight leads will assess the AGSM effectiveness of flight members during mis-sion debriefings. This assessment should not be limited to the G-awareness exercise. It is imper-ative to evaluate the AGSM after the aircrew has had time to fatigue, as this is usually when the AGSM breaks down and G-induced Loss of Consciousness (GLOC) occurs.2.5.4.2. (PACAF) Aircrews identified as having poor AGSM technique or low G-tolerance willbe identified to their flight commander or the appropriate operations supervisor. The operations officer will determine what action is required to improve the aircrews G-tolerance. The squadron commander has the option of directing refresher centrifuge training in accordance with AFI 11-404, Centrifuge Training for High-G Aircrew.2.5.5. On multiple-go days when aircraft turn times do not allow follow-on mission brief(s) and onlythe initial flight brief is accomplished for all goes, the following guidance applies:2.5.5.1. Upgrade missions will be flown on the first sortie (second sortie if the first is non-effec-tive for weather or maintenance). Subsequent missions will be of equal or less complexity with no additional upgrade training without OG/CC approval.2.5.5.2. Participants in continuation training missions may fly their primary or alternate missionsin any sequence.2.6. Unit Developed Checklists/Local Pilot Aids:2.6.1. Unit developed checklists may be used in lieu of flight manual checklists (except -25 check-lists) provided they contain, as a minimum, all items (verbatim and in order, unless specifically addressed in the flight manual) listed in the applicable checklist.。
F16飞行员培训手册2
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE AIR FORCE INSTRUCTION 11-2F-16VOLUME 220 JUNE 2006Flying OperationsF-16--AIRCREW EVALUATION CRITERIACOMPLIANCE WITH THIS PUBLICATION IS MANDATORY ACCESSIBILITY: Publications and forms are available on the e-Publishing website at for downloading or ordering.RELEASABILITY: There are no releasability restrictions on this publication.OPR:HQ ACC/A3TV Certified by:HQ USAF/ A3O(Brig Gen Robert C. Kane) Supersedes AFI 11-2F-16, V olume 2,15 March 2001Pages:64This volume implements AFPD 11-2, Aircraft Rules and Procedures; AFPD 11-4, Aviation Service; and AFI 11-202V2, Aircrew Standardization/Evaluation Program. It applies to all F-16 units. This instruction does apply to Air National Guard (ANG) and Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC). MAJCOMs/DRUs/ FOAs are to forward proposed MAJCOM/DRU/FOA-level supplements to this volume to HQ USAF/ A3OT, through HQ ACC/A3TV, for approval prior to publication in accordance with (IAW) AFPD 11-2, paragraph 4.2. Copies of MAJCOM/DRU/FOA-level supplements, after approved and published, will be provided by the issuing MAJCOM/DRU/FOA to HQ USAF/A3OT, HQ ACC/A3TV, and the user MAJ-COM/DRU/FOA and National Guard Bureau offices of primary responsibility. Field units below MAJ-COM/DRU/FOA level will forward copies of their supplements to this publication to their parent MAJCOM/DRU/FOA office of primary responsibility for post publication review. NOTE: The terms Direct Reporting Unit (DRU) and Field Operating Agency (FOA) as used in this paragraph refer only to those DRUs/FOAs that report directly to HQ USAF. Keep supplements current by complying with AFI 33-360V1, Air Force Content Management Program—Publications. See paragraph 1.2. of this volume for guidance on submitting comments and suggesting improvements to this publication.This publication requires the collection and or maintenance of information protected by the Privacy Act (PA) of 1974. The authorities to collect and or maintain the records prescribed in this publication are Title 10, United States Code, Chapter 857 and Executive Order 9397, Numbering System for Federal Accounts Relating to Individual Persons, November 22, 1943. Forms affected by the PA have an appropriate PA statement. System of records notice F011 AF XO A, Aviation Resource Management System (ARMS) (December 26, 2002, 67 FR 78777) applies. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1974 as amended in 1996 affects this instruction. Ensure that all records created as a result of processes prescribed in this publica-tion are maintained in accordance with AFMAN 37-123 (will convert to 33-363), Management of Records and disposed of in accordance with the Air Force Records Disposition Schedule (RDS) located at https:// .Recommendations for improvements to this volume will be submitted on AF IMT 847, Recommenda-tion for Change of Publication, through channels, to the parent MAJCOM Stan/Eval. Parent MAJCOM Stan/Eval will forward approved recommendations to lead command OPR (HQ ACC/A3TV, 204 Dodd Blvd, Suite 133, Langley AFB VA 23665-2789). HQ USAF/A3 is the approval authority for interim changes to this instruction.SUMMARY OF CHANGESThe opening paragraph to this instruction has been reworded for clarity and updated. AF Form 8 has been changed to AF IMT 8, Certificate of Aircrew Qualification throughout the document Para 1.2.: Recom-mendation for Change of Publication moved to opening paragraph. Para 1.3.1.: added reference to new Chapter 4 for emergency procedure evaluations. Para 1.3.2.: added “video tape recorder” and Air Com-bat Maneuvering Instrumentation“, deleted corresponding abbreviation (all abbreviations of terms which show up just one time have been deleted in the document). Para 1.3.5.: deleted (merged into para 2.1.2.), following paragraph renumbered. Para 1.4.2.: added term “angle of attack”. Table 1.1.: new layout, added grading criteria. Para 1.5.: reworded for clarity. Para 1.5.1.1. to 1.5.1.4.(and sub-paragraphs): rearranged, reworded for clarity. Added explanation for “XX”. Added requirement for Engine Failure/Airstart and Out Of Control Recovery CAPs for all EPEs. Para 1.5.2. and 1.5.2.1.: reworded for clarity. Para 1.5.2.3.: deleted; “Recovery Procedures” now incorporated in para 1.5.1.1.3. Para 1.5.3.: reworded. 1.5.3.3.: added “threat reaction”. Para 1.5.3.5.: added term “terrain following radar”. Para 1.5.4.: reworded for clarity. Para 1.5.5.: added paragraph on combined MSN/INSTM/QUAL EPEs. Para 1.5.6.: renumbered. Para 1.6.: renumbered; paragraph on publications moved to 2.1.3.. Para 1.6.1.: reworded, added MAJCOM Ready Aircrew Program tasking message events as reference. Para 1.6.2.: added term “Forward Air Con-troller”. Para 1.6.3.: added sentence about shot validity. Table 1.2.: updated to match corresponding text and actual requirements. Para 1.6.4.: text added for clarification. Para 1.8.: deleted text on record disposi-tion. Para. 2.1.1.: deleted sentence on applicability (already covered in foreword). Para 2.1.2. to 2.1.2.3.: text reworded and added to reflect more differentiated evaluation requirements. Para 2.1.3.: former para-graph 1.6. Deleted explanation for “XX”; added procedures for ANG. Para 2.1.3.1.: added. Para 2.1.3.5.: added. Para 2.1.4.: text amended – aspects of Cockpit/Crew Resource Management are now embedded in other grading criteria. NOTE deleted. Para 2.1.5.: added paragraph on combined MSN/INSTM/QUAL evaluations. Para 2.2.: text added, deleted requirement for approval to administer an INSTM/QUAL eval-uation on a compatible training mission. Para 2.2.1. to 2.2.1.4.: renumbered, “Instrument Refresher Course” deleted. Para 2.3.: deleted requirement for written mission evaluation profiles; paragraph reworded for clarity; evaluations during exercises or exercise deployments are encouraged now. NOTE on BMC-aircrew added. Para 2.3.2.: reworded. Para 2.3.2.1.: deleted. Para 2.3.2.2.: deleted. Para 2.3.3.: added AFTTP 3-1 as reference. Para 2.3.3.3.: reworded for clarity. Para 2.3.5.: added “(A)”. 2.3.6.: text on FTU Instructor Pilots relocated in para 2.5.: following paragraphs renumbered. Para 2.3.6.: Reworded to make RESCORT mandatory. Para 2.3.7. (old): deleted. Para 2.4.: added reference Chapter 4 Para 2.5. and following sub-paragraphs: reworded for clarity; text supplemented to better describe Instructor eval-uation requirements. Para 2.6.1.2.: reworded. Para 2.6.2.: deleted term “Emergency Procedure Evalua-tion”. Table 2.1.: newly formatted, completely revised. Deleted SEAD as mission evaluation profile. Several grading areas have been reevaluated as mandatory items on specific mission profiles. NOTE 1.: amended and reworded for clarity. NOTE 3.: added “Simulated Flame Out”; amended to give more pre-cise guidance on SFO requirements. Added PACAF to the exception. NOTE 4.: reworded. NOTE 7.: added. NOTE 8.: added. Table 2.2.: added criteria for EPE. Para 3.2.1.1.1. to 3.2.1.1.3.: text added to bet-ter reflect all relevant aspects of mission planning and crew coordination. Para 3.2.1.2. and sub-para-graphs: criteria for publications added. Para 3.2.2.1.1. to 3.2.2.1.3.: text added. Para 3.2.2.2.1. to 3.2.2.2.3.: text added and amended. Para 3.2.2.3.1. to 3.2.2.3.3.: text added and amended. Para 3.2.2.4.1. and 3.2.2.4.2.: reworded. Para 3.2.4.2.and 3.2.4.3.: reworded. Para 3.2.5.1.3.: reworded. Para 3.2.6.1.: added term “Visual Flight Rules”. Para 3.2.6.2. and sub-paragraphs: replaced “rendezvous” with “rejoin”. Para 3.2.8.1.: deleted examples for “assigned airspace”. Para 3.2.9.1.1. to 3.2.9.1.3.: text added. Para 3.2.9.2.1. to 3.2.9.2.3.: text amended/added. Para 3.2.10.3.: text added for clarification. Para 3.2.11.1.: reworded. Para 3.2.11.3.: text added. Para 3.2.12. and para 3.2.12.1.: deleted “SIF”. Para 3.2.13.: deleted (publication check is now in para 3.2.1.2.). Para 3.2.14.: deleted terms “Advanced Handling/Tactical Maneuvering”. Para 3.2.16.: added term “Built In Test”. Para 3.2.17.1.1.: added term “Emission Control”. Para 3.2.17.2.2.: deleted last sentence. Para 3.2.17.2.3.: reworded. Para 3.2.20.: deleted “trail”. Para 3.2.20.1. to 3.2.20.3.: replaced “approach” with “recovery”. Para 3.2.22.1.: reworded. Para 3.2.22.2.1. and 3.2.22.2.2.: deleted, text included in para 3.2.22.2. Para 3.2.25.: text added to emphasis applicability of the listed criteria for VFR-approaches. Para 3.2.27.1. to 3.2.27.3.: text added to allow for aspects of Cock-pit/Crew Resource Management. Para 3.2.28.1. to 3.2.28.3.: text added to allow for aspects of Cockpit/ Crew Resource Management. Para 3.2.29.2.1.to 3.2.29.2.3.: deleted term “Critical Action Procedure”. Para 3.2.30.: added “Situational Awareness”. Para 3.2.30.1. to 3.2.30.2.: text added to reflect aspects of situational awareness. Para 3.2.31.2.: added “aircraft flight path”. Para 3.2.32.1. and 3.2.32.2.: reworded. Para 3.2.33.: text added to match para 2.5.3. Para 3.2.33.1.1. to 3.2.33.1.3.: text added to allow for aspects of Cockpit/Crew Resource Management. Para 3.2.33.2. text on chase requirements deleted 2.5.3. Para 3.2.34. and sub-paragraphs: deleted “Cockpit/Crew Resource Management”. Para 3.2.35.: corrected typo-graphical error. Para 3.2.35.1.: text added to describe “Q” criteria. Para 3.2.36. and sub-paragraphs: added item “Task Prioritization” and corresponding criteria. Para 3.3.1.1. to 3.3.1.2.: added “leg timing” as parameter. Para 3.3.2.. to 3.3.2.3.: added “enroute descent”. Para 3.3.4.1.: added terms ”Minimum Descent Altitude”, “Visual Descent Point”, “Missed Approach Point”. Para 3.3.5.: split criteria for PAR and ILS-approaches into 2 areas. Para 3.3.5. and sub-paragraphs: PAR only. Para 3.3.6. and sub-para-graphs: added text on ILS-approaches. Para 3.4.1.1.1.: reworded. Para 3.4.1.2.2.: changed “poor” to “low”. Para 3.4.1.3.: reworded, deleted “GCI” and “AWACS”. Para 3.4.1.5. and sub-paragraphs: changed “Radar lookout” to “Radar Mechanization” or “Radar search”. Para 3.4.1.6.1. and 3.4.1.6.3.: text added. Para 3.4.1.7.2.: High altitude and Medium Altitude grading criteria merged. Para 3.4.1.7.3. and sub-para-graphs: renumbered, reworded. Para 3.4.1.8.1. to 3.4.1.8.3.: added term “evasive maneuvers”. Para 3.4.1.11.: text added. Para 3.4.1.11.2.1.: added PET shot parameter. Para 3.4.1.12.: added term “Rules of Engagement”. Para 3.4.1.14.: deleted term “Terrain Following Radar”. Para 3.4.1.15.: added “not applica-ble for FTU”. Para 3.4.1.16. and sub-paragraphs: reworded for clarity. Para 3.4.1.18.and sub-paragraphs: added area “Sensor management”. Para 3.4.1.19.: added. Para 3.4.2.1.: changed “Radar Search” to “Radar Mechanization”. Para 3.4.2.3.: added “Combat Air” and “(CAP)”. 3.4.2.3.1. to 3.4.2.3.3.: reworded for clarity. Para 3.4.2.5.1.: reworded/text added to better cover all aspects of offensive maneuvering. Para 3.4.2.5.2.: reworded. Para 3.4.2.6.1.: text added. Para 3.4.2.7.1. to 3.4.2.7.3.: reworded for clarity. Para 3.4.2.8. and sub-paragraphs: added area “Air-to-Air Systems Employment”. Para 3.4.2.9.: added area “Command and Control Integration”. Para 3.4.3.1.1. and 3.4.3.1.2.: added “with radar and/or TGT IR and/ or visual acquisition”. Para 3.4.3.2., NOTE 3 and NOTE 4.: text added. Para 3.4.3.2.2.1. to 3.4.3.2.2.3.: examples for single event weapon scores deleted. Para 3.4.3.2.3.1. to 3.4.3.2.3.3.: tables newly formatted. Para 3.4.3.4.: and sub-paragraphs: text added. Para 3.4.3.5. and sub-paragraphs: criteria for Precision Guided Munitions Delivery Procedures added. Para 3.4.3.7. and sub-paragraphs: criteria for System Weapons Delivery Procedures (GPS Aided Weapons) added. Para 3.4.3.8. and sub-paragraphs: criteria for System Weapons Delivery Procedures (General Purpose Munitions) added. Para 3.4.3.9. and sub-para-graphs: criteria for Close Air Support/Time Sensitive Targeting added. Para 3.4.3.10.: added. Para 3.4.4.:added term “Destruction of Enemy Air Defenses”. NOTE added. Para 3.4.4.1.1.: reworded for clarity. Para 3.4.4.1.2.: deleted text. Para 3.4.4.1.3.: reworded. Para 3.4.5.2. and sub-paragraphs: changed “Photo Quality” to “Imagery Quality”; combined former areas 112 “Photo Quality” and 113 “EEI” into one area. Para 3.4.5.3.: deleted area “EEI”, added administrative text. Para 3.4.5.4.: deleted. Para 3.4.6.3.1.: changed “fighters” to read “strikers”. Para 3.4.6.4.1. to 3.4.6.4.3.: changed “fighters” to “strikers”. Para 3.4.6.5.: added text “(Type 1 control only)”. Para 3.4.6.5.1. to 3.4.6.5.3.: reworded for clarity. Para 3.4.6.6.1.: changed “fighters” to “strikers”. Para 3.4.6.6.2.: changed “fighters” to “strikers”, added text. Para 3.4.6.7.1.: changed “fighters” to “strikers”. Chapter 4 added to specify grading criteria for Emer-gency Procedures Evaluations. Para 4.3. and 4.4.: added to comply with administrative requirements. Attachment 1 references, abbreviations and acronyms updated to match corresponding text of the instruction.A bar ( | ) indicates revisions from the previous edition.Chapter 1— GENERAL INFORMATION 61.1.General (6)1.2.Waivers (6)1.3.Procedures (6)1.4.Grading Instructions (6)Table 1.1.General Criteria. (7)1.5.Emergency Procedures Evaluation (7)1.6.Documentation of Weapons Employment Results (9)Table 1.2.Weapons Employment Scores. (10)Chapter 2— EVALUATION REQUIREMENTS 112.1.General (11)2.2.Instrument/Qualification Evaluation (12)2.3.Mission Evaluation (12)2.4.Formal Course Evaluation (13)2.5.Instructor Evaluation (13)2.6.Instructor Pilot Rear Cockpit Landing Evaluations (14)Table 2.1.FLIGHT Evaluations. (15)Table 2.2.Emergency Procedure Evaluations (21)Chapter 3— FLIGHT EVALUATION CRITERIA 263.1.General Grading Standards (26)3.2.General (26)3.3.Instrument (39)3.4.Tactical Employment (42)Chapter 4— EMERGENCY PROCEDURES EVALUATION CRITERIA 574.1.General Grading Standards: (57)4.2.General: (57)4.3.Forms Prescribed (60)4.4.Forms Adopted (60)Attachment 1— GLOSSARY OF REFERENCES AND SUPPORTING INFORMATION 61Chapter 1GENERAL INFORMATION1.1. General.All evaluations will be conducted IAW the provisions of AFI 11-202V2 and this volume.1.2. Waivers.Waiver authority for this publication is the MAJCOM DO/A3. Waivers will be requested from the parent MAJCOM Stan/Eval through appropriate channels.1.3. Procedures.1.3.1. Flight examiners (FEs) will use the evaluation criteria contained in Chapter 3for conductingflight evaluations and Chapter 4 for emergency procedure evaluations (EPE). To ensure standard and objective evaluations, flight examiners will be thoroughly familiar with the prescribed evaluation cri-teria.1.3.2. Recording devices (video tape recorders (VTR), air combat maneuvering instrumentation, etc.)should be used, when available, to reconstruct/evaluate the mission.1.3.3. Unless specified, the examinee or FE may fly in any flight position/seat (to include chase)which will best enable the FE to conduct a thorough evaluation.1.3.4. The FE will brief the examinee on the purpose of the evaluation and how it will be conductedprior to flight. The examinee will accomplish required flight planning in accordance with the flight position during the evaluation. Higher Headquarters FEs (and unit FEs as determined locally) may assist in mission planning/briefing as tasked and will be furnished a copy of necessary mission data, mission materials, and data transfer cartridge loads.1.3.5. The FE will thoroughly debrief all aspects of the evaluation. This debrief will include theexaminee's overall rating, specific deviations, area grades assigned (if other than qualified) and any required additional training.1.4. Grading Instructions.Standards and performance parameters are contained in AFI 11-202V2 and this instruction.1.4.1. The FE will base tolerances for in-flight parameters on conditions of smooth air and a stableaircraft. Do not consider momentary deviations from tolerances, provided the examinee applies prompt corrective action and such deviations do not jeopardize flying safety. The FE will consider cumulative deviations when determining the overall grade.1.4.2. When grading criteria specify that airspeed/angle of attack (AOA) be evaluated and the flightmanual lists only a minimum/maximum/recommended airspeed/AOA for that area, the examinee will brief the desired airspeed/AOA.1.4.3. The FE will compare examinee performance for each area accomplished during the evaluationwith the standards provided in this volume and assign an appropriate grade for the area. Derive theoverall flight evaluation grade from the area grades based on a composite for the observed events and tasks IAW this instruction.1.4.3.1. FEs will use the grading criteria in this volume to determine individual area grades. FE judgment must be exercised when the wording of areas is subjective and when specific situations are not covered.1.4.3.2. If the examinee receives an unqualified area grade in any of the critical areas identified by this volume, an overall qualification level of "Q-3" will be assigned.1.4.3.3. FE judgment will be the determining factor in arriving at the overall grade.1.4.3.4. The following general criteria apply during all phases of flight except as noted for spe-cific events and instrument final approaches:Table 1.1. General Criteria.1.5. Emergency Procedures Evaluation.In order of preference, the EPE will be conducted in a flight simulator/unit training device (UTD), cockpit procedure trainer (CPT), or verbally. Only conduct a verbal EPE if a flight simulator/UTD or CPT is not available or not configured appropriately for the evaluation. Grading criteria for each required item are listed in Chapter 4. This evaluation will include areas commensurate with examinee's Ready Aircrew Program (RAP) training level and event qualifications.1.5.1. The following items are required on all emergency procedure evaluations:1.5.1.1. Emergency Procedures. All Critical Action Procedures (CAP) should be evaluated.1.5.1.1.1. Evaluate a minimum of two emergency procedures, one of which is a CAP, from the Ground Emergencies Section of Chapter 3 of the T.O. 1F-16XX-1 (XX denotes model - A/C/CG/CJ). Q Altitude +/- 200 feet Airspeed +/- 5% Course+/- 5 degrees/3 NM (whichever is greater) TACAN Arc+/- 2 NM Fix-to-Fix+/- 2 NM Landing150’ to 1000’ Q- Altitude+/- 300 feet Airspeed +/- 10%Course+/- 10 degrees/5 NM (whichever is greater) TACAN Arc+/- 3 NM Fix-to-Fix+/- 3 NM Landing0-149’; 1001’ to 1500’ U Exceeded Q- limits1.5.1.1.2. Evaluate a minimum of two emergency procedures, one of which is a CAP, from theTakeoff Emergencies Section of Chapter 3 of the T.O. 1F-16XX-1.1.5.1.1.3. Evaluate both the Engine Failure/Airstart and Out Of Control Recovery CAPs andan additional emergency procedure from the In-Flight Emergencies Section of Chapter 3 of the T.O. 1F-16XX-1.1.5.1.1.4. Evaluate a minimum of two emergency procedures from Landing Emergencies Sec-tion of Chapter 3 of the T.O. 1F-16XX-1.1.5.1.1.5. All CAPs will be evaluated by completion of a written CAPs sheet at the beginningof the EPE. This will complete the CAPs requisite for the evaluation. Any incorrectly com-pleted CAP will result in a “U” for the CAPs requisite. The EPE will not be started until suc-cessful completion of the CAPs requisite.1.5.1.2. Aircraft General Knowledge.1.5.1.3. Cockpit/Crew Resource Management (CRM).1.5.1.4. Unusual Attitude Recoveries. This also fulfills the Area 15 (Unusual Attitude Recoveries)requirement for Instrument/Qualification (INSTM/QUAL) evaluations.1.5.2. All INSTM/QUAL EPEs will include the following additional items:1.5.2.1. AFMAN 11-217, Instrument Flight Procedures. Evaluate a minimum of one heads-updisplay (HUD) -out approach and use of standby/emergency instruments. Emphasis should be on whether the approach would permit a safe landing.1.5.2.2. Alternate/divert airfields. Evaluate a minimum of one approach at other than home base.1.5.3. All Mission (MSN) EPEs will include the following items (tailor MSN evaluation scenarios to unit tasking/mission).1.5.3.1. Weapons system operation.1.5.3.2. Electronic attack (EA)/Electronic Protection (EP)/All Aspect Missile Defense (AAMD).1.5.3.3. Evasive action/Threat Reaction.1.5.3.4. Weapons employment and switchology.1.5.3.5. Terrain Following Radar (TFR) procedures (if applicable).1.5.4. Examinees receiving an overall unqualified grade will be placed in supervised status until rec-ommended additional training is completed and/or a reevaluation is successfully accomplished. Examinees receiving an overall unqualified grade because of an unsatisfactory CAP accomplishment will not be permitted to fly until a successful reevaluation is accomplished. For EPEs in which the examinee is qualified, but requires additional training, the FE will indicate whether the additional training will be accomplished before the next flight. Additional training and reevaluations will be accomplished IAW AFI 11-202V2.1.5.5. Normally, an EPE will be conducted separately for the pilot INSTM/QUAL and MSN evalua-tions. In situations where INSTM/QUAL and MSN evaluation eligibility zones coincide, a single EPE may be administered to fulfill the requisites for the combined MSN/INSTM/QUAL evaluations. The combined EPE must be of sufficient scope and length to ensure all required areas for each evaluation are accomplished.1.5.6. The following grading criteria will be used to grade individual items on EPEs:1.5.6.1. Q. Performance is correct. Quickly recognizes and corrects errors.1.5.6.2. Q-. Performance is safe, but indicates limited proficiency. Makes errors of omission orcommission.1.5.6.3. U. Performance is unsafe or indicates lack of knowledge or ability.1.6. Documentation of Weapons Employment Results.Weapons employment results will be documented in the Mission Description Section of the AF IMT 8 for MSN evaluations. Include entries for each type of actual and simulated ordnance that was employed.1.6.1. Air-to-Surface. Results will be recorded as Hit or Miss for each air-to-surface record delivery.Flight examiners may use either AFI 11-2F-16V1, F-16--Aircrew Training, individual weapons events or current MAJCOM Block XX RAP tasking message events (e.g. combined events, etc.) when deter-mining grading or assigning additional training. For air scored events and/or for VTR assessed deliv-eries, FEs will determine weapons employment results. Air scored and/or VTR assessed deliveries will be annotated with an asterisk (or asterisks as required). Document results as in Table 1.2. or as by PEX format.1.6.2. Forward Air Controller (FAC) Target Marks. For the purpose of FAC target mark, marks willbe scored as a Hit or a Miss by the FE in either FAC or fighter aircraft. Marks will be scored as a "Hit"if they are considered usable for marking the designated target, delivered in a timely manner and delivery used is tactically sound. They will be scored as a "Miss" if they are unusable for target mark-ing, untimely or the deliveries are tactically unsound (i.e., excessive altitude loss, unnecessary expo-sure to the threat, excessive tracking time, etc.).1.6.3. Air-to-Air. Record the number of simulated missile/gun firing attempts and the number thatwere valid as in Table 1.2.Shot validity will be evaluated at pickle with all parameters IAW AFTTP 3-1.1.1.6.4. FE Judgment. FE judgment will be the determining factor in deciding the weapons employmentgrade. If the examinee fails to qualify in any event(s), the FE may elect to award a higher area grade than warranted by the score(s). The FE will include justification for such an award in the Comments Section of the AF IMT 8. Include entries for each type of simulated ordnance that was employed.Table 1.2. Weapons Employment Scores.Weapons employment scores were: (examples)(for abbreviations and acronyms see Attachment 1)HARB HADB LALD LAT HARM LGB*Hit **Hit Hit/Miss Hit/Hit *Hit *HitATTEMPTED V ALIDA/A Gun 2 1AIM 120 2 2 *VTR /simulator/UTD assessed /**Air ScoredNOTE:Flight examiners may use either AFI 11-2F-16V1 individual weapons events or current MAJCOM Block XX RAP tasking message events (e.g. combined events,MAD, etc.) when completing Weapons Employment Scores.Chapter 2EV ALUATION REQUIREMENTS2.1. General.2.1.1. All evaluations will follow the guidelines set in AFI 11-202V2.2.1.2. Required areas for flight evaluations are shown in Table 2.1.and for EPEs in Table 2.2. Whenit is impractical or not possible to accomplish a required flight evaluation area inflight, it may be eval-uated by an alternate method (i.e., simulator/UTD, CPT, or by verbal examination) in order to com-plete the evaluation. Document the reason and type of alternate method used in the Comments portion of the AF IMT 8, Certificate of Aircrew Qualification. If the FE determines the required item cannot be adequately evaluated by an alternate method, the examinee will require an additional flight to com-plete the evaluation.2.1.2.1. Areas annotated with an "R" are required items for that evaluation.2.1.2.2. Areas annotated with an “R1” require evaluation of at least one of the items under theassociated section and category for that evaluation (e.g., for the Critical Action Procedures cate-gory under the Ground Emergencies Section listed in Table 2.2., at least one CAP is required for both the INSTM/QUAL and MSN evaluations).2.1.2.3. Areas indicated with an “R2” require evaluation of at least two of the items under theassociated section for that evaluation (e.g., for the emergency procedures under Landing Emer-gencies Section listed in Table 2.2., at least two emergency procedures are required for both the INSTM/QUAL and MSN evaluations).2.1.3. Publications Check.(N/A ANG/AFRC) Publications that will be checked are:2.1.3.1. T.O. 1F-16XX-1 (ACC/PACAF)2.1.3.2. T.O. 1F-16XX-1CL-12.1.3.3. T.O. 1F-16XX-34-1-1CL-12.1.3.4. Local In-flight Guide2.1.3.5. Any additional publications issued to aircrews and specified in the unit addendum to AFI11-202V2.ANG/AFRC: Currency of Flight Publications. Evaluate all issued checklists for currency and accuracy on all flight evaluations. Units may specify additional publications to be evaluated in the unit supplement to AFI 11-202V2.2.1.4. Cockpit/Crew Resource Management (CRM)In accordance with AFI 11-290, Cockpit/Crew Resource Management, CRM skills will be evaluated during all evaluations. CRM skills are integral to all phases of flight and are embedded within specific grading criteria. Therefore, no specific evaluation criteria area titled CRM exists. As all the CRM skills listed on the AF IMT 4031 are included/embedded, use of the IMT 4031 is unnecessary for eval-uations in the F-16. The Stan/Eval trend program can be used to measure the effectiveness of CRM training.2.1.5. With the approval of the Operations Group Commander, the INSTM/QUAL evaluation and theMSN evaluation may be combined as a single evaluation. Unit Commanders, with coordination through the unit Chief of Stan/Eval, may designate experienced pilots for this combined evaluation option. Evaluations flown in this manner must fulfill all current INSTM/QUAL and MSN evaluation requirements, including ground phase requisites. For combined MSN/INSTM/QUAL evaluations, one EPE may be accomplished that encompasses requirements of both EPEs. Additional simulator time may be required to complete these items.2.2. Instrument/Qualification Evaluation.A mission flown according to instrument flight rules (to the maximum extent practical) best fulfills the objective of the INSTM/QUAL evaluation. To the maximum extent possible, this evaluation will include approaches at airfields other than home or deployed locations (USAFE: Preferably non-US locations). Approaches may be flown to fields which have a non-published, practice approach available (e.g. Visual Flight Rules (VFR) conditions only approach), but not a published FLIP approach. The intent is to grade instrument procedures which are independent of an approach’s certification (to use a non-published approach, the approach plate must be built using the standards applied to published approach plates, local OGV must approve use of the approach, and approval for the approach to must be documented in the local unit supplement to AFI 11-202V2). This evaluation may be administered on any compatible training mis-sion. When B/D model aircraft are available, pilots may complete their INSTM/QUAL evaluation with an FE occupying the rear cockpit.2.2.1. Minimum ground phase requisites are:2.2.1.1. Instrument examination.2.2.1.2. Closed and open book qualification examinations.2.2.1.3. EPE.2.2.1.4. CAPs Written Exam. Answers must contain all critical action items in proper sequence.Abbreviations are allowed.2.3. Mission Evaluation.MSN evaluation will be flown IAW current tactics, unit tasking and theater Area of Responsibility scenar-ios and will incorporate all appropriate evaluation requirements from Table 2.1.. Scenarios that represent unit Designed Operational Capability (DOC) tasking satisfy the requirements of this evaluation. The pro-files will be designed to evaluate the training/flight position/special qualifications as well as basic airman-ship of the examinee. Initial MSN evaluations will be given in the primary DOC of the unit unless directed otherwise by the squadron commander for assigned contingency tasking. MSN evaluations will normally be flown using established tactics, techniques, and procedures, and in accordance with pub-lished unit standards. Examinees will be evaluated in the position of their highest qualification. At the FEs discretion, portions may be flown in another position, but the emphasis is to have examinees evaluated at their highest qualification level. Wingman may be required to brief (to include tactics) and/or lead certain phases of the mission, but will not be evaluated using flight lead grading criteria. Evaluations during exer-cises or exercise deployments are encouraged. Evaluations during contingency/combat deployments will be given as a last resort in order to maintain mission qualification status.NOTE:Basic Mission Capable (BMC) aircrew will only be evaluated on those missions routinely per-formed. Examinees will only be evaluated on those areas for which they are qualified.。
F16补充训练课程四 D
CN101 TFW -- F-16补充飞行训练课程课程四(D)：IFR实践训练好不容易到了第四课的最后部分，我们先前已经详细讲解了航图的用法，现在到了付诸实践的时候了。
在此部分内，我们将在韩国的Kimpo机场利用航图和IFR知识飞一些orientation flights，其过程讲解我会尽量精简，如果有任何问题请参阅前三部分的内容。
3.2 飞行计划在即将做第一个O-Flight之前，我们先要了解一些关于此次飞行重要的信息。
首先是风的情况，简报上说是风向285，风力5节每小时，所以基本可以确定我们会在航向为320的两条跑道之一上起飞。
并且，我们会有近40度的侧风。
然后是滑行路线：P3 – P2 – P1 – F。
从机场平面图上便可清楚了解。
由图可知跑道的真实磁航向为316，注意起飞后我们应该会被侧风吹向右侧。
机场的海拔高度为41ft，MSA在此次飞行中不会是个问题，我们很快就会爬升过MSA并远远的超过它。
此次出发路线我们选择ENKAS 1WEST。
由于采用哪条起飞跑道还要听从ATC，所以两条320航向的跑道出发图我们都要牢记，等进了座舱再研究是来不及的。
ENKAS 1 WEST路线的出发程序如下：起飞后爬升到2500ft后20坡度左转，保持最大速度300节，切入SUWON TACAN R-310入站，并在4000ft以上过站。
然后，沿R-085出站并继续爬升到预定飞行高度FL200，在位于DME22处的exit point出机场空域（此点将被设为STPT 2）。
要注意的禁飞区和限制空域为：起飞后小心不要被侧风吹入右方的RK(P) –518。
到达ENKAS Exit Point后附近有个RK(R) – 17限制空域，但其限制高度仅到FL150为止，应该对我们不会造成影响。
有两个需要记录的坐标：第一个是ENKAS Exit Point的坐标，我们要到座舱中将其设为STPT 2。
第二个是RWY32 WONKO进近IAF的坐标，会将其设为STPT 6。
SONY GL-F16笔记本电脑 说明书
内存可扩展至 液晶显示器屏幕
3 GB DDR3 内存 *4 13.1” 宽屏 (1600 x 900) TFT 彩色显示器
图形处理器 独立显存
NVIDIA® GeForce® 9300M GS 笔记本电脑图形处理器 (GPU)／移动式英特尔® 图形媒体加速器 4500MHD NVIDIA®: 256 MB（GDDR3 内存）
电脑上的接口
2. DVD±RW/±R DL/RAM 驱动器； 读取速度可达：24x CD-ROM / 8x DVD-ROM 写入速度可达：24x CD-R / 16x CD-RW / 4x DVD-R DL（双层）/ 8x DVD-R / 6x DVD-RW / 4x DVD+R DL（双层）/ 8x DVD+R / 8x DVD+RW / 5x DVD-RAM
1. 英特尔® 酷睿™2 双核处理器 T9600 (2.80 GHz) 2. 英特尔® 酷睿™2 双核处理器 P9500 (2.53 GHz) 3. 英特尔® 酷睿™2 双核处理器 P8600 (2.40 GHz) 4. 英特尔® 酷睿™2 双核处理器 P8400 (2.26 GHz)
硬盘驱动器 *2 ／固态硬盘 ❖
扩展机座（选购）上的接口 便捷功能按钮
DC IN（直流电源输入）端口、显示器（模拟 RGB，15 针微型 D-sub）端口、3 个高速 USB (USB 2.0) 端口（支持高速／全速／低 速）A 类接口、网络（以太网）端口 (1000BASE-T / 100BASE-TX / 10BASE-T)、DVI-D 端口 *6
使用说明书 － 规格表
❖ 本机型中此配置仅可为其中一种，具体请参考使用说明书 － 规格表（续表）。
系列名称 操作系统 ❖
f16技巧
F-16/Mig-29 空战技巧详解作者：天蟒飞行中队Skull-1机型比较：MIG29：近距离支援，速度和机动性优于F16，但载油量是MIG的硬伤，比起F16少太多。
导弹射程R77奇远，适合于营救被围攻的队友。
机炮精度和威力都高于F16，但载弹太少。
MIG29和F16格斗必须速战速决，否则油量见底，技术再高强的人都会被打下来。
F16：载油量大，速度和机动性不如MIG29。
在和MIG29近距格斗时，如果双方飞行技术接近，F16必须扔掉副油箱，否则完全没有活命的机会。
F16机炮射速快，一般瞄准了打，20发内就能击落对方。
飞行习惯：如果没敌机在机场附近，起飞F16用100％推力，MIG29用90％推力，巡航F16和MIG29都用90％（F16速度450—500NM/h，MIG29速度900-1000KM/h）推力。
巡航最好不要开襟翼，因为太浪费燃料，燃料就是生命。
发现敌机后不要急于开加力，注意距离。
如果对方先对你发生导弹，注意你的速度F16在450NM/h，MIG29在900KM/h，可以安全得躲过迎面射来的导弹（当然要注意和导弹飞行路径的角度）。
我习惯在F16离对方6-8NM距离，MIG29 8－10KM距离，打开加力。
如果导弹从后面射来，那首先得开加力和襟翼，然后匀速转向。
保持速度和导弹的角度。
如果敌机在你背后很近的距离发射导弹，以至于导弹飞行路径变得很短。
不要慌，开加力和襟翼，急转（急转不等于打转），迫使导弹雷达扫描失去目标。
成功率在90％以上。
导弹攻防策略：首先明确导弹不是主要攻击武器，如果对方保持正常的躲避速度，而且飞机完好无损，不要指望导弹能准确无误的击落对方。
因为谁也不是傻子，不会盯着导弹干瞪眼，看着它把自己的座机砸下去。
导弹的主要作用，个人认为有2点：1、进入近距离机炮格斗前，用于牵制对方的行动，迫使对方做出机动躲避，消耗对方速度，帮助自己有效切入对方的转弯半径。
2、近距格斗中，如果对方机翼系统受损，可以用导弹轻松把他砸到地上去。
f16操作手册
FALCON4实用操作手册不是很全，但基本够用了视野0轨道视野1平显视野22D座舱3虚拟座舱4被锁定目标视野5广角视野6查看目标相对位置SHIFT6查看目标7查看迫近物体SHIFT7武器视野8友机视野SHIFT8地面友军视野9追尾视野SHIFT9飞过视野`卫星视野SHIFT`查看战场态势飞行A自动驾驶导航雷达TAB2X时间压缩CAPS4X时间压缩，水平左舵.水平右舵E编队成员通信W僚机通信R整个飞行编队通信CTRLR雷达做好准备T与地面控制通信SHIFTT与同伴通话(多人)Y与加油机通信SHIFTY回复预警机可以执行ALTY切换无线电频率SHIFTU回复预警机不能执行CTRLE跳伞=推力增加SHIFT=最大推力ALT=逐步增加推力-推力降低SHIFT-引擎无推力ALT-逐步降低推力F开关ACMI记录B打开刹车SHIFTB增加刹车力度CTRLB减少刹车力度K起落架轮刹G收放起落架SHIFTG关闭起落架声音H调整HUDSHIFTH调整HUD标尺CTRLH调整HUD标尺ALTH调整HUD颜色S下一个导航点SHIFTS上一个导航点ALTS烟雾开关SCROLLLOCK开关飞行灯航电，武器设备F1对空雷达F2对地雷达F3增加雷达搜索距离F4减少雷达搜索距离SHIFTF3增加雷达功率SHIFTF4减少雷达功率F5雷达下视F6雷达归中F7雷达上视CTRLF630X20空战模式CTRLF7SLEW空战模式CTRLF8VERTICAL空战模式F8雷达方位角大小切换F9对地雷达广角模式F10截取对地雷达图象F11导航雷达显示距离增加F12导航雷达显示距离减少D近距格斗模式SHIFTF以前线制空模式进入区域I罗盘导航模式J开关电子对抗CTRLJ紧急抛弃所有武器ALTJ选则抛弃装备L广角视野M空空导弹作战模式O手动投弹模式U红外制导导弹开启V利益传感器广角切换SHIFTV AGM65导弹广角切换X施放箔条Z施放火焰弹ALTZ手动/自动施放干扰ENTER对空武器BSP对地武器/机炮开火SP投放当前武器"三种投弹方式切换SHIFT"增加一次投放炸弹数量SHIFT；减少一次投放炸弹数量ALT；一次投放一枚炸弹ALT"一次投两枚炸弹CTRL"增加两枚炸弹的投放间隔CTRL，降低CBU炸弹的起爆高度CTRL。
怎样开F16战斗机
怎样开F16战斗机1：调节图1中的开关1。
将parkingbreak调至ON位置，煞紧起落架。
2：调节图2中的开关1。
将electrics开关调至mainpower，以打开飞机航电系统电源。
3：调节图2中的开关2。
将masterlight开关调至on，打开主灯。
（鉴于这是盗窃行为可以省略以免被发现）4：调节图2中的开关3。
将anti collisionlights调至on，打开放撞等。
这一步在白天以及盗窃的情况下可以免除。
5：调节图2中的开关组4。
将wing trail and fuselagelights 调至brt。
这样灯光最亮。
以便编队中其它飞机观察。
6：调节图2中的开关5。
将lights调至flash。
灯光设置暂时完成了。
（记住这几个等你可能没打开，回到祖国上空时一定要打开阿。
不然被别人撞下来可别来找我索赔）7：调节图2中的开关6。
将masterfuel调至on。
打开飞机油路。
（不然看你怎么打开发动机）8：调节图2中的开关7。
将engin fuel feed调至norm。
向发动机供油。
9：调节图3中的开关1。
将airsource调至norm。
打开空调系统为驾驶舱供氧。
这点只要你是地球人就不要忘掉，不然飞到天上憋死你。
10：收紧油门。
F-16的油门和其他飞机一样在你左手侧。
将它向后拉到底，不然你的飞机提前窜出去可不好了。
当然此事还有起落架刹车，所以比较粗猛地方法也可以先不管它。
11：调节图2中的开关8。
将JFS starter打开，使用start2模式。
这时发动机就真正的点火了：声音应该不小，而且前起落架会下沉机头降低。
大家千万不要慌张，这是正常现象抓紧进行下面的操作.12:检查转速表（主仪表板中右侧有4个指针表，从上向下第3个）当发动机转速到达20%时将油门向前推，到中间位置。
也就是50%功率。
13:idle detent调到press.14：继续向前推油门，到70%位置。
15：观看转速表会到达25%位置，此时收油门到底。
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F16 操作手册============飞行控制键===================
副翼-----------------------------------[左右方向键]
安定升降面-----------------------------[上下方向键]
尾舵-----------------------------------[,][.]
开/关空气煞车--------------------------[B]
开/关轮煞车----------------------------[W]
0%节流阀-------------------------------[Shift][`]
10~90%节流阀---------------------------[Shift][1]~[9]
100%节流阀-----------------------------[Shift][0]
增加节流阀1%---------------------------[+]
(如果已经是100%节流阀，则增加后燃器的推力等级) 降低节流阀1%---------------------------[-]
(如果后燃器已开启，则降低后燃器的推力等级)
切换发动机状态(开/关)------------------[Shift][E]
开/关襟翼------------------------------[/]
收起/放下起落架------------------------[G]
自动飞行模式---------------------------[A]
自动降落模式---------------------------[L]
降低后燃器的推力-----------------------[Z]
增加后燃器的推力-----------------------[X]
==================武器/反制系统控制键=============== 施放火球-------------------------------[F]
施放干扰丝-----------------------------[C]
发射机炮-------------------------------[M]
发射目前选择的武器---------------------[空格键]
[反向]/正向切换武器的选择--------------[Shift][Enter]
开/关锁定友军武器保险机制--------------[Shift][F]
强行重新装填(只适用立即行动)-----------[Alt][R]
========================僚机控制键================== 僚机攻击我的目标-----------------------[Ctrl][F1]
飞行小队攻击我的目标-------------------[Ctrl][F2]
飞行中队攻击我的目标-------------------[Ctrl][F3]
僚机重组队形---------------------------[Ctrl][F4]
在右侧并肩飞行-------------------------[Ctrl][F5]
在左侧并肩飞行-------------------------[Ctrl][F6]
排成纵队飞行---------------------------[Ctrl][F7]
排成右斜梯形飞行-----------------------[Ctrl][F8]
排成左斜梯形飞行-----------------------[Ctrl][F9]
集中队形-------------------------------[Ctrl][F10]
散开队形-------------------------------[Ctrl][F11]
====================座舱系统控制键================== 导航(NAV)HUD(抬头显示屏)模式-----------[1]
CCIP前指定HUD模式----------------------[2]
CCIP后指定HUD模式----------------------[3]
电子光学(EO)HUD模式--------------------[4]
飞弹(MSLS)HUD模式----------------------[5]
前置计算光学准星(LCOS)HUD模式----------[6]
扫射(STRF)HUD模式----------------------[7]
反雷达飞弹(ARM)HUD模式-----------------[8]
缠斗(DGFT)HUD模式----------------------[9]
降落(LND)HUD模式-----------------------[0]
[反向]/正向切换HUD模式-----------------([Shift])[H]
[反向]/正向切换导航点/武器-------------([Shift])[Tab]
(视HUD模式而定)
切换抬头显示屏的颜色-------------------[Ctrl][H]
[降低]/提高抬头显示屏反噪声等级--------([Shift])[U]
放大抬头显示屏-------------------------右数字键[+]
缩小抬头显示屏-------------------------右数字键[-]
将抬头显示屏回到默认值-----------------右数字键
反向切换雷达范围-----------------------
[Del]
正向切换雷达范围-----------------------[Ins]
辨识物体(现在的目标)-------------------[I]
切换真实/指示空速----------------------[Ctrl][A]
切换高度计模式(气压/雷达)--------------[J]
切换多功能显示屏(MFD)在屏幕的位置------[V]
[反向]/正向切换左侧多功能显示屏的模式--([Shift])[[]
[反向]/正向切换右侧多功能显示屏的模式--([Shift])[]]
切换多功能显示屏的颜色-----------------[Ctrl][M]
开/关Batchin' Betty系统---------------[Ctrl][B]
弹射警告-------------------------------[Esc]
弹射-----------------------------------[Esc][Esc]
====================显示系统控制键================== 切换抬头显示屏的颜色-------------------[Ctrl][H]
切换多功能显示屏的颜色-----------------[Ctrl][M]
切换提示讯息的颜色---------------------[Ctrl][N]
切换多功能显示屏(MFD)在屏幕的位置------[V]
==============摄影机(检视位置)控制键================== 座舱内部视野---------------------------[F1]
外部全区视野---------------------------[F2]
外部区域视野---------------------------[F3]
游戏视野-------------------------------[F4]
尾追视野-------------------------------[F5]
武器视野-------------------------------[F6]
观看目前的目标-------------------------[F7]
只显示HUD------------------------------[F9]
加大/减少摄影机的焦距------------------右数字键[+]/[-]
切换到预先定义的座舱视野---------------右数字键[1]~[9]
(仅适用内部视野)
绕着物体旋转摄影机---------------------右数字键[1]~[9]
(仅适用外部视野)
0度视野--------------------------------[Ctrl][上方向键]
180度视野------------------------------[Ctrl][下方向键]
270度视野------------------------------[Ctrl][左方向键]
90度视野-------------------------------[Ctrl][右方向键]
=====================物体视野控制键================== 同类型的下个物体-----------------------[Shift][N]
反向切换目前的物体类型(玩者、地面、空中)--[Shift][,]
正向切换目前的物体类型(玩者、地面、空中)--[Shift][.]
观看发射出去的武器---------------------[F6]
观看目前的目标-------------------------[F7]
=====================游戏控制键======================= 暂停-----------------------------------[P]或[Pause]
再多人模式中送出交谈讯息---------------[Alt][M]。