2019年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学物理化学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学物理化学考研真题A卷一、选择题。
请在答卷上填入正确答案代号。
(本大题共15小题, 每小题2分, 共30分) 1.下面的说法符合热力学第一定律的是()(A) 在一完全绝热且边界为刚性的密闭容器中发生化学反应时,其热力学能一定变化;(B) 在无功过程中, 热力学能变化等于过程热, 这表明热力学能增量不一定与热力学过程无关;(C) 封闭系统在指定的两个平衡态之间经历绝热变化时, 系统所做的功与途径无关;(D) 气体在绝热膨胀或绝热压缩过程中, 其热力学能的变化值与过程完成的方式无关。
2. H=Q p此式适用于哪一个过程: ()(A)理想气体从101325Pa的始态反抗恒定的压力10132.5Pa膨胀到终态;(B)在0℃、101325Pa下,冰融化成水;(C)电解CuSO4的水溶液;(D)气体从298K,101325Pa可逆变化到373K,10132.5Pa )。
3.已知水的下列5种状态:(1) 373.15K, pӨ, 液态 (2) 373.15K, 2 pӨ, 液态 (3) 373.15K, 2 pӨ, 气态(4) 374.15K, pӨ, 液态 (5) 374.15K, pӨ, 气态下列4组化学势的比较中,哪个不正确? ( )(A)μ2>μ1; (B) μ5>μ4; (C) μ3>μ5; (D) μ3 >μ1 。
4. 当发生极化现象时,两电极的电极电势将发生怎样的变化?()(A)阳极变得更正,阴极变得更负(B)阳极变得更负,阴极变得更正(C)两者都变得更正(D)两者都变得更负5.在实际气体的节流膨胀过程中,哪一组描述是正确的: ()(A)Q >0, H=0, p < 0;(B)Q=0, H <0, p >0 ;(C)Q=0, H =0, p <0;(D)Q <0, H =0, p <0。
6.已知反应 3O2(g) = 2O3(g) 在25℃时r H mӨ= J·mol-1,则对该反应有利的条件是:()(A) 升温升压 (B) 升温降压 (C) 降温升压 (D) 降温降压7.由CaCO3(s), CaO(s), BaCO3(s), BaO(s)及CO2(g)构成的平衡体系,其组分数C和自由度数f分别为:()(A)C=3, f=0;(B)C=2, f=2;(C) C=1, f=1;(D)C=4,f=1。
2019年云南昆明理工大学地质学基础考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学地质学基础考研真题A卷
1、概念题(共6小题,每题5分,共30分)
(1)变质作用
(2)洋中脊
(3)黑云母
(4)逆断层
(5)三叶虫
(6)板岩
2、简答题(共3小题,每题15分,共45分)
(1)简述内动力地质作用及类型。
(15分)
(2)简述海岸地貌类型。
(15分)
(3)简述地震的形成机理。
(15分)
3、论述题(共3小题,每题15分,共45分)
(1)试比较潮湿气候和干旱气候条件下湖泊的演化。
(15分)
(2)试比较平行不整合与角度不整合的特征差异和地质意义。
(15分)
(3)试论述三大岩类的相互转化。
(15分)
4、综合题(共1小题,每题30分)
(1)论述地球的圈层结构与圈层相互作用。
(30分)。
矿物加工工程学考试试题A卷
昆明理工大学硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:806 考试科目名称:矿物加工工程学(综合)试题适用招生专业:081902 矿物加工工程、085218 矿业工程一、名词解释(共30分,每题3分)1、品位2、选矿比3、磨矿机利用系数4、球形系数5、磁系偏角6、零电点7、浮选8、抑制剂9、疏水性矿物10、还原焙烧二、简答题(共36分,每题6分)1、矿石的选矿处理过程三个最基本的工艺过程是什么?各包括哪些内容?2、棒磨机的应用范围有哪些?3、水力旋流器的优缺点是什么?4、什么是化学选矿?其分选过程包括哪些步骤?5、起泡剂的作用有哪些?对起泡剂有哪些特殊要求?6、矿浆浓度对浮选有何影响?三、计算题(共24分,每题12分)1、某选厂采用3.2×3.1米格子型球磨机磨矿,衬板厚度100mm,问:⑴如果磨机实际工作转速为19转/分,试计算磨机转速率为多少?⑵如果磨机转速率达88%,试计算磨机实际工作转速为多少?2、某铁矿石磨至-200目74%时用磁选管选别,原矿100g,品位35%,测得磁精矿重量52g,品位60%,试计算尾矿产率和尾矿品位各是多少?四、综合题(共60分,每题30分)1、某铅锌矿矿石中主要金属矿物为方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿,并含极少量白铅矿、白红银矿、辉银矿。
脉石矿物为石英,其次为方解石、白云石等。
方铅矿呈他形晶粒或细脉状嵌布在黄铁矿、闪锌矿的间隙和裂隙中,粒度大部分在0.01~0.5mm之间。
铅锌黄铁矿有30%左右共生密切,其粒度在0.01mm以内。
闪锌矿粒度大部分在0.1~0.15mm。
矿石中黄铁矿、闪锌矿、方铅矿几种矿物含量占矿物总量的63.6%,是富铅锌黄铁矿石,原矿品位为:铅4%~5%,锌10%~12%,硫20%~23%。
试设计回收这三种有用成分的浮选原则流程及合理的药剂制度。
2、包头白云鄂博矿是含铁、稀土、铌、钪等的多金属大型共生矿,矿石中矿物种类多,各种矿物间嵌布关系复杂,不少矿物的粒度细小且物理化学性质相近,极其难选,是一个世界性的选矿难题。
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码:876考试科目名称:工程热力学
考生答题须知
1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
碎矿与磨矿(A)试卷答案
A、一种大球;B、一种小球;C、大小球有一定比例;D、两种球
10、为了提高磨矿作业的效率,通常选择(B)磨矿。
A、开路;B、闭路;C、自磨;D、砾磨
专业级,学生姓名:学号:(
三、名词解释(每小题3分,6小题共18分)
1、单体解离度
矿物的单体解离度指该矿物的单体解离数量与该矿物的连生体数量和单体解离数量之和的比值,用百分数表示。
3、小于3/4筛孔尺寸颗粒称为易筛粒;大于3/4筛孔尺寸但小于筛孔尺寸的颗粒称为难筛粒;
4、破碎机的施力形式主要有压碎、辟开、折断、弯曲和冲击等五种。
5、目前生产上广泛使用的碎矿机主要有颚式碎矿机、圆锥碎矿机、反击式碎矿机和辊式碎矿机四种。
6、球磨机内钢球的运动状态主要有泻落式,抛落式和离心运转三种。
解:根据题意, =60%,β=95%,θ=20%
筛分量效率:
筛分质效率:
答:该筛分机的筛分量效率为84.44%,筛分质效率为77.78%。该筛分机的筛分效果较好。
)考试科目:
3、颚式破碎机和旋回破碎机的优缺点比较
旋回破碎机与颚式破碎机相比具有以下优点:
(1)破碎腔深度大,生产能力高,单位电耗低;(2)工作平稳,振动小;(3)可以挤满给矿;(4)易于启动;(5)产品粒度特性好。
其缺点是:
(1)机身高,占用空间大;(2)机器重量大,设备投资大;(3)不适宜破碎潮湿和粘性矿石;(4)操作维护复杂。
2、圆锥碎矿机的工作原理
圆锥破碎机的破碎腔由可动圆锥和固定圆锥组成。可动圆锥的主轴支承在碎矿机横梁上面的悬挂点,并斜插在偏心轴套内。当主轴悬转时,可动圆锥在偏心轴套的作用下,沿周边靠近或离开固定圆锥。当可动圆锥靠近固定圆锥时,处于两锥体之间的矿石就被破碎,而其对面可动圆锥则刚好离开固定圆锥,已破碎的矿石靠自重作用经排矿口排出。圆锥破碎机的碎矿是连续进行的。
2018年、2019年昆明理工大学619无机化学考研真题考研试题
昆明理工大学2018年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码:619 考试科目名称:无机化学考生答题须知1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
(可能用到的原子原子序数:Cr 24;Ni 28;Zn 30;Cl 17;Co 27;Cd 48;Ag 47)一、选择(每题2分,共计22分)1. 在T,P相同下,气体A充满烧瓶时,测得A为0.34g,而充满O3时,测得其为0.48g,则气体A是( ) (A) O2 (B) SO2 (C) H2S (D) 无法判断2.水分子中氧原子的杂化轨道是( )(A) sp (B) sp2 (C) sp3 (D) dsp23.室温时,下列溶液中,凝固点最低的是( ) (A) 0.01 mol.kg-1 Na2 SO4 (B) 0.02 mol.kg-1 NaAc(C) 0.02 mol.kg-1 HAc (D) 0.03 mol.kg-1尿素溶液4.对于任一过程,下列叙述正确的是( )(A) 体系所作的功与反应途径无关(B) 体系的内能变化与反应途径无关(C) 体系所吸收的热量与反应途径无关(D) 以上叙述均不正确5.分几步完成的化学反应的总平衡常数是( )(A) 各步平衡常数之和(B) 各步平衡常数之平均值(C) 各步平衡常数之差(D) 各步平衡常数之积6.H2PO4-的共轭碱是( )(A) H3PO4 (B) HPO42-(C) H2PO3-(D) PO43-7.对于电极反应O2 + 4H++ 4e- 2H2O 来说,当P(O2 )= 100 kPa时,酸度对电极电势影响的关系式是( )ϕϕϕϕ(A) =θ + 0.0592 pH (B) = θ - 0.0592 pHϕϕϕϕ(C) = θ+ 0.0148 pH (D) = θ - 0.0148 pH8.某一可逆反应达平衡后,若反应速率常数k发生变化时,则平衡常数K ( )(A) 一定发生变化(B) 不变(C) 不一定变化(D) 与k无关9. ( ) 氢原子中3s,3p,3d,4s轨道能量高低的情况为( )(A) 3s<3p<3d<4s(B) 3s<3p<4s<3d(C) 3s=3p=3d=4s(D) 3s=3p=3d<4s10. ( )比较下列各组物质的熔点,正确的是( )(A) NaCl >NaF (B) CCl4>CBr4 (C) H2S >H2Te (D) FeCl3<FeCl211.下列分子中相邻共价键的夹角最小的是( )(A) BF3 (B) CCl4(C) NH3(D) H2O二、填空(每空2分,共28分)1. 已知∶[Co(NH3)6]Cl x 呈抗磁性,[Co(NH3)6]Cl y呈顺磁性,则x= _____,y=_____.2. 填写下列有工业价值的矿物的化学成分(写出化学式):(1) 萤石 _________________ ;(2) 生石膏 . 3. 3d轨道的主量子数为_________,角量子数为_________,可能的磁量子数为____________________________。
2019年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学英语考研真题A卷Section I Structure and Vocabulary( 15 points )Directions: In this part, there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence four alternatives A, B, C or D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET.1.Uncertainty about the economy is ___________ as serious unemployment takes place.A.limitedB. anywhereC. decreasedD. widespread2.Despite an easy-going man in character, Professor Harris’s comments on some academic arguments can be rather _______at times.A.harshB. preciseC. pleasantD. satiate3.In reading a newspaper, the editorial page is highly recommended not only for vocabulary but also for structuring and presenting thought.A worthy ofB wordy ofC rememberedD recommenced4.Being late for an appointment is annoying.A.irrigatingB. intriguingC. irritatingD. intimidating5.The criminal was asked to aid police in their inquiry.A.interviewB. questionC. investigationD. interrogation6.Tourists are being offered an excursion to see the biggest slum in Asia and experience for themselves the ____ the lives of the rich and the poor.A.disparity ofB. difference betweenC. disparity betweenD. differenceof7.Ask anyone why there is an obesity ______ and they will tell you that it's all down to eatingtoo much and burning too few calories.A.popularityB. currencyC. presentD. epidemic8. As a result of his method for early music education, Shinichi Suzuki _________ one of the world’s great violin teachers.A. knows thatB. has been known asC. is well known ofD. has been known for9. There are now many kinds of dictionaries, such as a dictionary of synonyms and antonyms, a biographical dictionary, and a geographical dictionary _____.A. with pronunciations givenB. that has pronunciations givenC. that have pronunciations givenD. that do have pronunciations given10. Each night when______ , my parents lit the fire in the bedroom.A. the temperature fellB. that the temperature did fallC. the temperature fell downD. because the temperature fell11. With ______spring, plants in the wildness grew greener.A the advent ofB arriving atC is arrived inD advention of12. __________the importance of taking notes in class in the first year of college.A. Little did he realizeB. A little he realizedC.He realized a littleD. He did realize little13. Each occupation has its own jargon ; bankers, lawyers and computer professionals, for example, all use among themselves language which outsiders _________.A.have difficulty to followB. have difficult followingC. have difficulty followingD. have difficulty of following14.Many people at that time believed that spices _______ food; however, Hall found that many marketed spices were teeming with bacteria, moulds and yeasts.A.helped preserveB. help preserveC. helps preserveD. help to preserve15.General Patton outwitted his enemy in that he trained his soldiers into an army always ready to fight anytime and anywhere. Here “outwitted” could be replaced with ____.A.was as smart asB. was so wise thatC. was cleverer thanD. was never so cunning asSection II. Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A, B, C and D. You should decide on the BEST choices and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneI recently revisited the city which I was born in, which is a place well known for a castle built on a rock overlooking the surrounding plains, and even better known for a legendary figure who robbed the rich to give to the poor. As I toured the castle and its museum, visited the town center, and roamed around old haunts, I reflected on how the buildings that people of different eras build reflect their central preoccupations.The castle was originally built in the eleventh century, and remained important for several centuries. Throughout the medieval period castles and fortified houses were built. The powerful landowners surveyed and dominated the surrounding lands, the source of their wealth and prestige.Once the industrial era began, castles were sidelined. The merchants and factory owners built town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildings. The town center reflects this era. An imposing town hall, complete with massive pillars and monumental lions, overlooks the town square. The square is surrounded by equally massive blocks of shops, banks and offices, built to reflect the power of trade in the heyday of the British Empire.Most people, who enter the city today never visit the castle or the old market square, head for the two shopping malls situated at either end of the city center. Here the visitor can shop to their hearts content in an environment of glass and polished chrome. Modern man is no longer a warrior defending his land, or a builder of churches, or a governor of people: he is primarily a consumer. The buildings our generation leaves to posterity will reflect our predominant interest--- shopping.16.The author's approach to the topic can best be described asA.How people change their mind when paying a visitB.Tourists today are less historical-mindedC.A comparative look between the old and the modernD.Shopping is more significant than castle visits17.According to the author, the central preoccupation of different eras could be reflected through _____.A.their landsB. their interestsC. the plains that could be overlookedD. the way they make their buildings18.Castles prove to be useful, in this passage, _____.A.before the industrial revolutionB. when tourists want to shop in themC. as merchants and governors like them to beD. because they are imposing19.Which of the following is the symbol of the British Empire, according to the passage?A.The castles and fortified houses.B. Massive blocks of shops, banks and offices.C. Building with glass and polished chrome.D. Town halls, churches, factories and imposing office buildingsPassage TwoThe study of ecology has taught us that diversity is important to stabilityin the natural world. Modern agricultural practices and other human interventionsin the environment reduces the number of interacting species making the ecosystem vulnerable and unstable.Similarly, human society in its progress toward the cliched global village is liable to make the world less stable not more stable. We are eliminating languages, traditional diets, and eroding cultural practices at an alarming rate. The whole world wants to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes. But will this homogeneity be good for the human species? Biologists would tend to say no.Certainly a world where we can all understand each other and share common interests is appealing on one level. But how infinitely poorer we will all be if we travel 5000 miles from home only to find no new people, no new places, no new ways of living, just a copy of what you experience back home.20.According to the author, to speak the same language, eat the same food and wear the same clothes are _____.A.the wishes of people around the worldB.study of biology is of primary importantC.of more demerits than meritsD. keeping the world stable21. The author implies that ______.A.human intervention into the natural environment may reduce the number of speciesB.human intervention into the natural environment may cause the invulnerabilityof ecosystemC. agricultural practices influence interaction between speciesD. agricultural practice is one of the causes for the stability of ecosystem.22. It is true, according to the passage, that ____.A.if we travel 5,000 miles, we will become poorerB.traveling to new places and meeting new people will make us poorer than everC.if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, what’s the use of traveling?D. if we cannot see the differences when traveling afar, we can infinitely eat the same food and wear the same clothes23. The word “homogeneity” may probably mean______.A.homo sapiensB. homosexualityC. samenessD. homelinessPassage ThreeSmith’s 1776 work, "An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations," also shortened as "The Wealth of Nations," appeared at the dawn of industrial development in Europe. While critics note that Smith didn't invent many of the ideas that he wrote about, he was the first person to compile and publish them in a format designed to explain them to the average reader of the day. As a result, he is responsible for popularizing many of the ideas that underpin the school of thought that became known as classical economics.Other economists built on Smith's work to solidify classical economic theory,which would become the dominant school of economic thought through the Great Depression. In this book, Smith discussed the stages of evolution of society, from a hunter stage without property rights or fixed residences to nomadic agriculture with shifting residences. A feudal society is the next stage. In this stage, laws, and property rights are established to protect privileged classes. Laissez-faire (自由放任)or free markets characterize modern society in which new institutions are established to conduct market transactions.Laissez-faire philosophies, such as minimizing the role of government intervention and taxation in the free markets, and the idea that an "invisible hand" guides supply and demand are among the key ideas Smith's writing is responsible for promoting. These ideas reflect the concept that each person, by looking out for him or herself, inadvertently helps to create the best outcome for all. "It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we can expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest," Smith wrote.24.In the 1st paragraph, the author says that ____.A.ideas in “the Wealth of Nations”had never been known to ordinary readers before Smith proposed themB.it was not until the publication of Smith’s book did some of the ideas become popularC.these ideas had long been known to people in Europe but Smith framed them into his writingD.Smith didn’t invent any of these ideas that he wrote about,but he was the first to know about them.25.In the 2nd paragraph, Smith divided stages of social evolution into _____.A.three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal society and each is distinguished with property rightB.two stages, i.e., stage of hunter and nomadic agriculture, and stage of feudal society and each is distinguished with fixed residenceC.four stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture, stage of feudalsociety and stage of privileged classes, each distinguished with shifting residence D. three stages, i.e., hunter stage, stage of nomadic agriculture and stage of feudal society, each distinguished with fixed residence, shifting residence and property right26. Which of the following is not the key idea of Adam Smith?A.There is an invisible hand guiding supply and demand in the free market.ernment should give the least intervention into the market.C.Each person should work inadvertently on their own.D.A baker’s interest may bring us the meal that we expect.27.“Invisible hand” in this context refers to _____.A.demand and supply in a free market could be regulated on its ownernment’s role could be self-reduced through minimizationC.benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker cannot be seenD.ideas proposed by Smith are invisible but have to be written and publishedPassage FourArtificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. These processes include learning (the acquisition of information and rules for using the information), reasoning (using rules to reach approximate or definite conclusions) and self-correction. Particular applications of AI include expert systems, speech recognition and machine vision.AI can be categorized as either weak or strong. Weak AI, also known as narrow AI, is an AI system that is designed and trained for a particular task. Virtual personal assistants, such as Apple's Siri, are a form of weak AI. Strong AI, also known as artificial general intelligence, is an AI system with generalized human cognitive abilities. When presented with an unfamiliar task, a strong AI system is able to find a solution without human intervention.Because hardware, software and staffing costs for AI can be expensive, many vendors are including AI components in their standard offerings, as well as access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service (AIaaS) platforms. AI as a Service allows individuals and companies to experiment with AI for various business purposes and sample multiple platforms before making a commitment. Popular AI cloud offerings include Amazon AI services, IBM Watson Assistant, Microsoft Cognitive Services and Google AI services.Some industry experts believe that the term artificial intelligence is too closely linked to popular culture, causing the general public to have unrealistic fears about artificial intelligence and improbable expectations about how it will change the workplace and life in general. Researchers and marketers hope the label augmented intelligence, which has a more neutral connotation, will help people understand that AI will simply improve products and services, not replace the humans that use them.28.The machine that owns the processes to ______could be called AI.A.learn, correct itself and recognize speechB. to see, learn by itself and recognizeC. to correct itself and learn by itself and judge on its ownD. to recognize human speech, play the role of expert and hear what human says29. The main difference between strong and weak AI is that_____.A. strong AI is based on more general cognitive ability than a weak oneB. a weak AI can fulfill a particular mission more efficiently than a strong oneC. given an unfamiliar task, a weak AI would recognize it immediatelyD. could be found in Apple’s Siri, Google, Amazon and IBM, etc.30. Access to Artificial Intelligence as a Service platforms is allowed because_____.A. experiment with AI for various business purposes could be very expensiveB. sampling multiple platforms before making a commitment is importantC. cost to AI as a service is so high that no individual or company could afford itD. costs to make AI is so high that no individual or company could afford it31. The main human concern over AI in this passage mainly refers to ______.A. whether AI will help them with difficult jobsB. that AI will finally take their placeC. whether AI will use themD. if AI will improve products and servicesPassage FiveScientific investigation is a studious research or inquiry; especially examination or experimentation aimed at the discovery and interpretation of facts, revision of accepted theories or laws in the light of new facts, or practical application of such new or revised theories or laws. While the techniques that scientists use to conduct research may differ across disciplines, like mathematics, physics, biology, chemistry, literature, history, philosophy, or any other scientific field, the underlying principles and objectives are similar. The scientific method, for instance, is defined in The Oxford English Dictionary as “a method or procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypothesis.”The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind. It is simply the mode at which all phenomena are reasoned about, rendered precise and exact. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graduated weights. It is not that the action of scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but the beam of one is set on a indefinitely finer axis than the other, and of course turns by the addition of a much smaller weight.32.Methods of scientific investigation, regardless of natural science and social science or humanities studies, are____.A.different in essenceB. of great difference in scaleC. similar in phenomenaD. basically similar33. According to the passage, the difference between a chemist and a butcher weighing something is that ____.A. the former operates more mentally than the latterB. the former does it more indefinitelyC. the latter does it with less principle than the formerD. the latter balances less than the former34. Which of the following may serve as the best topic for this passage?A. Scientific researches and experimentation.B. What is meant by method of scientific investigation?C. How to demonstrate a hypothesis?D. Differences of scientific investigation across disciplines.35. Which of the following is true, according to the passage?A. The Oxford English Dictionary does not mentioned social science when giving definition of scientific method.B. The scale used by a baker is not the same as that of a scientist.C.The Oxford English Dictionary’s definition of scientific method includes systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, but not modification of hypothesis.D. The method of scientific investigation is nothing of the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind.Section III Translation (25 points)Part One English-Chinese Translation (15 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.36.In science, validity is the extent to which a concept, conclusion, or measurement is well founded and corresponds accurately to the real world. It has also been defined as an overall assessment of the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretation of the scores entailed by proposed uses of the instrument. To phrase it simply, validity refers to the degree to which evidence and theory support the interpretations of measures. These definitions prompt questions about the “real” meaning and interpretation of scores collected with health measurement instruments. The word “valid” is derived from the Latin “validus,” meaning strong. In that sense, the validity of a measurement instrument is the degree to which it measures what it claims to measure.Part Two Chinese - English Translation (10 points)Directions: Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into English. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET.37.用另一种语言工作可能会又尴尬又有挑战性,但是它也会有非常多的积极面。
昆明理工大学802地质学基础2009--2019年考研真题
昆明理工大学2009年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:803考试科目名称:地质学基础试题适用招生专业:矿产普查与勘探,地球探测与信息技术,地质工程,旅游地与地质遗迹,矿产资源经济,地球化学,构造地质学考生答题须知1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2010年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:802 考试科目名称:地质学基础试题适用招生专业:070902地球化学、070904构造地质学、081801矿产普查与勘探、081802地球探测与信息技术、081803地质工程、081820旅游地质与地质遗迹、081821矿产资源经济、430118地质工程考生答题须知5.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
6.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
7.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
8.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2011年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷)考试科目代码:802 考试科目名称:地质学基础试题适用招生专业:070902 地球化学、070904 构造地质学、081801 矿产普查与勘探、081802 地球探测与信息技术、081803 地质工程、081820 旅游地质与地质遗迹、081821 矿产资源经济、085217 地质工程考生答题须知9.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
2019年云南昆明理工大学建筑学基础考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学建筑学基础考研真题A卷一、建筑历史(60分,占40%)1.词解题(10分)1)坦比哀多2)包豪斯学派3)井干式民居4)均质空间5)藻井2.图解题(20分)1)传统的中国建筑与西方建筑屋顶曲线是不同的,其原因在于中西方的主要建筑类型使用的材料是不同的,前者大量使用木材,而后者大量使用石材等块状材料并形成了相应的结构。
试根据下面两种屋面曲线,补充形成典型的中国和西方屋顶剖面结构简图。
2)以上述两种结构为基础,简要图示中西建筑相对的三种特征。
3.简答题(30分)1)根据因格尔斯的《漫画建筑进化论》,他的主要观点yes is more来自于密斯的less is more,试根据你的理解,简要谈谈二者的联系。
2)从17世纪始,在欧洲的古典建筑中开始出现了“中国风”建筑,英国艺术史学家休·昂纳在《中国风:遗失在西方800年的中国元素》中认为,在19世纪以前的大部分西方人心目中,中国并非真实的场景,而仅仅是一个幻境;虽然不乏中国元素,但像哥特风一样,中国风归根结底仍是一种欧洲风格,它表明的是欧洲人对一个在距离上遥远、心理上神秘的古老国度的理想化的认识和理解,而非某些汉学家所言,仅仅是对中国艺术的拙劣模仿或者某些中国元素的运用。
同样,在我国改革开放以后,开始流行所谓的“欧陆风”建筑,试根据上述材料和你的认识,简要谈谈二者的相同点。
二、建筑技术(60分,占40%)1.论述题(12分)“中国建筑气候区划图”划分了七个建筑气候分区。
请以北京、武汉、昆明三城市为例,分别阐述所在热工分区名称以及对建筑基本要求。
2.综合题(48分)1)墙体构造(本题共23分)(1)标准机制砖的规格是53×115×240(mm),“顺面”尺寸是(),通常所说的“37”墙,实际尺寸是(),砌筑时上下两皮砖要求()搭接。
(3分)(2)幕墙属于骨架墙,请简述幕墙的构造特点。
(10分)(3)墙体保温设计时,复合墙可以提高墙体热阻。
2019年云南昆明理工大学普通化学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学普通化学考研真题A 卷一、名词解释(45分,每小题5分)1、相2、状态函数3、反应热4、自发反应5、活化能6、物质的量浓度7、氧化还原反应8、元素周期律9、同分异构体二、填空题(30分,每空2分)1、对于反应:N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) == 2NH 3(g) △r H m Ө(298.15K) = — 92.2 kJ .mol -1 若升高温度(例如升高100K),则下列各项将如何变化(填写:不变,基本不变,增大或减小。
)△r H m Ө ,△r S m Ө ,△r G m Ө , K Ө 。
2、用铂作阳极,铜作阴极电解CuSO 4溶液时,则阳极反应为 ,阴极反应为__________________________。
3、某放热反应的∑vB(g) > 0,则升高温度( p 不变)时,化学平衡的移动方向为 ;在增大压力( T 不变)时平衡移动方向 。
4、判断过程:C 6H 6(l) = C 6H 6(g) 的焓变∆H_______, 熵变∆S_______;(填>0、<0或=0)。
5、熵是体系 的量度,熵的单位是 。
6、酸碱质子理论认为: 是酸, 是碱,H 2S 是酸,其共轭碱是 。
三、计算题(75分)1、试计算石灰石(CaCO 3)热分解反应的△θH (298.15K)和△θS (298.15K) ,并初步分析该反应的自发性。
已知△f θH (CaCO 3,298.15K)=-1206.92kJ ·mol -1,△f θH (CaO ,298.15K)=-635.09kJ ·mol -1,△f θH (CO 2,298.15K)=-393.509kJ ·mol -1,△f θS (CaCO 3,298.15K)=92.9J ·mol -1·K -1,△f θS (CaO ,298.15K)=39.75 J ·mol -1·K -1,△f θS (CO 2,298.15K)=213.74 J ·mol -1·K -1。
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生入学考试初试试题考试科目:628-2019西综试题-A卷
D.易被蛋白酶水解
25.关于酶的叙述,错误的是
A.酶促反应具有特异性
B.酶能对特异底物起高效催化作用
C.所有的酶都是蛋白质
D.酶是机体内催化各种代谢反应最主要的催化剂
26.糖酵解的终产物是
A.乳酸
B. 3-磷酸甘油醛
C.丙酮酸
D.乙酰CoA
27.最直接联系核苷酸合成与糖代谢的物质是
1.由肾上腺皮质束状带细胞分泌的激素主要是
A.醛固酮
B.脱氢表雄酮
C.雌二醇
D.皮质醇
2.甲肝神经兴奋时血糖浓度迅速升高,这是下列哪种激素的作用
A.胰高血糖素
B.生长激素
C.肾上腺素
D.糖皮质激素
3.在环境温度低于30℃,机体处于安静状态下的主要散热方式是
A.辐射散热
B.传导散热
C.对流散热
D.不感蒸发
D.对内环境变化敏感
11.下列选项中,主要与毒蕈碱样有关的是
A.心脏活动加强
B.支气管痉挛
C.胃肠道活动减弱
D.瞳孔扩大
12.下列关于肺表面活性物质的描述,错误的是
A.能降低肺的顺应性
B.能降低肺泡表面张力
C.能减少肺的弹性阻力
D.由肺泡Ⅱ型细胞分泌
E.脂质成分为二棕榈酰卵磷脂
13.下列激素属于类固醇激素的是
A.葡萄糖
B. 6-磷酸葡萄糖
C. 1-磷酸葡萄糖
D. 1,6-二磷酸果糖
E. 5-磷酸核糖
28.遗传密码的简并性是指表多个氨基酸
C.多个密码子可代表同一氨基酸
D.密码子与反密码子之间不严格配对
E.所有生物可使用同一套密码
29.下列选项中,不属于重组DNA技术常用工具酶的是
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题A卷
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题(A卷) 考试科目代码:813 考试科目名称:运筹学
考生答题须知
1.所有题目(包括填空、选择、图表等类型题目)答题答案必须做在考点发给的答题纸上,做在本试题册上无效。
请考生务必在答题纸上写清题号。
2.评卷时不评阅本试题册,答题如有做在本试题册上而影响成绩的,后果由考生自己负责。
3.答题时一律使用蓝、黑色墨水笔或圆珠笔作答(画图可用铅笔),用其它笔答题不给分。
4.答题时不准使用涂改液等具有明显标记的涂改用品。
昆明理工大学2019年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题。
2019年云南昆明理工大学光学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学光学考研真题A 卷一、选择题 (单选,每题5分,共60分)1、同一单色光在下列哪种介质中传播时波长最短(A)石英 (B)水 (C)有机玻璃 (D)空气2、下列的哪一个参数在几何光学中不用来描述成像光线的位置(A )光线与光轴的夹角 (B )光线与光轴的交点位置(C )光线在折射面上的投射高 (D )光线与折射面的夹角3、一束单色光射入三棱镜中,则出射光将(A)分为多束 (B)与入射光方向相同(C)朝棱镜变厚的一侧偏折 (D)朝棱镜变薄的一侧偏折4、几何光学中定义的主平面是指(A )过透镜顶点的一对切平面 (B )垂轴放大率为+1的一对物像共轭面(C )轴向放大率为+1的一对物像共轭面 (D )角放大率为+1的一对物像共轭面5、几何光学中所说的理想成像是指(A)成实像 (B)成正立像 (C)成高斯像 (D)1:1成像6、与工作于空气中相比,当透镜工作于水中时(A)焦距不变 (B)数值孔径不变 (C)数值孔径变大 (D)数值孔径变小7、用单色光照射迈克尔逊干涉仪观察干涉条纹,若观察到的干涉条纹为间距为Δl 的平行条纹,则Δl 的大小(即条纹的疏密)取决于来自两光臂相干光的:(A )空间相干性 (B )时间相干性 (C )光程差 (D )夹角8、在真空中波长为λ的单色光,在折射率为n 的透明介质中从A 沿某路径传播到B ,若A 、B 两点相位差为3π,则此路径AB 的光程为(A )1.5 λ (B )1.5 λ / n (C )1.5 n λ (D ) 3 λ9、光强为0I 的自然光依次通过两个偏振片1P 和2P ,1P 和2P 的偏振化方向的夹角,30. =α则透射偏振光的强度I 是(A )40I (B )430I (C )230I (D )038I10、一束自然光以布儒斯特角自空气射向一块平板玻璃,其折射光从玻璃中射向另一分界面,并发生反射,则该反射光是(A )自然光 (B )完全偏振光,且光矢量的振动方向垂直于反射面(C ) 完全偏振光,且光矢量的振动方向平行于反射面 (D ) 部分偏振光11、一束平行单色光垂直入射在衍射光栅上,当光栅常数(a +b )为下列哪种情况时(a 代表每条缝的宽度),k =2、4、6……等级次的主极大均不出现(A )a +b =2a (B )a +b =3a(C )a +b =4a (D )a +b =5a12、设光栅平面、透镜均与屏幕平行。
2019昆明理工大学849有机化学试题A卷考研真题硕士研究生专业课考试试题
OH
OMe
OMe
OH
A、
B、
C、
D、
HO
OH
OH
OH
OMe
3、下列构象最稳定的是( )
H OH A、
CH3 H
OH
CH3
H
B、
H
H
HH
H
H CH3 C、
H H
H
HH
CH3 OH
D、
OH HH
4、下列碳正离子稳定性大小次序排列正确的是( )
+
A、
B、
+ C、
+
+
CH2 D、
A、A>B>C>D B、A>C>D>B C、C>A>D>B D、B>C>D>A
NH2
A、a>b>c>d B、b>c>d>a C、d>c>b>a D、c>b>a>d
第 2 页 共 4页
昆明理工大学 2019 年硕士研究生招生入学考试试题
7、下列各组卤烃发生 SN1 反应速度由大到小的顺序是( ) a) CH3CH=CHCH2Cl; b) CH3CHClCH3; c) CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl; d) CH3CH2CH=CHCl A、a> b>c>d B、a>b>d>c C、c>d>a>b D、d>a>b>c
8、下列各化合物最易溶于浓硫酸的是( )
A、
B、
C、
D、
9、下列化合物与 AgNO3 的醇溶液反应速度快慢顺序为( )
a)
Cl b)
I c)
Br d)
Br
A、b>d>a>c B、b>d>c>a C、c>a>b>d
D、a>d>b>c
10、下列化合物与金属钠反应的活性顺序为( )
2019年云南昆明理工大学环境生态学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学环境生态学考研真题A卷一、单项选择题(每小题2分,共30分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意。
)1.种群生态学的核心内容是()。
A.种群增长B.种群关系C.种群动态D.种群暴发2.群落外貌主要取决于()。
A.优势种植物B.建群种植物C.伴生种植物D.亚优势种植物3.东北某林区,山底是落叶阔叶林,中部是红松林,山顶是冷杉林,造成这种分布状况的主要因素是()。
A.阳光B.水分C.温度D.土壤4.群落调查中,群落中某一物种出现的样方数占全部样方数的百分比称为()。
A.相对频度B.频度C.频度比D.相对显著度5.莲藕的通气组织属于()。
A.外环境B.区域环境C.微环境D.内环境6.在一个种群内,不同年龄段的个体数量表现为:幼年最多,老年最少,中年居中,这个种群的年龄结构形状呈()。
A.金字塔型B.壶型C.钟型D.混合型7.群落调查中,某一物种的密度占群落中密度最高的物种密度的百分比称为()。
A.相对多度B.绝对密度C.相对密度D.密度比8.苔藓、蘑菇、白蚁、蜘蛛等均以林中枯死的朽木为生,这些生物组成了()。
A.种群B.群落C.生态系统D.食物链9.在南美洲的一种没有自卫能力的文鸟,选择最凶狠、最有毒的黄蜂为其邻居,借以保护自己,二者之间的种间关系属于()。
A.偏利共生B.互利共生C.原始协作D.寄生10.中国植物群落分类原则是()。
A.生态学原则B.动态原则C.群落学—生态学原则D.植物区系学原则11.先锋植物在裸地上出现时,其空间格局通常是()。
A.均匀型B.随机型C.群聚型D.分散型12.联合国环境规划署(UNEP)公布的2018年世界环境日的主题是()。
A.One Earth One FamilyB.Our Earth,Our Habitat,Our HomeC.Connecting People to NatureD.Beat Plastic Pollution13.下列属于地带性顶级的群落是()。
2019年云南昆明理工大学普通物理考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学普通物理考研真题A卷一、名词解释(共30分)1、牛顿运动定律。
(6分)2、动量恒定律和能量守恒定律。
(6分)3、热力学第一定律。
(6分)4、库仑定律。
(6分)5、光学仪器的分辨本领。
(6分)二、计算题(共120分)1、(本题20分)一雨滴的初始质量为m0,在重力的影响下由静止开始下落,假定此雨滴从云中吸收水汽增大质量,其质量的增长率正比于它的瞬时质量和瞬时速率的乘积,即dm,式中k为常量。
试证明雨滴的速率实际上最后成为常量,并给出终极速率的kmvdt表达式。
(忽略空气的阻力)(20分)2、(本题20分)有n个人站在铁路上静止的平板车上,每人的质量为m,平板车的质量为M。
他们以相对于平板车的速度u跳离平板车的某端,平板车无摩擦地沿相反方向滑动。
(20分)(1)如果所有的人同时跳车,平板车的最终速度是多少?(2)如果他们一个一个地跳离(在一个时刻只有一个人跳),平板车的最终速度又是多少?(3)在情况(1)和(2)中,哪种情况最终速度较大?3、(本题20分)质量为M、温度为T0的氦气装在容积为V的封闭容器中,容器以速率v作匀速直线运动。
若容器突然停止运动,定向运动的动能全部转化为分子热运动的动能,试求平衡后氦气的温度和压强各增大多少?(容器绝热)(20分)4、(本题20分)如图所示,在半径为R、体电荷密度为ρ的均匀带电球体内挖去半径为R’的一小球,小球中心O’和大球中心O相距a。
(1)求在O’点的场强。
(2)试证明空腔内各点的场强是相等的。
5、(本题20分)如图所示,在粗糙的水平面上有一弹簧振子,已知物体的质量是m=1.0 kg ,弹簧的弹性系数是k=100 N/m ,摩擦系数μ=0.2。
现把物体m 从平衡位置拉伸0.07m 后释放,振子由静止开始运动,运动方程的普遍形式可写为0cos(t )B x A ωφ=++。
(1)确定振子释放后向左运动的运动方程;(2)求物体m 到达最左端的时间。
2019年云南昆明理工大学有机化学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学有机化学考研真题A卷一、命名下列化合物(每题1分,共10分)1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、二、填空题(每空2分,共30分)三、选择题(每题2分,共30分)1、下列化合物在水中溶解度最小的是()A、CH3CH2CH2OHB、CH3CH2CHOC、CH3OCH2CH3D、CH3COOH2、下列化合物哪一个熔点最低?()3、下列构象最稳定的是()4、下列碳正离子稳定性大小次序排列正确的是()A、A>B>C>DB、A>C>D>BC、C>A>D>BD、B>C>D>A5、下列化合物酸性强弱的顺序为()a、CH3CH2OHb、CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3c、CH3CH2COOHd、CH3CH(Cl)COOHA、a>b>c>dB、d>c>b>aC、d>c>a>bD、c>d>b>a6、下列化合物碱性强弱顺序是()A、a>b>c>dB、b>c>d>aC、d>c>b>aD、c>b>a>d7、下列各组卤烃发生S N1反应速度由大到小的顺序是()A、a> b>c>dB、a>b>d>cC、c>d>a>bD、d>a>b>c8、下列各化合物最易溶于浓硫酸的是()9、下列化合物与AgNO3的醇溶液反应速度快慢顺序为()A、b>d>a>cB、b>d>c>aC、c>a>b>dD、a>d>b>c10、下列化合物与金属钠反应的活性顺序为()a、CH3OHb、CH3CH2CH2OHc、CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3d、(CH3)3COHA、a>b>c>dB、a>b>d>cC、c>d>b>aD、d>b>a>c11、能与饱和NaHSO3溶液反应,但不与Ag(NH3)2NO3作用的是()12、制取碘苯应选用的方案为()13、分子式为C8H10的化合物,核磁共振谱只有两个吸收单峰(δ=7.2、δ=2.3),其可能的结构为()A、苯B、乙苯C、对二甲苯D、苯乙烯14、下列化合物在亲核加成反应中的活性顺序是()A、d >c>b>aB、a>b>c>dC、a>b>d>cD、b>a>c>d15、反应CH3COCH3→ CH3COOH 应选择的氧化剂是()A、I2 / NaOHB、O3C、KMnO4D、HNO3四、用化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物(每题5分,共20分)1、乙醇,乙醛,丙醛,乙酸2、苯酚,苯甲醚,苯甲醇3、乙酸乙酯,乙酰乙酸乙酯五、结构推断(每题10分,共20分)1、分子式为C4H6的三个异构体A、B、C能发生如下反应:(1)三个异构体都能与溴反应,对于等摩尔样品而言,与B和C反应的溴的用量是A的2倍;(2)三者都能和HCl反应,而B和C在Hg2+ 催化下和HCl作用得到同一种产物;(3)B和C能迅速和含HgSO4的硫酸溶液作用得到分子式为C4H8O的化合物;(4)B能和硝酸银氨溶液作用生成白色沉淀。
2019年云南昆明理工大学环境工程学考研真题A卷
2019年云南昆明理工大学环境工程学考研真题A卷第一部分水污染控制工程(合计75分)一、选择题(共22分。
1~8题为单选题,每题2分; 9~10题为多选题,每题3分。
)1)延时曝气法对应细菌生长曲线的()阶段。
A 适应期B 对数增长期C 减速增长期D 内源呼吸期2)生物脱氮过程中,()阶段需要投加碱度。
A 氨化阶段B 反硝化阶段C 硝化阶段D 沉淀阶段3)滤料的不均匀系数常用K80表示,其含义是()。
A d80/d5B d80/d10C d80/d20D d10/d804)将380mg固体混合物溶于500ml水中,体系混合均匀后,用古氏坩埚过滤,滤渣为220mg,在600℃下对滤渣灼烧1h,残余物为130 mg,则废水中SS与VSS的含量(mg/L)分别为() A 320,90 B 440,180 C 320,180 D 440,2605)高浓度有机废水处理单元中,最常用的生物处理技术单元有()A 厌氧生物滤池B 氧化沟C CASSD UASB6)核算厌氧消化产沼气的体积时,1g COD的理论产气量(标况下)为()A 0.32 LB 0.30 LC 0.28 LD 0.35 L7)下列离子与碱度相关性最小的是()A SO42-B OH-C HCO3-D HS-8)采用膜技术处理废水时,所需推动力最大的是()。
A 反渗透B 纳滤C 微滤D 电滤析9)在水污染的来源中,下列污染不属于面源污染的有()。
A 工业废水B 养殖废水C 农药D 化肥10)下列方法中,可用于处理含酚废水的技术有()。
A 臭氧氧化法B 电解氧化法C 活性炭吸附法D 普通快滤池二、问答题(30分)1)相比普通活性污泥法技术,采用生物膜法技术处理废水的优缺点是什么?(7分)2)什么是高级氧化技术?试简述三种废水高级氧化技术,并对其工艺条件简要说明。
(7分)3)基于压缩双电层理论说明废水混凝作用机理。
(7分)4)说明废水处理A-B法工艺特点及微生物的生长特性。
矿山岩体力学试卷及答案-2019级
《矿山岩体力学》考试题及答案(120分钟)(A 卷)班级 姓名 学号 成绩 _____ _______一、名词解释(每小题4分,共10题,共40分)1. 圣维南原理2. 逆解法3. 岩石孔隙率4. 延性破坏5. 蠕变6. 结构面线连续性系数7. 围岩应力8. 支承压力9. 构造应力10. 地应力的间接测量法二、简答题(每小题8分,共3题,共24分)1. 写出二维直角坐标下的弹性力学基本方程?2. 作岩石应力—应变全过程曲线示意图,并简述各个阶段特点?3. 简述具有单结构面的岩体强度如何确定?三、计算题(每小题12分,共3题,共36分)1. 已知一点的六个应力分量为MPa x 3=σ,MPa y 1=σ,MPa z 1=σ,MPa yz 1=τ,MPa zx 0=τ,MPa xy 0=τ,试求出该点的三个主应力大小和最大主应力的方向?2. 将某一岩石试件进行单轴压缩实验,其压应力达到28MPa 时发生破坏,破坏面与水平面的夹角为60°,设该岩石满足摩尔-库仑破坏准则,(1)试求该岩石的内摩擦角φ和粘聚力C ,写出摩尔-库仑方程式?(2)画出此受力状态时的摩尔-库仑破坏准则示意图。
3. 在地下400m 深处,掘进一个圆形巷道,断面半径为5m ,覆盖岩层的容重3/25m kN =γ,侧压力系数为1,试求:(1)求离巷道壁面2m 处围岩的径向应力ρσ和环向应力θσ大小?(2)绘出巷道顶板中线和侧壁中线处的r -ρσ和r -θσ曲线图。
《矿山岩体力学》考试题(A 卷)答案一、名词解释(每小题4分,共10题,共40分)1. 圣维南原理:如果把物体的一小部分边界上的面力,变换为分布不同但静力等效的面力(主矢量相同,对于同一点的主矩也相同),那么,近处的应力分布将有显著的改变,但远处所受的影响可以不计。
2. 逆解法:先设定各种形式的、满足相容方程的应力函数,并求出应力分量;然后再根据应力边界条件和弹性体的边界形状,看这些应力分量对应于边界上什么样的面力,从而得知所选取的应力函数可以解决的问题。
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2019年云南昆明理工大学矿物岩石学考研真题A卷
一、名词解释(每题5分,共 30分)
1、结晶习性;
2、矿物共生;
3、光率体;
4、超镁铁岩;
5、斑状结构;
6、页岩
二、简答题
1、试举例说明矿物的光泽与矿物的颜色、条痕、透明度之间的相互关系?(10分)
2、简述晶体对称分类以及各晶系的晶体常数特点。
(10分)
3、简述叠层构造、缝合线构造、示底构造和鸟眼构造的特点。
(10分)
4、简述鲍文反应系列的内容及其意义。
(8分)
5、简述变质岩中变晶结构的划分及其特征。
(12分)
6、简述岩浆岩中SiO2与六种氧化物FeO、MgO、Na2O、K2O、Al2O3、CaO 之间的关系。
(10分)
三、论述题
1、从手标本上鉴定一种矿物时,需要观察和描述哪些内容?并举例说明。
(20分)
2、试述陆源碎屑岩的分类及其各类岩石的基本特征。
(15分)
3、对下列岩石进行合理分类,并从矿物成分、结构、构造三个方面阐述其岩石的主要特征。
(25分)
大理岩;辉长岩;鲕状灰岩;玄武岩;片岩;辉绿岩;片麻岩。