英美概论1

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英美概况之美国Unit1

英美概况之美国Unit1

The national flag
50 stars: 50 states 13 stripes: the f i r s t 13 states that used to be
colonies red: valor and hardiness white: innocence and purity blue: vigilance, perseverance and justice
The Central valley of Californ highly productive area basic field crops as sugar beets, beans, rice and cotton
Climate
The United States is mainly situated i the northern temperate zone.
Administrative States
· 50 states The largest in area: Alaska The second: Texas The youngest: Alaska and Hawaii
· Afederal district The District of Columbia Capital City: Washington
Yellowstone National Park
It covers an area of about 9000 sq.km.There are about 3,000 geysers and hot springs in the park.There are also other natural wonders.
Deep South
South Carolina Georgia Texas Alabama Mississippi Louisiana

英美文化概论答案第一份

英美文化概论答案第一份

英美文化概论答案第一份1、In the format of western names,which name is put first?( )•A、Family name•B、Last name•C、Surname•D、First name正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:33.3分2Bill is the short version of ( ).•A、William•B、Steven•C、Robert•D、Richard正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分3There is only one given name in western name.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Which one is not the key aspect of Chinese culture?( )•A、Chinese food•B、Spring Festivel•C、Chinese medicine•D、Football正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:33.3分4Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society.•A、traditions•B、habits•C、customs•D、costumes正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:33.3分5Chinese culture is better than American culture.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Topography of the USA已完成成绩:100.0分6( ) and Hawaii are seperated from American mainland.•A、Colorado•B、Indiana•C、Alabama•D、Alaska正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:25.0分7The two significant mountain ranges of American are ( ) and Appalachian Mountains.•A、Rocky Mountains•B、Andes Mountains•C、Alps Mountains正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:25.0分8Which is the largest states by population?( )•A、Texas•B、New York•C、California•D、Florida正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:25.0分9Boston is on the West Coast of America.( ) 正确答案:×我的答案:×Three icons of America已完成成绩:33.3分10Why is Yellowstone National Park important?( )•A、Because it is the first national park in the world.•B、Because it is in America.•C、Because it is the biggest national park in America.•D、Because it is the first national park in America.正确答案: A 我的答案:D得分:0.0分11Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( ) •A、Madison•B、Roosevelt•D、Adams正确答案: B 我的答案:C得分:0.0分12Which country provided the Statue of Liberty to America?( )•A、The United Kingdom•B、Canada•C、Australia•D、France正确答案: D 我的答案:DComparison of the USA and China已完成成绩:83.5分13Which is not the major environment issues of America?( )•A、Air pollution•B、Water shortage•C、Loss of agricultural land•D、desertification正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:16.7分14Which one is wrong, about the geography of America and China?( )•A、China has more railways than America.•B、America has two neighbour countries, Canada and Mexico.•C、Both America and China's climates vary greatly.•D、America's land is less than China's, but water in America is more than China.正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:16.7分15The most fresh water used in China is in ( ). •A、Domestic•B、Industry•C、Livestock•D、Agriculture正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:16.7分16In 2013, the population of China is about ( ) more than that of America.•A、3 times•B、4 times•C、5 times•D、6 times正确答案: B 我的答案:C得分:0.0分17The total area of China is bigger than America.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:16.7分18America's population growth rate is lower than China's.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Comparison of the USA and China 2已完成成绩:60.0分19The first three ethnic groups in the USA are ( ).•A、White, Hispanic and Black•B、White, Black and Hispanic•C、White, Black and Asian•D、White, Asian and Black正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分20In China, the life expectancy is ( ) years. •A、70•B、72•C、75•D、79正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:20.0分211 kilogram is ( ) pounds.•A、0.6•B、1.7•C、2.1•D、2.2正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:20.0分22All the countries in the world adopt the metric system, except ( ), Myanmar and Liberia.•A、the UK•B、the USA•C、France•D、Japan正确答案: B 我的答案:C得分:0.0分23Everyone in America and China can read and write.( )正确答案:×我的答案:√24Which country is the second largest economy in the world?( )•A、China•B、Japan•C、South Korea•D、Germany正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分25Which one of following is not an American company?( )•A、Google•B、CocaCola•C、Facebook•D、Airbus正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:33.3分26Per capita means a person.( )正确答案:√我的答案:√Comparison of the USA and China已完成成绩:42.9分27According to the 2013 statistics, which one of the following is wrong?( )•B、The biggest part of GDP composition in America is Services.•C、In 2013, GDP growth rate in America is higher than that in China.•D、In 2013, America's inflation rate is lower than China's.正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分28Which one is right about the labour force in America and China?( )•A、Most of American labour force are in services.•B、Both America and China have the least labour force in agriculture.•C、Most Chinese labour force are in agriculture.•D、American labour force is more than Chinese.正确答案: A 我的答案:B得分:0.0分29( ) is most used for the electricity production in the USA and China.•A、Water•B、Nuclear•C、Wind•D、Coal正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分30The UAS and ( ) is the major export markets of China.•A、Canada•B、Mexico•C、Japan正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:14.3分31Both American and Chinese governments have significant direct involvement in the economy.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:14.3分32Now services in China grows very fast.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×得分:0.0分33The poverty lines in America and China are the same.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Agriculture in the USA已完成成绩:20.0分34( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.•A、Arizona•B、Maryland•C、Texas•D、Nevada正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:20.0分35Which one is wrong about the American agriculture?( )•A、Large family farms are much more productive.•B、In 2000, farm jobs are very few in America.•C、Most income of farm households is from non-farm sources.•D、In America, all farmers have jobs in cities.正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分36In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle, soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.•A、Corn•B、Potato•C、Tomato•D、Cotton正确答案: A 我的答案:D得分:0.0分3796% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案:×我的答案:√得分:0.0分38In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( )正确答案:×我的答案:√Global Financial Crisis已完成成绩:20.0分39Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth. •A、1 quarter•B、2 quarters•C、3 quarters•D、4 quarters正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分40The GFC Recession started in ( ).•A、the USA•B、the UK•C、Japan•D、France正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分41The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).•A、Stock bubble burst•B、Property bubble burst•C、Dotcom bubble burst•D、Asset price bubble burst正确答案: B 我的答案:D得分:0.0分42Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )•A、Banks stopped lending.•B、Companies cut jobs.•C、Stock market crashed.•D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分43China was not affected much by the GFC Recession.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×A Hero and a Villain已完成成绩:33.3分44Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.•A、10•B、20•C、30•D、40正确答案: A 我的答案:B得分:0.0分45The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).•A、Villain•B、Hero•C、Monster•D、Saviour正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分46Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( ) 正确答案:×我的答案:×Discovery of the 'New World'已完成成绩:33.3分47The main European power was Spain, France, ( ) and Great Britain.•A、Italy•B、Portugal•C、Russia•D、Germany正确答案: B 我的答案:A得分:0.0分48Christopher Columbus was the first person to cross the ( ) Ocean.•A、Pacific•B、Indian•C、Arctic•D、Atlantic正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分49Christopher Columbus did 5 voyages between 1492 and 1503.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:33.3分British Colonies已完成成绩:40.0分50The Britain founded ( ) colonies along the East Coast in America.•A、11•B、12•C、13•D、14正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分51The first fight between local people and British soldiers was at ( ).•A、Washington D.C.•B、New York•D、Lexington and Concord正确答案: D 我的答案:C得分:0.0分52John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and( ) wrote The Declaration of Independence.•A、Benjamin Franklin•B、Abraham Lincoln•C、George Washington•D、Paul Revere正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分53British people migrated to America with the ship called Mayflower in 1620.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×得分:0.0分54The Declaration of Independence was made in 1775.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×American War of independence已完成成绩:66.6分55The war of Independence was between ( ). •A、America and France•B、America and Holland•C、America and Spain正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:33.3分56In 1778, ( ) signed Treaty of Alliance with America.•A、Spain•B、Holland•C、France•D、Britain正确答案: C 我的答案:D得分:0.0分57Britain won the Battle of Yorktown.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Building the New Nation已完成成绩:60.0分58The first constitution, Article of Confederation was made in ( ).•A、1778•B、1779•C、1780•D、1781正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:20.0分59The first president of Amercia was ( ). •A、George Washington•B、Abraham Lincoln•C、Benjamin Franklin正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分60Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of ( ) of America.•A、State•B、Law•C、Treasury•D、War正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分61There were ( ) Chief Justice in the Supreme Court.•A、1•B、3•C、8•D、9正确答案: A 我的答案:B得分:0.0分62Thomas Paine was born in France.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×A Hero, Traitor and Genius已完成成绩:33.4分63George Washington declared ( )•A、Thanksgiving Day•B、Christmas•C、Halloween正确答案: A 我的答案:B得分:0.0分64Which one is right about George Washington?( )•A、He was graduated from college.•B、He had three children.•C、He had no experience in military action.•D、He was revered as the "Father of the United States".正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分65Which one is wrong about Benjamin Franklin?( )•A、He was also a Doctor.•B、He loved reading.•C、He started the first public library in Philadelphia.•D、He was 81 when he went to the Constitutional Convention.正确答案:A 我的答案:C得分:0.0分66Which document was not signed by Benjamin Franklin?( )•A、The Declaration of Independence•B、Treaty with France•C、Peace Treaty•D、Article of Confederation正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分67During the War of Independence, Benedict Arnold sold military secrets to France.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:16.7分68Benjamin Franklin was born in a rich family and well educated.()正确答案:×我的答案:×Timeline of Major Events (1800-1899)已完成成绩:33.3分69The first railway was built in ( ).•A、1827•B、1828•C、1829•D、1830正确答案: B 我的答案:D得分:0.0分70The war with Mexico was started in ( ). •A、1846•B、1847•C、1848•D、1849正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分71The first telephone line was built in 1877.( ) 正确答案:√我的答案:×Territorial Expansion已完成成绩:66.8分72America purchased Louisiana Territory with ( ) million dollars from France. •A、2•B、5•C、10•D、15正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分73The USA purchased Florida from ( ). •A、Spain•B、the UK•C、France•D、Italy正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:16.7分74Texas was the ( ) state of America. •A、26th•B、27th•C、28th•D、29th正确答案: C 我的答案:A得分:0.0分75Which one is wrong about Hawaii?( ) •A、It is in the Atlantic Ocean.•B、There are 8 main islands.•C、It is the 50th states of America.•D、America took over Hawaii government from the local king.正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:16.7分76Before America purchased it,Alaska was belong to Mexico.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:16.7分77The largest city in Alaska is Anchorage, which is also the capital city.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×The American Civil War已完成成绩:33.4分78The Civil War started in ( ).•A、1861•B、1862•C、1863•D、1864正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:16.7分79Which was wrong about the Civil War?( ) •A、America was kept as one country.•B、Slavery was abolished.•C、After the Battle of Gettysburg, the North started to win.•D、The South was strong in "hard power".正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分80Which one of following is wrong about Abraham Lincoln?( )•A、He was the 16th president of America.•C、He was a businessman and then became politician.•D、He was born in a poor farm family.正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分81In the Civil War, the North was weak, and the South was strong.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:16.7分82Modern weapons were used in the Civil War.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×得分:0.0分83In the Civil War, the North lost more people than the South.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×84Which one is wrong about the American political system?( )•A、The government is small.•B、Leaders are educated.•C、There are many traditions.•D、The society is classless.正确答案: C 我的答案:A得分:0.0分85Which one is wrong about Thomas Edison?( )•B、His first job is telegraph operator.•C、He had many patents.•D、He invented electric light bulb.正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:25.0分86Which one is wrong about John D. Rockefeller?( ).•A、General Electric is one of his companies.•B、At first, he worked as a bookkeeper.•C、When he was 20, he started his own company.•D、He donated all his money to the Rockefeller Foundation.正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分87Because the northern America is cold, James Naismith invented basketball which is a good sport for winter.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×Timeline of Major Events (1900-2014)已完成成绩:33.3分88The first long distance telephone was built in ( ).•A、1915•B、1916•C、1917•D、1918正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分89In ( ), the first humans walked on the moon. •A、1967•B、1968•C、1969•D、1970正确答案: C 我的答案:A得分:0.0分90President Nixon visited China in ( ).•A、1971•B、1972•C、1973•D、1974正确答案: B 我的答案:AThe Panama Canal已完成成绩:33.3分91The Panama Canal was built by a ( ) consortium.•A、America•B、Italy•C、Britain•D、France正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分92Why did the French consortium gave up to build the canal?( )•A、Because it was too expensive.•C、Because the topography in Panama was difficult to build a canal.•D、Because the American government decided to buld it by themselves.正确答案: C 我的答案:D得分:0.0分93The aim to build the Panama Canal was to connect America and Panama.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×The Great Depression已完成成绩:40.0分94The Great Depression started in ( ).•A、1929•B、1932•C、1933•D、1939正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分95Which one is wrong about the Great Depression?( )•A、The Great Depression started with the crash of the New York stock market.•B、More than 9000 banks closed down.•C、It took a short time for the New York Stock to recover.•D、Many people became homeless because of the Great Depression.正确答案: C 我的答案:D得分:0.0分96Which one is not the results of the Great Depression?( )•B、Income fell.•C、Unemployment rate increased.•D、Farmers had no food to eat.正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分97Which one is wrong about Franklin Delano Roosevelt?( )•A、He was also known as FDR.•B、He give American people confidence during the Great Depression.•C、He was elected as president for 3 times.•D、He started many government programs to provide work to people.正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分98The Great Depression only happened in America.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×The Cold War已完成成绩:57.2分99Why did the Cold War avoid direct conflict?( )•A、Because the Second World War was just finished.•B、Because the USSR was too weak to fight.•C、Because both sides of the Cold War had nuclear weapons.•D、Because some countries stop the war.正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:14.3分100The Cold War began in ( ).•A、1945•B、1946•C、1947•D、1948正确答案: D 我的答案:C得分:0.0分101Which was not the reason why the West against Communism?( )•A、The communist countries only has one political system.•B、The economy in communist countries is state-owned.•C、The communist countries are against religion.•D、The communist countries have nuclear weapons.正确答案: D 我的答案:C得分:0.0分102Berlin Wall was ended in ( ).•A、1989•B、1988•C、1987•D、1986正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:14.3分103Which statement of following is wrong?( ) •A、There were many cold conflicts in the cold war, such as weapon competition and spying.•B、Germany reunited in 1990.•C、The USSR was dissolved in 1990.•D、After the USSR dissovled, 15 new countries were created.正确答案: C 我的答案:A得分:0.0分104The Cold War continued for only a few years.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:14.3分105Because many West Germans fled to the East, the West Germany government built the Berlin Wall.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×106Which one is wrong about 9/11?( )•A、About 3000 people were killed.•B、It happened in 2002.•C、The World Trade Centre and Pentagon were attacked.•D、It was the first attack on mainland USA since 1812.正确答案: B 我的答案:B得分:33.3分107The terrorists Hijacked ( ) planes.•A、4•B、5•C、6•D、7正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分108Only the north tower of the World Trade Centre was attacked.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×。

英美两党制概论

英美两党制概论

两党制概述李攀一、两党制的历史演进两党制最初产生于十七世纪的“英国”,当时在议会中有两个政党:一个是代表新兴资产阶级和新贵族利益的辉格党(后改称自由党);一个是代表地主阶级和封建贵族利益的托利党(后改称保守党)。

两党交替执掌政权,后来逐渐形成一种制度,被美国等其他资本主义国家相继采用。

至今仍流行于英国、美国、澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰等国。

英国是老牌的两党制国家,采取内阁制,君主是名义上的国家元首但不掌握行政权。

两大党靠竞选争夺下议院议员席位,获多数席位的政党为执政党,其领袖担任内阁首相,组织对议会负责的内阁,另一大党作为法定的反对党而存在。

以英国为代表的议会内阁制下的两党制(1)主要经历了三个阶段A:辉格党与托利党先后交替执政时期;B:托利党和辉格党演变成保守党和自由党;C:工党取代自由党的地位;(2)英国议会内阁制中两党制的特点:A:两党的活动围绕议会选举展开,执政党不仅掌握行政权,也掌握立法权;B:两党采取集中制。

1847年美国著名画家汤姆斯•纳斯特绘制的一幅象与驴压跷跷板游戏的漫画,“象”代表共和党,“驴”代表民主党。

这幅漫画的寓意是美国由两个政党一上一下轮流执政,共和党和民主党人看了这幅画,不但没反对,相反还赞赏。

他们解释说,大象稳重,毛驴倔强。

从此共和党和民主党的党徽便分别为象和驴。

每逢大选之年,两党的支持者也常常举着“象”、“驴”的标牌来进行竞选宣传,“象驴之争”便由此而来。

美国是总统制国家,两党制主要表现在总统选举上,竞选获胜的政党为执政党,失败者为在野党。

以美国为代表的总统制。

它是到了19世纪50年代,才形成共和党和民主党的对立。

美国总统制下的两党制的特点:(1)两党制主要表现在总统竞选上A:总统既是国家元首,又是行政首脑,掌握行政实权。

B:两党在议会中席位的多少与执政党和非执政党的地位无关。

(2)美国的两党制组织结构松散,没有严格的投票纪律二、两党制的基本特点两党制的主要特点包括:第一,两党轮流执政。

英美文化概论问题详解第一份

英美文化概论问题详解第一份

1、In the format of western names,which name is put first?( )∙A、Family name∙B、Last name∙C、Surname∙D、First name正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:33.3分2Bill is the short version of ( ).∙A、William∙B、Steven∙C、Robert∙D、Richard正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分3There is only one given name in western name.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Which one is not the key aspect of Chinese culture?( )∙A、Chinese food∙B、Spring Festivel∙C、Chinese medicine∙D、Football正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:33.3分4Culture is the beliefs, ( ) and way-of-life of a community or society. ∙A、traditions∙B、habits∙C、customs∙D、costumes正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:33.3分5Chinese culture is better than American culture.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Topography of the USA已完成成绩:100.0分6( ) and Hawaii are seperated from American mainland.∙A、Colorado∙B、Indiana∙C、Alabama∙D、Alaska正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:25.0分7The two significant mountain ranges of American are ( ) and Appalachian Mountains.∙A、Rocky Mountains∙B、Andes Mountains∙C、Alps Mountains∙D、Atlas Mountains正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:25.0分8Which is the largest states by population?( )∙A、Texas∙B、New York∙C、California∙D、Florida正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:25.0分9Boston is on the West Coast of America.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Three icons of America已完成成绩:33.3分10Why is Yellowstone National Park important?( )∙A、Because it is the first national park in the world.∙B、Because it is in America.∙C、Because it is the biggest national park in America.∙D、Because it is the first national park in America.正确答案: A 我的答案:D得分:0.0分11Washington, Jefferson, () and Lincoln's faces are made on the Mount Rushmore.( ) ∙A、Madison∙B、Roosevelt∙C、Kennedy∙D、Adams正确答案: B 我的答案:C得分:0.0分12Which country provided the Statue of Liberty to America?( )∙A、The United Kingdom∙B、Canada∙C、Australia∙D、France正确答案: D 我的答案:DComparison of the USA and China已完成成绩:83.5分13Which is not the major environment issues of America?( )∙A、Air pollution∙B、Water shortage∙C、Loss of agricultural land∙D、desertification正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:16.7分14Which one is wrong, about the geography of America and China?( )∙A、China has more railways than America.∙B、America has two neighbour countries, Canada and Mexico.∙C、Both America and China's climates vary greatly.∙D、America's land is less than China's, but water in America is more than China.正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:16.7分15The most fresh water used in China is in ( ).∙A、Domestic∙B、Industry∙C、Livestock∙D、Agriculture正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:16.7分16In 2013, the population of China is about ( ) more than that of America. ∙A、3 times∙B、4 times∙C、5 times∙D、6 times正确答案: B 我的答案:C得分:0.0分17The total area of China is bigger than America.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:16.7分18America's population growth rate is lower than China's.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Comparison of the USA and China 2已完成成绩:60.0分19The first three ethnic groups in the USA are ( ).∙A、White, Hispanic and Black∙B、White, Black and Hispanic∙C、White, Black and Asian∙D、White, Asian and Black正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分20In China, the life expectancy is ( ) years.∙A、70∙B、72∙C、75∙D、79正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:20.0分211 kilogram is ( ) pounds.∙A、0.6∙B、1.7∙C、2.1∙D、2.2正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:20.0分22All the countries in the world adopt the metric system, except ( ), Myanmar and Liberia.∙A、the UK∙B、the USA∙C、France∙D、Japan正确答案: B 我的答案:C得分:0.0分23Everyone in America and China can read and write.( )正确答案:×我的答案:√24Which country is the second largest economy in the world?( )∙A、China∙B、Japan∙C、South Korea∙D、Germany正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分25Which one of following is not an American company?( )∙A、Google∙B、CocaCola∙C、Facebook∙D、Airbus正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:33.3分26Per capita means a person.( )正确答案:√我的答案:√Comparison of the USA and China已完成成绩:42.9分27According to the 2013 statistics, which one of the following is wrong?( ) ∙A、The smallest part in the economic structure of developed countries is agriculture.∙B、The biggest part of GDP composition in America is Services.∙C、In 2013, GDP growth rate in America is higher than that in China.∙D、In 2013, America's inflation rate is lower than China's.正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分28Which one is right about the labour force in America and China?( )∙A、Most of American labour force are in services.∙B、Both America and China have the least labour force in agriculture.∙C、Most Chinese labour force are in agriculture.∙D、American labour force is more than Chinese.正确答案: A 我的答案:B得分:0.0分29( ) is most used for the electricity production in the USA and China.∙A、Water∙B、Nuclear∙C、Wind∙D、Coal正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分30The UAS and ( ) is the major export markets of China.∙A、Canada∙B、Mexico∙C、Japan∙D、South Korea正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:14.3分31Both American and Chinese governments have significant direct involvement inthe economy.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:14.3分32Now services in China grows very fast.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×得分:0.0分33The poverty lines in America and China are the same.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Agriculture in the USA已完成成绩:20.0分34( ), Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma and California have the most farms in the USA.∙A、Arizona∙B、Maryland∙C、Texas∙D、Nevada正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:20.0分35Which one is wrong about the American agriculture?( )∙A、Large family farms are much more productive.∙B、In 2000, farm jobs are very few in America.∙C、Most income of farm households is from non-farm sources.∙D、In America, all farmers have jobs in cities.正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分36In 2012, the top 5 agricultural commodities of America are ( ), cattle,soybeans, dairy products and chickens for meat.∙A、Corn∙B、Potato∙C、Tomato∙D、Cotton正确答案: A 我的答案:D得分:0.0分3796% of the farmers are black people.( )正确答案:×我的答案:√得分:0.0分38In 2008, most of American agriculture imports were from China.( ) 正确答案:×我的答案:√Global Financial Crisis已完成成绩:20.0分39Recession is ( ) of negative GDP growth.∙A、1 quarter∙B、2 quarters∙C、3 quarters∙D、4 quarters正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分40The GFC Recession started in ( ).∙A、the USA∙B、the UK∙C、Japan∙D、France正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分41The cause of the GFC Recession in 2007 was ( ).∙A、Stock bubble burst∙B、Property bubble burst∙C、Dotcom bubble burst∙D、Asset price bubble burst正确答案: B 我的答案:D得分:0.0分42Which one of following is wrong about the GFC Recession? ( )∙A、Banks stopped lending.∙B、Companies cut jobs.∙C、Stock market crashed.∙D、People got more job opportunity.正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分43China was not affected much by the GFC Recession.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×A Hero and a Villain已完成成绩:33.3分44Bernie Madoff's clients lost about ( ) billion dollars.∙A、10∙B、20∙C、30∙D、40正确答案: A 我的答案:B得分:0.0分45The New York magzine called Bernie Madoff ( ).∙A、Villain∙B、Hero∙C、Monster∙D、Saviour正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分46Warren Buffett was born in a rich family.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Discovery of the 'New World'已完成成绩:33.3分47The main European power was Spain, France, ( ) and Great Britain. ∙A、Italy∙B、Portugal∙C、Russia∙D、Germany正确答案: B 我的答案:A得分:0.0分48Christopher Columbus was the first person to cross the ( ) Ocean.∙A、Pacific∙B、Indian∙C、Arctic∙D、Atlantic正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分49Christopher Columbus did 5 voyages between 1492 and 1503.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:33.3分British Colonies已完成成绩:40.0分50The Britain founded ( ) colonies along the East Coast in America.∙A、11∙B、12∙C、13∙D、14正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分51The first fight between local people and British soldiers was at ( ).∙A、Washington D.C.∙B、New York∙C、Boston∙D、Lexington and Concord正确答案: D 我的答案:C得分:0.0分52John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, Thomas Jefferson and ( ) wrote The Declaration of Independence.∙A、Benjamin Franklin∙B、Abraham Lincoln∙C、George Washington∙D、Paul Revere正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分53British people migrated to America with the ship called Mayflower in 1620.( ) 正确答案:√我的答案:×得分:0.0分54The Declaration of Independence was made in 1775.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×American War of independence已完成成绩:66.6分55The war of Independence was between ( ).∙A、America and France∙B、America and Holland∙C、America and Spain∙D、America and Britain正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:33.3分56In 1778, ( ) signed Treaty of Alliance with America.∙A、Spain∙B、Holland∙C、France∙D、Britain正确答案: C 我的答案:D得分:0.0分57Britain won the Battle of Yorktown.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×Building the New Nation已完成成绩:60.0分58The first constitution, Article of Confederation was made in ( ).∙A、1778∙B、1779∙C、1780∙D、1781正确答案: D 我的答案:D得分:20.0分59The first president of Amercia was ( ).∙A、George Washington∙B、Abraham Lincoln∙C、Benjamin Franklin∙D、Thomas Jefferson正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分60Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of ( ) of America. ∙A、State∙B、Law∙C、Treasury∙D、War正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分61There were ( ) Chief Justice in the Supreme Court.∙A、1∙B、3∙C、8∙D、9正确答案: A 我的答案:B得分:0.0分62Thomas Paine was born in France.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×A Hero, Traitor and Genius已完成成绩:33.4分63George Washington declared ( )∙A、Thanksgiving Day∙B、Christmas∙C、Halloween∙D、New Year's Day正确答案: A 我的答案:B得分:0.0分64Which one is right about George Washington?( )∙A、He was graduated from college.∙B、He had three children.∙C、He had no experience in military action.∙D、He was revered as the "Father of the United States".正确答案: D 我的答案:B得分:0.0分65Which one is wrong about Benjamin Franklin?( )∙A、He was also a Doctor.∙B、He loved reading.∙C、He started the first public library in Philadelphia.∙D、He was 81 when he went to the Constitutional Convention.正确答案: A 我的答案:C得分:0.0分66Which document was not signed by Benjamin Franklin?( )∙A、The Declaration of Independence∙B、Treaty with France∙C、Peace Treaty∙D、Article of Confederation正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分67During the War of Independence, Benedict Arnold sold military secrets toFrance.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:16.7分68Benjamin Franklin was born in a rich family and well educated.()正确答案:×我的答案:×Timeline of Major Events (1800-1899)已完成成绩:33.3分69The first railway was built in ( ).∙A、1827∙B、1828∙C、1829∙D、1830正确答案: B 我的答案:D得分:0.0分70The war with Mexico was started in ( ).∙A、1846∙B、1847∙C、1848∙D、1849正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分71The first telephone line was built in 1877.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×Territorial Expansion已完成成绩:66.8分72America purchased Louisiana Territory with ( ) million dollars from France. ∙A、2∙B、5∙C、10∙D、15正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分73The USA purchased Florida from ( ).∙A、Spain∙B、the UK∙C、France∙D、Italy正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:16.7分74Texas was the ( ) state of America.∙A、26th∙B、27th∙C、28th∙D、29th正确答案: C 我的答案:A得分:0.0分75Which one is wrong about Hawaii?( )∙A、It is in the Atlantic Ocean.∙B、There are 8 main islands.∙C、It is the 50th states of America.∙D、America took over Hawaii government from the local king.正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:16.7分76Before America purchased it,Alaska was belong to Mexico.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:16.7分77The largest city in Alaska is Anchorage, which is also the capital city.( ) 正确答案:×我的答案:×The American Civil War已完成成绩:33.4分78The Civil War started in ( ).∙A、1861∙B、1862∙C、1863∙D、1864正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:16.7分79Which was wrong about the Civil War?( )∙A、America was kept as one country.∙B、Slavery was abolished.∙C、After the Battle of Gettysburg, the North started to win.∙D、The South was strong in "hard power".正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分80Which one of following is wrong about Abraham Lincoln?( )∙A、He was the 16th president of America.∙B、He was killed in 1865 when the Civil War was just finished.∙C、He was a businessman and then became politician.∙D、He was born in a poor farm family.正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分81In the Civil War, the North was weak, and the South was strong.( ) 正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:16.7分82Modern weapons were used in the Civil War.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×得分:0.0分83In the Civil War, the North lost more people than the South.( ) 正确答案:√我的答案:×84Which one is wrong about the American political system?( )∙A、The government is small.∙B、Leaders are educated.∙C、There are many traditions.∙D、The society is classless.正确答案: C 我的答案:A得分:0.0分85Which one is wrong about Thomas Edison?( )∙A、He was educated in school.∙B、His first job is telegraph operator.∙C、He had many patents.∙D、He invented electric light bulb.正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:25.0分86Which one is wrong about John D. Rockefeller?( ).∙A、General Electric is one of his companies.∙B、At first, he worked as a bookkeeper.∙C、When he was 20, he started his own company.∙D、He donated all his money to the Rockefeller Foundation.正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分87Because the northern America is cold, James Naismith invented basketball whichis a good sport for winter.( )正确答案:√我的答案:×Timeline of Major Events (1900-2014)已完成成绩:33.3分88The first long distance telephone was built in ( ).∙A、1915∙B、1916∙C、1917∙D、1918正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分89In ( ), the first humans walked on the moon.∙A、1967∙B、1968∙C、1969∙D、1970正确答案: C 我的答案:A得分:0.0分90President Nixon visited China in ( ).∙A、1971∙B、1972∙C、1973∙D、1974正确答案: B 我的答案:AThe Panama Canal已完成成绩:33.3分91The Panama Canal was built by a ( ) consortium.∙A、America∙B、Italy∙C、Britain∙D、France正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分92Why did the French consortium gave up to build the canal?( )∙A、Because it was too expensive.∙B、Because many people died.∙C、Because the topography in Panama was difficult to build a canal.∙D、Because the American government decided to buld it by themselves.正确答案: C 我的答案:D得分:0.0分93The aim to build the Panama Canal was to connect America and Panama.( ) 正确答案:×我的答案:×The Great Depression已完成成绩:40.0分94The Great Depression started in ( ).∙A、1929∙B、1932∙C、1933∙D、1939正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:20.0分95Which one is wrong about the Great Depression?( )∙A、The Great Depression started with the crash of the New York stock market.∙B、More than 9000 banks closed down.∙C、It took a short time for the New York Stock to recover.∙D、Many people became homeless because of the Great Depression.正确答案: C 我的答案:D得分:0.0分96Which one is not the results of the Great Depression?( ) ∙A、GDP went down.∙B、Income fell.∙C、Unemployment rate increased.∙D、Farmers had no food to eat.正确答案: D 我的答案:A得分:0.0分97Which one is wrong about Franklin Delano Roosevelt?( ) ∙A、He was also known as FDR.∙B、He give American people confidence during the Great Depression.∙C、He was elected as president for 3 times.∙D、He started many government programs to provide work to people.正确答案: C 我的答案:B得分:0.0分98The Great Depression only happened in America.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×The Cold War已完成成绩:57.2分99Why did the Cold War avoid direct conflict?( )∙A、Because the Second World War was just finished.∙B、Because the USSR was too weak to fight.∙C、Because both sides of the Cold War had nuclear weapons.∙D、Because some countries stop the war.正确答案: C 我的答案:C得分:14.3分100The Cold War began in ( ).∙A、1945∙B、1946∙C、1947∙D、1948正确答案: D 我的答案:C得分:0.0分101Which was not the reason why the West against Communism?( )∙A、The communist countries only has one political system.∙B、The economy in communist countries is state-owned.∙C、The communist countries are against religion.∙D、The communist countries have nuclear weapons.正确答案: D 我的答案:C得分:0.0分102Berlin Wall was ended in ( ).∙A、1989∙B、1988∙C、1987∙D、1986正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:14.3分103Which statement of following is wrong?( )∙A、There were many cold conflicts in the cold war, such as weapon competition and spying.∙B、Germany reunited in 1990.∙C、The USSR was dissolved in 1990.∙D、After the USSR dissovled, 15 new countries were created.正确答案: C 我的答案:A得分:0.0分104The Cold War continued for only a few years.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×得分:14.3分105Because many West Germans fled to the East, the West Germany government builtthe Berlin Wall.( )正确答案:×我的答案:×实用文案106Which one is wrong about 9/11?( )∙A、About 3000 people were killed.∙B、It happened in 2002.∙C、The World Trade Centre and Pentagon were attacked.∙D、It was the first attack on mainland USA since 1812.正确答案: B 我的答案:B得分:33.3分107The terrorists Hijacked ( ) planes.∙A、4∙B、5∙C、6∙D、7正确答案: A 我的答案:A得分:33.3分108Only the north tower of the World Trade Centre was attacked.( ) 正确答案:×我的答案:×文案大全。

英美法概论

英美法概论

1.程序先于权利remedies proceed rights法律谚语“程序优先于权利”来源于英国普通法。

在英国人心目中权利是自然而然存在的,即使法律没有对公民权利作出规定,公民的基本人权也是天赋的,不容剥夺。

但是权利的获得必须经过一定的法律程序,所以英国立法机构奉行”程序优先于权利”的原则。

一部法律制定出来,不仅仅要让公众看到一系列权利,更重要的是看到怎样获得这一系列权利的程序。

2 遵循先例stare decisis是判例法的一个基本原则,它是判例法得以形成的基础,其基本含义就是,包含在以前判决中的法律原则对以后同类案件有约束力,具体说就是1高级法院的判决对下级法院处理同类案件有约束力2同一法院的判决对其以后的同类案件的判决具有约束力,即指以前判决中的法律原则对以后同类案件具有约束力。

具有约束力(binding effect),也称,说服力(persuasive effect)。

遵循先例没有时间范围。

然而,先例并不因此永久存在。

一个先例总是在特定的情况下产生,如果产生这个先例的客观情况改变(或者可以说,这个先例的构成要素已经改变),使用先例成为不合理时,可以改变或者推翻先例。

分权制衡Separation of powers, Checks and balances行政、司法、立法三大政府机构共同存在,地位平等且互相制衡的政权组织形式。

分权:立法权归于国会,制定法律;行政权归于总统,执行法律;司法权归于联邦法院,解释法律。

制衡:国会:有权弹劾行政人员(包括总统)以及法官,有权复决或者推翻总统的否决决定。

总统:否决权,在参议员的同意下有权提名大使和最高法院法官并缔结国际条约的权利法院:司法审查权国会有立法权,总统对国会通过的法案有权否决,国会又有权在一定条件下推翻总统的否决;总统有权任命高级官员和法官,但须经国会认可,国会有权依法弹劲总统和高级文官和法官;最高法院法官由总统任命并经国会认可,最高法院又可对国会通过的法律以违宪为由宣布无效。

新编英美概况许鲁之

新编英美概况许鲁之

新编英美概况许鲁之Chapter 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.Choose the correct answer1-8 CDBACBBB2.fill in the blanks1.Canada\Mexico\the Cuff of Mexico\Atlantic Ocean\the Pacific Ocean2.The Atlantic seacoast west to the Appalachains\The Mississippi River Basin\The Rockies west to the Pacific3.most densely\flat\fertile4.productive\fruits\vegetables5.Louisiana\Texas\Texas\Oklahoma\California\insufficient\40%6.little\fresh\12%\richest\productiveChapter 2 American Population1.Choose the correct answer1-8 CBDACDCB2.fill in the blanks1.third\2502.1875\permanent residence\morality\race\nationalorigin\nationalorigin\skilled\relatives\270,000\700,000\675,0003.indentured servants\slaves\18634.South\poverty line5.industrious\intelligent\modle minority\twice3.Question for discussion1.Why is the US known as a "melting pot"?Answer:The United States is known as a "melting pot",meaning that it is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?Answer:The widespread use of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible for people to live farther away from their jobs.The telephone reduces the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.Besides these economic and techonological changes, important social factors were involved.Subruban areas offered more living space than cities,lower crime rates,less pollution,and superior schools.It is generally believed that they are a better place for rising children.Indian ReservationAnswer:Ever since the discocery of the New World in 1492, the Indians have been cruelly treated. They were driven to barren desert regions, the so-called "Indian Reservations".The reservations usually lack adequate health care facilities, educational opportunities,decent housing,and jobs. HispanicsAnswer:They are the Spanish-speaking immigrants from Latin American countries. The majority traces their roots to Mexico, Pueto Rico,or Cuba.Chapter3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1.Choose the correct answer1-8 DABBBCDC2.fill in the blanks1.Portuguese\the Cape of Good Hope\Spain\Atlantic\the Cartbbean\West Indians2.Amerigo Vespueci\America3.the Virginia Coast\pilgrims\Mayflower Compact4.appoined by the English King\under proprietors who themselves chose the governors\select governors under self-governing charters5.fishing\shipbuilding\breadbasket\wheat\potatoes\plantation\ tobacco\cotton3.Question for discussion4.What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Answer:Society in the 13 colonies was like a pytamid.The top was made up of merchants and landlords.The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa,and native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during thecolonies days?Answer:They could not put up with slaves. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe menbers would fight to free him.So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use themas slave labor.Instead they seized the land of the Indiansand drove them away or killed them.Mayflower CompactAnswer:It is signed by the pilgrims, establishing a form oflocal government in which the colonists agree to stick together,to abide by majority rule,to have the right to choose their leader and cooperate for the general good for the colony. The Compact sets the precedent for other colonies as they set up governments.This was the beginningof the US democracy.Thanks-giving dayAnswer:In 1620,the puritans in the Mayflower came the Rocky coast of what is now Massachusetts.They suffered the first cold /doc/ab2e681455270722192ef72a.html ter with the help and advice of the native Indians,the Pilgrim Fathers planted corn and other crops.They reaped a good harvest the following year, and in October,1621,to celebrate this good harvest, the Pilgrims held a feast which featured wild turkey.They called this their Thanks-giving Day.It falls on the 4th Thursday of November.。

新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案
as then poor and poli cally fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.
Chapter 4 American Revolu on
2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770? A clash between American colonies and Bri sh soldiers took place in Boston.
①The people of the US are predominantly white. ②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came from
Africa.
from La n American countries.
⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.
2. What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?
3. Why do many Americans now migrate from ci es to suburbs?
①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construc on of express highways made it possible for

英美文化概论期末英文论文1

英美文化概论期末英文论文1

American MusicThe music of the U.S. reflects the country’s multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles. Rock’n roll, rhythm, country, blues, jazz, and hip hop are among the country’s most internationally-renowned genres. The U.S. has the world’s largest music industry and also its music is heard around the world. Since the beginning of the 20th century, some types of American popular music have gained a near global audience. Native Americans were the earliest inhabitants of the U.S. and played its first music. Begining in the 17th century, immigrants from the British, Spain, Isles, and France began arriving in large numbers, bringing with them new styles and instruments. African slaves also brought musical traditions, and each subsequent wave of immigrants contributed to a melting pot.Much of modern popular music can trace back to the emergence in the late 19th century of African American blues and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s. The African American basis for popular music used elements derived from European and indigenous music. The U.S. has also seen documented folk music and recorded popular music produced in the ethnic styles of the Ukrainian, Polish, Hispanic, Irish, Scottish and Jewish communities, among others. Many American cities and towns have vibrant music scenes which, in turn, support a lot of regional musical styles. Aiong with musical centers such as Detroit, Chicago, New Y ork, Nashville and Los Angeles, many smaller cities have produced distinctive styles of music. The Creole and Cajun traditions in Louisiana music, the bluegrass and old time music of the Southeastern states and the folk and popular styles of Hawaiian music are a few examples of diversity in American music.Folk musicFolk music in the U.S. is varied across the country’s numerous ethnic groups. The native American tribes play their own varieties of folk music, most of it spiritual in nature. The native Americans played the first folk music in what is now the U.S., using a wide variety of techniques and styles. Some commonalities are near universal among native American traditional music, however, especially the lack of polyphony and harmony, and the use of vocables and descending melodic figures. Tradional instrumentations uses the flute and many kinds of percussion instruments, like rattles, drums, and shakers. Since African and European contact was established, native American folk music has grown in new directions, into fusions with disparate styles like European folk dances and Tejano music. Modern native American music may be best known for pan-tribal gatherings, powwow gatherings at which traditionally styled music and dances are performed.Blues and SpiritualsSpirituals were primarily expressions of religius faith, sung by slaves on southern plantations. In the mid to late 19th century, spirituals spread out of the United States South. In 1871 Fisk University became home to the Jubilee Singers, a pioneering griup that popularized spirituals across the country. In imitation of this group, gospel quartets arose, followed by increasing diversification with the early 20th century rise of jackleg and singing preachers.Blues is a combination of African field hollers, work songs and shouts. It developed in the rural south in the first decade of the 20th century. The most important features of the blues is its use of the blue scale, with a flatted or indeterminate third, as well as the typically lamenting lyrics;through these elements had existed in African American folk music prior to the 20th century, the codified form of modern blues did not exist until the early 20th century.Classical musicThe European classical music tradition was brought to the U.S. with some of the first colonists.European classical music is rooted in the traditions of European art, concert and ecclesiastical music. The central norms of this tradition developed between 1550 and 1825, centering on what was known as the common practice period. Many American classical composers tried to work entirely within European models until late in 19th century. When Antonin Dvooak, a prominent Czech composer, visited the U.S. from 1892 to 1895, he iterated the idea that American classical music needed its own models instead of imitating European composers. He also helped to inspire subsequent composers to make a distinctly American style. By the beginning of 20th century, many American composers were incorporating disparate elements into their work, ranging from blues and jazz to native American music.Popular musicThe U.S. has produced many popular composers and musicians in the modern world. Beginning with the birth of recorded music. American performers have continued to lead the field of popular music, which out of “all the contributions made by Americans to world culture...has been taken to center by the whole world”. Most histories of popular music start with American Tin Pan Alley or ragtime. Other, however, trace popular music back to the European Renaissance and through ballads and other popular tradions. Other authors typically look at popular sheet music, tracing U.S. popular music to minstrel, spirituals shows and vaudeville, or the patriotic songs of the Civil War.JazzJazz is a tpye of music characterized by swung and blue notes, call and response vocals, improvisation and polyrhythms. Though originally a kind of dance music, jazz has been a major part of popular music, and has also become a major element of Western classical music. Jazz has roots in West African musical and classical expression, and in African music traditions including ragtime and blues, as well as European military band music. Early jazz was closely related to ragtime, with which it could be distinguished by the use of more intricate rhythmic improvisation. The earliest jazz bands adopted many vocabularies of the blues,including bent and blue notes, instrumental “growls” and smears otherwise not used on European instruments. Jazz’ro ots come from the city of New Orleans,Louisiana,populated by black Creoles and Cajuns, who combined the French-Canadian culture of the Cajuns with their own styles of music in the 19th century. Large Creole bands that played for funerals and parades became a major basis for early jazz, which spread from Chicago to New Orleans and other northern urban centers.Country musicCountry music is a combination of popular musical forms originally found in the southern U.S. and the Appalachian Mountians. It has roots in traditional folk music, blues, gospel music, Celtic music, hokum, and old-time music and evolved rapidly in the 1920s. The term country music began to be used in the 1940s when the early term hillbilly music was deeded to be degrading, and the term was widely embraced in the 1970s, while western and country have declined in use since that time, except in the U.K., where it is still commonly used.While album sales of most musical genres have declined, country music expericed one of its best years in 2006, when, during the first six months of the year, United States sales of country albums increased by 17.7% to 36 million. Furthermore, country music listening nationwide has remained steady for almost a decade, reaching 77.3 million adults every week.The term “country music” is used to describe many genres, styles, or subgenres and so on.。

英美文化概论提纲

英美文化概论提纲

英美⽂化概论提纲Unit 1 a brief introduction to the united kingdom 1⼀ a brief introduction1.全称 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and northern Ireland--P17 III 12.构成England LondonScotland EdinburghWales CardiffNothern Ireland Belfast--P17 III23.历史A公元43世纪RomanB公元7世纪Anglo –saxons 安格鲁撒克逊⼈C 8世纪末阿尔弗雷德⼤帝King Alfred北欧海盗D 1066年诺曼征服NormansWilliam of NormandyBattle of HastingsKing Harold4.英国内战 civil war 资产阶级⾰命⼆Scotland1. Glasgow 最⼤城市 --P16 II 82. ⼤学15世纪 ancient and international university --P17 III 11三WalesUnlike England it did not fall to the Anglo-Saxon invaders of the 5th century --P16 II 11名词解释London:the largest city located in the south of the country . London is dominant in the UK in all fields;government finance and culture.London is one of the top three financial centers in the worldUnit 2 a brief introduction to the united kingdom iiNorthern Ireland1.宗教爱尔兰⼈是天主教徒 Catholics英国⼈是新教徒 Protestants--P33 I 62.1921年独⽴ Irish State (分⽔岭)3.爱尔兰南部26郡成⽴⾃由邦北部6 郡仍属英国—P34 II 104 .Loyalist 民族派希望加⼊爱尔兰共和国Unionist 联合派亲英国5.The official IRA 倾向于政治⼿段解决–P34 III 4The Provisional IRA 军事–P35 III 5“The Bullet and the Ballot Box”—P35 III 106.区分 Sinn Fein是政党 --P33 I 8/P35 III 11,121919 IRA是军事团体⾮政党7 .1973年 Power-Sharing mechanism权利分享机制—P34 II 88.1972 “Bloody Sunday”—P34 II 79.1985 Anglo-Irish agreement --P33 I 910. Downing –Street Declaration唐宁街宣⾔授权英军司令直接⼲预北爱治安事务名词解释1.”Home-rule”:1914年被签署成为法律。

新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)unit1-12课后习题选择填空

新编英美概况许鲁之(第四版)unit1-12课后习题选择填空

Chapter1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.In area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world.2.The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3.The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains4.Death Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin.5.The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer.6.The western part of Washington State has the highest rainfall in the US.7.The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan8.The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Utah.1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.2. The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas:A. the Atlantic seacoast west to the AppalachiansB. the Mississippi River BasinC. the Rockies west to the Pacific3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile.4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables.5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana and Texas, and from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma and California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has reminded consistently in the 40% ranges.6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive.Chapter 2 American Population1.The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry.2.About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s.3.The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 1954.4.American Indians now mainly live in the South.5.The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except Spain.6.The West now leads in percentage increase in population.7.According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes.8.The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except the South.1.The United States is the third most populous nation in the world.2.Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race, and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter.3.The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants, but soon[ after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves. The blacks were formally freed in1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line.4.The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious and intelligent. They are now viewed as a “model minority” in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. The ancestors of the present American Indians came from Asia.2.“The ambition for the vast lands”is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century.3. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach India.4. Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India.5. John Cabot was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the east.6. New York was not founded first by the English.7. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones except Virginia. (New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland)8. The last one of the 13 colonies was Georgia, which was established in 1733.1. In 1488 Bartholomew Diaz, sailing under the Portuguese flag, went to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern Africa. In 1492 Christopher Columbus, financed by rulers of Spain sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the islands of the Caribbean. He was convinced that he had found the continent of Asia.2. The South Africa was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci who showed the land he arrived in was a new continent. Before long the land was named America after his name.3. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, was founded in 1607. In 1620, Pilgrims and others arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts. They drew up “Mayflower Compact”4. By 1775, the 13 colonies in North America could be classified as the following three kinds. Specify how the governors were chosen in each.a. Royal: appointed by the English Kingb. Proprietary: chosen by proprietorsc. Self-governing: elected by residents5. Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they become a center for fishing and shipbuilding. The middle colonies were known as the breadbasket, which produced wheat and potatoes as the major staple. The southern colonies developed a plantation system. The main crop in the South was tobacco. Much later, cotton became important crop.Chapter 4 American Revolution1. There was a great change in policy towards the 13 colonies after 1763.2. The Stamp Act of 1765 first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies.3. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order to help the British East India Company.4. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies except Georgia.5. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in Lexington.6. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists to declare their in dependence.7. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.8. The victory at Saratoga was considered as the turning point of the War of Independence.1. During the colonial days the English ruling class did everything they could to control the development of the colonial economy. The colonies in North America were supposed to complement and not compete with English industry.2. Within the five years from 1763 to 1767 after the war with France, the British government adopted several measures to extract more money from colonies. The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, for example, laid taxes on certain imports and numerous articles in America to help pay for the costs of British government in the colonies.3. The Sons of Liberty was formed in 1765 to organize the opposition to the Stamp Act. They favored to take violent action to the stamp collectors.4. The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in Sep.1774. The majority of the representatives still favor to take peaceful means to settle the quarrel with the British. They agreed to refuse to buy English goods, hoping in this way to force the British government to give in to their demands. This united action could be called boycott.5. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. Karl Marx once called it “the first declaration of the rights of the individual”.6. The American War of Independence lasted 7 years. The fighting was actually ended in 1781, but the final treaty between Britain and the United States was signed in Paris in 1783. The boundaries of the United States were fixed roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River on the west and from the Great Lakes on the north to Spanish Florida on the south. The direct social change brought about by the American Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the British.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. The confederation created in 1781 was a very loose union of states.2. James Madison was called the Father of the US Constitution.3. The Constitution was frames on the following ideals except that the new government should impose its authority on the people through states.4. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called Federalists.5. Nine States were needed to ratify the Constitution.6. “They spell out the people’s right” is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers.7. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least three-fourths of the states.8. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president was James Madison.1. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only a legislature; it had no separate executive and judicial divisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce and to tax their citizens.2. The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787. Fifty-five delegates from all states except Rhode Island attended the opening session. The president of the convention was George Washington.3. The Antifederalists opposed the constitution and preferred a more decentralized federal system of government.4. George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in 1788. The first Vice-President was John Adams, and the first Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton, and the first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson.5. the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase, which was about 828,000 square miles. This Purchase doubled the area of the then United States.6. The War of 1812 is also called the Second War of Independence. This war lasted three years and ended in another American victory. An important result of the war was the strengthening of national unity and patriotism. And it was after this war that the US was able to make the change of a semi-colonial economy into a really independent national economy.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas except Latin America for Europeans.2. The US continental expansion was almost complete by 1848.3. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly because of the Whitney’s cotton gin.4. In 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some abolitionists.5. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that he would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Union.6. “It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States” about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate.7. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its industrial superiority.8. An advantage the South had over the North was its superior military leadership.1. The essence of the Monroe Doctrine was “America for Americans” which later became the cornerstone of the US foreign policy.2. The US expansion to the west may be treated in three stages;A. the settlement of the region between seaboard states and the Mississippi RiverB. the settlement of the Louisiana Territoryc. the occupation of the far Southwest.3. The great majority of dwellers in Louisiana Territory were the descendants of the French pioneers. They settled mainly in two cities: St. Louis and New Orleans.4. Oregon Territory was settled between Britain and the United States in 1846. Its boundary on the north was fixed at the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude.5. Under Missouri Compromise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state, but the balance of political power maintained by admission of Maine as a free state. In addition, slavery was to be prohibited in the rest of Louisiana Territory north of the line36°30’ parallel.6. In 1862, the federal government took two revolutionary measures: (1) Homestead Act and (2) Emancipation proclamation.7. In July 1863 came the turning point of the war at Gettysburg. Here the Confederate army under the general Robert E. Lee was defeated. The battlefield was made a national cemetery, where Lincoln gave his famous speech, the Gettysburg Address, on November 19, 1863.8. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which abolished slavery throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings was Andrew Johnson.2. The radical Reconstruction was ended under the President Rutherford B. Hays3. Gold was discovered in California in 1848.4. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed in 1869.5. Telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander D. Bell.6. The value of manufactured goods in the US was worth twice as that of her agricultural products by 1900.7. The first imperialist war, the US—Spanish War, broke out in 1898.8. After the US—Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas except Cuba (Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines)1. The Reconstruction Acts divided all the former Confederate states, except Tennessee, into five military districts and each was put under the control of a Northern army officer. The officer had the power to keep order and to enforce martial law if necessary.2. During the Reconstruction period many Northerners moved to the south .Whatever their motives, these Northerners came to be called carpetbaggers because they were said to have brought all their belongings to the South in a small, cheap suitcase made out of a carpet like material.3. During the Reconstruction the Southern whites who supported the radical reconstruction and joined the Republican Party were called scalawags. They were considered as traitors by the Southern Democrats.4. The KKK, founded in Tennessee in 1866, was a secret society for restoring white supremacy and driving blacks out of politics.5. During Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency the US got control of Panama Canal.Chapter 8 World War I and the Depression1. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the first place in economy in Europe was Germany.2. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observe strict neutrality.3. The US joined the First World War in 1917.4. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of creation of an international peacekeeping force.5. “Only the rich could afford new consumer goods” about the US in 1920s is not true.6. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thou ght that the basic role of the Government was to “create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprises”.7. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’ problem of overproduction.8. “It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar” is not right to comment on the New Deal.1. The First World War was waged between two groups of imperialist powers: the Allies and the Central European Power.2. The direct cause that made the US declare war on Germany in 1917was the Germany’s unlimited campaign.3. The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was the formation of the League of Nations.4. The United States didn’t join the League of Nations because the US Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles.5. Three major treaties were concluded at the Washington Conference:(1) The Four-Power Treaty, respecting the status quo in the Pacific.(2) The Five-Power Treaty, on naval arms apportionment.(3) The Nine-Power Treaty, guaranteeing the independence and integrity of China in appearance, but actually a public international affirmation of the Open Door policy.6. The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted in 1920, which granted women the right to vote.7. The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the Stock Market in New York in October, 1929. This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.Chapter 9 American During and After World War II1. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except active intervention to prevent aggression.2. The US formally entered the Second World War in 1941.3. Normandy Landing took place on June 6, 1944.4. At Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945 did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree to call a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945.5. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.6. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of nonviolence.7. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under the President Lyndon B. Johnson.8. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between China and the US was established under the President Carter.1. The cash-and-carry policy allowed US citizens to sell certain no prohibited goods to belligerent nations as long as thosegoods were not transported on American ships.2. Lend-Lease Act enabled any country whose defense the President considered vital to that of the US to receive arms and other equipment and supplies by sale, transfer, exchange, or lease. F.D. Roosevelt explained the Act would make the US the arsenal of world democracy.3. Civil rights involve government protection of individuals against discrimination based on their race,religion nation origin, gender, age, and other factors. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was honored for his effort to fight discrimination. In 1964, he won the Nobel Prize for peace.4. Star Wars program was proposed by President Reagan in 1983. The program seeks to construct a defensive “shield” against incoming missiles. The shield would be made of laser and electronic devices that would destroy such missiles launched to attack the US.5. In 1990, President Bush ordered Operation Desert Storm to punish Iraq, more than 200000 US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia, and the US navy blocked all oil exports from Iraq and all imports except food.6. Under Clinton, the US enjoyed an economic growth for nine consecutive years. This phenomenon, hardly seen before, has been termed the “new economy” by some. The fundamental reason for it is that American economic structure went through essential changes because of the promotion of scientific and technological progress.Chapter 10 the Federal System and Congress1. The power of the state in the US is actually from both B and C. (the state constitution, the US Constitution)2. The supreme law of the United States includes all the above three.3. The terms of the senator and representative are six and two years respectively.4.”The 17th Amendment (1913)” provided for the direct election of senators.5. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote in the Senate.6. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in the House.7. The Speaker of the House is second in line in presidential succession.8. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the bill is vested in the Rules Committee.1. Federalism means the division of powers by a constitution between the central government and state government. It operates only on two levels, the national and the states. Units of government within a state enjoy no independent existence.2. Separation of powers in the United States means not only allocating legislative power to Congress, executive power to President and judicial power to the Supreme Court, but also giving each branch constitutional and political independence and checks and balances that ensure each of the three branches a sufficient role in the actions of the others.3. According to the Constitution, members of the House of Representatives must be25years old and must have been citizens for 7 years. Senators must be at least 30 and must have been citizens for 9 years.4. The Vice President is officially the presiding officer and is called the president of the Senate. In fact he seldom appears in the Senate chamber in this role unless it appears that there might be tie vote in the Senate. In such instances, he casts the tiebreaking vote. To deal with day-to-day business, the Senate chooses the president pro tempore.5. A senator who wants to delay action on a bill or kill it altogether may use a tactic called a filibuster. It can be cut off only through cloture.6. Lobbying is part of the citizen’s right to petition government in the US. Now there are thousands of lobbyists in Washington D.C. Their influence in making the US policy is so great that some people call them “the third house”.Chapter 11 The President and the Judiciary1. The 22nd Amendment in following limits the President to two successive terms only.2. The American President has all the following powers except declaring war on another country.3. The president’s major appointments should be approved by the Senate.4. “It requires the approval of Congress” is not correct to explain the executive agreement.5. The President’s veto can be overridden by two-third votes in both houses.6. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries are the district courts.7. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is to interpret the US constitution.8. The case involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in the federal district courts.1. By law any natural-born American citizen of and over 35 years of age and of being a resident within the United States for 14years can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualified president-elect takes office on the20th of January following his election.2. The war powers resolution (1973) requires the President to consult congress and withdraw troops after sixty days unless Congress specifically approves the continued deployment of troops.3. A federal law gave President an item veto in 1996, which is an authority to reject specific sections of a bill without having to veto the entire bill.4. The Supreme Court has the power to examine the bills passed by Congress and policies made by President, and declare them unconstitutional and thus abolish them. John Marshall, the most famous chief justice in American history called this power of interpretation judicial review5. There are three federal court levels: 1) the district courts 2) the courts of appeal 3) the Supreme Court. All the judges of federal courts are appointed by President with the consent of the Senate. The state court system also has a hierarchy of three levels: 1) superior courts, 2) appellate courts, 3) a state supreme court. The state court judges are usually elected. The term of the country court judges is usually four years. And the judges in higher state courts usually sever eight or twelve years for one termChapter 12 Political Parties and Elections1. The emblem of the Democratic Party is donkey.2. The first Democratic President was Thomas Jefferson.3. The first Republican President was Abraham Lincoln.4. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was Grover Cleveland.5. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated at the national convention.6. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on the Tues, after the 1st Mon.7. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal to the number of its senators and Representatives.8. The American President is actually elected by presidential electors.1. Two factions emerged during the ratification of the US Constitution. One group was called Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton. They favored business development, a strong national government, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Another group led by Thomas Jefferson was called Democratic-Republicans. They called for a society based on small farms, a relatively weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The roots of today’s Republican Party lie in the Federalists, while the Democrats can trace their beginnings back to Antifederalists or Democratic-Republicans.2. In general, Democrats traditionally have supported workers and minorities, while the Republicans are known for known for their support of business and conservative positions on social issues.3. Before 1971 the only state that gave 18-year-old the right to vote was Georgia; all other states set the age at 21. In 1971 the 26th Amendment to the Constitution lowered the voting age to 18.4. The voting percentage now is very low in the United States. In general older people with more education and high income tend to vote, while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has the lowest voting percentage in the Unites States.5. The candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes. This is known as the “winner-take-all” principle. The candidate who wins the majority of the 538 Electoral College votes will be the US President in the next four years.。

新编英美概况 许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

新编英美概况 许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-7课后习题简答题答案

Unit 1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1. How many states are there in the United States? And which two states are geographically separated from the others? (50, Alaska, Hawaii)2. What are the general characters of the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains.1) To the west of Atlantic coastal plain lie the Appalachian Mountains that begin in Canada and reach all the way to Georgia and Alabama. These are old mountains with rounded tops and wooded hills, usually not exceeding 800m in height. The highest point is only 2000m above the sea. Most of the mountain ridges are low enough to be easily crossed by modern highways. The Appalachians have much beautiful scenery and many tourist resorts. The Ohio and the Tennessee Rivers flow down the western slopes of the Appalachians to the great Mississippi River, deep in the heart of America.2) To the west of the Great Plains lie the Rocky Mountains, “the backbone of the continent”. These high mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic and form what is known as Continental Divide, or Great Divide, the most important watershed on the continent. The Rockies are more than twice as high as the Appalachians and high enough to receive more rain than the surrounding plains and plateaus. Consequently, they are mostly forested. The striking and varied scenery of the Rockies has given rise to the establishment of many national parks here. The other natural wonders include roaming herds of buffalo, elk, deer, antelope and sheep, as well as the famous grizzly bear.Chapter 2 American Population1.Why is the United States known as a “melting pot”?It means that the US is composed of immigrants from different nations all over the world.①The people of the US are predominantly white.②The second most numerous minority in the US were the black people whose forefathers came fromAfrica.③American Indians were the original inhabitants on the continent.④There were about 50.5 million Hispanics in 2010 in the US. They are the Spanish-speaking immigrantsfrom Latin American countries.⑤The Chinese American have proved to be industrious and intelligent.2.What factors cause the Americans to move frequently within the United States?①The desire for economic betterment is generally the most important force inducing migration.②Geographic difference in economic opportunity, as reflected by such factors as differences inemployment opportunities and earning power for workers and differences in the availability and the price of land for farmers.③Noneconomic factors. Such as climate, racial attitudes, and family tires, influencing migration.3.Why do many Americans now migrate from cities to suburbs?①The widespread uses of automobiles and the construction of express highways made it possible forpeople to live farther away from their jobs.②The telephone reduced the need for them to work or live in close proximity to one another.③Suburban areas offered more living space than cities, lower crime rates, less pollution, and superiorschools. It is generally believed that they are better place for raising children.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. Discuss the pre-Columbian cultures in the Americas.1) The Aztecs of Mexico2) The Incas of Peru3) The Indians of North America4) Indian contributions to European culture: Foods, Drugs and Utilitarian objects2. Why did the discoveries of New World before Columbus not exert great influence in the world at that time?Because Europe was then poor and politically fragmented, It was beset by local wars and civil disorder and largely illiterate. In short, Europe was then incapable of responding to the Norse discoveries.3.Why did so many English people move to the New World in the 17th century?1) The New World was a great and rich land. In the New World there were all those resources necessary for agricultural and industrial development.2)During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I (1588-1603), the English in growing numbers realized that the New World was their best place to make their fortunes, and to worship and live according to their beliefs.3)Some of them might move to America to leave oppressive political institutions, to escape burdensome church duties, to acquire large landholdings or merely to change their general pattern of living. Of course, material gain was a common factor.4. What was the social structure of the 13 colonies?Society in the l3 colonies was like a pyramid.①The top was made up of merchants and landlords.②The base was made up of refugees from Europe, black slaves from Africa. And native Indians.5.Why did not the American Indians become slaves during the colonial days?As for Indians, they could not put up with slavery. If an Indian was enslaved, his fellow tribe members would fight to free him. So the colonialists soon gave up the attempt to use them as slave labor. Instead they seized the land of the Indians and drove them away or killed them.Chapter 4 American Revolution2. What happened on the evening of March 5, 1770?A clash between American colonies and British soldiers took place in Boston.①A group of unemployed laborer attacked a British sentry stationed at the Boston customhouse.②When the British soldiers dispatched to help the sentry arrived, they met a rapidly growing, angry crowd.③Someone gave the command for the soldiers to fire.④Three colonies were killed and several were wounded, two of whom later died.3. How did the colonies react to the Townshend Act?The colonies, however, still rejected the idea that the Parliament in Britain had the right to tax them without consent and reacted to these new duties by refusing to import any of the taxed goods.4. What were the main contents of the Declaration of Independence?①The Preamble, which explains why the Declaration was issued.②A statement of principles of government to which the American people were committed③A list of injustices suffered by the colonists.④A summary of efforts the colonies had made to avoid a break with the mother country.⑤The proclamation is that the “Colonies are Free and Independent States”5. What was the importance of the victory at Saratoga?The victory and Saratoga wa s a turning point of the war. It further heightened the spirit of the Americans, but more importantly it caused action abroad. It was after this battle that the French agreed to join the war against Britain. Later Spain and Holland joined France while most of the other European powers formed an Armed Neutrality to protect their commerce from Britain’s naval power.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. What is confederation?A confederation is a government in which the constituent governments, called states in the US, create a central government by constitutional compact but do not give it power to regulate the conduct ofindividuals.2. Compare the powers of the governments under the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.3. What does the “check and balance” mean?It means that each branch of government-executive, legislative, or judicial-must exercise distinct powers and be selected in a distinct way, and that each branch must be able to “check and balance” the others if one branch grew too powerful and sought to dominate the others.4. What was the Bill of Rights?It guaranteed freedom of speech, religion, peaceful assembly, and the press; the right to bear arms; freedom from unreasonable search; and the right to the protection of certain legal procedures known as the due process of law.5. What were the chief causes of the War of 1812?①The British were not reconciled to the loss of their thirteen colonies. Using Canada as the base, they always challenged to battle with the young Republic.②This anger reaches its peak in 1807 when one British warship attached and boarded in American ship, killing and wounding 21men and impressing four sailors.③Jefferson persuaded Congress to pass an Embargo Act, which forbade all ships, except foreign ones without charge, to leave American ports.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. What was the importance of the Monroe Doctrine?The essence was” America for Americans”, which later became a cornerstone of the US foreign policy. As the New world developed in the years ahead this Doctrine became more meaningful and was strengthened by a broader interpretation to meet the needs of an energetic and ambitious United States.2. What were the basic causes of the Civil War?Two different social-economic systems existed side by side in the United States.In the South slavery was the foundation of the economic system while in the North industry and commerce were the main character of its economy. The swiftly growing industries in the North required the restriction of slavery as well as an expanding territory in order to provide capitalist production with raw materials, markets and abundant labor supply.The slave economy in the South was an obstacle to industrial growth and expansion. This economic antagonism led to increased conflicts between the North and the South.3. What was the doctrine of the “popular sovereignty”?This doctrine means that the inhabitants of the new territories can decide the question of slavery for themselves. In appearance, it seemed fair, but in actual practice, as far as slavery was concerned, the doctrine did not work.4. How do you comment on the American Civil War?The outcome of the war placed the northern capitalists in solid control of the federal government of the US capitalism. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which freed all slaves throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. What is the 10 percent plan?The plan provided that as soon as 10 percent of voters in any state had taken the oath of loyalty, they could form their own government and would be entitled to the recognition of their state by the president of the United States.2. Why was Andrew Johnson impeached by the House?In March 1867, Congress passed two Acts that took away two presidential prerogatives: the right to remove Cabinet members and the right to remove army officers under his command.To test the constitutionality of the Act, President Andrew Johnson removes Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretaryof War, from office in1869, who was the only remaining Radical in Johnson’s Cabinet.He thus walked into troubles with the radicals. Later the House voted to impeach the President.3. After the Reconstruction, how were the civil rights of the Blacks in the South?①Voters must be able to read and write;②Voting taxes were introduced;③The whites also took steps to segregate the blacks and two separate societies emerged in the South.4. Why did the US have a rapid industrial growth after the Civil War?①The vast industrial development began with the opening the West.②Speeding this process of western settlement were the railroads.③Science and technology were also greatly marching forward.④The basic industry of the nation, iron and steel, also developed rapidly after the Civil War.⑤The oil industry also developed rapidly.⑥During the latter part of the 19th industry, industrial expansion in America went ahead rapidly.⑦There was a clear indication of rapid concentration of capital.6. What was the “Open Door Policy”?The so-called “Open Door Policy”which demanded that all the imperialist powers should enjoy equal chance in China as freely as other aggressors.。

英美文化概论---纯正英语版----Education-in-UK[1]

英美文化概论---纯正英语版----Education-in-UK[1]
Historically, education was voluntary and many of the schools that existed were set up by churches. The influence of the church on schooling is still strong: until very recently, religious education was the only subject which the state insisted all schools teach their pupils. Daily prayers and singing hymns is still a regular part of school life.
In Britain the academic year is divided into three terms of about twelve weeks each.
The education system in the UK is divided into four main parts, primary education, secondary education, further education and higher education.
not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills they will need to become active members of society
but also to socialize children, learn the rules and values they need to become good citizens, to participate in the community, and to contribute to the economic prosperity of an advanced industrial economy.

英美文化概论

英美文化概论

英美文化概论导言:在全球化的今天,英美文化已成为世界范围内广泛接受和影响深远的文化形式。

英美文化的独特性和多样性使其融入了各个层面的社会生活。

本文将对英美文化进行概述,包括英美文化的起源、主要特征和影响力等方面。

一、起源1. 英美文化的历史背景英美文化源于英国和美国两个国家,两国在历史发展中形成了独特的文化基因。

英国作为美国的殖民地,英国文化是美国文化的重要来源之一。

17世纪至18世纪期间,随着大量移民的涌入,欧洲文化也对美国文化的形成产生了影响。

2. 英美文化的多样性英美文化是一个多元且充满活力的文化体系。

它包括了英国各个地区的本土文化以及美国不同地区和种族背景的文化。

这种多样性使英美文化具备了包容性和创造性。

二、主要特征1. 语言英语是英美文化的基本媒介和表达方式。

英美英语具有许多共同点,但也有一些差异,如发音、词汇和语法等方面。

同时,英语在英美文化中的地位也是相当重要的。

2. 文学英美文学以其独特的风格和世界知名的作家而闻名。

从莎士比亚到丽兹·堤勒,英美文学不仅包括古典作品和传统文学,还涵盖了现代文学和儿童文学等多个领域。

3. 音乐英美文化中的音乐具有广泛的影响力。

从古典音乐到流行音乐,英美的音乐创作和表演都具有独特的风格和特点。

如披头士乐队、迈克尔·杰克逊等,这些音乐人和乐队都成为了英美音乐文化的重要代表。

4. 电影英美电影是全球最具影响力的电影产业之一。

从好莱坞到英国电影,这些电影以其独特的剧情和制作质量广受欢迎。

同时,英美文化对于电影风格、故事情节以及电影产业的发展都起到了重要推动作用。

5. 社交礼仪英美文化中的社交礼仪和行为规范也是其特征之一。

英美人民注重礼节和谦和,在社交场合中会注重礼貌的表达和行为举止。

例如,握手、微笑、道谢等行为是英美社交礼仪中的常见做法。

三、影响力1. 全球影响力由于英美文化的广泛传播和深入影响,其对全球的影响力不言而喻。

无论是英语的普及、英美文学的翻译与传播,还是英美电影和音乐在全球范围内的流行,都体现了英美文化的全球影响力。

英美文化概论之名词解释大全

英美文化概论之名词解释大全

01. Humanism(人文主义)Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.2> it emphasizes the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life. Humanists voiced their beliefs that man was the center of the universe and man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of the present life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders.02. Renaissance(文艺复兴)The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”, it meant the reintroduction into westerm Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2>the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3> the real mainstream of the english Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with william shakespeare being the leading dramatist.03. Metaphysical poetry(玄学派诗歌)Metaphysical poetry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2>with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3>the diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4>the imagery is drawn from actual life.04. Classism(古典主义)Classism refers to a movement or tendency in art, literature, or music that reflects the principles manifested in the art of ancient Greece and Rome. Classicism emphasizes the traditional and the universal, and places value on reason, clarity, balance, and order. Classicism, with its concern for reason and universal themes, is traditionally opposed to Romanticism, which is concerned with emotions and personal themes.05. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)Enlightenment movement was a progressive philosophical and artistic movement which flourished in france and swept through western Europe in the 18th century.2> the movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance from 14th century to the mid-17th century.3>its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern philosophical and artistic ideas.4>it celebrated reason or rationality, equality and science. It advocated universal education.5>famous among the great enlighteners in england were those great writers like Alexander pope. Jonathan swift.etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主义)In the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works.2>this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.3> they believed that the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.07. The Graveyard School(墓地派诗歌)The Graveyard School refers to a school of poets of the 18th century whose poems are mostly devoted to a sentimental lamentation or meditation on life. Past and present, with death and graveyard as themes.2>thomas Gray is considered to be the leading figure of this school and his Elegy written in a country churchyard is its most representative work.08. Romanticism(浪漫主义)In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to england.2>it was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage of neoclassicism, which emphasized reason, order and elegant wit. Instead ,romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emtion, and natural beauty.3>in the histiry of literature. Romanticism is generally regarded as the thought that designates a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see the individual as the very center of all life and experience.4> the english romantic period is an age of poetry. Which prevailed in england from 1798 to 1837. the major romantic poets include wordsworth, Byron, shelley.09. Byronic Hero(拜伦式英雄)Bronic hero refers to a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.2> with immense superiority in his passions and powers, this Byronic Hero would carry on his shoulders the burden of righting all the wrongs in a corrupt society. And would rise single-handedly against any kind of tyrannical rules either in government, in religion, or in moral principles with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies.3> Byron’s chief contributio n to english literature is his creation of the “Byronic Hero”10. Critical Realism(批判现实主义)Critical Realism is a term applied to the realistic fiction in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.2> It means th tendency of writers and intellectuals in the period between 1875 and 1920 to apply the methods of realistic fiction to the criticism ofsociety and the examination of social issues.3> Realist writers were all concerned about the fate of the common people and described what was faithful to reality.4> charles Dickens is the most important critical realist.11. Aestheticism(美学主义)The basic theory of the Aesthetic movement--- “art for art’s sake” was set forth by a French poet,Theophile Gautier.the first englishman who wrote about the theory of aestheticism was Walter Pater.2> aestheticism places art above life, and holds that life should imitate art, not art imitate life. 3> According to the aesthetes, all artistic creation is absolutely subjective as opposed to objective. Art should be free from any influence of egoism. Only when art is for art’s sake, can it be immortal. They believed that art should be unconcerned with controversial issues, such as politics and morality, and that it should be restricted to contributing beauty in a highly polished style.4> This is one of the reactions against the materialism and commercialism of the Vi ctorian industrial era, as well as a reaction against the victorian convention of art for morality’s sake, or art for money’ssake.美学运动的基本原则”为艺术而艺术”最初由法国诗人西奥费尔.高缔尔提出,英国运用该美学理论的第一人是沃尔特.佩特.美学主义崇尚艺术高于生活,认为生活应模仿艺术,而不是艺术模仿生活.在美学主义看来,所有的艺术创作都是绝对主观而非客观的产物.艺术不应受任何功利的影响,只有当艺术为艺术而创作时,艺术才能成为不朽之作.他们还认为艺术不应只关注一些热点话题如政治和道德问题,艺术应着力于以华丽的风格张扬美.这是对维多利亚工业发展时期物质崇拜的一种回应,也是向艺术为道德或为金钱而服务的维多利亚传统的挑战.12.The victorian period(维多利亚)In this period, the novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. While sticking to the principle of faithful representation of the 18th century realist novel, novelists in this period carried their duty forward to criticism of the society and the defense of the mass.2> although writing from different points of view andwith different techniques, they shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about the fate of the common people. They were angry with the inhuman social institutions, the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism, and the widespread misery, poverty and injustice.3>their truthful picture of people’s life and bitter and strong criticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.4> Charles Dickens is the leading figure of the Victorian period.13. Modernism(现代主义)Modernism is comprehensive but vague term for a movement , which begin in the late 19th century and which has had a wide influence internationally during much of the 20th century.2> modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical case.3> the term pertains to all the creative arts. Especially poetry, fiction, drama, painting,music and architecture.4> in england from early in the 20th century and during the 1920s and 1930s, in America from shortly before the first world war and on during the inter-war period, modernist tendencies were at their most active and fruitful.5>as far as literature is concerned, Modernism reveals a breaking away from established rules, traditions and conventions.fresh ways of looking at man’s position and function in the universe and many experiments in form and style.it is particularly concerned with language and how to use it and with writing itself.14. Stream of consciousness(意识流)(or interior monologue)In literary criticism, Stream of consciousness denotes a literary technique which seeks to describe an individual’s point of view by giving the written equivalent of the character’s thought processes. Stream of consciousness wri ting is strongly associated with the modernist movement. Its introduction in the literary context, transferred from psychology, is attributed to May Sinclair. Stream of consciousness writing is usually regarded as a special form of interior monologue and is characterized by associative leaps in syntax and punctuation that can make the prose difficult to follow,tracing as they do a character’s fragmentary thoughts and sensory feelings.famous writers to employ this technique in the english language include James Joyce and William Faulkner.学术界认为意识流是一种通过直接描述人物思维过程来寻求个人视角的文学写作技巧。

英美法概论(最新版本)

英美法概论(最新版本)

英美法概论第一章普通法本章将介绍英美法的重要法源——普通法,包括普通法的基本含义、形成的原因以及学术观点。

重点是普通法形成原因之分析。

第一节普通法的含义一、普通法的含义(一)关于对common law的翻译“习惯法”抑或“普通法”?(二)普通法的含义1.原始含义:是指在13世纪爱德华一世时期形成的与地方习惯法相对称,在王室法院适用的通行于全英国的“习惯法”。

来源于教会法的jus commune,lex communis2.普通法的现代含义(1)与衡平法相对称即指原始含义上的普通法。

指从13世纪形成的在全英国普遍适用的共同的习惯法。

即由英国早期王室法院适用的通行于全国的习惯法。

(2)与制定法相对称,普通法就是判例法。

(3)与其他国家的法律相对称,普通法就是指英国法。

(4)与大陆法相对称,指与大陆法相对立的整个英美法。

包括普通法、衡平法、制定法。

二、与普通法相关的几个概念(一)判例法(case law)既指一种法律方法,也指一种法律.从法律方法角度讲,判例法是“是根据法院和法庭以往对特定案件所作司法决定而对其中设定的法律原则和规则进行概括的普遍术语。

从法渊角度讲,判例法是汇编判例的集合或者是作为证据的特定主题的法律,或者是由已决案件形成的法律,区别于制定法和其他法律渊源。

(二)案件(case)《布莱克法律字典》对“case”有不同含义广义理解上既包括已决案件,也包括未决案件。

狭义理解上,“案件”较为合适。

(三)先例(precedent)先例是“法院做出的决定或已决案件。

为后来出现的类似或相近案件提供了范例或者效力。

法院在先前案件中确立的原则基础上审理案件,在事实或法律原则上与待决案件相似的先前案件即为先例(四)遵循先例(stare decisis)遵循先例是适用判例法的原理或者规则。

第二节普通法的形成一、普通法形成的学术观点(一)国内关于普通法形成的主流学说普通法的形成与英格兰国王政府在司法领域的中央集权化的尝试分不开,1066年“诺曼征服”以后,原有的各地分散的习惯法给统一的全国管理带来了很大的不便和困难。

英美文化概论 纯正英语版 Introduction to the UK[1]

英美文化概论   纯正英语版    Introduction to the UK[1]

London
When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London all that life can afford. ---Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
London is in the south of the country, and, is dominant in the UK in all sorts of ways. 1)The largest city in the country, with about one seventh of the nation’s population; 2) The seat of government 3) The cultural centre, home to all the major newspapers, TV stations, and the widest selection of galleries, theatres and museums. Major newspapers: Times The Guardian The Financial Times The Daily Telegraph The Observer The Daily Express The Daily Mail
英国国旗

英国国旗:呈横长方形,长与宽之比为2∶1。为 “米”字旗,由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。 旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治, 白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁,红色交 叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。此旗产生于 1801年,是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰 的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十 字旗重叠而成。

英美概论——精选推荐

英美概论——精选推荐

英美概论英概资料之⼀British & American SurveyPart One: Geographical FeaturesCountry Names External Features Internal FeaturesGreat Britain North Sea in East Highland in North & WestEngland Channel in the South Lowland in East & SouthNarrowest part: DoverRepublic of Ireland Northern Ireland on the north A limestone plateau by coast central Irish Sea on the east with bogsSt. George Channel on the southeastAtlantic on the north & westAmerica Canada in the north Appla northeast to southMexical & Gulf of Mexico to south Rocky northwest to SoutheastAtlantic Ocean to the east Mississippi between R & APacific to the west Great Lakes in the northAlaska and Hawaii separated states Ohio in the eastColorado in the southColumbia in the northCanada Alaska to the north Mountains in the eastAmerica to the south Mountains in the westAtlantic to the east Atlantic: north AppalachianPacific to the west Lawrence: south QuebecPrairie: west of OntarioBritish Columbia: PacificAustralia T asman & Pacific: east West PlateauIndian Ocean: west Eastern HighlandArafura & Timor: north Central LowlandsGreat Australian Bight: south新东⽅英概资料:之⼆Part Two: HistoryBritish History (1)PERIOD KING MAJOR EVENT SIGNIFICANCE1066-1087 William Norman Conquest 1. Saxon rule –Norman rule2. feudal system built up3. Continental relation4. French culture5. Closer to Rome Church1087-1100 William Rufus(William's second son)Killed by an arrow when hunting in the forest1154-1189 Joint rule Stephen & Henry 1. civil war between Matilda & Stephen2. Stephen was the king3. Henry was joint ruler4. Plantagenet dynasty1154-1189 Henry II (Matilda's son) 1. All western France from Normandy to Spanish The first king of Plantagenet2. Judicial reform: six circuits3. common law - local4. jury system5. religion: murder Becket1189-1199 King Richard Captured in crusade1199-1215 King John 1. fail to protect Norman land from France2. defied Magna Carta新东⽅英概资料:之三Pan Two: British History (2)PERIOD KING MAJOR EVENT SIGNIFICNCE1216-1272 Henry III 1. Battle with Simon de Montfort2. accept Oxford provision3. Beginning Parliament1272-1277 Henry in Defeat and kill Simon1277-1377 Edward III Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) 1. blessing for both2. French identity separated3. England independentRichard IV 1. peasant uprising 1. a social rebellion2. black death 2. new class of yeomen3. paving the way to capitalism1422-1461 Edward IV1483-1485 Richard II 1. War of Roses 1. 80 nobles killed2. murder Edward IV's son 2. nobility weakened3. defeated by Lancaster 3. king power supreme1485-1509 Henry VII 1. firm rule of England2. peace of home and broad3. Parliament role important1509-1547 Henry VIII 1. religious reform2. divorce Catherine1547-1553 Edward VI1553-1558 Mary Tudor 1. 300 Protestant burnt2. lost Calais to France3. Protestant = nationalism1558-1603 Elizabeth 11. religious reform2. execute Mary Stuart3. defeat Spanish Armada4. English Renaissance新东⽅英概资料:之四1603-1625 James I &. James V1. refuse Puritan proposal2. Gunpowder plot3. divisine right of kings4. dissolve Parliament5. sale offices, forced loans1625-1649 Charlie I (James'son)1. conflict with Parliament Puritan Revolmion:2. make treaty with Scot 1. Parliament & king3. two Civil Wars 2. urban middle class and4. executed by Cromwell traditional class3. endfeudaJsvsT-em1649-1660 Oliver Crowell 1. execute Charlie I 4. shake Europe feudal Common- 2. surpress levelers 5. start of modern historywealth 3. surpress Ireland uprising4. lord orotector3660-1685 Charlie II restoration1685-1688 James II1. secret Catholic2. rejecTed bv Parliamem1689-1702 William II1. glorious revolution2. accept bill of rightEdward VIII abdicate due to his marriage to Simpson George VI(Edward's brother)The Present Monarch of the Great Britain: Elizabeth II Future Successor: Prince Charles英概资料之五Part Two: HistoryAmerican History (1)PERIOD NAME MAJOR EVENT SIGNIFICANCE 1776-1781 War of Independenc 1. Boston tea party1. a week country won2. Concord and Lexington 2. birth of American3. Declaration independence independence4. Saratoga and Yorktown 3. Spanish colonies overthrow5. Treaty of Paris Spanish rules1812 War of 1812 Three reasons;1. central government is important1. America support French was against Britain2. national feelings and patrotism2. Britain forcibly removed American seamen from ships.3. western development3. Americans' plan to expand territory into Canada4.disputes solved by negotiation1861-1865 Civil War1. foundation of Confederate States of America2. Emancipation Proclamation 1. slavery banned3. turning point at Gettysburg 2. 13th Amendment4. assassination of Lincoln1914-1918 World War I1. American neutrality at beginning2. German submarine war against America3. Paris Conference英概资料之六American History (2)PERIOD NAME MAJOR EVENT SIGNIFICNCE1929-1932 Depression1. black Thursday Overcome the serious economic& New Deal 2. veteran protest crisis3. Franklin's new deal4. content of new deal1941- 2945 World War II1. isolationist policy Tension between U.S and Soviet2. lend - lease programe Union3. attack on Pearl Harbor4. American policy to Soviet Union5. Teheran & Yalta1. Truman Doctrine2. Marshall Plan3. Berlin biocade4. NATO Foundation5. Korean War1950-1960 Cold War II1. Mccarthvism2. Civil Right Movement:Little Rock IncidentMontgomery Incident3. Cuban Missile Crisis1960-1973 Vietnam War 1. three movement interact 1. the U.S was weakened2. significance of Vietnam war 2. Americans divided in views3. watergate scandal 3. ruling circles divide in views4. U. S was discredited1980'S Conservatism1. Ronald Reagan2. new right conservatism英概资料之七Part Two: HistoryCanada History (1)PERIOD RULES MAJOR EVENTS15th century discovery 1. John Cabot, an lialian sailor claimed Newfoundiandand the easr coast of Canada2. Jacques Cartier, a Frenchman, sailed up lo Montrealand opened the interior of Canada to French17th century settlement 1. Samuel de Champlain set up settlement in Quebec City2. Henry Hudson gave his name to a huge bay in central Canada in 16103. English Hudson Bay Company was established in 167018th century seven-year war 1. The French gave up Canada to Britain after Seven-Year war2. The whole Canada was under British rule3. The British allowed 60,000 French stayed on.19th cenrury British rule 1. James Murray, the British appointed governorsympathized with French Canadians against British fur merchant2. Sir Gur Carleton recognized the French character of Quebec3. Quebec Act passed in 17744. Upper Canada Act and Lower Canada Actwere created in 1791. In 1839, a conflict broke out betweenupper and lower Canada.5. The passage of the Act of Union allowed the Upper and Lower6. An internal self-government was established in 184820th century Self-Government 1. In 1869 under the first prime minister Sir. John Macdonald,Canada bought from Hudson Bay Company the vast middle west2. In 1896, Liberal Parry took over and war rule by WilfredLaurier until 1911.3. Laurier founded Canadian Navy and increased Canada's controlover its foreign affairs.4. In 1931, by the Statute of Westminster, Canada Commonwealth.英美⽂学选Novel of the Victorian Period. [P236]Novel became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. A harvest in novel Critical realists:Charles DickensWilliam Makepeace ThackerayCharlotte BronteEmily BronteMrs. Gaskell Anthony TrollopeThey were angry at the inhuman social institutions,the decaying social morality as represented by the money-worship and Utilitarianism,and the widespread misery,poverty and injustice. Their truthful picture of people's life and bitter and strongcriticism of the society had done much in awakening the public consciousness to the social problems and in the actual improvement of the society.George Eliot,the pioneering woman,was the first novelist that "started putting all the actions inside"Thomas Hardy,the Wessex man who not only continued to expose and criticize all sorts of social iniquities,but finally came to question and attack the Victorian conventions and morals.Prose of the Victorian Period [P236]Poetry of the Victorian Period [P236-237]The poetry of this period was mainly characterized by experiments with new styles and new ways of expression. Robert Browning who created the verse novel by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters. This transferred the thematic 主题的interest from mere narration of the story to revelation 新发现,提⽰and study ofCharles Dickens (1812-1870)The definition of Critical Realist:(1)A number of novelists who are strongly critical of the social reality of their day.(2)They don't want to overthrow the existing social order and so they can't see a way out of the terrible situation.(3)They have a word of sympathy for the miseries of the poor laboring masses and cried out loud against social injustice.(4)But they don't approve the use of violence to right the social wrongs.(5)Therefore,they fear rather than welcome the Chartist Movement.Life of Charles Dickens1812 Son of a petty navy officer. Because of financial problem,his father along with his family members was put into prison. Dickens spent some of his childhood in prison.1824 12y,He worked for a shoe blacking factory as a child work. Later,he wrote his miserable life there in Oliver Twist. 1827 Dickens entered a lawyer's office in London,where he acquainted with law court. While in London,he often read book at the British Museum Library.1828 He became a Parliament reporter. The job enabled him to get some insideknowledge of British legal and political system,a chance to meet people of all kinds,a good foundation for writing.1837 25y,Pickwick Paper was published. Dickens gained fame.Major works of Charles DickensOliver Twist (1837-1838)attacked the workhouse system.A T ale of Two Cities (1859)attacked the French Revolution.Dombey and Son (1846-1848)attacked the Capitalist.Bleak House (1852-1853)attacked the law court.Hard Time (1854)attacked the Utilitarianism (facts)。

英美概论

英美概论

1.加利福尼亚州加利福尼亚州位于美国西部,美国经济最发达、人口最多的州。

南邻墨西哥,西濒太平洋。

别称黄金州。

面积41.1 万平方千米。

原为印第安人聚居地。

1769年为西班牙殖民地。

1822年归属墨西哥。

1848年归属美国。

同年发现金矿,持续7 年的淘金热使人口急增,城市迅速发展。

1850年加入联邦,成为美国第三十一州。

第二次世界大战后,新兴工业兴起,农业也因北水南调工程的建成而发达,经济实力及人口跃居前列。

农业用地占全州30%。

主要为灌溉农业。

农牧产品多达几百种。

制造业发达,部门齐全,产品种类繁多,产值及就业人数均居全国第一。

2.伯恩茅斯伯恩茅斯位于英国南海岸,绵延的海岸线,素有南部海滨“晚会之都”的美称,以家庭度假、温和气候和安全宜人的环境著称。

假日经济对于小镇是十分重要的,同时使小镇成为英国有名的学术中心。

它拥有规模巨大的现代化大学会艺术设计学院以及语言学院。

因此,伯恩茅斯每年吸引了来自于世界各地的数千名学生在此就读。

伯恩茅斯的海滩时欧洲最清洁最安全的海滩之一,夏天很多来自欧洲的人们在海滩休闲娱乐。

当地气候温和宜人, 环境干净优美, 治安较好。

3.乔治•华盛顿乔治•华盛顿,美国开国总统。

早年当过土地测量员。

在美国独立战争中,他任大陆军总司令,为美国的独立作出了巨大的贡献。

1789年当选总统,1793年再选连任。

由于他对争取美国独立、发展美国经济、建设民主法制和巩固联邦基础所作的贡献,被美国人尊称为“国父“。

1797年两届任满后,华盛顿拒绝再参加竞选,隐退回乡。

此举开创了美国历史上摒弃终身总统制及和平转移权力的范例。

他毕生未进大学学习,但注意自学,使自己具备了突出的才干。

通过特伦顿、普林斯顿和约克德等战役,击败英军,取得了北美独立战争的胜利。

4.丘吉尔英国首相温斯顿丘吉尔是在第二次世界大战期间,带领英国人民取得反法西斯战争伟大胜利的民族英雄,是与斯大林、罗斯福并立的“三巨头”之一,是矗立于世界史册上的一代伟人。

英美概论1

英美概论1

Chapter 1 American History (1)The "first American "were the Indians. The first English colony in the Americas was founded at Jamestown, Virginaia, in 1607.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established 13 colonies along the east coast of North American.“最早的美国人”是印地安人,英国于1607年在美国建立了第一块殖民地,即在弗吉尼亚的詹姆斯,1607-1733年间,英国在北美洲的东海岸建立了十三个殖民地。

In 1620,201 of Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called Mayflower. They arrived at Plymouth and built the Plymouth colony.1620年,有201名英国清教徒乘坐一名为”五月花号“的船到达了普利茅斯并建立了殖民地。

From 1630 to 1643,some 200 ships transported over 20000 Englishmen to the Massachusetts Bay colony.从1630-1643年,约有200艘船把2万英国人抵马萨者萨弯殖民地。

The colonists were building a new way of life in the New World. There were a number of features, which would play a role in forming the American character. They were :representative from of government, rule of law, respect of individual rights, religious tolerance and a strong spirit of individual enterprise.殖民主义者新生活方式的这些特点在美国人性格形成中发挥了重要作用:建立代义制政府,法治,对个人权利的尊重,宗教上的宽容及强烈的个人进取心。

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St. Patrick's Day
The person who was to become St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland, was born in Wales about AD385. His given name was Maewyn, and he almost didn't get the job of bishop of Ireland because he lacked the required scholarship.Far from being a saint, until he was 16, he considered himself a pagan. At that age, he was sold into slavery by a group of Irish marauders that raided his village. During his captivity, he became closer to God.
He escaped from slavery after six years and went to Gaul where he studied in the monastery under St. Germain, bishop of Auxerre for a period of twelve years. During his training he became aware that his calling was to convert the pagans to Christianity.
His wishes were to return to Ireland, to convert the native pagans to Christianity. But his superiors instead appointed St. Palladius. But two years later, Palladius transferred to Scotland. Patrick, having adopted that Christian name earlier, was then appointed as second bishop to Ireland.
Patrick was quite successful at winning converts. And this fact upset the Celtic Druids. Patrick was arrested several times, but escaped each time. He traveled throughout Ireland, establishing monasteries across the country. He also set up schools and churches which would aid him in his conversion of the Irish country to Christianity.
His mission in Ireland lasted for thirty years. After that time, Patrick retired to County Down. He died on March 17 in AD 461. That day has been commemorated as St. Patrick's Day ever since.
Much Irish folklore surrounds St. Patrick's Day. Not much of it is actually substantiated.
Some of this lore includes the belief that Patrick raised people from the dead. He also is said to have given a sermon from a hilltop that drove all the snakes from Ireland. Of course, no snakes were ever native to Ireland, and some people think this is a metaphor for the conversion of the pagans. Though originally a Catholic holy day, St. Patrick's Day has evolved into more of a secular holiday.
One traditional icon of the day is the shamrock. And this stems from a more bona fide Irish tale that tells how Patrick used the three-leafed shamrock to explain the Trinity. He used it in his sermons to represent how the Father, the Son, and the Holy
Spirit could all exist as separate elements of the same entity. His followers adopted the custom of wearing a shamrock on his feast day.
The St. Patrick's Day custom came to America in 1737. That was the first year St. Patrick's Day was publicly celebrated in this country, in Boston.
It was in Boston where the Day was first celebrated in a public way. Gradually other states took it up. And it was New York that took out the largest ever St Patrick' s Day parade. Held since 1762, the New York City parade on St Patrick's Day draws more than one million spectators each year.
Meanwhile the city of Chicago has developed a unique tradition of coloring the river water green. It started in 1962 when 100 pounds of green vegetable dye were added to its river, enough to keep it green for a week. The tradition has continued till date. Now, 40 pounds of a green food coloring keep the river green for only a few hours.
These apart Irish community in various cities celebrate the Day with social and community works. Making charities, attending mass, promoting their own culture, and feasting with their foods.
Today, St. Patrick's Day is celebrated by people of all backgrounds in the United States, Canada and Australia. Although North America is home to the largest productions, St. Patrick's Day has been celebrated in other locations far from Ireland, including Japan, Singapore and Russia.
In modern-day Ireland, St. Patrick's Day has traditionally been a religious occasion. In fact, up until the 1970s, Irish laws mandated that pubs be closed on March 17. Beginning in 1995, however, the Irish government began a national campaign to use St. Patrick's Day as an opportunity to drive tourism and showcase Ireland to the rest of the world. Last year, close to one million people took part in Ireland 's St.Patrick's Festival in Dublin, a multi-day celebration featuring parades, concerts, outdoor theater productions and fireworks shows.
Group 1, Class 1
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韩俊越。

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