心理学专业英语讲稿1-什么是心理学what is psychology
心理学专业英语词汇
心理学专业英语词汇这是一篇关于心理学专业英语词汇的文章，主要介绍了一些常用的心理学术语的英文表达和中文解释，以及一些相关的例句和知识点。
文章使用了表格的形式，便于读者查阅和记忆。
文章分为以下几个部分：1. 心理学基本概念1.1 心理学的定义和分支英文中文例句psychology 心理学Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 心理学是行为与心理过程的科学研究。
psychologist 心理学家Psychologists use scientific methods to observe, describe, predict, and explain human behavior and mental processes. 心理学家运用科学方法来观察、描述、预测和解释人类的行为和心理过程。
cognitive psychology 认知心理学Cognitive psychology is the branch of psychology that studies mentalprocesses such as perception, memory, thinking, reasoning, andproblem-solving. 认知心理学是心理学的一个分支，研究感知、记忆、思维、推理和问题解决等心理过程。
developmental psychology 发展心理学Developmental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how people change over the lifespan, from conception to death. 发展心理学是心理学的一个分支，研究人们从受精到死亡的整个生命历程中的变化。
social psychology 社会心理学Social psychology is the branch of psychology that studies how people interact with others, how they influence and are influenced by theirsocial environment, and how they form attitudes and behaviors. 社会心理学是心理学的一个分支，研究人们如何与他人互动，如何受到并影响他们的社会环境，以及如何形成态度和行为。
(完整版)心理学专业英语
(完整版)心理学专业英语心理学专业英语简介心理学专业英语文档旨在帮助研究心理学的学生提高他们在英语上的表达能力。
本文档将涵盖心理学领域的相关词汇、理论和实践。
让我们开始吧！基本词汇以下是心理学领域中常用的基本词汇：- Psychology：心理学- Behavior：行为- Perception：知觉- Cognition：认知- Emotion：情感- Memory：记忆- Intelligence：智力- Personality：个性- Development：发展- Motivation：动机理论心理学涵盖了许多理论，以下是其中一些常见的心理学理论：1. 行为主义理论：行为主义认为行为是在环境刺激的影响下形成的，强调外部刺激对行为的影响。
2. 心理动力学理论：心理动力学理论关注潜意识和个人经验对行为的影响，强调个体内在的冲突和动机。
3. 认知心理学理论：认知心理学关注个体的思维过程和信息处理，强调思维、语言和决策对行为的影响。
4. 社会文化心理学理论：社会文化心理学关注社会和文化对行为的影响，强调个体和环境的互动。
实践心理学的实践包括以下几个方面：1. 临床心理学：临床心理学关注诊断和治疗心理问题，包括心理疾病和心理障碍。
2. 教育心理学：教育心理学关注研究和教育过程中的心理因素，帮助提高学生的研究成果和心理健康。
3. 社会心理学：社会心理学关注个体在社会环境中的行为和互动，研究社会认知、群体行为和人际关系。
4. 工业组织心理学：工业组织心理学关注组织中的心理因素，帮助提高工作效率和员工满意度。
希望这份文档能帮助您更好地理解心理学专业英语。
如有任何问题，请随时联系我们。
祝您学业进步！。
心理学专业英语总结完整
心理学专业英语总结——HXY随意传阅·顺颂试安注释：1.“*”在书上是黑体字，但感觉不重要背了也没什么卵用2.“”背景色项表示答案恰好有三项，可能出选择3. 人名已加黑，可能连线或选择4. 每章节的末尾有方便记忆的单词表（只包括这篇总结中出现的关键单词）5. 方便理解记忆，已在各项下方注明中文释义6.“,”大部分都是作为点之间的分割，类似于逗号，前后不连成句子Chapter 1——Perspectives in psychology 心理学纵览Section 1: Approaches to psychology 心理学入门What is psychology? 心理学是什么Definitions: The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.定义：对行为和心理过程的科学研究Psychology come from: ① philosophy, ② biology ③ physics.心理学来源于：哲学、生物学和医学When: 1879 as a separate scientific discipline.形成于：1879年，作为独立学科History (develop): structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviourism, cognitive psychology, humanistic approach, biological approach.历史发展：结构主义，机能主义，精神分析，行为主义，认知，人本主义，生理。
The psychoanalytic approach to psychology 精神分析理论Origins & history: Sigmund Freud, unconscious mental causes, treat as the causes of mental disorders, built up an theory.历史来源：弗洛伊德提出潜意识心理动机，把它视为心理疾病的原因，并建立理论。
心理学专业英语专家讲座
▪ 2.Positivism - which argued that the methods and
principles of science should be applied to human behavior.
the mind".
▪ 所以, 从字面上来讲, 心理意思就是对于心灵（意
识）研究。
therefore:所以 literally :依据字面意思
心理学专业英语专家讲座
第12页 12
Definitions
▪ However, a more recent definition by Atkinson et
心理学专业英语专家讲座
第24页 24
BIOLOGY
▪ 2. 生理学领域, 尤其是医疗行业, 对脑, 神经, 内分泌系
统结构和功效发觉, 对于了解行为有重大贡献。
physiology:生理学 medical profession:医疗职业 endocrine system:内分泌系统 significantly:重大地, 客观地
▪
▪
物理学中科学方法和标准成功地被心理学家借
鉴, 也所以使得物理学成为他们理想研究模式。
▪
心理学专业英语专家讲座
第26页
PHYSICS
▪ Physicist, such as Fechner started applying their
subject to human behavior and experience (psychophysics) in the nineteenth century, with some success.
心理学专业英语基础
endocrine system:内分泌系统
significantly:重大地，客观地
生理学领域尤其是医疗行业，对脑，神经，内分泌系统的结 构和功能的发现，对于理解行为有重大的贡献。
PHYSICS
A subject that because of its great success has been adopted as the ideal model by scientist in psychology, who have borrowed its scientific methods and principles.
PHYSICS
Physics:物理学
心理学的来源？ 心理学是从三个主要的研究领域发展而来的：哲学、生物学、 物理学。
PHILOSOPHY
Many of the problems which psychology has investigated were first most clearly outlined by Greek philosophers such as Socrates,Plato, and Aristotle in the 5th century BC.Two more rencent philosophical influences on the development of psychology as a science were: 1 Empiricism - which argued that humans should only measure data that is objectively observable, such as behaviour. 2 Positivism - which argued that the methods and principles of science should be applied to human behaviour.
心理学专业英语基础
心理学是什么？定义“psychology”源于两个希腊词根：“Psyche”和“Logos”. “Psyche”的意思是“思想”和“灵魂”，“Logos”则是研究、学习的意思。
因此心理学顾名思义为“有关精神的研究”。
然而，阿特金森等人（1991）提出的一个比较新的定义则认为心理学是：“行为和心理过程的科学研究”仅仅下这样一个简单的定义是有一点误导的，因为自始至终，心理学家不仅对心理学的定义没有达成一致，而且对于这一学科应该研究什么和如何进行研究都存在着很大分歧。
心理学史心理学的源头？哲学心理学家已经研究过的许多问题早在公元前5世纪就被希腊哲学家苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德清晰地概述出来。
新近的对心理学发展成为一门科学产生影响的两种哲学思潮是：1经验主义---该学派认为人们只应该研究一些客观的、可观察的测量数据，例如：行为。
2实证主义---该学派认为应该把科学的方法和原理应用于对人类行为的研究。
生物学生物学对心理学有两个重要影响。
1进化论—达尔文提出人类是从其他物种进化而来的。
紧随他的进化论之后产生的在基因方面的发现，对于研究和理解行为有很多重要的影响。
2 生理学—大部分随着医学进展而获得的关于大脑的、神经的以及内分泌系统的结构和功能的成果，对行为的理解起了关键作用。
物理学●这门学科因为它巨大的成就曾被心理学家们当作理想的模型。
他们曾借鉴物理学的科学方法和原则来研究心理。
●物理学家们，像费希纳，在19世纪，费希纳开始把他们的一些学科内容应用于对人类行为的研究和实验之中（即心理物理学），并获得了一些成功。
心理学肇始？1879年通常被说成是心理学作为一门独立的科学学科的开始。
因为在1879年冯特在莱比锡建立了第一个心理学实验室。
虽然冯特因此被称为“心理学之父”，但是美国人倾向于让詹姆士获得此殊荣。
詹姆士在1890年出版的《心理学原理》（花12年心血完成）是心理学文史上的一个重要的里程碑。
而且1875年他就开始在哈佛大学教授生理学与心理学之间关系的课程。
Introduction to Psychology心理学讲稿
演讲文本Introduction to Psychology: Lecture 1 Transcript January 17, 2007 Overview:Professor Paul Bloom welcomes students and presents the course as a comprehensive introduction to the study of the human mind. Course readings and requirements are discussed. The five main branches of psychology are presented: neuroscience, which is a study of the mind by looking at the brain; developmental, which focuses on how people grow and learn; cognitive, which refers to the computational approach to studying the mind; social, which studies how people interact; and clinical, which examines mental health and mental illnesses.Paul教授欢迎学生们并且准备这个对大脑学习综合性的知道课程作为一份礼物.课程读物和必需品是需要讨论的.呈现出来的有五个心理学的主要分支学科:神经系统科学--这个是在研究我们大脑的学习;实验心理学--这是一个集中研究人们是怎样成长和学习上的学科;认知心理学--这是一个引用计算的方法来接近大脑的研究的学科;社会心理学--研究人们是怎样互相影响的学科;临床心理学--是检验心理健康和心理疾病的一门科学.Professor Paul Bloom: I'd like to welcome people to this course, Introduction to Psychology. My name is Dr. Paul Bloom. I'm professor of this course. And what this is going to be is a comprehensive introduction to the study of the human mind. So, we are going to cover a very, very wide range of topics including brains, children, language, sex, memory, madness, disgust, racism and love, and many others. We're going to talk about things like the proper explanation for differences between men and women; the question of whether animals can learn language; the puzzle of what grosses us out; the problem of why some of us eat too much and what we could do to stop; the question of why people go crazy in groups; research into whether you could trust your childhood memories; research into why some of us get depressed and others don't.我特别欢迎大家来听这堂课,心理学的介绍.我的名字是Dr. Paul Bloom.我是这个课程的教授.并且这是对人类心灵的研究.所以,我们覆盖的面积很广,包括大脑的课题的范围也是很广的,孩子,语言,两性,记忆,疯狂的,讨厌的,种族的差别主义,和爱,还有许多其他的.我们将要进行谈论一些类似的像适当的在男人和女人之间解释的事情;这个问题就是是否动物能学会语言;我们的总产量之谜;一个为什么人们中的一些人能吃很多东西并且能够停止下来的问题;为什么人们在群体中更疯狂的问题;调查是否你会相信你的童年记忆;调查为什么我们中的一些人会沮丧而其他人不会.The style of this is there'll be two lectures a week, as well as course readings. Now, to do well in the course, you have to attend both the lectures and do the readings. There will be some overlap. In some cases, the lectures will be quite linked to the readings. But there will be some parts of the readings that will not find their way into the lectures, and some lectures--some entire lectures that will not connect at all to the readings. So, to pursue this course properly you have to do both. What this means is that if you miss a class you need to get notes, and so you should get them from a friend or from the person sitting next to you. The slides are going to be made available online. So, one of the things you don't have to do is you don't have to write this down. You take notes any way you choose, but if you don't get anything on there it'll be available online. I'm going to postit in a format which will be black and white and easy to print out so you don't have to worry about this. But again, attending to the slides is not a substitute for attending class.心理学的风格是每个礼拜将会有两个讲座，和课程的读物是一样的。
心理学专业英语总结材料(完整)
心理学专业英语总结——HXY随意传阅·顺颂试安注释：1.“*”在书上是黑体字，但感觉不重要背了也没什么卵用2.“”背景色项表示答案恰好有三项，可能出选择3. 人名已加黑，可能连线或选择4. 每章节的末尾有方便记忆的单词表（只包括这篇总结中出现的关键单词）5. 方便理解记忆，已在各项下方注明中文释义6.“,”大部分都是作为点之间的分割，类似于逗号，前后不连成句子Chapter 1——Perspectives in psychology 心理学纵览Section 1: Approaches to psychology 心理学入门●What is psychology? 心理学是什么Definitions: The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes.定义：对行为和心理过程的科学研究Psychology come from: ① philosophy, ② biology ③ physics.心理学来源于：哲学、生物学和医学When: 1879 as a separate scientific discipline.形成于：1879年，作为独立学科History (develop): structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviourism, cognitive psychology, humanistic approach, biological approach.历史发展：结构主义，机能主义，精神分析，行为主义，认知，人本主义，生理。
●The psychoanalytic approach to psychology 精神分析理论Origins & history: Sigmund Freud, unconscious mental causes, treat as the causes of mental disorders, built up an theory.历史来源：弗洛伊德提出潜意识心理动机，把它视为心理疾病的原因，并建立理论。
心理学英语
心理学专业简介英语范文
心理学专业简介英语范文Psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. It is a complex and diverse field, encompassing many different areas of study such as clinical psychology, social psychology, cognitive psychology, and developmental psychology, among others.One of the primary goals of psychology is to understand, explain, and predict human behavior. This means that psychologists are interested in understanding why people act the way they do, and how their behavior can be influenced by various factors such as the environment, genetics, and social interactions.In addition to understanding behavior, psychologists also work to improve the lives of individuals and groups by providing counseling and therapy, conducting research todevelop new interventions and treatments, and advocating for policies that promote mental health and well-being.The field of psychology has a long and rich history,dating back to the ancient Greeks who were some of the firstto ponder the nature of the mind. Since then, the field has evolved and grown tremendously, with many significant contributions from individuals such as Sigmund Freud, B.F. Skinner, and Jean Piaget, among countless others.In modern times, psychology has become an increasingly popular and relevant field of study, with a growing demandfor psychologists in a wide range of settings such as schools, hospitals, businesses, and government agencies.Many students are drawn to psychology because of their interest in understanding human behavior and helping others. Others are attracted to the field because of the many career opportunities it offers, including clinical work, research, teaching, and consulting.Studying psychology can also be personally rewarding, asit can help individuals develop a better understanding of themselves and others, as well as acquire valuable skillssuch as critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication.Psychology is a challenging and dynamic field that continues to evolve as new research and discoveries are made. It offers a wide range of opportunities for those who are passionate about understanding the human mind and behavior, and are dedicated to making a positive impact on the lives of others.。
心理学专业英语总结(完整)
心理学专业英语总结——HXY随意传阅·顺颂试安注释:1、“*”在书上就是黑体字,但感觉不重要背了也没什么卵用2、“”背景色项表示答案恰好有三项,可能出选择3、人名已加黑,可能连线或选择4、每章节得末尾有方便记忆得单词表(只包括这篇总结中出现得关键单词)5、方便理解记忆,已在各项下方注明中文释义6、“,”大部分都就是作为点之间得分割,类似于逗号,前后不连成句子Chapter 1——Perspectives in psychology 心理学纵览Section 1: Approaches to psychology 心理学入门●What is psychology? 心理学就是什么Definitions: The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes、定义:对行为与心理过程得科学研究Psychology e from: ①philosophy, ②biology ③physics、心理学来源于:哲学、生物学与医学When: 1879 as a separate scientific discipline、形成于:1879年,作为独立学科History (develop): structuralism, functionalism, psychoanalysis, behaviourism, cognitive psychology, humanistic approach, biological approach、历史发展:结构主义,机能主义,精神分析,行为主义,认知,人本主义,生理。
●The psychoanalytic approach to psychology 精神分析理论Origins & history: Sigmund Freud, unconscious mental causes, treat as the causes of mental disorders, built up an theory、历史来源:弗洛伊德提出潜意识心理动机,把它视为心理疾病得原因,并建立理论。
介绍心理学专业英语作文
介绍心理学专业英语作文（中英文实用版）Title: Introduction to PsychologyPsychology is the scientific study of the mind and behavior, encompassing all aspects of human experience from the biological to the social.As a discipline, it aims to understand individuals and groups by examining thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and interactions.Psychology has numerous subfields, each with its own focus and techniques, including clinical psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, and cognitive psychology, to name a few.The study of psychology requires a strong foundation in research methods and statistics, as empirical evidence is essential for advancing psychological theories.Psychologists conduct research to test hypotheses, explore patterns, and develop theories that can be used to explain and predict behavior.This research can be conducted through various methods, including experiments, surveys, case studies, and observations.In addition to research, psychology also involves the application of knowledge to real-world issues.Psychologists work in a variety of settings, such as hospitals, schools, universities, and private practice, where they diagnose and treat psychological disorders, counsel individuals and groups, and promote mental health and well-being.The language of psychology is English, and professionals in the fieldmust be proficient in reading, writing, and speaking the language to stay current with research and professional literature.Psychology students and professionals often engage in academic writing, presenting research findings at conferences, and publishing articles in peer-reviewed journals.In conclusion, psychology is a diverse and dynamic field that combines scientific research with practical application to understand human behavior and promote mental health.Proficiency in English is essential for success in psychology, as it allows professionals to engage with the latest research and contribute to the field.。
应用心理学专业英语大纲
应用心理学专业英语课程教学大纲一、课程基本概述课程名称：应用心理学专业英语课程名称（英文）：Applied Psychology课程编号：BL19243课程总学时：36课程学分：2课程分类：专业课（必修）开设学期：5适用专业：应用心理学先修课程:普通心理学，社会心理学，发展心理学等。
二、课程性质、目的和任务应用心理学专业英语是高等院校应用心理学专业本科生所选修的一门专业双语课程。
通过该课程的学习使学生不仅能够掌握本专业英语术语的表达方法，而且能学习权威专家最新的研究成果，从而提高专业英语水平的听、说、读、写的能力。
三、课程主要内容、重点及深度Chapter 1 What is psychology（一）教学内容Section 1 Definitions：●The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.Section 2 History：●It comes from Philosophy&Biology&PhysicsSection 3 Start time：●It is 1879 when Wilhelm Wundt created the first psychology laboratory in LeipzigSection 4 Develop：●Structuralism(建构主义)●Functionalism（机能主义）●Psychoanalysis（精神分析）●Behaviourism（行为主义）●Cognitive psychology（认知主义）●Humanistic approach（人本主义）●Biological approach（生物学观点）（二）教学重点心理学定义，心理学发展历史。
（三）教学难点心理学发展过程中的各学派代表观点、理论等。
（四）教学基本要求掌握心理学发展简史及基本理论的英语表述。
《心理学专业英语》课件
学习心理学中常用的治疗方法和技术，培养解 决心理问题的能力。
心理卫生英语
心理咨询英语
学习进行心理咨询和辅导时的 专业英语交流技巧和方法。
心理健康教育英语
探讨在心理健康教育领域中常 用的英语表达和传递方法。
精神障碍英语
掌握描述和理解精神障碍的英 语词汇和表达方式。
实践案例分析和解决方案英语
1 案例分析英语
学习分析实际案例时使用的英语表达和论证方法。
2 解决方案英语
探讨提出解决方案时的英语表达和有效沟通技巧。
总结
1 课程回顾
重温课程内容，巩固所学的心理程的学习体验和心得，以及面对心理学英语学习的建议。
3 后续学习建议
提供进一步学习心理学专业英语的建议和资源。
《心理学专业英语》PPT 课件
欢迎来到《心理学专业英语》课程！本课程旨在帮助学生掌握心理学领域的 专业英语，为将来的研究和实践奠定基础。让我们一起开始吧！
导论
• 课程简介 • 学习目标
心理学的基础英语
心理学基本概念
学习心理学领域的基本概念， 包括认知、行为、情绪等重要 术语。
心理学常用英语词汇
掌握心理学中常用的英语词汇， 以便能够准确表达和理解相关 概念。
心理学研究方法英语 词汇
学习心理学研究中常用的英语 词汇，如实验、调查、观察等， 以便进行科研工作。
心理学分支研究英语
发展心理学
研究人类在不同生命阶段发展和成长的心理变 化，例如婴儿、儿童和青少年。
人格心理学
研究个体的个性特点、性格构成和心理特征， 探索人类行为和思维的个体差异。
社会心理学
研究人类在社会互动中的行为、态度和情绪， 以及社会群体对个体的影响。
心理学专业英语讲稿1-什么是心理学whatispsychology
心理学专业英语讲稿1-什么是心理学whatispsychology第一篇：心理学专业英语讲稿1-什么是心理学what is psychology English for Psychology（心理学专业英语）Perspectives in Psychology（心理学纵览）What is psychology ?什么是心理学？1.DEFINITIONS: 定义：The word “Psychology” is derived from two Greek roots: “Psyche”, meaning “mind” or “soul” and “Logos”, meaning “study of”.心理学这个单词是由psyche和logos这两个希腊词派生出来的，psyche的意思是心灵或精神，logos的意思是对……研究。
Psychology, therefore,literally means “study of the mind”.因此，从字面意思上来讲（顾名思义），心理学就是对于心灵/精神的研究。
However,a more recent definition by Atkinson et al(1991)suggests that psychology is:“The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes” 然而，阿特金森（1991）等人提出了一个较新的定义，“心理学是对于行为与心理过程的科学研究”。
（心理学是研究行为和心理过程的科学。
）Just giving this simple definition, however, is a bit misleading, since psychologists now and throughout their history have not only disagreed about the definition of psychology but have also strongly disagreed about what should be studied in the subject and how it should be studied.然而，仅仅给出这样一个简单的定义，会有一点误导，因为无论是在历史上还是现在，心理学家不仅对于心理学的定义没有达成一致，而且对于在这个学科中应该研究什么以及应该如何研究也存在巨大的分歧。
关于心理学的英语口语稿范文
关于心理学的英语口语稿范文英文回答：Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It seeks to understand how people think, feel, and act, and how their behavior is influenced bytheir environment and genetics. Psychology is a diverse field, encompassing a wide range of subfields, including clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, and personality psychology.Clinical psychology focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of mental illness and emotional disturbances. Cognitive psychology studies how people process information, learn, and remember. Developmental psychology examines the changes in behavior and cognition that occur throughout a person's lifetime. Social psychology explores how people interact with each other and how their behavior is influenced by social factors. Personality psychology investigates the unique characteristics and traits thatdefine an individual.Psychology is a relatively new field, with its roots in the 19th century. However, its origins can be traced back to ancient times, when philosophers and physicians began to speculate about the nature of the human mind. In the 1800s, the development of experimental methods and the rise of scientific thinking led to the emergence of psychology as a separate discipline.Today, psychology is a vital part of modern healthcare and plays an important role in our understanding of ourselves and our world. Psychologists work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, schools, and businesses. They provide therapy, conduct research, and teach about psychology.Psychology is a challenging but rewarding field that offers a unique opportunity to understand and help others. If you are interested in learning more about psychology, there are many resources available, including books, websites, and courses.中文回答：心理学是对行为和心理过程的科学研究。
心理学专业英语基础 1-2章
▪ 因此，从字面上来讲，心理的意思就是对于心灵（意
识）的研究。
therefore:因此 literally :根据字面意思
13
Definitions
▪ However, a more recent definition by Atkinson et
al (1991) suggests that psychology is: ‘The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes．’
23
BIOLOGY
▪ 1. 进化论——Darwin认为人类是从别的动物进化而来
的。基因理论（遗传学）是由其理论发展而来的，在 基因领域的发现，对于研究和理解行为有重大的影响。
Evolution:进化论 suggestion:建议，意见，观点 implication:含义，影响，（可引申为意义）
24
15
Definitions
▪ 然而，仅仅给出这样一个简单的定义，会有一点误导，
因为无论是在历史上还是现在，心理学家不仅对于心 理学的定义没有达成一致，而且对于在这个学科中应 该研究什么以及应该如何研究也存在巨大的分歧。
misleading:误导的，令人误解的，引入歧途 subject:主题，科目
16
Where did psychology come from?
WHERE DID PSYCHOLOGY COME FROM? Psychology developed from three main areas of study:
PHILOSOPHY BIOLOGY PHYSICS
Philosophy:哲学
have evolved from other animals. The discoveries in genetics that followed from his evolutionary theroy have had many important implications for the study and understanding of bahaviour.
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English for Psychology（心理学专业英语）Perspectives in Psychology（心理学纵览）What is psychology ?什么是心理学？1.DEFINITIONS:定义：The word "Psychology" is derived from two Greek roots: "Psyche", meaning "mind" or "soul" and "Logos", meaning "study of".心理学这个单词是由psyche和logos这两个希腊词派生出来的，psyche的意思是心灵或精神，logos的意思是对……研究。
Psychology, therefore,literally means "study of the mind".因此，从字面意思上来讲（顾名思义），心理学就是对于心灵/精神的研究。
However,a more recent definition by Atkinson et al(1991) suggests that psychology is:"The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes" 然而，阿特金森（1991）等人提出了一个较新的定义，“心理学是对于行为与心理过程的科学研究”。
（心理学是研究行为和心理过程的科学。
）Just giving this simple definition, however, is a bit misleading, since psychologists now and throughout their history have not only disagreed about the definition of psychology but have also strongly disagreed about what should be studied in the subject and how it should be studied. 然而，仅仅给出这样一个简单的定义，会有一点误导，因为无论是在历史上还是现在，心理学家不仅对于心理学的定义没有达成一致，而且对于在这个学科中应该研究什么以及应该如何研究也存在巨大的分歧。
2. THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY心理学的历史Where did psychology come from?心理学的源头？Psychology developed from three main areas of study:PHILOSOPHY、BIOLOGY、PHYSICS心理学是从三个主要的研究领域发展而来的：哲学、生物学、物理学。
1.PHILOSOPHY哲学Many of the problems which psychology has investigated were first most clearly outlined by Greek philosophers such as Socrates,Plato, and Aristotle in the 5th century BC.心理学研究的很多问题，是由希腊哲学家最先清晰提出（概要）的。
比如说公元前5世纪的苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里斯多德等。
Two more recent philosophical influences on the development of psychology as a science were:当今对于心理学作为科学的发展，对于它的两个哲学性影响是：1 Empiricism - which argued that humans should only measure data that is objectively observable, such as behaviour.1）经验主义——认为人们只能去测量可以客观观测的数据，比如说行为。
2 Positivism - which argued that the methods and principles of science should be applied to human behaviour.2）实证主义——认为科学的方法和原理应该被应用于人类行为的研究中。
2.BIOLOGY生物学Biology has two important influences:生物学有两个重要的影响：1）Evolution - Darwin's suggestion that humans have evolved from other animals. The discoveries in genetics that followed from his evolutionary theroy have had many important implications for the study and understanding of behaviour.1.进化论——达尔文认为人类是从别的动物进化而来的。
遗传学是由其进化理论发展而来的，遗传学的发现，对于研究和理解行为有重大的影响。
2Physiology - the discoveries, mostly by the medical profession, of the structure and function of the brain, nervous, and endocrine system have significantly contributed to the understanding of behaviour.2）生理学——尤其是医疗行业，对脑，神经，内分泌系统的结构和功能的发现，对于理解行为有重大的贡献。
3.PHYSICS物理学A subject that because of its great success has been adopted as the ideal model by scientist in psychology, who have borrowed its scientific methodsand principles.由于这一学科的巨大成功，在心理学领域的许多科学家借鉴其科学方法和原则，将其作为理想模型。
Physicist, such as Fechner started applying their subject to huaman behaviour and experience(psychophysics) in the nineteenth century, with some success.物理学家，比如说费希纳在19世纪开创了针对人类的行为与经验的学科——心理物理学，并取得了一些成功。
WHEN DID PSYCHOLOGY STARTED?心理学的伊始？The date 1879 is usually said to be the start of psychology as a separate scientific discipline, since it was when Wilhelm Wundt created the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig.1879年通常被认为是心理学作为一个独立的科学学科的开始时间，因为这时威廉·冯特在莱比锡创建了第一个心理学实验室。
Wundt is, therefore, regarded as the “founding father” of psychology, although Americans tend to suggest that William James should have this honor since his 1890 book (which took 12 years to write) entitled Principle of Psychology was a major landmark in psychology’s literature and he began teaching a course on the relationship between physiology and psychology at Harvard University in 1875.因此，冯特被认为是心理学之父，但美国人倾向于认为应该是威廉·詹姆斯拥有这个荣誉。
因为他在1890年出版了，用12年写成的《心理学原理》，这本书在心理学著作史上是一个重大的标志性事件。
此外，詹姆斯在1875年就开始在哈佛大学教授一门关于生理学与心理学的关系的课程。
HOW DID PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOP?心理学是如何发展的？●Structuralism●Functionalism●Psychoanalysis●Behaviorism●Cognitive psychology●Humanistic approach●Biological approach●结构主义●功能主义（机能主义）●精神分析●行为主义●认知心理学●人本主义●生物学研究方法（生理心理学）1.Structuralism结构主义Structuralism-was the first approach to investigating psychology,pioneered by Wundt himself, who thought that the object of psychological investigation should be the conscious mind, and that it should be studied by introspection (looking inwards at one’s own mental experience) in order to break it down into its component parts (such as images, sensations and feelings) like the science of chemistry had done with chemicals.结构主义是第一个研究心理学的方法，是由冯特本人提出来的，他认为心理学的研究对象应该是意识，而且应该是用内省（向内探查自己的体验）的方法去研究，目的是将其分解为各个部分（比如说，表象，感觉，情感），就像化学家研究化学一样。