英语句子成分及英语句子结构讲解.doc
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1. 主语(Subject):句子中进行动作或者是被动接受动作的人或物。
例句:Tom is reading a book.(主语是Tom)2. 谓语(Predicate):句子中所陈述的动作或状态。
例句:I am studying English. (谓语是am studying)3. 宾语(Object):句子中被动作的对象或者是动作的影响者。
例句:She bought a new car.(宾语是a new car)4. 定语(Adjective):修饰名词或代词的词或词组。
例句:I saw a black cat.(定语是black)5. 状语(Adverb):修饰动词、形容词、副词,可以表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例句:She sings beautifully.(状语是beautifully)例句:I am a student.(补语是a student)英语句子结构可以按照不同的组合方式分类:1. 简单句(Simple Sentence):包含一个主语和一个谓语。
例句:She sings.(主语+谓语)例句:I like swimming, but he prefers hiking.(独立子句+连接词+独立子句)3. 并列句(Coordinative Sentence):用连词连接两个或更多的相同层次的分句。
例句:I am tired, so I'm going to bed.(分句+连词+分句)例句:She invited me to a party, which made me happy.(主句+从句)总结起来,英语句子成分和结构的掌握对于理解和构建句子都是非常重要的。
通过对各个成分的认识和使用,可以更准确地表达自己的意思。
而了解不同的句子结构,可以帮助我们构建丰富多样的句子,提高语言表达的能力。
英语句子成分及英语句子结构讲解及总结练习
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习句子从结构上分:1.简单句2.并列句〔并列复合句〕3.复合句〔主从复合句〕1〕名词性从句:〔1〕主从(2)宾从 (3)表从 (4)同从2〕形容词性从句定从〔限定性的定语从句和非限定性的定语从句〕副词性从句〔状从〕简单句的五种根本句型五种句子的根本结构,主谓主谓宾主系表主谓双宾语〔间宾直宾〕主谓复合宾语〔宾+宾补〕主语〔subject〕:是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
Thesunrisesintheeast. 〔名词〕Helikesdancing. 〔代词〕Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving. 〔动名词〕Toseeistobelieve. 〔不定式〕Whatheneedsisabook.〔主语从句〕Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.〔It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语〕谓语〔predicate〕:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
WestudyEnglish. Helikesplayingthegames.表语〔predicative〕:系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisate acher.〔名词〕Fiveandfiveisten.〔数词〕Heisasl eep.〔形容词〕Hisfath erisin.〔副词〕Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.〔形容词化的分词〕Towearafloweristos ay “I’mpoor,Ican〔不’定式tbuy〕aring.Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome .〔表语从句〕〔常见的系动词feel(摸起来,sound〔听起有:be来〕,look〔看起来〕,taste〔尝、吃起来〕,smell 〔闻起来〕keep,stay,remain〔保持,仍是〕get,become,turnfeel〔感觉〕...Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundsswee t.Tomlooksth in.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen .NowIfeeltired.第1页共14页宾语:1〕动作的承受者-----动宾IlikeChina. 〔名词〕Hehatesyou.〔代词〕Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.〔数词〕Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou. 〔动名词〕Ihopetoseeyouagain.〔不定式〕Didyouwritedownwhathesaid? 〔宾语从句〕2〕介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake? Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3〕双宾语-----间宾〔指人〕和直宾〔指物〕Hegavemeabookyesterday. Givethepoormansomemoney.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
英语句子成分和句子结构分析
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英语句子成分和句子结构分析Company Document number:WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT英语句子成分和句子结构分析语法讲解1认识语法一、英语语法分为两大部分词法(微观遣词);句法(宏观造句)01词法(微观遣词)1.实词:有实际意义的词。
名词n.:表事物名称动词vi./vt.:行为,动态。
vi.不及物动词,本身可以表达完整意义,后面不需要带宾语vt.及物动词,本身无法表达完整意义,后面必须带宾语形容词adj.:修饰n.副词adv.:修饰v./adj.或者句子中其他adv或者整个句子代词Pron.:代替n.数词num.:表数量(基数词),表顺序(序数词)2.虚词:没有实际意义的词。
介词prep.:说明词与词之间的关系连词conj.:说明句子与句子之间的关系冠词art.:在n.前,限定n.感叹词int.:表达感叹02句法(宏观造句)1.句子的成分2.句子结构3.句子的变化4.句子的功能5.句子的类型:简单句,并列句,复合句6.复合句:名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句二、语法四大原则1.词性决定词用2.同类同用同种类型的词,用法相同,越细分,越一致3.动词即句魂句子里最重要的是谓语,谓语部分最重要的就是动词4.举一反三由表及里,发掘句子结构,归属;认识句子本质,由点及面,放大到句群。
语法精讲2句子的成分主体:主语,谓语,宾语,表语次体:定语,状语,补语,同位语主语:一个句子的主体,是全句述说的对象。
常由名词,代词或相当于名词或代词的词担任,一般放在句首。
The sun(名词n.) rises in the east.W e(代词pron.) are friendsT wenty years(数词num.) is a short time in history.S eeing(动名词) is believingT o be a teacher(不定式)is my dreamW hat he needs(句子)is a book 主语从句I t(形式主语)is time to go home(真正的主语)形式主语是为保持句子平衡谓语:表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或动词词组担任,放在主语的后面W e study(实意动词)English!I can(情态动词)do it!I don’t(助动词)know!H e is(系动词)asleep.宾语:表示谓语行为的对象,常由名词,代词或相当于名词的词担任,一般放在及物动词或者介词之后。
英语句子成分及五大基本句型精讲
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英语五种基本结构和句子成分含义一、五种基本句型1.“主语+ 谓语”(即“主谓”句型)这一句型英汉语言结构形式完全相同,说明“某人或某物如何动作”,或者说“某人或某物自身怎样运动”。
例:He often runs before breakfast.分析:”He”(主语) runs(谓语)此句型结构中的谓语动词一般为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。
2.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语”(即“主谓宾”句型)这一句型英汉语言的结构形式完全相同,用以说明“某人或某物做什么事情”,或者说“某人或某物发出了动作,并且其动作涉及到另一个人或物”。
例:I study English.分析:“I”(主语)“study”(谓语动作)“English”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)。
此句型中的谓语动词一般为及物动词或及物动词短语。
例:He can take care of himself.3.“主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语”(即“主谓双宾”句型)这一句型英汉语序结构相同,说明“某人为谁(间接宾语为人)做某事”,或者说“某人或物的运动涉及到两个对象,其中一个间接对象为人,另一个为物”。
例:Our teacher taught us English.分析:“our teacher”(主语)“taught”(谓语动作)“us”(间接宾语)“English”(直接宾语)。
4.“主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语”(即“主谓宾宾补”句型)这一句型说明“某人或某物要求(使、让)某人做什么”或“某人感觉某人或物怎么样”。
例:Our teacher asks us to write a short story..分析:“our teacher”(主语)“asks”(谓语动作)“us”(宾语即动作涉及的对象)“to write a short story”(补语--补充说明宾语做什么)。
5.“主语+ 系动词+ 表语”(即“主系表”句型)这一句型用以说明“某人(某物、某事、某种概念)具有什么特征或处于什么状态”。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解英语句子是我们学习英语时需要重点掌握的一部分。
了解句子的基本成分和结构对我们正确理解和使用英语句子非常重要。
在本文中,我将详细介绍英语句子中的成分和结构。
一、英语句子的基本成分英语句子由不同的成分组成,每个成分在句子中扮演不同的角色。
以下是英语句子中常见的成分:1. 主语(Subject):主语是句子中动作的执行者或者是与动作直接相关的事物或人。
一般来说,主语通常是一个名词、代词或者名词短语。
例如:"John is a student."(约翰是一名学生。
)中的"John"就是主语。
2. 谓语(Predicate):谓语是句子中主语所表达的动作、状态或者关系。
通常,谓语是一个动词或者动词短语。
例如:"She is reading a book."(她在读一本书。
)中的"is reading"就是谓语。
3. 宾语(Object):宾语是句子中动作的承受者或者是与动作直接相关的事物或人。
宾语通常是一个名词、代词或者名词短语。
例如:"He bought a car."(他买了一辆车。
)中的"a car"就是宾语。
4. 定语(Adjective):定语是修饰名词或代词的成分。
定语通常位于名词或代词之前,用来进一步描述或限定名词或代词的特征。
例如:"The red apple tastes sweet."(那个红苹果尝起来很甜。
)中的"red"就是定语。
5. 状语(Adverb):状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子或者其他语法单位的成分。
状语通常用来表达时间、地点、方式、原因、程度等信息。
例如:"They ran quickly to the park."(他们快速地跑到了公园。
)中的"quickly"就是状语。
英语句子成分分析英语句子结构讲解
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(六)宾语补足语
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语 补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句 子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有 :
make, ask, see, find, call, get, have, let, tell, keep
• I found the book interesting. • I make my students intertested in my class. • She asked me to lend her a hand. • We made him monitor in our class. • We found him in trouble now. • We found it necessary to study English.
主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
5. I found the book‹easy.›
主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补
Exercises:分析句子结构
1)You are a student. 2)He felt happy today. 3)What you said made me happy. 4)You could give me some advice on how to
learn English well? 5)We found a man lying on the ground. 6) It is my duty to look after these children. 7) You had better keep the window open.
8)He likes pop music. 9)The sound sounds strange. 10)The food tastes good. 11)He has been learning English for years. 12)We think it a pity that she didn’t come here.
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲义黑马英语工作室蔡老师1. 主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty year s is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)2. 谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English. He is asleep.3. 表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)The book is mine .(代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep.(形容词)His father is in. /here(副词)The picture is on the wall.( 介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.(不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strangeHer voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.4.宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾I like China.(名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two.(数词)We should help the old and the poor. The +形容词I enjoy working with you.(动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.5. 宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
(完整版)英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案
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考点7.The girls are singing over there are my classmates.
在那边唱歌的那些女孩是我的同学。
考点8.My parents wanted him work hard.
我父母亲想让他努力学习。
考点9.I remember saw him that day.
先找出句中的谓语,然后改正句中的错误,并说明原因。
考点1.Get up early is good for our health.
早起有利于我们的身体健康。
考点2.I want go home now.我现在想回家。
考点3.My favorite sport is play football.
我最喜爱的运动是踢足球。
Hehas hadbreakfast. (has是助动词,帮助构成现在完成时,(答疑qq 329950885)had是实义动词,意为“吃”。has had一起构成了句子的谓语。)
指出下列斜体单词是实义动词还是助动词。
i.Does( ) helike( ) swimming?
ii.Hedoes( )like( ) swimming.
考点8.Shebeganworking as a teacher after sheleftschool.()()
考点9.When did theyleaveBeijing?()
考点10.Theyleftlast week.()
3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词
实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。
conjconjunction连词
2.及物动词和不及物动词
实义动词后面跟宾语时,这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时,此时这个动词是不及物动词。
英语句子成分及结构讲解分析划分和练习和答案解析
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Helistensto the music every day.(listen为不及物动词,而汉语中“听”是及物动词。)
指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,及物动词填vt.,不及物填vi.。
考点1.Most birds canfly.( )
考点2.The children areflyingkiteainting all day. (have been用来帮助构成现在完成进行时,和painting一起作谓语,都是助动词。)
帮助构成否定句和疑问句的:
Doeshe like English (does帮助构成一般疑问句,没有具体意义,是助动词。)
Hedoesn’t have lunch at home. (does只是帮助构成否定句,没有具体意义,是助动词。)
实义动词
指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如:
Helivesquite near. (live“住”,有明确的意义,单独作谓语,为实义动词。)
Ilikereading. (like “喜欢”,意思明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。)
Iboughta pen yesterday. (bought “买”,意义明确,单独作谓语,为实义动词。)
帮助构成倒装句的
Sodidhe love his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.
(他如此爱他的母亲以至于他母亲生日那一天,他给她买了许多礼物。did只是帮助构成倒装句,没有具体意义,是助动词。)
帮助构成强调意义的
Hedidcome yesterday. (他昨天确实来过。did起强调作用,没有具体意义,是助动词。)
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解(谓语、表语)
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解-------谓语、表语一、谓语:谓语由动词充当,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
构成如下:A.简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成1.I saw the flag on the top of the hill?2.He looked after two orphans.B.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词组成1.He can speak English well.2.She doesn’t seem to like dancing.3.I have been reading the book all the time.找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。
):1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.5.My sister is crying over there.二、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
1.It sounds a good idea.2.The sound sounds strange.3.Her voice sounds sweet.4.Tom looks thin.5.The food smells delicious.6.The food tastes good.7.The door remains open.8.Now I feel tired.找出下列句中的表语并说明由什么充当。
1.Our teacher of English is an American.2.They are on the playground.3.My job is teaching English.4.It gets cold.5.It sounds interesting.6.The speech is exciting.7.three times seven is twenty-one.。
英语句子成分讲解
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解句子成分英语的句子成分有主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语1. 主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)ExWalls have ears.He will take you to the hospital.Three plus four equals seven.To see is to believe.Smoking is not allowed in public places.Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.2. 谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
谓语由动词的各种时态语态构成或情态动词加上实义动词原形构成英语时态语态构成主动语态被动语态一般现在时Do/does am/is/are am/is/are done一般过去时did was/ were was/were done一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done将来进行时will/shall be doing will/shall be being done现在完成时have/has done have/has been done过去完成时had done had been done将来完成时will/shall have done will/shall have been done现在完成进行时have been doing -------过去将来时would do would be doneWe study English.Action speaks louder than words.The chance may never come again.Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994ExI leave home for school at 7 every morning.The earth moves around the sun.Pride goes before a fall.﹝骄者必败。
英语句子成分和句子类型讲义
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构句子成分分析:(6种:主谓宾定状补)1、主语(Subject):动作的发出者,可由名词、代词、不定式(to do)、或动名词(V-ing)等来充当,通常置于句首。
The sun rises in the east.2、谓语(Predicate): 只有动词或动词短语才能充当,置于主语之后说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
We study English.3、宾语:动作的承受者1)动宾位于谓语动词(vt)之后I like China. (名词)I like listening to classical music.2)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.4、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Marry is an English teacher.(名词)Dalian is a beautiful city. (形容词)5、状语。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步等。
He goes to school by bike.6、补语宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
We will make them happy. (形容词)7、表语(Predicative)系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep.(形容词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)The cleaner's job is to clean the street.(不定式)(常见的系动词有be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste (尝、吃起来), feel(感觉)...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主+谓(vi不及物动词) She came./ My head aches.主+谓(vt及物动词)+宾语She likes English.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.She bought a book for me.主+系+表She is happy.主+谓(vt.)+宾+宾补She makes her mother angry.(There +be There lies a book on the desk. )句子的种类:陈述句/ 祈使句/ 感叹句/ 疑问句练习:分析下列句子成分1. Our school is far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5.He broke a piece of glass.6. Trees turn green when spring comes.7. They pushed the door open. 8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 9.He wrote some letters to his friends. 10. We need a place twice larger than this one.11. He asked us to sing an English song. 12. We will make our school more beautiful.13. She showed us many of her pictures.14. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany.15. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 16. Would you please pass me the cup?17 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 18. Do you know the latest news about him?19. I’ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻译练习:主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)你应当努力学习。
(完整版)英语句子成分及结构
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英语句子成分及句子结构英语句子基本构成成分:主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如I ,we, he, she, they ),数词、动词不定式,动名词等。
最常用的便是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式。
主语一般在句首。
(1)名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。
The students all love their English teacher. ‘这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。
(2)代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。
(3)动名词作主语Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。
It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。
(4)动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
It is necessary to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语是很必要的谓语:谓语由动词构成,谓语时态、语态的变化都体现在动词的变化上,一般在主语之后。
(1)及物动词作谓语We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
(2)不及物动词作谓语Yo u’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。
The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室,手里拿着书。
(3)连系动词作谓语He looks worried.他看起来很担心。
The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
(4) 复合谓语:①由情态动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.②由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解1.主语:句子中承受动作或说明句子中主要内容的成分,通常回答“谁?”的问题。
例如:- My sister (我的妹妹) is a teacher.2.谓语:句子中说明主语动作或状态的成分,通常由动词构成。
例如:- She (她) is reading (在读书) a book.3.宾语:句子中说明动作的承受者或受影响的事物的成分,通常回答“什么?”的问题。
例如:- He (他) likes (喜欢) apples (苹果).4.定语:句子中用来修饰名词或代词的成分,通常由形容词、限定词或被动分词构成。
例如:- The red (红色的) car (汽车) is mine.5.状语:句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分,通常回答“怎样?”“在哪里?”“为什么?”等问题。
例如:- She (她) sings (唱歌) beautifully (优美地).6.补语:句子中用来补充说明主语或宾语的成分,常常是形容词、名词、副词、介词短语等。
例如:- He (他) is a doctor (医生).英语句子结构指的是英语句子中各个成分之间的组织方式和顺序。
常见的英语句子结构有简单句、复合句和并列句等。
1.简单句:由一个主语和一个谓语组成,可以有宾语、定语、状语或补语等修饰。
例如:- My cat (我的猫) is sleeping (在睡觉).2.复合句:由一个主句和一个或多个从句组成,从句可以充当主语、宾语、定语或状语等。
例如:- I will go shopping (我将去购物) when I finish work (我完成工作).3.并列句:由两个或多个主句组成,它们之间通常用逗号、分号或连词连接。
例如:- I like coffee (我喜欢咖啡), but my friend prefers tea (但是我的朋友更喜欢茶).。
英语句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
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英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习一、句子成分(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(二)主语:主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
(三)谓语谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o’clock.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
(四)表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
常见的系动词有状态系动词可用来表示主语性质或状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。
(表示主语的身份--性质)He is ill. 他病了。
(表示主语的状态)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
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、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1. 主语(subject ):句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)找岀下列句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano. (名词)She went out in a hurry. (代词)Four plus four is eight. (数词)To see is to believe. (不定式)Smoking is bad for health. (动名词)The young should respect the old. (名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子)2.谓语(predicate ): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orpha ns.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well.She doesn ' t seem to like dancing.找岀下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。
):1. We love Chi na.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.3. 表语(predicative ):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征3 )双宾语 物.间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语 .直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动找岀下列句中的表语。
英语句子成分及结构解析
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look 看起来; smell 闻起来;sound 听起来; taste 尝起来; feel 感觉; keep 保持; grow/go/get/turn变得。
4 第四种句型:主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直 接宾语(S+V+InO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语 是及物动词的直接对象,但某些动词,除 直接宾 语外,还要求一个间接宾语,以表
give 给
tell 告诉 bring 带来 send 寄,送
hand 交给 read 读 pass 递给 lend 借给 return 把……还给…… throw 扔……给……
leave 留给 promise 许诺,答应 refuse 拒绝
②后面加for的动词:
get 得到 make 制造,做 buy 买 do 做
play 演奏 order 命令
sing 唱歌 pay 为……而付钱
简单句的五种基本句型口诀
英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词,后
接什么是关键;vt.又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见;还有宾
语补足语,各种搭配记心间。
5 第五种句型:主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补 语 (S+V(及物动词)+O+OC)
(1)有些及物动词,只接一个宾语不能表达完整的 意思,还需要再加一个宾语的补语加以说 明 ,使 意思完整。这样的宾语和宾语补足语又称为复合 宾语,可以由名词、形容词和不定式来担任。
(2)一些使役性动词如make, let, have和一些表示感 官的动词如see, watch, look at(notice, observe) hear, listen to, feel等,用不定式作宾语补语时, 要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时,还要 加上 “to”。
英语句子结构和成分详解
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英语句⼦结构和成分详解第⼀章句⼦成分和简单句基本句型⼀、句⼦成分构成篇章的基本单位是句⼦,组成句⼦的各个部分叫做句⼦成分。
句⼦成分都是由单词、短语或从句充其中,主语和谓语是句⼦的主体部分。
表语、宾语和补⾜语是谓语的组成部分。
其他成分如定语和状语是句⼦的修饰部分。
⼆、充当句⼦成分的各种形式主语:主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来担任。
1.名词All efforts will be in vain if we can‘t learn English by practicing repeatedly.如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语,所有的努⼒将付之东流。
2.数词Two thirds of them can play more than one musical instrument.他们中有2/3的⼈不只能演奏⼀种乐器。
3.代词Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案?4.不定式To see is to believe.眼见为实It‘s an honor to make a speech here. 在这⾥发⾔我很荣幸。
5.动名词In my opinion, cloning should be dealt with carefully. 我认为应该慎重对待克隆。
6.名词化的形容词或分词The old should be respected.⽼⼈因该受到尊重。
The disabled will receive more money. 残疾⼈会收到更多的钱。
7.名词性短语The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.⽼师和同学们要去参观博物馆。
8.主语从句What he said didn‘t agree with what he did. 他的⾔⾏不⼀。
主语从句常使⽤it 作形式主语。
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny‘s birthday party or not.It happened that he was out when I got there. 当我到那⼉时,碰巧他不在。
英语句子成分及结构解析
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(六).定语
定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词或一组词。 可用作定语的有:形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不 定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。 1.形容词用作定语是大量的。 2. 名词用作定语。如 3.代词作定语。 4.数词作定语 5. 副词充当定语时常后置,如: 6.不定式用作定语 7.动名词用作定语. 8.分词充当定语 9.介词短语用作定语。 10.从句用作定语,即定语从句
Thank
you !
( 三)、分解法
就是把一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子。 这样既能把意思表达得更明了,又能减少 写错句子的几率。
四)、合并法
就是把两个或两个以上的简单句用一个复合 句或较复杂的简单句表达出来。这种方法 最能体现学生的英语表达能力,同时也最 能提高文章的可读性。
(五)、删减法
就是在写英语句子时,把相应汉语句子里 的某些词、短语或重复的成分删掉或省略。
②后面加for的动词: get 得到 make 制造,做 buy 买 do 做 play 演奏 order 命令 sing 唱歌 pay 为……而付钱 简单句的五种基本句型口诀 英语句子万万千,五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词,后 接什么是关键;vt.又可分三类,单宾双宾最常见;还有宾 语补足语,各种搭配记心间。
要求双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词,直接宾语 提前,动词后加to或for,现归纳如下
①后面加to的动词: give 给 tell 告诉 bring 带来 send 寄,送 hand 交给 read 读 pass 递给 lend 借给 return 把……还给…… throw 扔……给…… leave 留给 promise 许诺,答应 refuse 拒绝
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
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一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1.主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词)Twenty years is a short time in history。
(数词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)To see is to believe。
(不定式) What he needs is a book。
(主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)找出下列句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词)Four plus four is eight。
(数词) To see is to believe。
(不定式)Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old。
(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子)2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans。
复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词;He can speak English well。
She doesn’t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。
):1。
We love China。
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一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解:(一)句子成分1.主语( subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。
The sun rises in the east(.名词)He likes dancing.(代词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词 )Seeing is believing.(动名词)To see is to believe.(不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It 形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)找出下列句中的主语:Jane is good at playing the piano(.名词)词)Four plus four is eight.(数词)定式)Smoking is bad for health(.动名词)(名词化的形容词)She went out in a hurry(.代To see is to believe(.不The young should respect the old.What he has said is true. (句子)谓语( predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语 :由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill?He looked after two orphans.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词 ;He can speak English well.She doesn ’ t seem to like dancing.找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。
):1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher.(名词)Seventy-four! You don’ t look(it代.词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in.(副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语 )My watch is gone / missing / lost.(形容词化的分词)To wear a flower is to say“ I’ m poor, I can(不定’式tbuy)a ring.★(常见的系动词有 : be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell (闻起来) ,taste(尝、吃起来) , remain(保持,仍是) , feel(感觉)...It sounds a good idea.The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.Now I feel tired.找出下列句中的表语。
1.I am a teacher.2.They are on the playground.3.My job is teaching English.4.It gets cold.5.It sounds interesting.4.宾语: 1)动作的承受者 -----及物动词或介词的宾语I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you.(动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake?Under the snow, there are many rocks.3)双宾语 -----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语. 直接宾语指物或事 ,间接宾语指人或动物 .He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.指出下面句子的间接宾语和直接宾语:please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.找出下列句子的宾语部分:1.We often help him.2.He likes to play basketball.3.We enjoy listening to the music.4.She said that he felt sick.5.They are talking about the new student.5.宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足,使句子的意义完整。
这类常用的及物动词有:We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. ( 副词 ) Please make yourself at home. 介词短语) Don’ t let him do that.(省 to 不定式)His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(带 to 不定式)Don’ t keep the lights burning(.现在分词) I ’ ll have my bike repaired(.过去分词)6.主补:对主语的补充,全称为主语补足语。
He was elected monitor.She was found singing in the next room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.7.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher(.名词)He is our friend. (代词)We belong to the third world.(数词)He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词)The man over there is my old friend.(副词 )The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. 介(词 )The boys playing football are in Class 2.(现在分词)The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词)I have an idea to do it well.(不定式)You should do everything that I do.(定语从句)定语后置:如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。
而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?状语:用来修饰 v., adj., adv., 或句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
(以下例句按上述顺序排列)I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting-room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.He didn ’ t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.(二)句子结构简单句的五个基本句型1.主语+不及物动词She came./ My head aches.2.主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English.3.主语+系动词+表语She is happy.4.主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave John a book.5.主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语 She makes her mother angry.The teacher asked me to read the passage.★There +be 句型There are some books on the desk.There lies a book on the desk.Exercises :分析下列句子成分1. Our school is not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you3. All of us considered him honest.4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass.6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.翻译练习:主谓结构(主语+不及物动词)1、你应该努力学习You should study hard.2、他昨天晚上很晚回家She went home very late yesterday evening.练习:1、This box weighs five kilos.这个盒子重五公斤。