英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分

1．主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物，

是句子叙述的主体，可由名词、代词、数词、

名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。

The sun rises in the east. （名词）

He likes dancing. （代词）

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

Seeing is believing. （动名词）

To see is to believe. （不定式）

What he needs is a book. （主语从句）

2．谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。

We study English. He is asleep.

3．表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious.

He looks tired. He became mad after that.

系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

常见的系动词有:

1）状态系动词：be (am is are was were…)

2）持续系动词：keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持”

3）表像系动词：seem, appear, look.. "看起来像"

4）感官系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste,

5）变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run“变得”6）终止系动词：prove, turn out, "证实"

4．宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾

I like China. He hates you.

I enjoy working with you.

2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Are you afraid of the snake?

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）

He gave me a book yesterday. My father told me a story.

5. 补语

1）宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor.

We will make them happy.

I’ll have my bike repaired.

2）．主补：对主语的补充。

He was elected monitor.

She was found singing in the next room.

6．定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

He is a chemistry teacher. He is our friend.

7. 状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或者句子。表示时间、

地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。

I will go there tomorrow.

The meeting will be held in the meeting room.

The meat went bad because of the hot weather.

He studies hard to learn English well.

He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam.

I like some of you very much.

If you study hard, you will pass the exam.

He goes to school by bike.

Though he is young, he can do it well.

简单句的五个基本句型

1.主语＋谓语(不及物动词vi)

She came．My head aches.

2.主语＋谓语（及物动词vt）＋宾语

She likes English.

3. 主语＋系动词＋表语She is happy．

4. 主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

She gave John a book．

5. 主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补

She makes her mother angry．

6. There be 句型

There are 60 students in our class.

There are 5 people in my family.

练习：划分以下句子成分并判断是什么句型。

1. Our school is not far from my home.

2. All of us considered him honest.

3. My grandfather bought me a new computer.

4. I feel better now.

5. Tees turn green when spring comes.

6. They pushed the door open.

7. He will come here tomorrow.

8. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

9. He asked us to sing an English song.

10. We will make our school more beautiful.

11. The food goes bad now.

12. He seems sad.

13. My brothers are doctors.

14. They don’t know what to say.

15. You should study hard.

16. There are many things to do.