20中考专题—阅读与表达(带答案)

芝麻开门知己知彼1用兵如神【典型例题】2018北京中考Camping in your backyard is full of fun, whatever your age. It's great for keeping us relaxed. It offers chances to check the night sky and to be noisier than usual. It lets us have friends over to stay who might not fit inside the house! Follow these instructions and you'll have a night you’ll never forget!Put up your tent.Depending on the number of family members and guests, you may need more than one tent. Tell your friends to bring their tents if needed. Follow the instructions or check out the articles on how to put up a tent on the Internet.Prepare your bedding.You'll want your guests to be able to relax in comfort. Put something soft tolie on the floor: A blow-up air mattress or thick comforters may work well. Fillthe tent with soft toys and blankets (毯子). Have lightweight sleeping bags orcotton blankets. They are especially important if you live where the nighttemperatures drop greatly.Prepare a seating area.If you have a picnic table, that would work best. If not, set up a few chairs and a small table to set out drinks and food. A simple choice is to lay out a blanket in the sun, so that your friends can eat and talk. Be sure the grass isn’t wet!Make memories.Plan some activities. You're camping in the backyard, so it's time to make the most of being outdoors.Have a camera nearby to take silly photos of you, your family members, and your friends. Take one large group shot with everyone smiling and laughing. Be sure to make copies for everyone!64. Is camping in the backyard great fun?65. What can we do to help relax our guests?66. What is a simple choice to prepare a seating area?67. How do we make memories?68. What is the passage mainly about?注意：先看问题，再带着问题读文章效率更高！考点一: 获取文章具体信息——一般疑问句64. Is camping in the backyard great fun?【考点精析】Yes. 本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。

通过查找关键词camping in the backyard可知本题对应的信息就位于文章的第1信息与问题一致，故答案为Yes。

考点二: 获取文章具体信息——特殊疑问句65. What can we do to help relax our guests?【考点精析】Put something soft to lie on the floor. 本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。

问题是“为了帮助客人放松，我们能做什么？”通过查找关键词help relax our guests可知本题对应信息位于第3段开头部分人舒适地放松，那么在地板上放一些软绵绵的东西来躺着）。

故答案为Put something soft to lie on the floor.66. What is a simple choice to prepare a seating area?【考点精析】A simple choice is to lay out a blanket in the sun. 本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。

问题是“准备一个就坐区域的简单选择是什么？”通过查找关键词prepare a seating area可知答案位于第4段；再根据关键词a simple choice可知答案位于第3句话67. How do we make memories?【考点精析】By taking photos of us, our family members and friends. 本题考查获取文章具体信息的能力。

问题是“我们如何制造回忆？”通过查找关键词make memories可知答案位于最后一部分，即照片能给人留下回忆回答时需注意两点：首先，要将第二人称转换为第一人称（与问题保持一致）；其次，通常How引导的特殊疑问句要用by +doing引出答案，故答案为By taking photos of us, our family members and friends.考点三: 提取文章主旨要义——特殊疑问句68. What is the passage mainly about?【考点精析】What fun of camping is and how we have a great camping.本题考查提取文章主旨要义的能力。

问题是“这篇文章主要关于什么？”这类问题通常在原文中找不到明确的对应信息，需要在把握文意的3基础上，提炼并归纳出答案。

纵观本题原文，发现它可以分成两个部分（第1段是单独的一部分，其余带副标题的所有段落是另一部分），那么分别提炼两部分的内容要点并整合在一起就会得出本题答案。

第1部分红色划线语句（首段前4句话）以“总—分”式说明camping的乐趣；蓝色划线语句（首段最后一句话）承上启下，表明第2部分将分述如何才能拥有一个难以忘怀的camping。

最后分别what和how 两个连接词将两部分段义引出，即What fun of camping is and how we have a great camping.【举一反三】【即学即练】2017北京中考We need to be responsible for our environment. Being a frugal consumer(节俭的消费者) is one way to help. But, what exactly does that mean?Use It UpYou can use things up instead of wasting them. Squeeze that last bit of toothpaste out of the tube. Use the last little piece of soap. Don’t throw away any bits of the biscuit at the bottom of the box.Wear It OutYou do not always need to have new things. Suppose your sneakers have broken laces, but they still fit you. Repair them and wear them longer. You don’t have to have the latest iPhone until the old one doesn’t work anymore. Then you can get a new one. Think twice before replacing something that still work.Make It DoWhen something you want is not on hand, look for something else that you already have to take its place. Suppose you are packing your lunch for tomorrow and want a butter sandwich. You are out of butter. Have a cheese sandwich instead so you can use all of the cheese. Learn to fix broken toys instead of just throwing them away. With a little thought, you can make something do, instead of buying something new.Do WithoutThink about all those things that you would like to have. Do you really need them? How long will you really play with that new toy you saw on TV? Making the things that we want uses up our world’s resources (资源). And, getting rid of the things we don’t want any more takes up even more resources and space.65. Do we need to be responsible for our environment?66. How do we deal with the last little piece of soap?67. When do we need to get a new iPhone?68. What should we do when something we want is not on hand?69. What does the writer want to tell us?【答案】65. Yes.66. Use it up.67. Until the old doen’t work any more.68. Look for something else.69. Why and how to be a responsible consumer.教学点拨5过关斩将【2018河北中考】Every year, wildfires(野火) destroy much forest land. Homes are broken down, and thousands of people die. smokejumpers are helping to stop this.Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefighter. They jump from places into areas that difficult to reach by car or on foot. They race to put out fires as fast as they can.At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide how to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop fire from spreading. Using basic tools such as shovels and axes, smokejumpers clear land of burnable material like plants and other dry material. They carry water with them too, but not much.Although most smokejumpers are men, more women are joining. Most important are your weight and height. Smokejumpers in the U.S. for example, must be 54 to 91 kilograms, so they don’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds.Smokejumpers must be able to live in the wilderness. In Russia, many smokejumpers know how to find food in the forest and even make simple furniture from trees.The work is dangerous, the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smokejumping isn’t just a job. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 28-year-old Russian smokejumpers Alexi Tishin says, “This is the best job for the strong and brave.”64. What are Smokejumpers?65. Where do they jump from?66. What’s their main goal?67. Why should they have proper weight?68. What’s needed to be a smokejumper?【答案】64. Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefighter.65.They jump from planes.66.Their main goal is to stop fire from spreading.67.Because they won’t get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds.68. To be a smokejumper, one needs to have proper height and weight, be able to live in the wildernessand love his/her job.【2018海淀一模】Beijing is a crowded city of high-rise buildings everywhere. When there is a fire, it can spread easily and quickly. Every year, there are thousands of people losing not only their property (财产)but also their loved ones in fires. In many cases, these fires happened because people were careless. To prevent fires at home, it is important to monitor(监督) some household activities.Use of electrical appliancesAlways pay attention to the electrical wiring and electrical appliances（电器）that you are using. Choose proper electrical appliances and use them correctly. For example, allow enough space behind your TV sets to make sure that there is room for the heat to escape. Do not put heaters near newspapers or other materials that can burn easily. When the electrical appliances are not in use, disconnect them from the electricity supply. When you notice problems with your electrical appliances, make sure to repair or replace them quickly. It is also important to avoid connecting too many plugs to the same socket（插座）as fires may result.Fire risks in the kitchenThe kitchen is a place where we can find fuel（燃料）, cooking stoves and many different kinds of electrical appliances. Because of this, you have to be more careful when working in the kitchen. Before cooking, open the windows to allow fresh air into the kitchen. Do not leave the kitchen when a stove is in use. Keep food packages and waste paper away from a stove as well. If you smell strong gas in the kitchen, disconnect the gas supply and contact your gas supply company immediately.Matches and lightersPut matches and lighters in safe places. Do not let children play with them.Emergency exitsDo not block the emergency exits（紧急出口）or lock them. When there is a fire, the emergency exits are your main escape paths.64. Why did fire happen in many cases?65. Where shouldn’t we put the heater?66. Is it important to avoid connecting too many plugs to the same socket?67. What should we do before cooking?68. What is the purpose of the passage?【答案】64. Because people were careless.65. We shouldn’t put heaters near newspapers or other materials that can burn easily.766. Yes. / Yes, it is.67. (We should ) Open the windows to allow fresh air into the kitchen.68. To tell us how to / Some useful ways to prevent fires (at home). / To tell something about fireprevention ( at home).【2018东城一模】Lisa is ten years old. She is handicapped（残疾的）because she has brain damage. She could not dress herself or feed herself until a year ago. Her parents loved her, but they treated her like a baby.Mr. Ching has a daughter and a son. They are both grown-up. They live far from their father. Mr. Ching felt lonely. He decided to do something about it. He volunteered to become a foster grandfather to a handicapped child. And that was how he met Lisa.Mr. Ching became a foster grandparent to Lisa a year ago. At first, Lisa was shy. She was afraid because Mr. Ching was a stranger. But he came to see her three times a week. Little by little, she began to trust him.Lisa let Mr. Ching do things for her. He helped to dress her, told her stories and fed her. One day he came at lunchtime and fed her. He handed her the spoon and guided it to her mouth. He told her she must learn to feed herself.“Most of that lunch ended up on our clothes instead of in Lisa’s mouth,” Mr. Ching remembers. “But it was a start for Lisa. She learned to feed herself in a few months.”Then Lisa was ready for more treatment. Thanks to Mr. Ching, she had learned to do one simple thing. She could also learn to do other simple things.To become foster grandparents, people must be at least sixty years old and in good health. They are volunteers, so they are not paid.Mr. Ching says, “We all benefit. The handicapped children benefit because we help them live more useful lives. And we benefit because we know the children need us and love us. For any person, there’s no greater happiness than that!”64. Why does Lisa need help?65. Does Mr. Ching live with his children?66. How often did Mr. Ching visit Lisa?67. How can people become foster grandparents?68. What did Mr. Ching do to help Lisa?【答案】64. Because she is handicapped.65. No, he doesn’t.66. Three times a week.67. They must be at least sixty years old and in good health.68. He dressed her, told her stories and fed her. He also taught her to feed herself.【2018西城一模】Flynn McGarry, a 14-year-old American boy, controls the kitchen easily. He is now crowned as（被誉为）“the country's hottest chef（厨师）.”McGarry began his cooking career four years ago and said it was something he was soon drawn too.He wanted to cook as much as he could do it. After looking at all these cookbooks and going on the Internet, he thought he could achieve that one day. McGarry said. "Every time I try it, I hope to keep getting better and better.I just fell in love with it."He said his mother's cooking was another reason for him to cook. He didn't quite like his mother's food, so he decided to try something simple. He started cooking for himself. He began practicing his knife skills after school. Then, he started creating dishes for a few of his mother's friends. Soon after, he created more complicate d (复杂的) and expensive dishes for famous restaurants in America.The real "I want to be a chef' moment came when McGarry decided to create his own dishes. He said a year later. When his skills in the kitchen got better, he was able to cook his way through most of the cookbook. He has worked in top restaurants across the country. His accomplishments（技艺）may seem like the work of an experienced chef, but this cook is only 14 years old.The young man has a strong passion (热情) for cooking. He even turned his bedroom into an experimental kitchen lab. You can't see any video games, basketballs or movie posters.McGarry's mother is proud of' him and she fully supports her son. She said, "He showed such passion for this that it was an obvious choice to allow him to do what he loves to do.""Focusing on your passion and hard work certainly pays off in the end." When Flynn McGarry was interviewed, he said, "At the point in your life where you stop caring if you're going to be famous or do well, your dream will come to you."64. How old was McGarry when he started cooking?65. Did he like his mother's food?66. Who did McGarry cook for at first?967. When did he really want to be a chef?68. What makes McGarry successful?【答案】64. He was ten years old./He was ten./Ten years old.65. No, he didn't.66. For himself.67. When he decided to create his own dishes.68. His passion for cooking, hard work, as long as his creative ideas and not caring whether successful or not.【2018朝阳一模】Dr. Sharon M. Draper is an excellent teacher as well as a successful writer. She is a woman of achievements.She has been honored as the National Teacher of the Year, is a five-time winner of the Coretta Scott King Literary Awards, and is a New York Time s bestselling writer.She was chosen as Ohio's Outstanding High School Language Arts Educator, Ohio Teacher of the Year, and as a NCNW Excellence in Teaching Award winner.She is a Milken Family Foundation National Educator Award winner.She is a YWCA Career Woman of Achievement, and is the recipient (接受者) of the Dean's Award from Howard University School of Education.Two years ago she was named Ohio Pioneer in Education by the Ohio State Department of Education, and received the Beacon of Light Humanitarian Award, as well as the Doctor of Laws Degree from Pepperdine University.She has been honored at the White House six times, and was chosen as one of only four writers in the country to speak at the National Book Festival Gala in Washington, D.C. Her book Copper Sun has been chosen by the US State Department and the International Reading Association as the United States novel for the international reading project. Students in the US, Nigeria, and Ghana are reading the book and sharing the ideas—a true intercontinental, cross-cultural experience.She has worked all over the United States, as well as in Russia, Ghana, Togo, Kenya, Ethiopia, Bermuda, and Guam, spreading the word about the power of successful teaching and excellence in education.She became known when she won first prize in a literary (文学的) competition. She was given $5000 and her short story, One Small Torch, came into being. She has written many poems, articles, and short stories in literary journals (期刊).阅读与表达Here are some of her books which are very popular in America.We Beat the Street (Dutton, 2005)Copper Sun (Simon and Schuster, 2006)Fire from the Rock (Dutton, 2007)Just Another Hero (Simon and Schuster, 2009)Out of my Mind (Simon and Schuster, 2010)64.Is Dr. Sharon M. Draper a writer?65.What was she named in 2011?66.How many times has she been to the White House at least?67.What has she written in literary journals?68.What’s the passage mainly about?【答案】64. Yes.65. Ohio Pioneer in Education.66. 6. / Six.67. Poems, articles, and short stories.68. Dr. Sharon M. Draper’s achievements and her famous books.11。