高考英语语法必考考点(2)冠词(含解析)

2019年高考英语语法必考考点（2）：冠词含解析

李仕才

【考点解读】

高考对冠词的考查每年至少有一道题，单项选择一般设两空，以增加覆盖面和难度。考生在冠词试题上失分较多，主要是缺乏语感，对一些知识点掌握不够透彻。高考冠词主要考查其基本用法，包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等。

考点一、考查不定冠词a / an表示个别或泛指的用法。

(1) 用在可数名词前表示“一个”，含义上相当于“one”。

如：The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.

(2) 与单数可数名词连用，表示某一类人或事物；亦可泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”。

如：It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man.

(3) 用在抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一种，一次，一类”等意义。

如：He had a strong dislike for cold weather.

(4) 用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。

如：He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.

(5) 用在专有名词前，相当于“一位，一个，某位，某个”或“……式的人”。

如：Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be a Picasso.

(6) 用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前，表示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日。

如：The accident happened on a rainy Sunday towards the end of July.

考点二、考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法。

(1) 用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的人、事物。

如：I woke up with a bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.

(2) 在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：

The moon turns around the earth.

Drivers always sit on the left of buses.

(3) 在单数名词前，表示某一类别或某项发明。如：The tiger is a dangerous animal.

(4) 在由普通名词构成的专有名词前及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前。

如：We are said to be living in the Information Age, a time of new discoveries and great changes.

(5) 在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特指“两者中较……的一个”。

如：As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.

(6)在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间的词组中。

如：on the left, in the east / west, on the other hand, in the end, the other day 等。

(7) 在形容词前表示一类人或事物。

如：the poor / rich / young / dying / good / unknown等。

(8) 在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。

如：The Smiths are sitting at the table.

(9) 在表示度量单位的名词前，表示“每一”。如：

—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.

—Right, he will also get paid by the week.

口诀记忆the的用法：

特指熟悉与复述，独一无二全用the。

方位乐器名词前，序数形最乐位惯。

复数姓氏与专有，习惯用语最后添。

考点三、考查零冠词的用法。

(1) 复数名词表泛指时，其前不加冠词。如：

The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.

(2) 可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格时，其前不用冠词。

如：Jack’s English book is lying on his desk.

(3) 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名等的名词前，通常不用冠词。

如：Sarah looked at the finished painting with satisfaction.

(4) 表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词前，以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方式等的名词前，通常不用冠词。

如：We’re going to watch a match on Sunday.

(5) 表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等时，其前不用冠词。

如：Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take place of George.

考点四、考查冠词的固定搭配

1. 不定冠词用于短语搭配中。

(1) “have/take＋a(n)＋与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。

have/take a rest休息一会儿

have/take a look看一下

have/take a bath洗个澡

(2) “go out for a(n)＋名词”，表示从事某项活动。

go out for an outing去郊游

go out for a picnic去野餐

(3) 用在某些固定词组中。

as a matter of fact; in a hurry; in a word; a waste of; in a way; come to an end; all of a sudden; have a(n)...knowledge of; have a(n)...understanding/grasp /feeling of，go out for a walk, have a good time, make a difference, make a living, have an idea of, have a good knowledge of等。

如：I don’t understand what the engineer means, but I’ve got a rough idea of the project plan.

(7)

2. 定冠词用于固定搭配。

in the morning; on the other hand; on the contrary; on the air; in the end; come

to the point; the ABC of...

3. 在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词。

at night; at home; day after day; by telephone; in danger; on purpose; out of control; under＋n.; be home to, at dawn, on second thoughts, come to light, come to power, give birth to, out of control, in public, ahead of time, in debt, hand in hand, in place of, do harm to等。

【真题分析】

一、单项选择

1. (2016·浙江) ______prize for the winner of the competition is ______two-week holiday in Paris.

A. The ; 不填

B. A ; 不填

C. A ; the

D. The ; a

【答案】D

2. (2015·陕西) more learned a man is, more modest be usually become.

A. The; the

B. A; a

C. The ; a

D. A; the

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠词。试题分析：句意：一个人越有学识，他就越可能更谦虚。使用the +比较级+主谓，the +比较级+主谓的句型，所以选A。

3. (2015·浙江) Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write children’s book

for many years, but one thing or another always got in way.

A. a; 不填

B. the; the

C. 不填; the

D. a; the

【答案】D

【解析】考查冠词。试题分析:句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了。第一空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二个in the way是固定搭配，意为挡道或阻碍。定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配，不定冠词用于泛指。选D

4. (2015·四川) Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D.不填

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠词。试题分析：本题考查不定冠词在人名前，表示；一个像……那样的人。故选择A。句意为:Bran在创作音乐上极有才华，他很有可能成为ー个像贝多芬那样的人才。

5. (2015·重庆) I just heard____ bank where Dora works was robbed by____ gunman wearing a mask.

A. the; /

B. a; /

C. the; a

D. a; the

【答案】C

二、单句填空

1. (2018·全国III卷) Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _____62_____ top of her lungs.

【解析】考查冠词。此处为固定短语at the top of，此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。

2. (2018·全国II卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。句意：玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%，而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。

4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As ________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

【答案】a

【解析】as a result是固定搭配，意为“结果”，强调某种原因产生的结果。

5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over ________ top.

【答案】the

【解析】此处特指“顶部”，故用定冠词the。

6.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Instead, she is earning ￡6,500 a day as ________ model in New York.

【答案】a

【解析】句意：相反，她在纽约做模特每天收入6,500英镑。model是可数名词，在此表示泛指，且读音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。

7.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

【解析】for a while “一会儿”，固定搭配。

8.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)In that case, we will learn little about ________ world.

【答案】the

【解析】句意：那样的话，我们将会对这个世界了解甚少。world属于表示世上独一无二的事物的名词，其前应用定冠词。

9.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ) In 1931, Addams became ________ first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.

【答案】the

【解析】序数词前面加定冠词the。

10.(2016·浙江高考)________ prize for the winner of the competition is ________ two-week holiday in Paris.

【答案】The; a

二、单句改错

1. (2018·全国III卷) I had done myself homework but I was shy.

【答案】myself→the

【解析】考查冠词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。改为定冠词the或表示“我的”用my不用myself。

2. (2018·全国II卷)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.

【答案】the→a

【解析】考查冠词。这里表示“作为一个孩子”，a用在表示泛指的单数名词前，the表示特指。故把the改为a。

3. (2018·全国I卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.

【答案】countryside前加the

【解析】考查冠词。去年寒假，我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶。此处特指去的是乡下，故加定冠词the。

4. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I still remember how hard first day was.

【答案】first前加the/my

【解析】表示第几天，序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰。

5. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)But in that case, we will learn little about world.

【答案】world前加the

【解析】此处特指我们所生活的这个世界。

6. (2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.

【答案】去掉the

【解析】at first “起初”，为固定短语。

7. (2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean and the mountains are green.

【答案】countryside前加the

【解析】in the countryside“在乡村”，为固定短语。

8. (2014·全国卷Ⅱ)There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom

buildings.

【答案】去掉第一个the

【解析】此处为泛指，不表示特指，故去掉the。

【对点测试】

一、单项选择

1. (2018·江苏常熟中学) In 1768, ________ commander of the Endeavour, James Cooks, met Joseph Banks, who was appointed ________ president of the Royal Society 10 years ago.

A. /; /

B. /; the

C. the; the

D. the; /

【答案】D

2. (2018·江苏常熟中学) , he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.

A. A quiet student as he may

B. Quiet student as he may be

C. Be a quiet student as he may

D. Quiet as he may be a student

【答案】B

【解析】as引导让步状语从句应该倒装，本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词(若要保留该不定冠词，则应将其置于quiet与student 之间。)

3. (2018·北京精华中学) —Where can we park car?

—Don’t worry. There’s sure to be parking lot nearby.

A. the; the

B. the; a

C. 不填; a

D. 不填; the

【答案】B

4. (2018·江苏泰州中学) --What do you think we should do after dinner?

-- Why don’t we get beer at the Karaoke bar don the street? It is kind of fun to hear all the birds singing.

A. a; 不填

B. a; a

C. the; a

D. a; the

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠词。试题分析：句意：--你认为我们晚饭后应该做什么？--为什么不到街上的卡拉OK喝杯啤酒呢？听到所有的乐队唱歌是一种乐趣。口语中表示一杯啤酒的时候啤酒可数冠词用a，fun是不可数名词不加冠词，选A。

5. (2018·天津耀华中学)Being able to afford _____drink would be _____comfort in those tough times.

A. the; the

B. a; a

C. a; /

D. /; a

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠词。第一空，drink前应用不定冠词，表示“一杯饮料”；第二空，comfort 前面加不定冠词，表示“一个给人安慰的物品”，所以两个空都要用不定冠词。

6. (2018·江苏泰州中学)Ted couldn’t remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it was Sunday because everybody was at church.

A. /, the

B. a, /

C. /, a

D. the, /

【答案】B

【解析】考查冠词：第一空填a，表示不明确的一个星期天，第二空不填，at church做礼拜，句意是：Ted记不得风暴的具体日期了，只记得是个星期天，因为每个人都在做礼拜。选B。

7. (2018·天津滨海等中学)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ______ children’s book for many years, ______ but one thing or another always got in ______ way.

A. a; 不填

B. the; the

C. 不填; the

D. a; the

【答案】D

8. (2018·天津静海一中)This summer’s first heavy rainfall turned Kunming, ________ capital city of Yunnan province, into ________ world of water.

A. a, a

B. a, the

C. /, a

D. the, the

【答案】C

【解析】考查冠词。试题分析：句意：今年夏天的首次大雨使云南的省会昆明成了一个水的世界。特指云南的省会用the或不填，指一个水的世界用a，故选C。

9. (2017·天津一中)I don’t fully understand what you said, but I have got ________ rough idea of plan.

A. a; the

B. /; the

C. a; /

D. the; the

【答案】A

【解析】考查冠词的用法。句意：我不完全理解你说的话，但我对计划有大概的了解。have an idea of，固定搭配，意思为“对….有看法; 对…有一个认识/了解。”第一个空是固定搭配，而且是表示数量“一”。第二个空是特指双方已知的计划，故要用定冠词。故选A。

二、单句填空

1. (2018·江西临川一中) Let’s just take ___45___ close look at your choice.

【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词。take a look意为“看一看；考虑”，是固定短语，故填a。

2. (2018·浙江杭州外国语学校)It was ____18____ simple sign that said, “Laboratory-in this room the first five letters of the word was emphasized, not the last seven.”【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词。此处泛指“一个简单的指示牌”，故填a。

3. (2018·全国名校联盟) A CCTV history program that mixes documentaries and drama with variety shows in ___41___ hope of promoting the protection of prized cultural legacies (遗产) has become a hit.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。in the hope of“怀着……希望”是固定短语，故填the。

4. (2018·湖北黄冈中学) ___65___ similar guideline was announced by the education department in Heilongjiang province on Feb 24.

【答案】a

5. (2018·河北武邑中学) Everyone knows ____70____ rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules.

【答案】the

【解析】考查冠词。此处表示人人都知道规则，更重要的是人人都按规则游戏。所以此处的

规则特指大家都知道的规则，所以前面用定冠词修饰。

6. (2018·河北衡水中学) Earlier this year, the Qilu Transportation Development Group, also handling the Jinan Expressway solar road, built a 160-meter- long solar road in ___48___ city of Jinan.

【答案】在city前加the

【解析】考查定冠词the。今年早些时候，齐鲁运输发展集团也在济南市高速公路上修建了一条160米长的太阳能公路。in the city of---，---市，故在city前加the。

7. (2018·河北衡水中学) Senator Gaylord Nelson dreamed of ___46___ similar event that would get people to take environmental issues seriously.

【答案】a

【解析】考查冠词。泛指“一件相似的大事”，且similar的首字母发音是辅音，所以用不定冠词a。

8. (2018·广东中山一中) In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for _____50_____ development of our writing skills.

【答案】the

【解析】考查定冠词。不定冠词a/an通常表示泛指，定冠词the表示特指；本句中定冠词the特指我们写作技巧的提高。

9. (2018·高考仿真模拟) Bayomy, ___45___ Egyptian student at the same university, said she planned to visit a temple fair in Chaoyang Park on Sunday.

【答案】an

【解析】考查冠词。___5___ Egyptian student at the same university是Bayomy的同位语，此处泛指“一个埃及学生”，Egyptian以元音因素开头。故填an。

10. (2018·高考仿真模拟) Don't do this in ___44___ obvious way because this is annoying，but do it without his awareness of your intention.

【答案】an

【解析】考查冠词。不要以一种明显的方式做这件事，因为这很烦人。该处表示“一种明显的方式”，表示泛指，故用不定冠词；obvious的读音以元音音素开头，故用an。

三、单句改错

1. (2018·江西临川一中)In March, Lu and his wife transferred all the money they saved it in more than 10 bank accounts to South China Agricultural University to establish the educational fund sponsoring poverty-stricken students and talented young teachers.

【答案】the→a

2. (2018·四川双流中学) It was fantastic day and I hope they will come to Chengdu again.

【答案】fantastic day前增加a

【解析】考查冠词。句意：这是美好的一天，并且我希望他们再次来到成都。泛指“一个极好的日子”，且fantastic的首字母发音是辅音，所以fantastic day前增加a。

3. (2018·全国名校联盟)Let’s take an action from now on! Let’s work together to live in harmony!

【答案】故去掉action前的an

【解析】考查冠词。take action“采取措施”，action是不可数名词，故去掉action前的

an。

4. (2018·湖南长郡中学) I've made the mistake a full spoon is too many, and he can take only five drops.

【答案】the→a

【解析】考查固定短语。短语make a mistake犯错；其中的不定冠词a表示泛指。

5. (2018·湖北黄冈中学) I’d like to give brief introduction about myself.

【答案】give后面加上a

6. (2018·河北武邑中学) First, some people are in such the hurry that they ignore the traffic lights.

【答案】the→a

【解析】考查固定短语。固定短语in a hurry，故把the改为a。

7. (2018·河北衡水中学) The whole city was covered with green trees, making it green city.

【答案】在it后面加a

【解析】考查不定冠词。整个城市都被绿树覆盖，使它成了一个绿色的城市。结合句意可知在it后面加a。

8. (2018·河北衡水中学) For 65 years, Mr Li has been walk around our neighborhood twice the day.

【答案】the→a

【解析】冠词用法错误。这里表达“一天两次”，用twice a day。故将the改为a。

9. (2018·广东中山一中) The museum, which covers a area of 18,000 square meters, is

made of 24 exhibition halls.

【答案】a→an

【解析】冠词用法错误。“The museum, which covers a area of 18,000 square meters”冠词修饰名词area，因为area是元音开头的单词，所以要用an。故将a改为an。

10. (2018·高考仿真模拟卷) When I didn’t know how to write a sentence correct, I would ask my teacher for the help.

【答案】掉定冠词the

【解析】考查冠词。ask sb. for help表示“向某人寻求帮助”，help是不可数名词，根据语境可知，此处表示泛指。故去掉定冠词the。

四、单句翻译（冠词）

1. 我们都认为他是适合做这个项目的人。

【答案】We all thought him a suitable person for the job.

【解析】不定冠词和名词连用作表语或同位语，主要说明某个人或东西所属类别。

2. 失败乃成功之母。

【答案】Failure is the mother of success.

【解析】抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词

3.这是我所读过的书中最有趣的一本。

【答案】This is the most interesting book I have ever read.

【解析】定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面。

4. 那正是我要找的东西。

【答案】That's the very thing I've been looking for.

【解析】用在序数词和形容词最高级，及形容词only，very，same等前面。

5. 他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。

【答案】Brave (a man) though/as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes.