医学英语视听说

Medical English Watching Listening and Speaking 医学英语视听说考试资料Test Introduction：Part 1：名词解释Part 2：简答Part 3：病例分析Part 4：体检Questions For Diagnosis &Treatment-Chest Pain 1．Possible DiseaseM.I.(myocardial infarction)心肌梗塞Angina 心绞痛Pericarditis心包炎Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Pneumothorax 气胸Cholecystitis胆囊炎Severe indigestion严重消化不良Pneumonia 肺炎Pancreatitis胰腺炎Musculoskelrtal 骨骼系统性疼痛2．Descriptions of PainAches疼痛 ,,throbbing悸痛,pulsing疼痛，stings 刺痛\like a stabbing pain, Sharp pain,comes in waves ,sudden pain, My chest feels tightIt feels like a tight band around my chestPressure ,压迫感3. Useful SentencesFor Chest PainHow LongWhat does the pain feel like?Show me where the pain is?Is the pain just in that area or does it spead anywhere else?Do u have any pain in ur shoulder or down ur left arm?Is the pain constant there all the time?Does the pain get worse when u ----breathe in or out?----walk around or do heavy work?What painkillers did u have?Aspirin（阿司匹林,paracetamol(扑热息痛)Here are the Forms（化验单），U Need to have some blood test, X-ray,and ECG right away！Ur results show that u have ----,I am afraid u will have to be admitted into hospital for treatment (住院治疗)U need to have intravenous antibiotics (静脉输液)，and oralmedication (口服药)。

Question for Diagnosis &Treatment ----Diarrhea(腹泻) 1.Possible DiseaseFood poisoning 食物中毒Dysentery痢疾Intestinal Obstruction肠梗阻Dehydration脱水Intussusception 肠套叠Enteritis 肠炎(小肠炎)Crohn’s Disease 节段性回肠炎Irritable bowel syndrome 过敏性结肠炎Bowel Tumour肠瘤Constipation 便秘2.Descriptive Words for Faeces粪便and DiarrheaLiquid液体watery 水样Lumpy 粒状Semi-soft 半软Mucous 粘液Bloodybloody and like jelly带血胶状Dark brown 咖啡色Cream color 乳白色Beige 浅褐色Dry 干燥Black and sticky黑色呈柏油Smelly 发臭的Pus 脓Milk deposits 牛奶沉淀Un-digested未消化的Pale 白色Green 青色3.Question for Diarrhea （顺序为横）How long How many timesBloody? Stool（大便） look like?Do they smell? Pain when u have diarrhea? Vomit? Eat something wrong?Able to eat ?How about fluids ? Any fever or headache? Do u feel dehydrated (脱水)?Specimen（样品）of stools ;blood test; x-ray; ultrasound(超声)--------U must take fluids ,and just have a light diet until feel better Possible bowel cancer（肠癌）（顺序为横）3 times a week 2 or 3times a dayA bit soft ,dark brown Not smellpain going with Abdominal pain or discomfortFeel bloated 腹胀 Press on stomach and palpateDo test of specimen of ur stools ,blood testMight need endoscopic内窥镜的,内窥镜检查的or sigmoidoscopy乙状结肠镜检查[术]Questions For Diagnosis & Treatment----Abdominal Pain 1..Possible DiseaseAbdominal Obstruction 腹胀[?b?d ? m?n?lAppendicitis 阑尾炎[??pend??sa?t?s]Food Poisoning 食物中毒Hepatitis 肝炎[?hep??ta?t?s]Cholecystitis(gallstones) 胆囊炎，（胆结石）[?k?lisis?taitis] Gynecological Problems 妇科疾病[?ɡainik??l?d?ik?l]Stomach Ulcer 胃溃疡[??ls?]Pancreatitis 胰腺炎[?p??kri??taitis]Urological Problems 泌尿系统问题Respiratory problems 呼吸系统问题[?resp?r??t?:riCardiovascular problems 心血管问题[?kɑ:di:???v?skj?l?]eful SentencesHow long?where? how painful is it?Did the pain strat there or somewhere else?Does it hurt more after certain exercises or actions?Do u feel that u have had fever at anytime?Are u passing urine ok?(你排尿正常吗？)What does ur urine look like?Are u having your bowels open regularly?(排便正常吗) Are u menstruating ?is it normal ?Bleeding?is it normal ?Having a period?is it normal?(females ,月经来了吗？)Are u vomiting?What do u vomit? Is there a pattern?(一般什么情况下呕吐) Are u able to eat or drink?Do u get pain after eating and drinking?Please lay down ,I need to examine uI will need to do some investigations :blood tests ,x-ray and ultrasound ,urine tests and stool testsCholecystitisD:Hello ,my name is Dr pan ,how can I help u?P:I have had abdominal pain for a few days and it’s getting worse.D;how long have u had abdominal pain?P;about three days.D;where is it?can u show me ?P:yes ,just here .D;how painful is it?P:at first it was just on and off ,but now it seems to be there all the time.D: on a scale of 1 to 10;if no pains is 1 and very painful 10,what number would u give your pain?P; I’d give it a 7D;did the pain start there or somewhere else?P;it’s always been there .D;does it hurt more after exercise or actions?P；if iam waling around a lot ,it will hurt a bit more.D; do u feel that u have had a fever at any time?P;no,I don’t think so ,I have felt hot but I haven’t taken my temperature.D；I need to take ur temperature ,pulse ,and B/PAre u passing urine ok?P;yesD;what does ur urine look like?P;normalD;are u having ur bowels open regulatly?P;usually I do ,but I hav en’t had my bowels open for a couple of days.D;have u vomited?P;no,I thought I was going to today but the feeling passed. D;are u able to eat and drink anything?P;I’m drinking but I haven’t really felt like eating.D:what have u been drinking?P：I have had a couple of glasses of water and a couple of cups of coffee.D:does the pain get worse after eating or drinking、P;no ,not that I ‘ve noticed.D;I need to examine you.please lay down,and loosen ur clothing for me.P;ok.D;show me where it hurts.P:it hurts just there.D;ok take a nice big breth, breathe in and out ,now try and relax.P:ouch,that hurts.D；OK thanks ,u can get dressed now.P:I will need to do some investigations : :blood tests ,x-ray and ultrasound ,urine tests and stool testsD;hello ,your results show that u might have cholecystitis,u need to be admitted to hospital for observation and treatment ,and we may need to do more tests before we have a correct diagnosis.P;do I really need to be admitted into hospital, isn’t there anything u can give me for the pain and to help the problem? D; sorry , no ,it is best that u are admitted for further test ,we can check that u haven’t got gallstones or something seriously with ur liver.P;all right ,PPT of Abdomial Pain“All who have had much experience of the group of cases known generally as the acute abdomen will probably agree that in that condition early diagnosis is exceptional.”Types of abdominal pain?Colicky（绞痛 0pain - caused by distention（膨胀）of a hollow viscus（空脏器）, such as bowel.?Somatic （躯干身体）pain - caused by inflammation （炎症）of the parietal peritoneum（壁层腹膜）;?Visceral（内脏的）pain - caused by inflammation of the visceral peritoneum and capsule of solidorgans.Quadrant（象限）View of the AbdomenRight UpperCholecystitis（胆囊炎）?Inflammation of the gall bladder ?胆囊, caused by duct obstruction （管道堵塞）with a gall stone.?Pain is usually steady for an hour or more after onset and made worse by eating.?If there is significant inflammation associated with the cholecystitis, there may be local peritoneal pain(somatic pain)腹膜性疼痛.?Pain may be referred to the scapular(肩胛的)area and accompanies nausea恶心, vomiting, and fever withoutjaundice黄疸.?Diagnosed with ultrasound(超声).Cholangitis?胆管炎•Caused by obstruction of the biliary tract(胆道)leading to bacterial overgrowth in the gall bladder.•Marked by Charcot’s Triad（查科三联征）•– RUQ(右上腹)pain, jaundice and fever.•Diagnosed by ultrasound.•Is an emergency and must be treated with IV antibiotics(静脉抗生素).•May require decompression(解压)via（凭借）endoscopic(内窥镜的)or surgical means.Hepatitis（肝炎）•Caused by inflammation（感染） of the liver by viruses （病毒）, alcohol or certain drugs.•Marked by tender, enlarged liver with malaise（不舒服）, fever and jaundice.•Diagnosed by history and laboratory evaluation - liver function tests and viral serologies.（病毒血清学的检查）•Treatment depends on etiology （病因，病原）of disease.Pancreatitis（胰腺炎）• Most commonly caused by alcoholism (50%) and gall stones (30%) obstructing the common bile .（胆汁）duct（管道）.•Constant mid-epigastric（上腹部的） visceral（内脏的）pain usually occurring after a heavy meal or alcoholic binge.•Pain may radiate to the back (50%) and is accompanied by nausea, vomiting and anorexia ?（厌食症）.•Diagnosed by amylase ?（淀粉酶）and lipase脂肪酶. Imaging by CT scan may be desirable in some cases.Left UpperPeptic Ulcer ?（胃溃疡）•Caused by increased gastric acid production （胃酸容物）or decreased mucosal（粘膜的）protection.•Increased gastric acid production may be caused by alcoholism（酒精中毒）or gastrin producing tumor(Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome佐林格-埃利森综合征).•Decreased mucosal protection may be caused by overuse of NSAID’s（非类固醇抗炎药）or by infection withHelicobacter pylori幽门螺旋杆菌.•Pain is visceral and may become somatic （腹膜性疼痛）if perforation（穿孔）occurs. There may be radiation tothe back.•Diagnosed by H. pylori antigen（抗原）in the serum（血清）, endoscopy内镜检查Left Lower（卵巢囊肿不考。