分类综合训练(一)

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广东中考 短文填空技巧分类训练学案(一)

广东中考 短文填空技巧分类训练学案(一)

短文填空技巧分类训练(一)11.Columbus and his men took gold, spices, and other ter visitors were cruelly unkind to the local people, even 9.causing their destruction(毁灭).2.Many years ago, there were few trees in that area and the winds used to be very strong. It was 5. ___ harmful ______to the fields. Also, there was little rain, so 6. _________ plants could grow and many people went hungry.3. An 11-year-old schoolboy Gabriel Muniz, who was 1. ___born______ without feet, will fly from his home in Brazil to take 2. __part_______ in the Spanish club’s summer training camp. Although he is 3. __disabled _______, Muniz is one of the top players at the school and captain of his gym class.4. There is much traffic. How busy the street is! Look! A few children are5. _________from one side of the street to the6._________side.5. The 3.___ results_____ of the survey show that not everybody wants to have many holidays.6. We can use WeChat to send and 5.____receive/get______hongbao on the mobile phone.7. He was 2. ____regarded/considered/treated________ as a national hero by the people in his country.8. Before long, two policemen came and 10. ___caught/arrested____the thief.9.Maria, director of the school, said Chinese will become a global (全球的) 4. __language _______ in the future and they set up the course because many students had asked for it.10.The project which began in 2007 is supposed to 9. ___cost____ a total of 8, 000, 000, 000 dollars.21.Next time you smell a cake making, stop for a moment and pay 10.________ to your mood.2.I smiled and held his hand. “Take it 6.___easy_____, Roy. Now let’s do something to make it look nice, ”3.He doesn’t like to use his head and plays all 2. ___the______time when he’s free.4. “I think the moon is more useful ___than______the sun, ” said James.5.He explained that his diet was 10. ____so_____ strict that he had to reward himself sometimes.常考高频词汇形容词类:状态类,如: good\ bad full, hungry, important, comfortable,relaxed,successful等情感情绪类,如: interested, worried, happy, angry,nervous/worried等人物性格类,如: honest, lazy, polite等副词:however,finally,also,later,ago,instead等1.They asked him how he was able to catch 10. _________a big fish.2.The Chinese course has been taught at this Italian school for 5 years, and 145 of3. _________ 910 students have chosen to study Chinese.3.Because you have been dishonest, you will 9.__never/not______ be my Prime Minister anymore.When they finished the meal, Mr. Smith could 5. ___hardly/not_______walk.1.When she came to high school,the textbooks were thicker,and the words were 69._________longer. much3.As we know,Chinese is one of the most beautiful languages all over the world, the words of which are also more beautiful than any other language’s.2)不定代词→ 隐含数量关系或固定搭配复合不定代词something、anything、nothing、everything等,形容词后置1.There are trees and flowers on2. ___each______side of the road.2. There are some buildings on 2. ___both______sides of the street.3. We didn’t have e-mails, 3.____either ____.4.The gate wasn’t wide enough to let two men in and out at the same time. But5. ___neither______ of them would give way to the other.5.I don’t know whether we’ll meet each 10. ___other______ again, but his sweet smile will stay there in my memory and deep in my heart.6.Now people all over the world enjoy his Mickey Mouse and 3. ____other_____cartoon characters.7.On that day, everybody in the house knew 9.___something_______ special happened.8.Some people are driving cars, 4. ___some______ people are on their motorbikes, and others are riding bikes.3)句子成分不完整→填入主语或宾语,表语1、缺主语或宾语、表语1.Technology 9. ___make______ life easier and sweeter, but it also brings us bitter(痛苦的) lessons. 10. ___It______ is necessary for us2.He taught 1. _________five foreign languages.When I asked 9. ___him______ what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.4)句子成分不完整→填入谓语1.Once a rich woman invited Martin Brown, a famous singer, to her house. She wanted him to sing for her friends. But she didn’t ___invite/ask______him to have supper with them. She toldhim to eat downstairs with the servants (仆人).2.“It isn’t easy to 74.___be______as smart as everyone thinks you are,is it?”4)两个谓语间缺连接词缺并列连词John was the one who beat all the difficulties, 10. __and_______ he was the first person to receive an honorary degree(荣誉学位) from Gallaudet(加劳德特大学) and became a successful man.缺状语从句连接词when/while/as;as soon as before/after until/till;sinceif;unlessbecause主句+ so that/in order that + 从句so+adj./adv+that ;such n thatthough/although;even if/ though注:从句+逗号+主句= 主句+从句1.________ we remember the following information, our life will be much safer. If2.That evening, she went to a birthday party which lasted 1. __until/till _______two o’clock in the morning.He can’t do anything 1. ____because/as/for _______he didn’t study hard when he was at school.定语从句缺主语或宾语There were only a few schools in Italy 5. ___which/that______ provided Chinese courses宾语从句缺主语或宾语1、不缺句子成分主语+及物动词+that 只做连词,无意义+ whether/if 从句做连词,表是否2、缺主语或宾语主语+ 连接代词(what、who、whom、which)+从句Science and technology is developing quickly these days and it’s hard to imagine10. ____what_____ will happen in the future.People sometimes say,“You don’t need to tell me 10to do.I’ve known it already!”Then the site decides whether Castle has eaten healthily and done enough exercise or not.4、高频介词的基本含义考查with:1)带有、带着;2)和;3)随着4)用without :没有between:在两者之间among:在三者之间for:1)持续一段时间2)为了3)因为4)对于about:关于from:来自to:去、往、到、向of:...的as:作为like:像by:1)被2)通过3)在……之前except:除了...之外besides:此外还有beside:在....对面across:(在表面)穿过through:(在内部)通过in:1)一段时间:世纪、年、月、季节;2)大地点3)在...里面on:1)具体一天2)在...上面at:1)具体时间点2)小地点beforeaftersince*during在...期间、off离开,脱离、towards朝着,against靠着;反对1.Suddenly, the waves came heavily over the kid and pulled the kid far in the deeper sea 5. _____with ____great strength.In a minute Mr. Smith came back 8. ____with _____a box full of Christmas cards.2.The eclipse(月全食) was easier to see in the west of the United States and Canada before the moon rose early 6. __on_______ Wednesday morning.3.The doctor cut the cast (石膏)6. __with _______a large saw (锯) and took the arm out of the cast.4.So he had to go back home 10. ___without______buying anything.This new form of hongbao is becoming more and more popular 6. ___among_______ the WeChat users.First he studies his lessons, and he read Chinese and English 6. ____for_____an hour.There is also something 8.________the smell of home cooking. aboutIt has become the first school in the country to list Chinese 1. ___as______ a graduation exam subject.What’s more, while playing, it encourages players to try their best with words 8. __like_______ “Good job!”, “Come on!” and so on.He led me 7. ___into/to______ his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel(包裹)under his desk. Many people give parties 5. ___at______their homes or attend functions at hotels or restaurants.(节选1)The human body can live 2. ___without______food for a long time, but two or three days without water usually leads to death. Many people do not understand how 3. ___much______water the human body needs at work and many people do not drink 4. ___enough______especially in cold weather. Most people drink enough only in 5.___hot_____weather. Most people drink when they are 6. ___thirsty______, but we often needmore water, especially 7. __after_______doing exercise.(节选2)10.On Wednesday, January 31, 2018, much of the world got to see not only a blue moon and a “supermoon”, but also a total lunar eclipse(月全食). Having all three events taking place at the same time is really 1. __unusual _______. Astronomers(天文学家) say this has not happened 2. __since_______ 1982. And it won’t happen again 3. __until________ 2037.I looked at her, amazing at how she was encouraging me. “Why are you playing the piano here? ” I asked her 8.___with_____ a smile.She 9.____explained______ that she saw a lot of unhappy people around and she tried to cheer 10.___them_____ up by music.综合运用(一)One day, two fishermen were fishing in a pond. 66.___________of them were looking forward to getting a big catch.The 67.___________fisherman caught a big and beautiful fish within a few minutes.He was very happy.He put 68.___________fish in his icebox.He would 69.___________it in the afternoon.Soon, the second fisherman also caught a large fish.Surprisingly, he 70.___________it back into the ter, he caught many more big fish, only to throw them back into the water again.The first fisherman was 71.___________.“Why are you throwing the fish back into the water? They were beautiful and big!”The second fisherman answered, “I know that, but my pan is not big 72.___________to cook big fish.So I’m looking for a 73.___________fish than those to fit my cooking pan.”The first fisherman laughed and he told the second fisherman that he could just 74.___________the fish into pieces to fit them into the small pan.Many of us are just 75.___________the second fisherman.We don’t think carefully and this sometimes causes us to lose opportunities(机会).答案详解66.Both both of…固定搭配,意为:两者都……。

高一物理力学分类综合训练题

高一物理力学分类综合训练题

A.FT 始终增大,Ff 始终减小
B. FT 保持不变,Ff 始终增大
C.FT 保持不变,Ff 先减小后增大 D. FT 先不变后增大,Ff 先增大后减小
7. 如图所示,在光滑水平面上有一物块在水平恒定外力 F 的作用下从静止开始运动,在其正前方有一根固定在墙上
的轻质弹簧,从物块与弹簧接触到弹簧压缩量最大的过程中,下列说法正确的是( )
1
让我们累的不是学习本身,而是抵触学习的情绪!
整体法、隔离法的区别
隔离法就是将研究对象从其周围的环境中隔离出来单独进行研究,这个研究对象可以是一个物体,也可以是物 体的一个部分,广义的隔离法还包括将一个物理过程从其全过程中隔离出来。
整体法是将几个物体看作一个整体,或将看上去具有明显不同性质和特点的几个物理过程作为一个整体过程来 处理。在一些题目中,当是多个物体通过弹簧、轻绳、杆连接在一起或者几个物体直接接触时,这时候就该从这几 个物体的运动状态上去判断它们是否可视为整体了(这一步是最关键的,不能错,若错了,就不用再继续了),若可 视为整体的接下来算出整体加速度,再结合隔离法隔离整体中的任何一个物体,或许到这里神奇的事儿就出现了。 当然不能视为整体的得坚决倒回去用隔离法解题。整体法是高中物理重点解题思想,如果说高中物理最重要的板块 是力学,那整体法即是解答力学难题最重要的良钥秘方。总之,没有理由,整体法是每个物理学子必须要掌握的额!
(1)超重:物体有向上的加速度称物体处于超重。处于失重的物体的物体对支持面的压力 F (或对悬挂物的拉力)大于物体的重力,即 F=mg+ma;
(2)失重:物体有向下的加速度称物体处于失重。处于失重的物体对支持面的压力 FN(或对悬挂物的拉力)小 于物体的重力 mg,即 FN=mg-ma,

阅读理解+语法填空+书面表达分类综合训练--2023届高考英语一轮复习

阅读理解+语法填空+书面表达分类综合训练--2023届高考英语一轮复习

阅读理解+语法填空+书面表达分类综合训练一、阅读理解AGoogle's new camera, called Clips, is a small, smart device. It comes with a case that has a clip, but it's not designed to be worn on your clothing. Most interestingly, it uses artificial intelligence to take photography out of your hands so it can capture moments on its own.This roughly 2-inch by 2-inch camera, with a three-hour battery life and Gorilla Glass for toughness, is intended for candid moments, like when a child does something cute that may happen too quickly for you to pull out your smartphone.Onboard the Clips device, it uses machine learning algorithms (计算程序)to help capture scenes. Those algorithms include face recognition. "Once it learns that there's a face you see frequently, it'll try to get nice photos of those faces, “ said Justin Payne, the devices product manager. And they also want it to recognize facial expressions. The Google team also trained it to recognize what not to shoot—like when a child's hand is over the lens (镜头).The only way to see the images is by connecting the camera with your phone, as it has no screen for viewing or editing.Were people concerned it could seem strange? Yes, Payne admitted. But they said they addressed that by making it obvious what it is. A green light on the front signals that it is on. Besides, unlike a camera meant to monitor your home, it is not connected to the Internet."This product is only possible because of the way that silicon has advanced, " Payne said. Going forward, were likely to get more assistance from the artificial intelligence packed into our apps and gadgets (小装置).1. What is the most outstanding feature of Clips?A. It enables easy Internet access.B. It is equipped with tough glass.C. It can be worn on your clothing.D. It allows of hands-free photography.2. What does the underlined word “candid” in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Brief.B. Touching.C. Unforgettable.D. Embarrassing.3. What makes Clips a reality according to Juston Payne?A. The advance in technology.B. The popularity of the Internet.C. The reduction in the price of lens.D. The rise of the smartphone industry.BGrandma Moses is among the most famous twentieth-century painters of the United States, yet she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said of herself, M l would never sit back i n a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.” No one could have had a more productive old age.She was born Anna Mary Robertson on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. At 12 she left home and was in domestic (家庭的)service until, at 27, she married Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children 7, of whom five survived; her husband died in 1927.Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery (刺绣)pictures as a hobby, but only changed to oils (油画)in old age because her hands had become too stiff (硬的)to sew and she wanted to keep busy and pass the time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman who bought everything she painted.Three of the pictures exhibited in the Museum of Modern Art, and in 1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930s and her death she produced some 2,000 pictures:detailed and lively portrayals (描绘)of the country life she had known for so long, with awonderful sense of color and form. *1 think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it." she said.4. What word can best describe Grandma Moses according to Paragraph 1 ?A. Independent.B. Pretty.C. Rich.D. Patient.5. Grandma Moses spent most of her life.A. paintingB. farmingC. nursing babiesD. doing domestic service6. Why did Grandma Moses begin to paint, according to Paragraph 3?A. To keep active.B. To make a living.C. To earn more money.D. To make new friends.7. What can be the best title for the text?A. The Children of Grandma MosesB. Grandma Moses: Her Best ExhibitionC. Grandma Moses: Her Life and PicturesD. Grandma Moses and Other Older ArtistsCObviously, art always amuses children and they can easily engage in it. This only proves that introducing art education at an early age is a great way to let children express what they see in their environment. Art activities give your children pleasurable experiences.Art education helps children learn and improve communication sk川s. Apparently, there are children who find difficulty in communicating in words. In this sense» expressing their feelings through art is an excellent outlet. Art for kids offers a lot of important skills in life that will lead them to the right path. Simply watching television can teach them to read and count. Therefore, allowing your kids to paint can tell the thought in their mind.Every child should learn problem solving naturally and on his own. In fact, when children are making something like drawing or painting, it is one way of problem solving. It is because artgives more realistic models that are stable. Likewise, art education can also help in developing critical-thinking skills, music, dance and theater arts.Moreover, creating arts in groups is an ideal way of mastering skills and in the same way they also learn from their peers without pressure unlike the formal teaching lessons. That is why adult supervising children engaging in art should know that art is not all about expressing talent but it is a skill of creativity.Also, engaging in art education can help building confidence. It is because even if they do not make it the right way, yet they feel proud on their artistic creations. Since art is a good start to collaborate (合作)with others, children can easily learn the cultures from different parts of the world.8. Who is the text probably written for?A. Parents.B. Artists.C. Teachers.D. Scientists.9. According to Paragraph 2, kids learning painting.A. gives them pleasurable experiencesB. helps show the feelings in their heartC. offers them a different lifestyle successfullyD. makes them adapt to the competitive society10. Why does art help solve problems?A. It gives people more imagination.B. It makes peoples brains work better.C. It provides more materials to choose from.D. It helps people know more about realistic models.11. During the formal teaching lessons, children creating arts in groups may probably feel.A. creativeB. stressedC. proudD. curiousDWorking with a group of baboons (狒狒)in the Namibian desert, Dry Alicia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel (新奇的)food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The brave baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food just as long as the brave ones did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals. The findings are significant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (认知的)tasks not because they aren't clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through social learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they don't associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on social learning.12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The design of Dry Carters research.B. The results of Dry Carters research.C. The purpose of Dry Carters research.D. The importance of Dry Carters research.13. According to the research, baboons that are more likely to complete a new learningtask are those that.A. has more experienceB. can avoid possible risksC. like to work independentlyD. feel anxious about learning14. Dry Carters experiment shows some of the baboons.A. is intelligent but slow in learningB. is shy but active in social activitiesC. observes others but don't follow themD. performs new tasks but don't concentrate15. Dry Carters findings indicate our culture might be formed through.A. our storing informationB. our learning from each otherC. our understanding different peopleD. our traveling between social groups二、语法填空Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He] (own) a farm, which looked almost _2 (abandon) . Luckily, he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _3_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what _4 (leave) . The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass 5 it began to rain heavily. While _6 (make) great efforts to run away, she fell over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living without the cow. In order to support his family, Mr. Johnson began to plant herbs (药草)and vegetables. Since the J_ (plant) took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees _8 (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market 9 people from the towns met _J_0 (regular).Now it occurred to him that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.1. 2. 3. 4.5.6. 7. 8. 9.10.三、书面表达假定你校讲举行以“My Favorite Sport”为题的英语演讲比赛,请写一篇演讲稿,内容包括:1 .你喜欢的体育运动项R;2 .你喜欢该运动的理由;3 .该运动的考前须知。

初中数学试题分类汇编:分式方程根据解的情况求值问题综合训练1(填空 附答案)

初中数学试题分类汇编:分式方程根据解的情况求值问题综合训练1(填空    附答案)

初中数学试题分类汇编:分式方程根据解的情况求值问题综合训练1(填空 附答案) 1.若分式方程1133a x x x -+=--有增根,则 a 的值是__________________. 2.关于x 的分式方程21+m x =-1的解是负数,则m 的取值范围是_________. 3.若关于x 的分式方程32ax x --=32x -+2有正整数解,则符合条件的非负整数a 的值为_____.4.若关于x 的方程4122a x x =+--无解,则a 的值是______. 5.关于x 的方程1242k x x x -=--的解为正数,则k 的取值范围是____. 6.关于x 的分式方程11222k x x-+=--的解为正实数,则k 的取值范围是________. 7.若关于x 的方程3x m x +-+33m x-=3的解为正数,则m 的取值范围是______. 8.若关于x 的分式方程212x m x +=-+的解是负数,则m 的取值范围是_________________.9.关于x 的方程211x a x +=-的解是正数,则a 的取值范围是_________. 10.若关于x 的方程2222x m x x ++=--的解为正数,则m 的取值范围是_______. 11.若数a 使关于x 的分式方程2311x a x x++=--的解为非负数,且使关于y 的不等式组()3113431220y y y a -+⎧-≥-⎪⎨⎪-<⎩的解集为0y ≤,则符合条件的所有整数a 的积为_____________12.已知关于x 的分式方程233x k x x -=--有一个正数解,则k 的取值范围为________. 13.若关于x 的分式方程x 2322m m x x ++=--的解为正实数,则实数m 的取值范围是____.14.若关于x 的方程1222x m x x-=---的解为正数,则m 的取值范围为_____. 15.已知关于x 的方程341x m x +=-的解是正数,则m 的取值范围为__________. 16.若方程323x x k=++的根为负数,则k 的取值范围是______。

2021年中考语文真题分类训练(综合性学习):传统文化主题(含解析)

2021年中考语文真题分类训练(综合性学习):传统文化主题(含解析)

1.[2021·重庆B]综合性学习(8分)九年级1班将举办“以和为贵”的综合性学习活动,请你参与并完成以下任务。

(1)【知“和”】①写出两个含“和”字的成语。

(不得使用本题涉及的成语)(2分)_______________ _______________②用与“和”相关的历史故事,补写对联。

(2分)上联:将相和有容乃大成经典下联:口口口邻里相让传佳话(2)【用“和”】在活动中,有些问题需要全班讨论。

为避免出现消极应对、恶语伤人等情况,特拟订几条“班级议事规则”,请你给下面的规则补写两条。

要求语言简明。

(4分)【答案】(1)①(2②(2分)六尺巷(2)(4 分)围绕“升级议事规则”来谈,语言简明,每条2分。

示例:①认真倾听他人意见,理解其意图。

②互相尊重,就事论事,不使用侮辱性字眼。

③能包容不同观点,择善而从。

【解析】本题考查综合性学习。

(1)①题考查成语积累,按要求,写出两个含有“和”字的成语,不能使用本题出现的成语,正确书写即可。

②考查对联知识。

根据“邻里相让”可联想到“六尺巷”的故事。

(2)题考查“和”的应用。

根据要求,制订班级议事规则的目的是“为避免出现消极应对、恶语伤人等情况”,要求拟出两条,围绕“积极面对”“文明”“尊重”来回答,语言简练即可。

2. [2021·重庆B]综合性学习(8分)九年级1班将举办“以和为贵”的综合性学习活动,请你参与并完成以下任务。

(1)【知“和”】①写出两个含“和”字的成语。

(不得使用本题涉及的成语)(2分)_______________ _______________②用与“和”相关的历史故事,补写对联。

(2分)上联:将相和有容乃大成经典下联:口口口邻里相让传佳话(2)【用“和”】在活动中,有些问题需要全班讨论。

为避免出现消极应对、恶语伤人等情况,特拟订几条“班级议事规则”,请你给下面的规则补写两条。

要求语言简明。

(4分)【答案】(1)①(2②(2分)六尺巷(2)(4 分)围绕“升级议事规则”来谈,语言简明,每条2分。

2021年中考语文真题分类训练(综合性学习): 地域文化主题(含解析)

2021年中考语文真题分类训练(综合性学习): 地域文化主题(含解析)
2.[2021·衢州]班级开展“身边的文化遗产”综合性学习活动,请你完成以下学习任务。
【材料一】
衢州的烂柯山,是《道书》上所说的“青霞第八洞天”,亦名“景华洞天”的所在,是大家所公认的烂柯故事的发源本土。从衢州的小南门出来,走了十六七里路后就可以到石桥的洞下。洞高二十多丈,宽三十余丈,南北深约三五丈,真像是悬空从山间凿出来的一条石桥,不过平常的桥梁,决没有这样高大的桥洞而已。石桥的上面,仍旧是层层的岩石,洞上一层,也有中空的一条石缝,爬上去俯身一看,是可以看得出天来的,所谓一线天者,就系指这一条小缝而言。石桥下南洞口,有一块圆形岩石蹲伏在那里,石的右旁一个八角亭,就是所谓迟日亭。
松阳的古村落,有一个有趣的现象:山下阳村张氏来自福建泉州,内孟村孟氏是孟子后裔……松阳有百余个村落保留着古代族谱,详细记载了宗族的起源、迁徒、发展脉络。中国历史上几次重要移民活动中,浙西南均是一处重要的避难所,这些多元化的古村落也多由移民繁衍而成,极具历史文化价值。只是,他们费尽心思设计出来的家园,给后人留下了太多谜团。
7.“采取的保护措施”是文化遗产项目推荐的重要内容。请对你所推荐的文化遗产提出三条保护措施。(3分)
(1)提高保护意识。示例:挖掘整理山下阳村(“百廿间”)的历史文化,加大宣传力度,提高人们的保护意识。(2)加强保护力度。示例:杜绝一切破坏山下阳村整体性的行为/及时对“百廿间”实施保护与维修。(3)开发旅游资源。示例:发展山下阳村(“百廿间”)的旅游经济,以旅游收入回馈古村落(古建筑)保护。
1.[2021·丽水]市里将组织评选本市优秀文化遗产项目,请阅读下面这篇文章,完成任务。(11分)
瓯江上游,一片残存的江南田园
在江南文化的核心地带——苏杭地区,田园牧歌式的生活场景日渐消亡。然而,在浙西南(丽水地区)的瓯江上游,却隐藏着两百多座格局完整的传统村落。

中考英语考前综合训练试题分类汇编:词汇运用专题

中考英语考前综合训练试题分类汇编:词汇运用专题

词汇运用专题江苏省无锡市省锡中实验学校2020年中考英语考前综合训练1二、词汇运用:(本大题共8小题,每小题1分,共8分)(A)根据句意和汉语注释,写出单词的正确形式。

1. When shopping online, you need to_____________ (比较) the prices first.2. She was____________ (急躁的) to know what had happened to her son.3. The house is far too expensive, though it's_____________ (无疑地) very comfortable.4. For your own__________(安全), you should walk on the zebra crossing, boys and girls.(B)根据句意,写出括号内所给单词的适当形式。

5. There will be several_____________ (value) works of art in tonight s exhibition.6. WeChat is used___________(wide) in China. It has hundreds of millions of users now.7. She feels really unhappy because the host has____________ (cancel) her speech for no reason.8. I can't believe that Shakespeare____________ (create) so many lively characters in his plays.词汇运用compare impatient certainly safetyvaluable widely cancelled created江苏省无锡市省锡中实验学校2020年中考英语考前综合训练2二、词汇运用:(本大题共8小题,每小题1分,共8分)(A)根据句意和汉语注释,写出单词的正确形式。

初中数学试题分类汇编:一次函数与方程、不等式综合训练1(选择 附答案)

初中数学试题分类汇编:一次函数与方程、不等式综合训练1(选择 附答案)

初中数学试题分类汇编:一次函数与方程、不等式综合训练1(选择附答案)1.若函数y=kx﹣b的图象如图所示,则关于x的不等式kx﹣b>0的解集为()A.x<2 B.x>2 C.x<4 D.x>42.若直线l1经过点(﹣1,0),l2经过点(2,2),且l1与l2关于直线x=1对称,则l1和l2的交点坐标为()A.(1,4)B.(1,2)C.(1,0)D.(1,3)3.如图,若一次函数y=﹣2x+b的图象与两坐标轴分别交于A,B两点,点A的坐标为(0,3),则不等式﹣2x+b>0的解集为()A.x>32B.x<32C.x>3 D.x<34.在同一直角坐标系内,若直线y=2x-1与直线y=-2x+m的交点在第四象限,则m的取值范围是()A.m>—1 B.m<1 C.—1<m<1 D.—1≤m≤1 5.如图,已知直线y1=x+m与y2=kx﹣1相交于点P(﹣1,2),则关于x的不等式x+m <kx﹣1的解集在数轴上表示正确的是()A.B.C.D.6.如图,过A点的一次函数的图象与正比例函数y=2x的图象相交于点B,则这个一次函数的解析式是()7.如图,直线y 1=kx+2与直线y 2=mx 相交于点P(1,m),则不等式mx <kx+2的解集是( )A .x <0B .x <1C .0<x <1D .x >18.若以二元一次方程x +2y ﹣b=0的解为坐标的点(x ,y )都在直线y=﹣12x+b ﹣l 上,则常数b=( )A .12B .2C .﹣1D .19.如图,直线y =kx +b (k ≠0)经过点(-1,3),则不等式kx +b ≥3解集为( )A .x ≤-1B .x ≥-1C .x ≤3D .x ≥310.如图,直线y=ax+b 过点A (0,2)和点B (﹣3,0),则方程ax+b=0的解是( )A .x=2B .x=0C .x=﹣1D .x=﹣311.如图所示,函数1y x =和21433y x =+的图象相交于(–1,1),(2,2)两点.当12y y >时,x 的取值范围是( )12.如图所示,函数y=2x和y=ax+4的图象相交于点A(3 2,3),则关于x的不等式2x≥ax+4的解集为()A.x≤32B.x≤3C.x≥32D.x≥313.直线y=kx+b(k<0)与x轴交于点(3,0),关于x的不等式kx+b>0的解集是()A.x<3 B.x>3 C.x>0 D.x<014.如图,一次函数11y k x b=+,的图象1l与22y k x b=+的图象2l相交于点P,则方程组111222y k x by k x b=+⎧⎨=+⎩的解是()A.23xy=-⎧⎨=⎩B.32xy=⎧⎨=-⎩C.23xy=⎧⎨=⎩D.23xy=-⎧⎨=-⎩15.一次函数y kx b=+(0k≠)的图象如图所示,则关于x的不等式0kx b+>的解集为()A.1x>-B.1x<-C.2x>D.0x>16.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,如果一个点的坐标可以用来表示关于x ,x 的二元一次方程组111222a x b y c a x b y c +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解,那么这个点是A .MB .NC .ED .F17.若直线y=-2x -4与直线y=4x +b 的交点在第三象限,则b 的取值范围是( ) A .-4<b<8 B .-4<b<0 C .b<-4或b>8 D .-4≤6≤818.直线y kx b =+与y mx =在同一平面直角坐标系中的图象如图所示,则关于 x 的不等式kx b mx +≤的解集为( )A .x >﹣2B .x <﹣2C .x ≥﹣1D .x <﹣119.如图,已知一次函数y=k x+b 的图象与x 轴,y 轴分别交于点(2,0),点(0,3).有下列结论:①关于x 的方程0kx b +=的解为2x =;②关于x 的方程3kx b +=的解为0x =;③当2x >时,0y <;④当0x <时,3y <.其中正确的是( )A .①②③B .①③④C .②③④D .①②④20.数形结合是数学解题中常用的思想方法,使用数形结合的方法,很多问题可迎刃而解,且解法简洁.如图,直线y =3x 和直线y =ax +b 交于点(1,3),根据图象分析,方程3x =ax +b 的解为( )A .x =1B .x =﹣1C .x =3D .x =﹣321.如图,在同一直角坐标系中作出一次函数1y k x =与2y k x b =+的图象, 则二元一次方程组21y k x b y k x =+⎧⎨=⎩的解是( )A .20x y =-⎧⎨=⎩B .20x y =⎧⎨=⎩C .12x y =⎧⎨=-⎩D .12x y =⎧⎨=⎩22.如图所示,一次函数y =kx +b (k 、b 为常数,且k ≠0)与正比例函数y =ax (a 为常数,且a ≠0)相交于点P ,则不等式kx +b >ax 的解集是( )A .x >1B .x <1C .x >2D .x <223.已知点A (-1,3),点B (-1,-4),若常数a 使得一次函数y =ax +1与线段AB 有交点,且使得关于x 的不等式组45(3)65425x x a ⎧+≥⎪⎪⎨⎪-<-⎪⎩无解,则所有满足条件的整数a 的个数为( )24.一次函数1y kx b =+与2y x a =+的图象如图所示,有下列结论:①0a >;②0k >;③当4x <时,kx b x a +>+其中正确的结论有( )A .0个B .1个C .2个D .3个25.如图,函数y=2x 和y=ax+4的图象相交于A(m ,3),则不等式2x ax+4<的解集为( )A .3x 2>B .x 3>C .3x 2<D .x 3<26.如图,直线与y 轴交于点(0,3)、与x 轴交于点(a ,0),当a 满足时,k 的取值范围是( )A .B .C .D .27.一次函数y 1=kx +b 与y 2=x +a 的图象如下图所示,则下列结论:①k <0;②a >0;③b >0;④当x <3时,y 1<y 2;其中正确的个数是( )A .1个B .2个C .3个D .4个28.观察图中的函数图象,则关于的不等式的解集为( )A .B .C .D .29.已知一次函数y kx b =+的图象如图所示,当2x <时,y 的取值范围是( )A .4y <-B .40y -<<C .2y <D .0y <30.一次函数1y ax b 与2y cx d =+ 的图象如图所示,下列说法:①0ab < ;②函数y ax d =+ 不经过第一象限;③不等式ax b cx d ++> 的解集是3x < ;④()13a c db -=- .其中正确的个数有( )A .4B .3C .2D .1参考答案1.A【解析】【分析】观察函数图象得到即可.【详解】由图象可得:当2x <时,函数y kx b =-的图象在x 轴的上方,所以关于x 的不等式0kx b ->的解集是2x <,故选:A .【点睛】本题考查了一次函数与不等式(组)的关系及数形结合思想的应用.解决此类问题关键是仔细观察图形,注意几个关键点(交点、原点等),做到数形结合.2.A【解析】【分析】根据对称的性质得出两个点关于直线x =1对称的对称点,再根据待定系数法确定函数关系式,求出交点坐标即可.【详解】解:∵直线l 1经过点(﹣1,0),l 2经过点(2,2),关于直线x =1对称,∴点(﹣1,0)关于直线x =1对称点为(3,0),点(2,2)关于直线x =1对称点为(0,2),∴直线l 1经过点(﹣1,0),(0,2),l 2经过点(2,2),(3,0),∴直线l 1的解析式为:y =2x+2,直线l 2的解析式为:y =﹣2x+6,解方程组2226y x y x =+⎧⎨=-+⎩得,14x y =⎧⎨=⎩∴l 1和l 2的交点坐标为(1,4),故选:A .【点睛】此题主要考查了一次函数图象与几何变换,正确得出l 1与l 2的交点坐标为l 1与l 2与y 轴的交点是解题关键.3.B【解析】【分析】根据点A的坐标找出b值,令一次函数解析式中y=0求出x值,从而找出点B的坐标,观察函数图象,找出在x轴上方的函数图象,由此即可得出结论.【详解】解:∵一次函数y=﹣2x+b的图象交y轴于点A(0,3),∴b=3,令y=﹣2x+3中y=0,则﹣2x+3=0,解得:x=32,∴点B(32,0).观察函数图象,发现:当x<32时,一次函数图象在x轴上方,∴不等式﹣2x+b>0的解集为x<32.故选:B.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数与一元一次不等式,解题的关键是找出交点B的坐标.本题属于基础题,难度不大,解决该题型题目时,根据函数图象的上下位置关系解不等式是关键.4.C【解析】【分析】联立两直线的解析式求出交点坐标,再根据交点在第四象限列出不等式组求解即可.【详解】解:联立方程组212y xy x m=-⎧⎨=-+⎩,解得:1412mxmy+⎧=⎪⎪⎨-⎪=⎪⎩,∵交点在第四象限,∴1412mm+⎧>⎪⎪⎨-⎪<⎪⎩,解得:11m-<<.故选:C.【点睛】本题考查了两直线的交点和一元一次不等式组的解法,属于常考题型,联立两函数解析式求交点坐标是常用的方法,要熟练掌握并灵活应用.5.D【解析】【分析】利用函数图象,找出直线y=x+m在直线y=kx-1的下方所对应的自变量的范围即可【详解】解析根据图象得,当x<-1时,x+m<kx-1故选D【点睛】此题考查在数轴上表示不等式的解集和一次函数与ー元一次不等式,解题关键在于判定函数图象的位置关系6.D【解析】试题分析:∵B点在正比例函数y=2x的图象上,横坐标为1,∴y=2×1=2,∴B(1,2),设一次函数解析式为:y=kx+b,∵过点A的一次函数的图象过点A(0,3),与正比例函数y=2x的图象相交于点B(1,2),∴可得出方程组,解得,则这个一次函数的解析式为y=﹣x+3.故选D.考点:1.待定系数法求一次函数解析式2.两条直线相交或平行问题.7.B【解析】【分析】根据两直线的交点坐标和函数的图象即可求出答案.【详解】解:∵直线y1=kx+2与直线y2=mx相交于点P(1,m),∴不等式mx<kx+2的解集是x<1,故选:B.【点睛】本题考查了对一次函数与一元一次不等式的应用,主要考查学生的观察图形的能力和理解能力,题目比较好,但是一道比较容易出错的题目.8.B【解析】【分析】直线解析式乘以2后和方程联立解答即可.【详解】因为以二元一次方程x+2y﹣b=0的解为坐标的点(x,y)都在直线y=﹣12x+b﹣l上,直线解析式乘以2得2y=﹣x+2b﹣2,变形为:x+2y﹣2b+2=0,所以﹣b=﹣2b+2,解得:b=2,故选B.【点睛】本题考查一次函数与二元一次方程问题,关键是直线解析式乘以2后和方程联立解答.9.B【解析】【分析】结合函数的图象利用数形结合的方法确定不等式的解集即可.【详解】解:观察图象知:当1x -时,3kx b +,故选:B .【点睛】本题考查了一次函数与一元一次不等式的知识,解题的关键是根据函数的图象解答,难度不大.10.D【解析】∵方程ax +b =0的解是直线y =ax +b 与x 轴的交点横坐标,∴方程ax +b =0的解是x =-3.故选D.11.B【解析】试题解析:当x≥0时,y 1=x ,又21433y x =+, ∵两直线的交点为(2,2),∴当x <0时,y 1=-x ,又21433y x =+, ∵两直线的交点为(-1,1),由图象可知:当y 1>y 2时x 的取值范围为:x <-1或x >2.故选B .12.C【解析】【分析】根据函数的图象即可写出不等式的解集.【详解】解:已知函数y=2x和y=ax+4的图象相交于点A(32,3),根据函数图象可以看出,当x=32时,2x=ax+4;当x>32时,2x>ax+4;当x<32时,2x<ax+4;故关于x的不等式2x≥ax+4的解集为32x .故选择C.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数与一元一次不等式,根据函数图像及交点坐标,判断关于x的不等式的解集是解答本题的关键.13.A【解析】【分析】由图知:一次函数与x轴的交点横坐标为3,且函数值y随自变量x的增大而减小,根据图形可判断出解集.【详解】解:直线y=kx+b(k<0)与x轴交于点(3,0),当x=3时,y=0,函数值y随x的增大而减小;根据y随x的增大而减小,因而关于x的不等式kx+b>0的解集是x<3.故选:A.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数与一元一次不等式,由于任何一元一次不等式都可以转化的ax+b>0或ax+b<0(a、b为常数,a≠0)的形式,所以解一元一次不等式可以看作:当一次函数值大于(或小于)0时,求自变量相应的取值范围.14.A【解析】【分析】根据图象求出交点P的坐标,根据点P的坐标即可得出答案.【详解】解:∵由图象可知:一次函数y=k1x+b1的图象l1与y=k2x+b2的图象l2的交点P的坐标是(-2,3),∴方程组111222y k x b y k x b =+⎧⎨=+⎩的解是23x y =-⎧⎨=⎩, 故选A.【点睛】本题考查了对一次函数与二元一次方程组的关系的理解和运用,主要考查学生的观察图形的能力和理解能力,题目比较典型,但是一道比较容易出错的题目.15.A【解析】【分析】直接从一次函数的图象上即可得到答案.【详解】解:由题图可知,当x >﹣1时,y=kx b +>0,则不等式0kx b +>的解集为1x >-.故选A.【点睛】本题主要考查一次函数与不等式,解此题的关键在于从一次函数的图象上获取信息. 16.C【解析】【分析】本题可以通过直线与方程的关系得到两直线都过定点E ,得到本题结论.【详解】解:两直线都过定点E ,所以点E 表示关于x 、y 的二元一次方程组111222a x b y c a x b y c +=⎧⎨+=⎩的解,故选C .【点睛】本题考查的是直线与方程的关系,还可以用解方程组的方法加以解决.【解析】【分析】联立y=-2x-4和y=4x+b,求解得交点坐标,x和y的值都用b来表示,再根据交点坐标在第三象限表明x、y都小于0,即可求得b的取值范围:【详解】解:由244y xy x b=--⎧⎨=+⎩解得4683bxby+⎧=-⎪⎪⎨-⎪=⎪⎩∵交点在第三象限,∴4683bb+⎧-<⎪⎪⎨-⎪<⎪⎩,解得48 bb>-⎧⎨<⎩∴-4<b<8.故选A.18.C【解析】【分析】根据函数图象交点左侧直线y=kx+b图象在直线y=mx图象的下面,即可得出不等式kx+b≤mx 的解集.【详解】解:由图可知,在x≥-1时,直线y=mx在直线y=kx+b上方,关于x的不等式kx+b≤mx的解是x≥-1.故选:C.本题考查了一次函数与一元一次不等式:观察函数图象,比较函数图象的高低(即比较函数值的大小),确定对应的自变量的取值范围.也考查了数形结合的思想.19.A【解析】【分析】根据一次函数的性质及一次函数与一元一次方程的关系对各结论逐一判断即可得答案.【详解】∵一次函数y=k x+b 的图象与x 轴,y 轴分别交于点(2,0),点(0,3),∴x=2时,y=0,x=0时,y=3,∴关于x 的方程0kx b +=的解为2x =;关于x 的方程3kx b +=的解为0x =, ∴①②正确,由图象可知:x>2时,y<0,故③正确,x<0时,y>3,故④错误,综上所述:正确的结论有①②③,故选A.【点睛】本题考查一次函数图象上点的坐标特征及一次函数与一元一次方程的关系,利用数形结合的思想是解题关键.20.A【解析】【分析】根据方程的解即为函数图象的交点横坐标解答.【详解】解:∵直线y =3x 和直线y =ax +b 交于点(1,3)∴方程3x =ax +b 的解为x =1.故选:A .【点睛】本题主要考查了一次函数与一元一次方程.函数图象交点坐标为两函数解析式组成的方程组21.D【解析】【分析】观察图象,直接根据两直线的交点坐标写出方程组的解,即可作答.【详解】解:由题图可知:一次函数1y k x =与2y k x b =+的图象交于(1,2),所以方程组21y k x b y k x =+⎧⎨=⎩的解是:12x y =⎧⎨=⎩; 故选:D .【点睛】函数1y k x =与2y k x b =+的交点坐标就是方程组21y k x b y k x =+⎧⎨=⎩的解,明确此知识点是解题的关键.22.D【解析】分析:以函数的交点为分界线,然后看谁的图像在上面就是谁大.详解:根据函数图像可得:当x >2时,kx+b <ax ,故选C .点睛:本题主要考查的是不等式与函数之间的关系,属于中等难度题型.解决这个问题的关键就是看懂函数图像.23.D【解析】【分析】根据一次函数y=ax+1与线段AB 有交点,求得-2≤a≤5,且a≠0,再解不等式组得18525x x a ⎧≥⎪⎪⎨⎪-⎪⎩< ,由题意得a≤4,据此a 的值为-2,-1,1,2,3,4,即可得整数a 的个数.【详解】解:把点A (﹣1,3)代入y =ax +1得,3=﹣a +1,解得a =﹣2,把点B (﹣1,﹣4)代入y =ax +1得,﹣4=﹣a +1,解得a =5,∵一次函数y =ax +1与线段AB 有交点,∴﹣2≤a ≤5,且a ≠0, 解不等式组45365425x x a ⎧⎛⎫+≥ ⎪⎪⎪⎝⎭⎨⎪--⎪⎩< 得18525x x a ⎧≥⎪⎪⎨⎪-⎪⎩< , ∵不等式组无解,∴a ﹣25 ≤185, 解得:a ≤4,则所有满足条件的整数a 有:﹣2,﹣1,1,2,3,4.故选D .【点睛】本题考查一次函数的图象与性质,解一元一次不等式组,熟练掌握解一元一次不等式组的方法是解题的关键.24.B【解析】【分析】利用一次函数的性质分别判断后即可确定正确的选项.【详解】解:①∵2y x a =+的图象与y 轴的交点在负半轴上,∴a <0,故①错误;②∵1y kx b =+的图象从左向右呈下降趋势,∴k <0,故②错误;③两函数图象的交点横坐标为4,当x <4时,1y kx b =+ 在2y x a =+的图象的上方,即y 1>y 2,故③正确;故选:B.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数与一元一次不等式的关系:从函数的角度看,就是寻求使一次函数y=kx+b的值大于(或小于)0的自变量x的取值范围;从函数图象的角度看,就是确定直线y=kx+b在x轴上(或下)方部分所有的点的横坐标.利用数形结合是解题的关键.25.C【解析】【分析】【详解】解:∵函数y=2x和y=ax+4的图象相交于点A(m,3),∴3=2m,解得m=32.∴点A的坐标是(32,3).∵当3x2<时,y=2x的图象在y=ax+4的图象的下方,∴不等式2x<ax+4的解集为3x2 <.故选C.26.C【解析】【分析】【详解】解:把点(0,3)(a,0)代入,得b=3.则a=,∵,∴,解得:k≥1.故选C.【点睛】本题考查一次函数与一元一次不等式,属于综合题,难度不大.27.B【解析】【分析】根据一次函数12,y kx b y x a =+=+的图象及性质逐一分析可得答案.【详解】解:根据图象1y kx b =+经过第一、二、四象限,∴k <0,b >0, 故①③正确;∵2y x a =+与y 轴负半轴相交,∴a <0, 故②错误;当x <3时,图象1y 在2y 的上方,所以:当x <3时,1y >2y ,故④错误.所以正确的有①③共2个.故选:B .【点睛】本题考查了一次函数图象的性质,一次函数与不等式的关系,准确识图并熟练掌握一次函数的性质是解题的关键.28.D【解析】【分析】根据图象得出两图象的交点坐标是(1,2)和当x <1时,ax <bx+c ,推出x <1时,ax <bx+c ,即可得到答案.【详解】解:由图象可知,两图象的交点坐标是(1,2),当x >1时,ax >bx+c ,∴关于x 的不等式ax-bx >c 的解集为x >1.故选:D .【点睛】本题主要考查对一次函数与一元一次不等式的关系的理解和掌握,能根据图象得出正确结论是解此题的关键.29.D【解析】观察图象得到直线与x轴的交点坐标为(2,0),且图象经过第一、三象限,y随x的增大而增大,所以当x<2时,y<0.【详解】解:∵一次函数y=kx+b与x轴的交点坐标为(2,0),且图象经过第一、三象限,∴y随x的增大而增大,∴当x<2时,y<0.故选:D.【点睛】本题考查了一次函数的性质:一次函数y=kx+b(k、b为常数,k≠0)的图象为直线,当k >0,图象经过第一、三象限,y随x的增大而增大;当k<0,图象经过第二、四象限,y 随x的增大而减小.30.A【解析】【分析】仔细观察图象:①a的正负看函数y1=ax+b图象从左向右成何趋势,b的正负看函数y1=ax+b图象与y轴交点即可;②c的正负看函数y2=cx+d从左向右成何趋势,d的正负看函数y2=cx+d与y轴的交点坐标;③以两条直线的交点为分界,哪个函数图象在上面,则哪个函数值大;④看两直线都在x轴上方的自变量的取值范围.【详解】由图象可得:a<0,b>0,c>0,d<0,∴ab<0,故①正确;函数y=ax+d的图象经过第二,三,四象限,即不经过第一象限,故②正确,由图象可得当x<3时,一次函数y1=ax+b图象在y2=cx+d的图象上方,∴ax+b>cx+d的解集是x<3,故③正确;∵一次函数y1=ax+b与y2=cx+d的图象的交点的横坐标为3,∴3a+b=3c+d∴3a−3c=d−b,∴a−c=13(d−b),故④正确,【点睛】本题考查了一次函数与一元一次不等式,一次函数的图象与性质,利用数形结合是解题的关键.。

生物进行分类练习题

生物进行分类练习题

生物进行分类练习题1. 哪个分类层次最大?
答:域
2. 下面哪个不是一个物种名称?
答:Canis Lupus 犬科狼属
3. 种是由什么构成的?
答:一群能够相互繁殖并产生可育后代的个体。

4. 目是由什么构成的?
答:一群相互关联的科。

5. 种属一词常常使用在什么植物的分类中?答:苔藓植物
6. 分类学中,属是由什么构成的?
答:一个或多个相似的物种的组合。

7. 界是由什么构成的?
答:一组共同特征的目。

8. 哪个分类层次最小?
答:种
9. 种是由什么组成的?
答:属的一个或多个物种。

10. 下面哪个不是一个物种名称?
答:Felis Catus 猫科猫属
11. 亚种是由什么构成的?
答:种的细分群体。

12. 针对物种描述的两个名称分别是什么?答:属名和种加名。

13. 种内的个体间是否可以进行交配?答:是
14. 分类学中,科是由什么构成的?
答:一组相似的属。

15. 目是由什么组成的?
答:一组相似的科。

16. 亚种在分类学中的级别如何?
答:低于种,高于变种
17. 动物界中最基本的分类单位是什么?
答:种
18. 什么是分类学的基本原则?
答:基于生物物种之间的相似性和差异性进行分类。

19. 针对生物分类的七个主要分类等级是什么?
答:域,界,门,纲,目,科,属,种。

20. 掌握生物分类有什么实际应用?
答:有助于对生物多样性的研究和保护,以及在农业、药学、生物医学研究等领域的应用。

以上是关于生物进行分类的练习题,希望对您的学习有所帮助。

学习分类的乐趣练习题

学习分类的乐趣练习题

学习分类的乐趣练习题一、单选题1.以下哪个不属于动物?A. 狗B. 桌子C. 猫D. 鱼2.以下哪个不属于家具?A. 椅子B. 书桌C. 电视机D. 床3.以下哪个是水果?A. 沙发B. 苹果C. 电脑D. 衣服4.以下哪个是交通工具?A. 橘子B. 自行车C. 报纸D. 钢琴5.以下哪个是学科类别?A. 历史B. 果蔬C. 音乐D. 毛笔二、填空题1. 水果分类:水果可以分为____________和_____________。

2. 动物分类:哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、昆虫是动物的不同____________。

3. 学科分类:学科可以分为______________和_____________。

4. 衣服分类:衣服可以分为男装、女装和_____________等。

三、辨别题判断下列词语是否属于同一类别,是则打“√”,否则打“×”。

1. 苹果、香蕉、橙子、椅子2. 狗、猫、鸟、鱼3. 数学、历史、物理、篮球4. 红色、黄色、蓝色、香蕉四、归类题请将下列物品归类。

1. 汽车、自行车、摩托车2. 苹果、香蕉、橙子3. 英语、数学、历史4. 裤子、衬衫、裙子五、解答题1. 动物分类:以你了解的动物为例,简单介绍一下它们的分类特点。

2. 衣服分类:以你所穿的衣物为例,简单介绍一下它们的分类方式。

六、创作题写一篇关于学习分类的乐趣的作文,至少包含以下内容:- 学习分类的重要性- 学习分类的好处- 你喜欢的一种分类方式- 你的分类方法和经验分享写作要求:- 字数不少于800字- 应用适当的段落和过渡词,使文章通顺、连贯- 注意语法和标点的正确使用- 可以适当结合个人经验和观点进行阐述,提高文章的可读性以上为学习分类的乐趣练习题,可以帮助你巩固分类能力,提升学习效果。

祝你学习愉快!。

人教版七年级上册生物第二单元第一章植物的类群综合训练(含答案)

人教版七年级上册生物第二单元第一章植物的类群综合训练(含答案)

人教版七年级上册生物第二单元第一章植物的类群综合训练一、选择题1.水杉是校园内的常见树种。

某同学从《植物志》上检索到它在生物分类上属于裸子植物,你认为它属于裸子植物的主要依据是()A.能进行光合作用B.有根、茎、叶的分化C.能开花、结果D.种子外面无果皮包被2.如果鱼缸长期不换水,鱼缸内壁上就会长出绿膜,水会变成绿色。

这些绿膜可能是哪种植物?()A.藻类植物B.苔藓植物C.蕨类植物D.被子植物3.小华在观察藻类植物、苔藓植物和蕨类植物时,发现它们的共同特征是()A.都能进行光合作用B.都没有根、茎、叶的分化C.都是多细胞植物D.都是通过种子进行繁殖4.“树木丛生,百草丰茂”形象地描绘了生物圈中绿色植物的繁茂景象。

下列有关绿色植物的描述中,错误的是()A.“青苔满阶梯”描述的植物可作为监测空气污染程度的指示植物B.葫芦藓的茎中的导管属于输导组织C.水杉、银杏都属于裸子植物,银杏树上的“白果”不是果实D.被子植物是植物界等级最高的类群5.校园里生长着许多形态各异的植物。

下列关于植物主要类群的叙述错误的是()A.藻类植物结构简单,无根、茎、叶等器官B.苔藓植物植株矮小,具有茎、叶和细丝状假根C.蕨类植物有根茎叶分化且根茎叶中有输导组织D.种子植物能产生种子,种子中都有胚和胚乳6.红豆是双子叶植物种子,它的胚由______组成()A.胚芽、胚轴、胚根、子叶B.胚芽、胚轴、胚根、胚乳C.胚芽、胚根、子叶、种皮D.胚芽、胚根、胚乳、子叶7.鱼缸长期不换水,内壁上就会长出绿膜.这些绿膜最有可能是()A.藻类植物B.苔藓植物C.蕨类植物D.种子植物8.如图是菜豆种子结构示意图,下列判断正确的是()A.菜豆是单子叶植物B.完整的胚由①、②、④组成C.将来发育成叶的结构是图中的③D.在种子萌发过程中,提供营养物质的是图中⑤子叶9.在观察玉米种子结构的实验中,纵切后滴加碘液,变蓝的部分是()A.胚芽B.胚根C.胚乳D.子叶10.“白日不到处,青春恰自来。

快乐读名著,轻松迎中考之《红星照耀中国》习题分类训练 答案

快乐读名著,轻松迎中考之《红星照耀中国》习题分类训练 答案

《红星照耀中国》习题分类训练答案(一)综合题:1(1)《西行漫记》埃德加·斯诺中国共产党及其领导的红色革命;(2) D。

2.(1)中国革命、中国共产党(2)白求恩(二)填空题:1.《西行漫记》,美,埃德加·斯诺, 1936.6------1936.102. 不拿贫农一点东西3. 毛泽东,个人的成长轨迹,周恩来,八一起义。

(三)选择题1.D2.C3.D4.B5.B6.B7.D8.A(四)简答题1.答:①乐观、豁达、勇敢的精神品质。

②彭德怀大公无私,他唯一的个人衣服,就是这件用缴获的降落伞做成的背心。

他为这件战利品而孩子气地得意,表现了他率真的个性,作者是很欣赏的。

③“兔子一般窜了出去”,抢先到达山顶,不仅表现彭德怀身体健康、动作敏捷,还体现了他作为一名统率大军的指挥员不失活泼、天真的个性。

2答案:毛泽东、朱德、周恩来、博古、张闻天、彭德怀、贺龙、徐向前、徐海东等。

3.答:埃德加·斯诺《西行漫记》,尼姆·威尔斯《续西行漫记》,哈里森·福尔曼《北行漫记》。

4.答:红军一共爬过 18 座山脉,渡过24 条河流,经过12个省份,占领过 62 座大小城市,突破 10 个地方军阀军队的包围,开进和顺利穿过6个不同的少数民族地区。

5.答:一九三七年十月,《红星闪耀中国》一书在伦敦出版。

当时作者正在被日控制的上海,想要在国内公开出版是不可能的。

但在中共地下组织的的帮助下,经过修改,将书名改为《西行漫记》作为掩护出版。

不到几个月就轰动了国内外华侨并重印发行多次。

直到现在,虽然不用再用这个隐晦的名字,但为了保证初版的本来面目,现在的重印本仍采用这个名字。

6.答:①贺龙是个大个子,像只老虎一样强壮有力。

他已年过半百,但仍很健康。

他不知疲倦。

②贺龙对有钱人的仇视,据说,如果贺龙还在二百里外的地方,地主士绅都要闻风逃跑,哪怕有南京军队重兵驻守的地方也是如此,因为他以行军神出鬼没著称。

二次函数综合题存在性问题分类训练(9种类型)(学生版)--2023-2024学年九年级数学上册重难点

二次函数综合题存在性问题分类训练(9种类型)(学生版)--2023-2024学年九年级数学上册重难点

二次函数综合题存在性问题分类训练(9种类型)【类型一存在性之等腰三角形】1如图,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=14x2+bx+c与x轴交于点A,B,与y轴交于点C,其中B3,0,C0,-3.(1)求该抛物线的表达式;(2)点P是直线AC下方抛物线上一动点,过点P作PD⊥AC于点D,求PD的最大值及此时点P的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,将该抛物线向右平移5个单位,点E为点P的对应点,平移后的抛物线与y轴交于点F,Q为平移后的抛物线的对称轴上任意一点.写出所有使得以QF为腰的△QEF是等腰三角形的点Q的坐标,并把求其中一个点Q的坐标的过程写出来.2如图,已知抛物线y=ax2+bx+4(a≠0)与x轴交于A-1,0,B2,0两点,与y轴交于点C.(1)求抛物线的解析式及点C的坐标;(2)若F为抛物线上一点,连接BC,是否存在以BC为底的等腰△BCF?若存在,请求出点F的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.3如图,已知抛物线y=-x2+bx+c经过B-3,0两点,与x轴的另一个交点为A.,C0,3(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)在抛物线对称轴上找一点E,使得AE+CE的值最小,求出点E的坐标;(3)设点P为x轴上的一个动点,是否存在使△BPC为等腰三角形的点P,若存在,直接写出点P的坐标;若不存在,说明理由.4如图,已知抛物线y=-x2+bx+c经过B(-3,0),C(0,3)两点,与x轴的另一个交点为A.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)若直线y=mx+n经过B,C两点,则m=;n=;(3)在抛物线对称轴上找一点E,使得AE+CE的值最小,直接写出点E的坐标;(4)设点P为x轴上的一个动点,是否存在使△BPC为等腰三角形的点P,若存在,直接写出点P的坐标;若不存在,说明理由.【类型二存在性之直角三角形】5如图,在平面直角坐标系中,一次函数y=12x-2的图象分别交x轴、y轴于点A、B,抛物线y=x2+bx+c经过点A、B,E是线段OA的中点.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)点F是抛物线上的动点,当∠OEF=∠BAE时,求点F的横坐标;(3)在抛物线上是否存在点P,使得△ABP是以点A为直角顶点的直角三角形,若存在,请求出P点坐标,若不存在,请说明理由.(4)抛物线上(AB下方)是否存在点M,使得∠ABM=∠ABO?若存在,求出点M到y轴的距离,若不存在,请说明理由.6如图,已知抛物线y=x2+bx+c的对称轴为直线x=2,与y轴交于点C0,3,与x轴交于点A和点B.(1)求抛物线的解析式和点A、B的坐标;(2)设点P为抛物线的对称轴直线x=2上的一个动点,求使△PBC为直角三角形的点P的坐标.7如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=x2+bx-3与直线l:y=x+1交于A,B两点,点A的坐标为-1,0.(1)求抛物线的解析式及点B的坐标;(2)已知抛物线与x轴有2个交点,右侧交点为C,点P为线段AB上任意一点(不含端点),若△PBC是以点P为直角顶点的直角三角形,求点P的坐标.8如图,一次函数y=12x+1的图象与x轴交于点A,与y轴交于点B,二次函数y=12x2+bx+c的图象与一次函数y=12x+1的图象交于B、C两点,与x轴交于D、E两点,且D点坐标为1,0.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)在x轴上找一点P,使|PB-PC|最大,求出点P的坐标;(3)在x轴上是否存在点P,使得△PBC是以点P为直角顶点的直角三角形?若存在,求出点P的坐标,若不存在,请说明理由.【类型三存在性之等腰直角三角形】9如图,抛物线与x轴交于A、B两点,与y轴交于点C,且OA=2,OB=4,OC=8,抛物线的对称轴与直线BC交于点M,与x轴交于点N.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)若点P是对称轴上的一个动点,是否存在以P、C、M为顶点的三角形与△MNB相似?若存在,求出点P的坐标,若不存在,请说明理由.(3)点Q是抛物线上位于x轴上方的一点,点R在x轴上,是否存在以点Q为直角顶点的等腰Rt△CQR?若存在,求出点Q的坐标,若不存在,请说明理由.10如图1,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=-23x2+43x+2与x轴交于A、B两点(点A在点B的左侧),与y轴交于点C,点P为直线BC上方抛物线上一动点.(1)求直线BC的解析式;(2)过点A作AD∥BC交抛物线于D,连接CA,CD,PC,PB,记四边形ACPB的面积为S1,△BCD的面积为S2,当S1-S2的值最大时,求P点的坐标和S1-S2的最大值;(3)如图2,将抛物线水平向右平移,使得平移后的抛物线经过点O,G为平移后的抛物线的对称轴直线l上一动点,将线段AC沿直线BC平移,平移过程中的线段记为A′C′(线段A'C'始终在直线l左侧),是否存在以A′,C′,G为顶点的等腰直角△A′C′G?若存在,请写出满足要求的所有点G的坐标并写出其中一种结果的求解过程,若不存在,请说明理由.11如图所示,抛物线与x轴交于A、B两点,与y轴交于点C,且OA=2,OB=4,OC=8,抛物线的对称轴与直线BC交于点M,与x轴交于点N.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)若点P是对称轴上的一个动点,是否存在以P、C、M为顶点的三角形与△MNB相似?若存在,求出点P的坐标,若不存在,请说明理由.(3)D为CO的中点,一个动点G从D点出发,先到达x轴上的点E,再走到抛物线对称轴上的点F,最后返回到点C.要使动点G走过的路程最短,请找出点E、F的位置,写出坐标,并求出最短路程.(4)点Q是抛物线上位于x轴上方的一点,点R在x轴上,是否存在以点Q为直角顶点的等腰Rt△CQR?若存在,求出点Q的坐标,若不存在,请说明理由.12如图,在平面直角坐标系中,将一等腰直角三角板ABC放在第二象限,且斜靠在两坐标轴上,其中A的坐标为(0,2),直角顶点C的坐标为(-1,0),点B在抛物线y=ax2+ax-2上.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)设抛物线的顶点为D,连结BD、CD,求△DBC的面积;(3)在抛物线上是否还存在点P(点B除外),使△ACP仍然是以AC为直角边的等腰直角三角形?若存在,请直接写出所有点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.【类型四存在性之平行四边形】13在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0)经过点(-1,0),(3,0)和0,3.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若直线x=m与x轴交于点N,在第一象限内与抛物线交于点M,当AN+MN有最大值时,求出抛物线上点M的坐标;(3)若点P为抛物线y=ax2+bx+c(a≠0))的对称轴上一动点,将抛物线向左平移1个单位长度后,Q为平移后抛物线上一动点,在(2)的条件下求得的点M,是否能与A,P,Q构成平行四边形?若能构成,求出Q点坐标;若不能构成,请说明理由.14如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线y=x2+bx+c与x轴交于A、B两点,与y轴交于点C,对称轴为直线x=2,点A的坐标为(1,0).(1)求该抛物线的表达式及顶点坐标;(2)在直线BC的下方的抛物线上存在一点M,使得△BCM的面积最大,请求出点M的坐标(3)点F是抛物线上的动点,点D是抛物线顶点坐标,作EF∥AD交x轴于点E,是否存在点F,使得以A、D、E、F为顶点的四边形是平行四边形?若存在,请写出所有符合条件的点F的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.15如图,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=12x2+bx+c(b、c为常数)的顶点坐标为32,-258,与x轴交于A、B两点(点A在点B左侧),与y轴交于点C,点C,点D关于x轴对称,连接AD,作直线BD.(1)求b、c的值;(2)求点A、B的坐标;(3)求证:∠ADO=∠DBO;(4)点P在抛物线y=-12x2+bx+c上,点Q在直线BD上,当以点C、D、P、Q为顶点的四边形为平行四边形时,直接写出点Q的坐标.16如图,抛物线y=ax2+2ax+c与y轴负半轴交于点C,与x轴交于A,B两点,点A在点B左侧,点B的坐标为(1,0),OC=3OB.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)若点D是第三象限抛物线上的动点,连接AC,当△ACD的面积为3时,求出此时点D的坐标;(3)将抛物线y=ax2+2ax+c向右平移2个单位,平移后的抛物线与原抛物线相交于点M,N在原抛物线的对称轴上,H为平移后的抛物线上一点,当以A、M、H、N为顶点的四边形是平行四边形时,请直接写出点H的坐标.【类型五存在性之菱形】17如图,抛物线y=ax2+bx+c过点A-1,0.,B3,0,C0,3(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)设点P是直线BC上方抛物线上一点,求出△PBC的最大面积及此时点P的坐标;(3)若点M是抛物线对称轴上一动点,点N为坐标平面内一点,是否存在以BC为边,点B、C、M、N为顶点的四边形是菱形,若存在,请直接写出点N的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.18综合与探究:如图,已知抛物线y=-38x2+94x+6与x轴交于A,B两点(点A在点B的左边),与y轴交于点C.直线BC与抛物线的对称轴交于点E.将直线BC沿射线CO方向向下平移n个单位,平移后的直线与直线AC 交于点F,与抛物线的对称轴交于点D.(1)求出点A,B,C的坐标,并直接写出直线AC,BC的解析式;(2)当△CDB是以BC为斜边的直角三角形时,求出n的值;(3)直线BC上是否存在一点P,使以点D,E,F,P为顶点的四边形是菱形?若存在,请直接写出点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.19如图,直线y =mx +n m ≠0 .与抛物线y =-x 2+bx +c 交于A -1,0 ,B 2,3 两点.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)若点C 在抛物线上,且△ABC 的面积为3,求点C 的坐标;(3)若点P 在抛物线上,PQ ⊥OA 交直线AB 于点Q ,点M 在坐标平面内,当以B ,P ,Q ,M 为顶点的四边形是菱形时,请直接写出点M 的坐标.20如图1,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=-32x2+32x+3与x轴交于点A和点B(点A在点B左侧),与y轴交于点C.(1)求直线BC的解析式;(2)点P是直线BC上方抛物线上的一动点,过点P作y轴的平行线交BC于点D,过点P作x轴的平行线交BC于点E,求PE+3PD的最大值及此时点P的坐标;(3)如图2,在(2)中PE+3PD取得最大值的条件下,将抛物线y=-32x2+32x+3沿着射线CB方向平移得到新抛物线y ,且新抛物线y 经过线段BC的中点F,新抛物线y 与y轴交于点M,点N为新抛物线y 对称轴上一点,点Q为坐标平面内一点,若以点P,Q,M,N为顶点的四边形是以PN为边的菱形,写出所有符合条件的点Q的坐标,并写出求解点Q的坐标的其中一种情况的过程.【类型六存在性之矩形】21如图①,抛物线y=ax2+x+c a≠0与x轴交于A(-2,0),B(6,0)两点,与y轴交于点C,点P是第一象限内抛物线上的一个动点,过点P作PD⊥x轴,垂足为点D,PD交直线BC于点E,设点P的横坐标为m.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)如图②.过点P作PF⊥CE,垂足为点F,当CF=EF时,请求出m的值;(3)如图③,连接CP,当四边形OCPD是矩形时,在抛物线的对称轴上存在点Q,使原点O关于直线CQ的对称点O 恰好落在该矩形对角线所在的直线上,请直接写出满足条件的点Q的坐标.22已知抛物线y =ax 2+bx -4a ≠0 交x 轴于点A 4,0 和点B -2,0 ,交y 轴于点C .(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)如图,点P 是抛物线上位于直线AC 下方的动点,过点P 分别作x 轴、y 轴的平行线,交直线AC 于点D ,交x 轴于点E ,当PD +PE 取最大值时,求点P 的坐标及PD +PE 最大值.(3)在抛物线上是否存在点M ,对于平面内任意点N ,使得以A 、C 、M 、N 为顶点且AC 为一条边的四边形为矩形,若存在,请直接写出M 、N 的坐标,不存在,请说明理由.23综合与探究如图,抛物线y=ax2-3x+c a≠0与x轴交于A(4,0),C两点,交y轴于点B(0,-4),点P为y轴右侧抛物线上的一个动点.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)当P在AB下方时,求△ABP面积的最大值;(3)当∠ABP=15°时,△BOP的面积为;(4)点M为抛物线对称轴上的一点,点N为平面内一点,是否存点M、点N,使得以A、B、M、N为顶点的四边形是矩形?若存在,请直接写出点M的坐标;如不存在,请说明理由.24如图,直线y=43x+4与x轴交于点A,与y轴交于点C,抛物线y=ax2-83x+c(a≠0)经过A,C两点,交x轴的正半轴于点B,连接BC.(1)求抛物线的解析式.(2)点P在抛物线上,连接PB,当∠PBC=45°时,求点P的坐标;(3)已知点M从点B出发,以每秒1个单位长度的速度沿BA运动,同时点N从点O出发,以每秒3个单位长度的速度沿OC,CA运动.当点M,N运动到某一时刻时,在坐标平面内是否存在点D,使得以A,M,N,D为顶点的四边形是矩形?若存在,请直接写出点D的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.【类型七存在性之正方形】25如图,抛物线y=-14x2+bx+c的对称轴与x轴交于点A1,0,与y轴交于点B0,3,C为该抛物线图象上的一个动点.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)如图,当点C在第一象限,且∠BAC=90°,求ACAB的值;(3)点D在抛物线上(点D在点C的左侧,不与点B重合),点P在坐标平面内,问是否存在正方形ACPD?若存在,请直接写出点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.26综合与探究如图,抛物线y=ax2+bx+6与x轴交于A-2,0,B4,0两点,与y轴交于点C,直线y=23x-4与x轴交于点D,与y轴交于点E.若M为第一象限内抛物线上一点,过点M且垂直于x轴的直线交DE于点N,连接MC,MD.(1)求抛物线的函数表达式及D,E两点的坐标.(2)当CM=EN时,求点M的横坐标.(3)G为平面直角坐标系内一点,是否存在点M使四边形MDEG是正方形.若存在,请直接写出点G的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.27如图,已知直线y=-x+4与抛物线y=ax2+bx交于点A4,0两点,点P为抛物线上和B-1,5一动点,过点P作x轴的垂线,交直线AB于Q,PN⊥AB于点N.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)当点P在直线AB下方时,求线段PN的最大值;(3)是否存在点P使得△ABP是直角三角形,若存在,请求出点P坐标,若不存在,请说明理由;(4)坐标轴上是否存在点M,使得以点P,N,Q,M为顶点的四边形是正方形,若存在,请直接写出点M的坐标,若不存在,请说明理由28如图,抛物线y=-12x2+bx+c与x轴交于点A和点B4,0,与y轴交于点C0,4,点E在抛物线上.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)点E在第一象限内,过点E作EF∥y轴,交BC于点F,作EH∥x轴,交抛物线于点H,点H在点E的左侧,以线段EF,EH为邻边作矩形EFGH,当矩形EFGH的周长为11时,求线段EH的长;(3)点M在直线AC上,点N在平面内,当四边形OENM是正方形时,请直接写出点N的坐标.【类型八存在性之相似三角形】29如图,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=ax2+bx-2与x轴交于点A,B,与y轴交于点C,经过点x+2交抛物线于点D,点D与点A的横坐标互为相反数,P是抛物线上一动点,连接A的直线y=-12AC.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若点P在第一象限内的抛物线上,当∠PBA=2∠BAD时,求直线BP的表达式;(3)点Q在y轴上,若△DQP∽△COA,请直接写出点P的坐标.30如图,已知抛物线过三点O0,0,弧AB过线段OA的中点C,若点E为弧AB,B2,23,A8,0所在圆的圆心.(1)求该抛物线的解析式.(2)求圆心点E的坐标,并判断点E是否在这条抛物线上.(3)若弧BC的中点为P,是否在x轴上存在点M,使得△APB与△AMP相似?若存在,请求出点M的坐标,若不存在说明理由.31如图,在直角坐标系中有一直角三角形AOB,O为坐标原点,OA=1,tan∠BAO=3,将此三角形绕原点O逆时针旋转90°,得到△DOC,抛物线y=ax2+bx+c经过点A、B、C.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)若点P是第二象限内抛物线上的动点,其横坐标为t,①是否存在一点P,使△PCD的面积最大?若存在,求出△PCD的面积的最大值;若不存在,请说明理由.②设抛物线对称轴l与x轴交于一点E,连接PE,交CD于F,直接写出当△CEF与△COD相似时,点P的坐标;32如图,抛物线y=12x2+mx+n与x轴交于A,B两点,与y轴交于点C,抛物线的对称轴交x轴于点D,已知A-4,0,C0,-2.(1)求抛物线和直线AC的函数解析式;(2)若点E是线段AC上的一个动点,过点E作x轴的垂线与抛物线相交于点F,求四边形CDAF的最大面积;(3)在抛物线的对称轴上找一点P,使得以A、D、P为顶点的三角形与△OAC相似,请直接写出点P的坐标.【类型九存在性之角度问题】33如图,抛物线y=ax2+bx+2经过A-1,0为抛物线上、B4,0两点,与y轴交于点C,点D x,y 第一象限内的一个动点.(1)求抛物线所对应的函数表达式;(2)当△BCD的面积为4时,求点D的坐标;(3)该抛物线上是否存在点D,使得∠DCB=2∠ABC,若存在,求点D的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.34如图,抛物线y=ax2+bx-1a≠0与x轴交于点A1,0和点B,与y轴交于点C,抛物线的对称轴交x轴于点D3,0,过点B作直线l⊥x轴,过点D作DE⊥CD,交直线l于点E.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)如图,点P为第三象限内抛物线上的点,连接CE和BP交于点Q,当BQPQ=57时.求点P的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,连接AC,在直线BP上是否存在点F,使得∠DEF=∠ACD+∠BED?若存在,请直接写出点F的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.35如图,在平面直角坐标系xoy中,顶点为M的抛物线y=ax2+bx a>0经过点A(-1,3)和x轴正半轴上的点B,AO=OB.(1)求这条抛物线的表达式;(2)联结OM,求∠AOM的度数;(3)联结AM、BM、AB,若在坐标轴上存在一点P,使∠OAP=∠ABM,求点P的坐标.36如图,在平面直角坐标系中,已知抛物线y=ax2+bx-2(a≠0)与x轴交于A1,0两点,,B3,0与y轴交于点C,其顶点为点D,点E的坐标为0,-1,该抛物线与BE交于另一点F,连接BC.(1)求该抛物线的解析式.(2)一动点M从点D出发,以每秒1个单位的速度沿与y轴平行的方向向上运动,连接OM,BM,设运动时间为t秒(t>0),在点M的运动过程中,当t为何值时,∠OMB=90°?(3)在x轴上方的抛物线上,是否存在点P,使得∠PBF被BA平分?若存在,请直接写出点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.。

苏科版数学七年级上册第四章《一元一次方程》应用题分类:行程类综合练习(一)

苏科版数学七年级上册第四章《一元一次方程》应用题分类:行程类综合练习(一)

七年级上册数学试题:《一元一次方程》行程类问题专练1.列方程解应用题:为了参加2019年广州马拉松比赛,爸爸与小明在足球场进行耐力训练,他们在400米的环形跑道上同一起点沿同一方向同时出发进行绕圈跑,爸爸跑完一圈时,小明才跑完半圈,4分钟时爸爸第一次追上小明,请问:(1)小明与爸爸的速度各是多少?(2)再过多少分钟后,爸爸在第二次追上小明前两人相距50米?2.甲骑电瓶车,乙骑自行车从相距17km的两地相向而行.(1)甲、乙同时出发经过0.5h相遇,且甲每小时行程是乙每小时行程的3倍少6km.求乙骑自行车的速度.(2)若甲、乙骑行速度保持与(1)中的速度相同,乙先出发0.5h,甲才出发,问甲出发几小时后两人相遇?3.某中学学生步行到郊外旅行,七年级(1)班学生组成前队,步行速度为4千米/小时,七(2)班的学生组成后队,速度为6千米/小时;前队出发1小时后,后队才出发,同时后队派一名联络员骑自行车在两队之间不间断地来回联络,他骑车的速度为10千米/小时.(1)后队追上前队需要多长时间?(2)后队追上前队的时间内,联络员走的路程是多少?(3)七年级(1)班出发多少小时后两队相距2千米?4.甲、乙两支“徒步队”到野外沿相同路线徒步,徒步的路程为24千米.甲队步行速度为4千米/时,乙队步行速度为6千米/时.甲队出发1小时后,乙队才出发,同时乙队派一名联络员跑步在两队之间来回进行一次联络(不停顿),他跑步的速度为10千米/时.(1)乙队追上甲队需要多长时间?(2)联络员从出发到与甲队联系上后返回乙队时,他跑步的总路程是多少?(3)从甲队出发开始到乙队完成徒步路程时止,何时两队间间隔的路程为1千米?5.甲乙两车分别相距360km的A,B两地出发,甲车的速度为65km/h,乙车的速度为55km/h.两车同时出发,相向而行,求经过多少小时后两车相距60km.6.轮船和汽车都往甲地开往乙地,海路比公路近40千米.轮船上午7点开出,速度是每小时24千米.汽车上午10点开出,速度为每小时40千米,结果同时到达乙地.求甲、乙两地的海路和公路长.7.小毅和小明同时从学校出发沿同一路线到科技馆参加活动,小毅每小时走6千米,小明每小时走8千米,走了1小时后,小明忘带材料返回学校取材料,立即按原路去追小毅.(1)小明返回到学校时,小毅离学校多远?(2)小明从返回到学校要多长时间能追上小毅?8.列方程解应用题:(1)小明每天早上要在7:50之前赶到距家1000m的学校上学.一天,小明以80m/min 的速度出发,5min后,小明的爸爸发现他忘了带语文书.于是,爸爸立即以180m/min 的速度去追小明,并且在中途追上了他①爸爸追上小明用了多长时间?②追上小明时,距离学校还有多远?(2)一件商品按成本价提高20%后标价,又以9折销售,售价为270元,这种商品的成本价是多少元?9.A、B两地相距216千米,甲、乙分别在A、B两地,若甲骑车的速度为15千米/时,乙骑车的速度为12千米/时.1)甲、乙同时出发,背向而行,问几小时后他们相距351千米?2)甲、乙相向而行,甲出发三小时后乙才出发,问乙出发几小时后两人相遇?3)甲、乙相向而行,要使他们相遇于AB的中点,乙要比甲先出发几小时?4)甲、乙同时出发,相向而行,甲到达B处,乙到达A处都分别立即返回,几小时后相遇?相遇地点距离A有多远?10.问题一:如图①,已知AC=160km,甲,乙两人分别从相距30km的A,B两地同时出发到C地.若甲的速度为80km/h,乙的速度为60km/h,设乙行驶时间为x(h),两车之间距离为y(km)(1)当甲追上乙时,x=.(2)请用x的代数式表示y.问题二:如图②,若将上述线段AC弯曲后视作钟表外围的一部分,线段AB正好对应钟表上的弧AB(1小时的间隔),易知∠AOB=30°.(1)分针OD指向圆周上的点的速度为每分钟转动km,时针OE指向圆周上的点的速度为每分钟转动°;(2)若从2:00起计时,求几分钟后分针与时针第一次重合?参考答案1.解:(1)设小明的速度为x米/分钟,则爸爸的速度为2x米/分钟,根据题意得:4(2x﹣x)=400,解得:x=100,则2x=200.答:小明的速度为100米/分,爸爸的速度为200米/分.(2)设再经过y分钟后,爸爸在第二次追上小明前两人相距50米,①爸爸第一次追上小明后,在第二次相遇前,爸爸又比小明多跑了50米,根据题意得:200y﹣100y=50,解得y=;②爸爸第一次追上小明后,在第二次相遇前,爸爸又比小明多跑了350米,根据题意得:200y﹣100y=350,解得y=.答:再过或分钟后,爸爸在第二次追上小明前两人相距50米.2.解:(1)设乙骑自行车的速度为xkm/h,则甲骑电瓶车的速度为(3x﹣6)km/h,根据题意得:0.5(x+3x﹣6)=17,解得:x=10,则乙骑自行车的速度为10km/h;(2)设甲出发y小时后两人相遇,根据题意得:10(y+0.5)+24y=17,解得:y=,则甲出发小时后两人相遇.3.解:(1)设后队追上前队需要x小时,根据题意得:(6﹣4)x=4×1∴x=2答:后队追上前队需要2小时,(2)10×2=20千米答:联络员走的路程是20千米,(3)设七年级(1)班出发t小时后,两队相距2千米,当七年级(2)班没有出发时,t==,当七年级(2)班出发,但没有追上七年级(1)班时,4t=6(t﹣1)+2 ∴t=2,当七年级(2)班追上七年级(1)班后,6(t﹣1)=4t+2∴t=4,答:七年级(1)班出发小时或2小时或4小时后,两队相距2千米.4.解:(1)设乙队追上甲队需要x小时,根据题意得:6x=4(x+1),解得:x=2.答:乙队追上甲队需要2小时.(2)设联络员追上甲队需要y小时,10y=4(y+1),∴y=,设联络员从甲队返回乙队需要a小时,6(+a)+10a=×10,∴a=,∴联络员跑步的总路程为10(+)=答:他跑步的总路程是千米.(3)要分三种情况讨论:设t小时两队间间隔的路程为1千米,则①当甲队出发不到1h,乙队还未出发时,甲队与乙队相距1km.由题意得4t=1,解得t=0.25.②当甲队出发1小时后,相遇前与乙队相距1千米,由题意得:6(t﹣1)﹣4(t﹣1)=4×1﹣1,解得:t=2.5.③当甲队出发1小时后,相遇后与乙队相距1千米,由题意得:6(t﹣1)﹣4(t﹣1)═4×1+1,解得:t=3.5.答:0.25小时或2.5小时或3.5小时两队间间隔的路程为1千米.5.解:设x h后两车相距60 km,相遇前,根据题意得,65x+55x=360﹣60,解得x=2.5,相遇后,根据题意得,65x+55x=360+60,解得x=3.5,答:经过2.5h或3.5h后两车相距60 km.6.解:设公路长x千米,则海路长(x﹣40)千米,﹣(10﹣7)=,解得x=280,280﹣40=240,答:公路长280千米,海路长240千米;解法二:设汽车行驶x小时,则轮船行驶(x+3)小时,40x=24(x+3)+40,解得x=7.公路长40x=280 千米,海路长24(x+3)=240 千米答:公路长280千米,海路长240千米.7.解:(1)小明返校时两人各自都走了2小时,所以小毅离开学校距离为:2×6=12(千米)(2)设小明返校后x小时追上小毅,由题意得:8x=6 (x+2)解得:x=6.答:小明返回到学校时,小毅离学校12千米小明返校后6小时追上小毅.8.(1)解:①设爸爸追上小明用了xmin.根据题意,得 180x=80x+80×5化简,得 100x=400x=4答:爸爸追上小明用了4min.②180×4=720(m)1000﹣720=280(m)答:追上小明时,距离学校还有280m.(2)解:设这种商品的成本价为x元,依题意得:x(1+20%)×90%=270,解得:x=250.答:这种商品的成本价是250元.9.解:(1)设x小时后他们相距351千米,根据题意得:216+(15+12)x=351,解得:x=5.答:5小时后他们相距351千米.(2)设乙出发y小时后两人相遇,则甲出发(y+3)小时后两人相遇,根据题意得:15(y+3)+12y=216,解得:y=.答:乙出发小时后两人相遇.(3)设乙比甲先出发z小时,根据题意得:+z=,解得:z=1.8.答:乙要比甲先出发1.8小时.(4)设t小时后相遇,根据题意得:(15+12)t=216×3,解得:t=24.12×24﹣216=72(千米).答:24小时后相遇,相遇地点距离A有72千米.10.解:问题一:(1)根据题意得:(80﹣60)x=30,解得:x=1.5.故答案为:1.5h.(2)当0≤x≤1.5时,y=30﹣(80﹣60)x=﹣20x+30;当1.5<x≤2时,y=80x﹣(60x+30)=20x﹣30;当2<x≤时,y=160﹣60x﹣30=﹣60x+130.∴两车之间的距离y=.问题二:(1)30÷5=6(km),30÷60=0.5(km).故答案为:6;0.5.(2)设经历t分钟后分针和时针第一次重合,根据题意得:6t﹣0.5t=30×2,解得:t=.答:从2:00起计时,分钟后分针与时针第一次重合.。

阅读理解+阅读七选五+完形填空分类综合训练---2023届高考英语一轮复习

阅读理解+阅读七选五+完形填空分类综合训练---2023届高考英语一轮复习

阅读理解+阅读七选五+完形填空分类综合训练一、阅读理解AWelcome to Holker Hall & GardensHow to Get to HolkerBy Car: Follow brown signs an A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere—20 minutes, Kendal—25 minutes, Lancaster-45 minutes, Manchester-1 hour 30 minutes.By Rail: The nearest station is Cark-in-Carmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.Opening TimesSunday—Friday (closed on Saturday) 11 : 00 am一4: 00 pm, 30th March-2nd November.Admission ChargesHall & GardensGardensAdults£12.00£8.00Groups£9.00£5.5Special EventsProducers Market 13th AprilJoin us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet theproducers and get some excellent recipe ideas.Holker Garden Festival 30th MayThe event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.National Garden Day 28th Augustwould live there for the next three months, 6 by my boyfriend, Seamus.Rolling out of the 7 in a wheelchair, I took my first breath of _ 8 air in weeks. But before I could enjoy this moment, my mother helped me 9 a face mask. I shot her an 10 look, but I know she was right. For the immediate future, anywhere I wanted to go in public I would need to wear gloves and a 11 . No subways, no crowds. However, I can 1_2 my freedom, even if cancer continues to 1 3 my choices. My new freedom means not being waken up every couple of hours by a nurse with 14 in her hand. Ifs not seeing 15 with their masks and their caring, and not being connected to an IV (静脉注射)machine 24 hours a day.Freedom now is being able to eat a home-cooked 1 6 and then fighting to keep it down. Freedom also means being 17 with my loving mother and boyfriend. Freedom is the 18 to take the medicines on time. Freedom also means returning to the hospital several times a week to 1 9 follow-up examinations. But all is well 20 . I love every one of my family and I love Seamus.1.A. valuable B. exciting C. interesting D. funny2.A. work B. fight C. wander D. disappear3.A. actions B. signs C. features D. manners4.A. simply B. quietly C. slowly D. properly5.A. friends B. doctors C. teachers D. classmates6.A. cared for B. operated on C. dealt with D. taken up7.A. room B. house C. hospital D. school8.A. fresh B. dusty C. thick D. thin9.A. put off B. put on C. put away D. put up10.A. frightened B. delighted C. embarrassed D. annoyed11.A. hat B. scarf C. coat D. mask12.A. create B. abandon C. enjoy D. share13.A. stop B. limit C. keep D. steal14.A. books B. bills C. flowers D. pills15.A. nurses B. friends C. doctors D. parents16.A. meal B. salad C. dessert D. hamburger17.A. bored B. patient C. angry D. dependent18.A. possibility B. ability C. skill D. responsibility19.A. receive B. develop C. explore D. improve20.A. considerate B. useful C. amazing D. worth答案阅读理解A:1—3 DBDB:4—7 ACAAC:8-11 BBAAD: 12-15 BDCA阅读七选五1—5 AEBGF完形填空1—5 BABCB 6—10 ACABD11—15 DCBDC 16—20 ABDADOnce again opens is gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.Winter Market 8th NovemberThis is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker From?Manchester?A. 20 minutes.B. 25 minutes.C. 45 minutes.D. 90 minutes.2.How much should a member of a group pay to visit Hall &Gardens?A. £12.00.B. £9.00.C. £8.00.D. £5.50.3.Which event will you choose to see a live music show?A. Producers Market.B. Holker Garden Festival.C. National Garden Day.D. Winter Market.BLie in bed, by an open window, and listen. "No air conditioning, how can you sleep? ” A friend asks, horrified. I tell her my family has decided to shut the air conditioner off and reduce our electric bill. On this first night of our cost-cutting plan, its only 85 degrees. We1 re going to suffer, but the three kids complain anyway.They5ve grown up in 72-degree comfort, protected from the world outside. u lfs too hot to sleep, “ my 13-year-old daughter complains. "I'm about to die from this heat,n her brother complains down the hall. u Just try it tonight,n I tell them. In truth I'm too tired to turn for long. My face is sweaty, but I lie quietly listening to the cricket choirs outside that remind me of my childhood.The neighbor's dog howls. Probably a passing squirrel. Ifs been years since I took the time to really listen to the night.I think about grandma, who lived to 92 and still helped with my mom's gardening until just a few weeks before she died. And then, I'm back there at her house in the summer heat of my childhood. I moved my p川ow tothe foot of grandma's bed and turned my face towards the open window. I turned the pillow, hunting for the cooler side. Grandma saw me turn over and over. u lf you just watch for the breeze, " she said, "you'll cool off and fall asleep."I stare at the filmy white curtain, willing it to move. Lying stilb waiting, I suddenly notice the life outside the window. The bug chorus. Neighbors, sitting late on the porch (门廊), speak in unclear words that calm me.“Mom, did you hear that? ” My seven-year-old son cries. u l think it was an owl (猫头鹰)family.”“Probably, "1 tell him. u Just keep listening.vWithout the working air conditioner, the house is peaceful, and the natural night noises seem close enough to touch. I hope I'm awake tonight when the first breeze comes in.4.On the first night of the authors cost-cutting plan, her children .A. feels unhappyB.suffer from great painC.are about to die from the heatD.are protected from the world outside5.The author talks about her grandmother and her childhood to say that.A.people used to live a hard lifeB.people in the past were hard-workingC.ifs OK for people to live a simple lifeD.she has learned a great deal from her grandma6.In the authors eyes, her children are .cking in real test of hardship in lifeB.dependent because of parents loveC.full of dissatisfaction with lifeD.free from parents protection7.What can be the best title for the text?A.Waiting for the BreezeB.An Interesting ExperienceC.Life at Present and Life in the PastD.Different Times, Different ChildrenCIn late summer or early fall the large, yellow seed heads of sunflowers will be ripening. If gardeners can keep off the birds and other wildlife trying to eat the seeds, they can have a large harvest. The bright yellow blooms will make a rainbow garden, brightening up any space.However, planting the sunflower seeds is a skilled job. Plant seeds no deeper than the full length of itself. Smaller sized sunflowers can be spaced a foot apart. Larger varieties will need to be spaced as far apart as three feet. This allows ripe plants enough space for the seed heads toripen without knocking the ripe seeds off before gardeners have a chance to harvest them.Most sunflower seeds, especially those with eatable seeds, are large enough to handle without the need for seed sorters. This is why sunflowers make an excellent choice for a children's garden as well. Gardeners will want to mix plenty of soil fertilizers (肥料)into the ground as sunflowers tend to be heavy feeders.Sunflowers can be slow starters and the tiny new plants don't seem to grow very rapidly. Gardeners should protect the new plants as they begin to grow. Once they get going, sunflowers are able to outgrow many weeds, making them easier to grow in the home vegetable garden than many other plants.Most pests and diseases are not a bother to the sunflower, however, more than one gardener has said that their lovely looking plants were ravaged overnight by hungry squirrels, mice or birds. To preserve their harvest, gardeners can cover the ripening seed head with stockings or net cloth to help keep the destroyers off the seeds.Planting sunflower seeds is easy and can help even the smallest gardener feel successful in their gardening attempts.8.Why should sunflowers be planted with enough space in between?A.To prevent birds from eating sunflower seeds.B.To protect the ripe seed heads before harvest.C.To offer the sunflowers enough sunlight.D.To help the sunflowers grow stronger.9.Why do people tend to choose sunflowers for children's gardens?A.They want to decorate their garden with sunflowers.B.The seeds are easy to plant and unnecessary to sort.C.Sunflowers don't need too much soil fertilizer.D.Tiny new sunflowers can grow very fast.10.Which can replace the underlined word “ravaged” in Paragraph 5?A. Destroyed.B. Covered.C. Surrounded.D. Removed.11.What is the text mainly about?A.How to plant sunflowers.B.Ways to preserve sunflowers.C.Different kinds of sunflowers.D.Tips on making your garden bright.DJames Rumsey was a successful businessman in Bath, Virginia in 1784 when he met George Washington. When the hero of the Revolutionary War stopped in Bath, Rumsey showed Washington his invention. It was a model of a boat using the power of rivers current to travel against the current. The boat had a set of wheels with two longpoles fastened under the boat. Rumsey placed the boat in the Potomac River and the current turned the wheels round and round quickly, which in turn, forced the poles to push against the riverbed moving the boat against the current.Washington wrote of the invention in his diary on September 6, 1784, “The model, and its operation upon the water, which had been made to run fast, not only made me believe what I before thought, but that it might be turned to the greatest possible means of transportation.n Washington even gave Rumsey a letter stating that he had seen the boat in operation.The following year, Washington became president of the Potomac Company. One of Washington's first problems was he couldn't find anyone with experience of building canal. In July 1785, Washington remembered Rumsey's walking boat and decided that Rumsey was the man to build the canal.Rumsey had continued his work on the mechanical boat, but a full-scale model had not worked as well as the smaller version. The larger boats poles would stick or slip on the bottom of the river and when the boat moved, it lurched (突然前倾)and leaned dangerously.As making this idea a success seemed to be slipping away, Rumsey turned his sights to a new way to allow a boat to move against the current-steam power. However, Washington employed Rumsey just as he was considering the solution. Washington hired him at an annual salary of200 pounds.12.What can we learn about Rumsey's invention?A.It turned out to be practical.B.It was driven by water power.C.It was a great means of transportation.D.It had wheels to push against the riverbed.13.Seeing the model boat, Washington.A.drew a picture of it in his diaryB.employed Rumsey at onceC.wrote Rumsey a letterD.took an interest in it14.What can we learn about Rumsey from the text?A.He managed to build the mechanical boat.B.He became rich owing to his invention.C.He got great trust from Washington.D.He gave up his first idea.15.What can be the best title for the text?A.Rumsey's Walking BoatB.Rumsey and WashingtonC.A Successful Business ManD.The History of the Mechanical Boat二、阅读七选五Choosing to Study OverseasEvery year, thousands of students choose to study in another country for a semester, a summer, or a year. Studying overseas can be an exciting experience for many people.• 1Living in another country can help you to learn a language, and about another culture. You will see the world in a new way, and learn more about yourself. 2 Many companies today want employees who speak a second language, or have experienced living or working in another country.•Make the right choice.Once you decide to study overseas, you have to make some choices. To choose the right country or school, ask yourself: Where do I want to go and why? How much do I want to pay? 3 Do I want to live with a host family, with roommates, or alone?•Get ready to go.Get your passport and visa early!4 Learn about themoney. Bring some of it and a credit card with you.•Once you are there.After the first few weeks overseas, many students will feel a little homesick. They may miss their family, friends, and familiar ways of doingthings. 5 When you feel sad or homesick, try to talk to others, or write about your feelings in a notebook.A.Why do it?B.How long do I want to study overseas? ?C.You should improve your mother tongue before you go.D.A large number of students can't afford to study overseas.E.Overseas study may also look good on your future resume.F.Remember that it takes time to get used to a new place, school, and culture.G.Before you go, learn some of the language, and read about some common customs in your host country.1.2.3.4.5.三、完形填空I opened my eyes to find doctors standing by my hospital bed. They had some J news.They told me that my brother Adams healthy cells were beginning to 2 in my bone marrow (#11). I was showing 3 of progress.I was able to walk around 4 without assistance, and my blood counts were going in the right direction.It was “graduation” day. The 5 were sending me to the Hope Room, a halfway house sponsored by the American Cancer Society.。

2021年中考复习数学分类专题提分训练:三角形综合运用之选择题专项(一)

2021年中考复习数学分类专题提分训练:三角形综合运用之选择题专项(一)

2021年中考数学分类专题提分训练:三角形综合运用之选择题专项(一)1.有2cm和3cm的两根小棒,请你再找一根小棒,并以这三根小棒为边围成一个三角形,下列长度的小棒不符合要求的是()A.2cm B.3cm C.4cm D.5cm2.如图,△ABC中,AB=6cm,AC=8cm,BC的垂直平分线l与AC相交于点D,则△ABD的周长为()A.10cm B.12cm C.14cm D.16cm3.如图,以Rt△ABC的三边为直角边分别向外作等腰直角三角形.若AB=,则图中阴影部分的面积为()A.B.C.D.54.已知△ABC的三边分别为a、b、c,下列条件中,不能判定△ABC为直角三角形的是()A.∠A=∠B+∠C B.a:b:c=1:1:C.∠A:∠B:∠C=3:4:5 D.b2=a2+c25.如图,透明的圆柱形玻璃容器(容器厚度忽略不计)的高为16cm,在容器内壁离容器底部4cm的点B处有一滴蜂蜜,此时一只蚂蚁正好在容器外壁,位于离容器上沿4cm的点A 处,若蚂蚁吃到蜂蜜需爬行的最短路径为20cm,则该圆柱底面周长为()A.12cm B.14cm C.20cm D.24cm6.如图,在△ABC中,将△ABC沿直线m翻折,点B落在点D的位置,若∠1﹣∠2=60°,则∠B的度数是()A.30°B.32°C.35°D.60°7.如图,在△ABC中,AC=AB,∠BAC=90°,BD平分∠ABC,与AC相交于点F,CD⊥BD,垂足为D,交BA的延长线于点E,AH⊥BC交BD于点M,交BC于点H,下列选项不正确的是()A.∠E=67.5°B.∠AMF=∠AFM C.BF=2CD D.BD=AB+AF8.一副三角板如图所示摆放,则∠α与∠β的数量关系为()A.∠α+∠β=180°B.∠α+∠β=225° C.∠α+∠β=270°D.∠α=∠β9.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,Rt△OAB的斜边OA在第一象限,并与x轴的正半轴夹角为30°.C为OA的中点,BC=1,则点A的坐标为()A.(,)B.(,1)C.(2,1)D.(2,)10.如图,△ABC≌△DEC,A和D,B和E是对应点,B、C、D在同一直线上,且CE=5,AC =7,则BD的长为()A.12 B.7 C.2 D.1411.如图所示,三角形纸片被正方形纸板遮住了一部分,小明根据所学知识画出了一个与该三角形完全重合的三角形,那么这两个三角形完全重合的依据是()A.SSS B.SAS C.AAS D.ASA12.如图,在△AOB和△COD中,OA=OB,OC=OD,OA<OC,∠AOB=∠COD=36°.连接AC,BD交于点M,连接OM.下列结论:①∠AMB=36°,②AC=BD,③OM平分∠AOD,④MO平分∠AMD.其中正确的结论个数有()个.A.4 B.3 C.2 D.113.△BDE和△FGH是两个全等的等边三角形,将它们按如图的方式放置在等边三角形ABC内.若求五边形DECHF的周长,则只需知道()A.△ABC的周长B.△AFH的周长C.四边形FBGH的周长D.四边形ADEC的周长14.如图,用三角板作△ABC的边AB上的高线,下列三角板的摆放位置正确的是()A.B.C.D.15.在下列各图的△ABC中,正确画出AC边上的高的图形是()A.B.C.D.16.如图,△ABC的两条角平分线BD、CE交于O,且∠A=60°,则下列结论中不正确的是()A.∠BOC=120°B.BC=BE+CD C.OD=OE D.OB=OC17.如图,△ABC中,AB的垂直平分线交AC于D,如果AC=5cm,BC=4cm,那么△DBC的周长是()A .6 cmB .7 cmC .8 cmD .9 cm18.如图,在Rt △ABC 中,AB =AC ,∠A =90°,BD 是角平分线,DE ⊥BC ,垂足为点E .若CD =5,则AD 的长是( )A .B .2C .D .519.如图:一个三级台阶,它的每一级的长,宽和高分别是50cm ,30cm ,10cm ,A 和B 是这个台阶的两个相对的端点,A 点上有一只壁虎,它想到B 点去吃可口的食物,请你想一想,这只壁虎从A 点出发,沿着台阶面爬到B 点,最短路线的长是多少( )A .13cmB .40cmC .130cmD .169cm20.△ABC 中,AB =AC ,∠BAC =90°,直角∠EPF 的顶点P 是BC 的中点,两边PE 、PF 分别交AB 、AC 于E 、F ,给出以下四个结论:①AE =CF ②△EPF 是等腰直角三角形③EF =AP ④S 四边形AEPF =S △ABC当∠EPF 在△ABC 内绕P 旋转时(点E 不与A 、B 重合),则上述结论始终正确的有( )A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个21.如图,由4个相同的直角三角形与中间的小正方形拼成一个大正方形,若大正方形面积是9,小正方形面积是1,直角三角形较长直角边为a,较短直角边为b,则ab的值是()A.4 B.6 C.8 D.1022.如图,△ABC中,以B为圆心,BC长为半径画弧,分别交AC、AB于D、E两点,并连接BD、DE.若∠A=30°,AB=AC,则∠BDE的度数为()A.67.5°B.52.5°C.45°D.75°.23.将一副直角三角板如图放置,使含30°角的三角板的一条直角边和45°角的三角板的一条直角边重合,则∠1的度数为()A.45°B.60°C.75°D.85°24.如图,D为∠BAC的外角平分线上一点并且满足BD=CD,∠DBC=∠DCB,过D作DE⊥AC 于E,DF⊥AB交BA的延长线于F,则下列结论:①△CDE≌△BDF;②CE=AB+AE;③∠BDC=∠BAC;④∠DAF=∠CBD.其中正确的结论有()A.1个B.2个C.3个D.4个25.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠C=90°,AD平分∠BAC,交BC于D,若CD=BD,点D到边AB的距离为6,则BC的长是()A.6 B.12 C.18 D.24参考答案1.解:设第三根小棒的长度为xcm,由题意得:3﹣2<x<3+2,解得:1<x<5,故选:D.2.解:∵BC的垂直平分线l与AC相交于点D,∴DB=DC,∴△ABD的周长=AB+AD+DB=AB+AD+DC=AB+AC=14(cm),故选:C.=AC2+BC2+AB2=(AB2+AC2+BC2),3.解:S阴影∵AB2=AC2+BC2=5,∴AB2+AC2+BC2=10,=×10=5.∴S阴影故选:D.4.解:A、∵∠A=∠B+∠C,∠A+∠B+∠C=180°,∴∠A=90°,∴△ABC为直角三角形,故此选项不合题意;B、∵()2=12+12,∴能构成直角三角形,故此选项不合题意;C、设∠A=3x°,∠B=4x°,∠C=5x°,3x+4x+5x=180,解得:x=15,则5x°=75°,∴△ABC不是直角三角形,故此选项符合题意;D、∵b2=a2+c2,∴能构成直角三角形,故此选项不符合题意.故选:C.5.解:如图:将圆柱展开,EG为上底面圆周长的一半,作A关于E的对称点A',连接A'B交EG于F,则蚂蚁吃到蜂蜜需爬行的最短路径为AF+BF的长,即AF+BF=A'B=20cm,延长BG,过A'作A'D⊥BG于D,∵AE=A'E=DG=4cm,∴BD=16cm,Rt△A'DB中,由勾股定理得:A'D==12cm,∴则该圆柱底面周长为24cm.故选:D.6.解:如图所示:由折叠的性质得:∠D=∠B,根据外角性质得:∠1=∠3+∠B,∠3=∠2+∠D,∴∠1=∠2+∠D+∠B=∠2+2∠B,∴∠1﹣∠2=2∠B=60°.∴∠B=30°,故选:A.7.解:∵AC=AB,∠BAC=90°,∴∠ABC=∠ACB=45°,∵BD平分∠ABC,∴∠ABF=∠CBF=22.5°,∵BD⊥CD,∴∠E=67.5°,故选项A正确,∵AH⊥BC,∴∠AHB=∠BAC=90°,∴∠ABF+∠AFB=90°,∠CBF+∠BMH=90°,∴∠AFB=∠BMH,∴∠AFM=∠BMH=∠AMF,故选项B正确,∵CD⊥BD,∴∠BDE=∠BAC=90°,∴∠E+∠EBD=90°,∠E+∠ACE=90°,∴∠EBD=∠ACE,在△ABF和△ACE中,,∴△ABF≌△ACE(ASA),∴AE=AF,BF=CE,∴AB+AF=AB+AE=BE,∵Rt△BED中,BE>BD,∴AB+AF>BD,故选项D错误,在△EBD和△CBD中,,∴△EBD≌△CBD(ASA),∴CD=DE,∴BF=CE=2CD,故选项C正确,故选:D.8.解:如图,在四边形ABCD中,且∠1=∠α,∠2=∠β,∵∠A+∠1+∠C+∠2=360°,∴∠α+∠β=360°﹣90°﹣45°=225°.故选:B.9.解:如图,过点A作AD⊥x轴于D,∵Rt△OAB的斜边OA在第一象限,并与x轴的正半轴夹角为30°.∴∠AOD=30°,∴AD=OA,∵C为OA的中点,∴AD=AC=OC=BC=1,∴OA=2,∴OD=,则点A的坐标为:(,1).故选:B.10.解:如图,△ABC≌△DEC,A和D,B和E是对应点,B、C、D在同一直线上,且CE=5,AC=7,∴BC=EC=5,CD=AC=7,∴BD=BC+CD=12.故选:A.11.解:由图可知,三角形两角及夹边还存在,∴根据可以根据三角形两角及夹边作出图形,所以,依据是ASA.12.解:∵∠AOB=∠COD=36°,∴∠AOB+∠BOC=∠COD+∠BOC,即∠AOC=∠BOD,在△AOC和△BOD中,∴△AOC≌△BOD(SAS),∴∠OCA=∠ODB,AC=BD,故②正确;∵∠OAC=∠OBD,由三角形的外角性质得:∠AMB+∠OBD=∠OAC+∠AOB,∴∠AMB=∠AOB=36°,故①正确;作OG⊥AM于G,OH⊥DM于H,如图所示,则∠OGA=∠OHB=90°,∵△AOC≌△BOD,∴OG=OH,∴MO平分∠AMD,故④正确;假设OM平分∠AOD,则∠DOM=∠AOM,在△AMO与△DMO中,,∴△AMO≌△DMO(ASA),∵OC=OD,∴OA=OC,而OA<OC,故③错误;正确的个数有3个;故选:B.13.解:∵△GFH为等边三角形,∴FH=GH,∠FHG=60°,∴∠AHF+∠GHC=120°,∵△ABC为等边三角形,∴AB=BC=AC,∠ACB=∠A=60°,∴∠GHC+∠HGC=120°,∴∠AHF=∠HGC,∴△AFH≌△CHG(AAS),∴AF=CH.∵△BDE和△FGH是两个全等的等边三角形,∴BE=FH,∴五边形DECHF的周长=DE+CE+CH+FH+DF=BD+CE+AF+BE+DF,=(BD+DF+AF)+(CE+BE),=AB+BC.∴只需知道△ABC的周长即可.故选:A.14.解:A,C,D都不是△ABC的边AB上的高,故选:B.15.解:AC边上的高就是过B作垂线垂直AC交AC的延长线于D点,因此只有C符合条件,故选:C.16.解:∵∠A=60°,∴∠ABC+∠ACB=180°﹣∠A=180°﹣60°=120°,∵△ABC的两条角平分线BD、CE交于O,∴∠OBC=∠ABC,∠OCB=∠ACB,∴∠BOC=180°﹣(∠OBC+∠OCB)=180°﹣(∠ABC+∠ACB)=120°,故A选项正确;如图,连接OA,作OF⊥AB于点F,OG⊥AC于点G,OH⊥BC于点H,∵△ABC的两条角平分线BD、CE交于O,∴OF=OG=OH,利用“HL”可得△BOF≌△BOH,△COG≌△COH,∴BH=BF,CH=CG,在四边形AFOG中,∠FOG=360°﹣60°﹣90°×2=120°,∴DOG=∠FOG﹣∠DOF=120°﹣∠DOF,又∵∠EOD=∠BOC=120°,∴∠EOF=∠EOD﹣∠DOF=120°﹣∠DOF,∴∠EOF=∠DOG,在△EOF和△DOG中,,∴△EOF≌△DOG(ASA),∴EF=DG,OD=OE,故C选项正确;∴BC=BH+CH=BF+CG=BE+EF+CD﹣DG=BE+CD,即BC=BE+CD,故B选项正确;只有当∠ABC=∠ACB时,∵△ABC的两条角平分线BD、CE交于O,∴∠OBC=∠ABC,∠OCB=∠ACB,∴∠OBC=∠OCB,∴OB=OC,而本题无法得到∠ABC=∠ACB,所以,OB=OC不正确,故D选项错误.故选:D.17.解:∵DE是AB的垂直平分线,∴AD=BD,∵AC=5cm,BC=4cm,∴△DBC的周长是:BD+CD+BC=AD+CD+BC=AC+BC=5+4=9(cm).故选:D.18.解:∵AB=AC,∠A=90°,∴∠C=45°,∵DE⊥BC,CD=5,∴DE=CD•sin45°=5×=5,∵BD是角平分线,DE⊥BC,∠A=90°,∴AD=DE=5.故选:D.19.解:将台阶展开,如图,因为BC=30×3+10×3=120,AC=50,所以AB2=AC2+BC2=16900,所以AB=130(cm),所以壁虎爬行的最短线路为130cm.故选:C.20.解:∵∠APE 、∠CPF 都是∠APF 的余角,∴∠APE =∠CPF ,∵AB =AC ,∠BAC =90°,P 是BC 中点,∴AP =CP ,在△APE 与△CPF 中,,∴△APE ≌△CPF (ASA ),同理可证△APF ≌△BPE ,∴AE =CF ,△EPF 是等腰直角三角形,∴S △AEP =S △CFP ,∴S 四边形AEPF =S △APC =S △ABC ,①②④正确; ∵AP =BC ,若EF =AP =BC ,则EF 是中位线, 不能保证结论始终正确,故③错误.故选:C .21.解:由题意得:大正方形的面积是9,小正方形的面积是1,直角三角形的较长直角边为a ,较短直角边为b ,即a 2+b 2=9,a ﹣b =1,所以ab =[(a 2+b 2)﹣(a ﹣b )2]=(9﹣1)=4,即ab =4.解法2,4个三角形的面积和为9﹣1=8;每个三角形的面积为2;则ab =2;所以ab =4故选:A .22.解:∵AB =AC ,∴∠ABC =∠ACB ,∵∠A=30°,∴∠ABC=∠ACB=(180°﹣30°)=75°,∵以B为圆心,BC长为半径画弧,∴BE=BD=BC,∴∠BDC=∠ACB=75°,∴∠CBD=180°﹣75°﹣75°=30°,∴∠DBE=75°﹣30°=45°,∴∠BED=∠BDE=(180°﹣45°)=67.5°.故选:A.23.解:由题意可得:∠2=60°,∠5=45°,∵∠2=60°,∴∠3=180°﹣90°﹣60°=30°,∴∠4=30°,∴∠1=∠4+∠5=30°+45°=75°,故选:C.24.解:∵AD平分∠CAF,DE⊥AC,DF⊥AB,∴DE=DF,在Rt△CDE和Rt△BDF中,,∴Rt△CDE≌Rt△BDF(HL),故①正确;∴CE=AF,在Rt△ADE和Rt△ADF中,,∴Rt△ADE≌Rt△ADF(HL),∴CE=AB+AF=AB+AE,故②正确;∵Rt△CDE≌Rt△BDF,∴∠DBF=∠DCE,∵∠AOB=∠COD,(设AC交BD于O),∴∠BDC=∠BAC,故③正确;∵△CDE≌△BDF,∴∠ABO=∠DCO,∴A,B,C,D四点共圆,∴∠DAE=∠CBD,∵Rt△ADE≌Rt△ADF,∴∠DAE=∠DAF,∴∠DAF=∠CBD,故④正确;综上所述,正确的结论有①②③④共4个.故选:D.25.解:过D作DE⊥AB于E,∵点D到边AB的距离为6,∴DE=6,∵∠C=90°,AD平分∠BAC,DE⊥AB,∴CD=DE=6,∵CD=DB,∴DB=12,∴BC=6+12=18,。

2020-2021中考化学专题训练---计算题的综合题分类(1)

2020-2021中考化学专题训练---计算题的综合题分类(1)

一、中考初中化学计算题1.在一烧杯中盛有24.3g Na2SO4和NaCl组成的固体混合物,加入100g水使Na2SO4和NaCl全部溶解。

向其中逐渐滴加溶质质分数为20%的氯化钡溶液,生成沉淀的总质量与所滴入氯化钡溶液的质量关系曲线如图所示。

(1)请分析当BaCl2溶液滴加到B点时,溶液中的溶质是。

(2)请计算当滴加BaCl2溶液至图中A点时,所得溶液的溶质质量分数(计算结果保留一位小数)。

【答案】(1)BaCl2NaCl (2)10.6%【解析】试题分析:(1)当沉淀的质量不再增加时,说明反应已经进行完毕,所以当BaCl2溶液滴加到B点时说明氯化钡溶液滴加过量,当BaCl2溶液滴加到B点时,溶液中的溶质有刚生成的氯化钠和原来的氯化钠以及过量的氯化钡。

(2)根据当滴加BaCl2溶液至图中A点时沉淀的质量不再增加说明氯化钡溶液和硫酸钠溶液恰好完全反应,利用氯化钡的质量求出生成氯化钠的质量以及沉淀的质量即可求出所得溶液的溶质质量分数。

解:设参加反应的硫酸钠的质量为x,生成的硫酸钡的质量为y,生成的氯化钠的质量为z BaCl2 + Na2SO4=2NaCl+BaSO4↓208 142 117 233104g×20% x z y=解得x=14.2g=解得y=23.3g=解得z=11.7g当滴加BaCl2溶液至图中A点时,所得溶液的溶质质量分数×100%=10.6%答:当滴加BaCl2溶液至图中A点时,所得溶液的溶质质量分数为10.6%考点:考查根据化学反应方程式的计算;有关溶质质量分数的简单计算2.向碳酸钠和氯化钠的混合物15.6 g中加入100 g稀盐酸,恰好完全反应后,得到111.2 g溶液。

试计算:(1)产生二氧化碳多少克?(2)所得溶液中溶质的质量分数是多少?【答案】解:(1)CO2的质量为:15.6g+100g-111.2g=4.4g (1分)(2)设反应生成氯化钠质量为X,原混合物中有碳酸钠质量为YNa2CO3+2HCl=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑ (1分)106 117 44Y X 4.4gX=11.7g Y=10.6g (各1分,共2分)(15.6g-10.6g+11.7g)/111.2g×100%=15.0% (1分)答:(1)产生二氧化碳4.4克(2)所得溶液中溶质的质量分数是15.0%【解析】试题分析:根据质量差可以计算生成二氧化碳的质量,根据二氧化碳的质量可以计算碳酸钠、生成氯化钠的质量,进一步可以计算所得溶液中溶质的质量分数。

分类与整理练习题

分类与整理练习题

物品整理
将家中物品进行分类整理, 有助于保持家居整洁和方 便查找。
通讯录管理
将联系人信息进行分类整 理,有助于快速查找和联 系亲友。
旅行计划
将旅行计划和必备物品进 行分类整理,有助于顺利 出行和享受旅行。
Part
05
分类与整理的练习题
分类练习题
分类练习题1:将下列物
1
品按照水果和蔬菜进行分
类。
4
Part
04
分类与整理的应用
在学习中的应用
学科分类
在学习过程中,可以将不 同的学科进行分类,以便 更好地理解和掌握知识。
笔记整理
整理学习笔记,将知识点 进行分类和归纳,有助于 提高学习效率。
复习计划
根据分类整理的知识点, 制定有效的复习计划,有 助于巩固记忆和提高成绩。
在工作中的运用
STEP 01
分类与整理练习题
• 分类与整理的基本概念 • 分类的方法 • 整理的方法 • 分类与整理的应用 • 分类与整理的练习题
目录
Part
01
分类与整理的基本概念
分类的定义
总结词
根据事物的共同点和差异点,将事物 划分为不同种类的逻辑方法。
详细描述
分类是根据事物的某些属性或特征, 将它们归入不同的类别中。通过分类 ,我们可以更好地理解和组织事物, 以便更好地利用和管理它们。
按照属性分类是将具有相同或相似属性的事物归为一类的方法。例如,将水果 按照颜色、形状或口感进行分类,或将学习资料按照学科属性进行分类。
按照时间分类
总结词
根据时间先后顺序进行分类
详细描述
按照时间分类是将事物按照发生的时间先后顺序进行排列的方法。例如,将文件 按照日期进行归档,或将历史事件按照时间线进行整理。
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分类综合训练(一)
教材知识梳理
核心要点突破
1.磁体的特点
(1)每个磁体都有两个磁性最强的地方,叫做________。

磁极总是成对出现,磁体两端磁性最________,中间磁性最________。

磁体悬挂静止时,指北的叫磁________极(________极);指南的叫磁________极(________极)。

(2)磁极之间的相互作用规律:同名磁极相互________,异名磁极相互________。

2.磁场
(1)磁体周围存在着________,磁极间的相互作用就是通过磁场发生的。

(2)磁场的基本性质:对放入其中的磁体产生____的作用。

(3)磁场的方向:在磁场中的某一点,小磁针静止时________极所指的方向就是该点的磁场方向。

(4)磁感线:为了描述磁场的强弱和方向而假想的曲线。

磁体周围的磁感线是从它的________极出来,回到________极。

(5)地磁的北极在地理位置的________极附近;而地磁的南极则在地理位置的________极附近。

3.电流的磁场
(1)________实验证明了通电导线周围存在磁场。

(2)右手螺旋定则:用________手握住螺线管,让四指弯曲的方向跟螺线管中的________方向一致,则大拇指所指的那端就是螺线管的________极。

(3)通电螺线管的性质:①通过电流越大,磁性越________;②线圈匝数越多,磁性越__________;③插入软铁芯,磁性大大________;④通电螺线管的极性可通过改变________来改变。

(4)内部带有铁芯的螺线管就构成________。

它的特点:①磁性的有无可由________来控制;②磁性的强弱可由改变________大小和线圈的______来调节;③磁极极性可由________方向来改变。

4.磁场对电流的作用
(1)通电导线在磁场中要受到________的作用,力的方向跟________方向和________方向有关。

(2)电动机是利用____________________的原理制成的;它工作时把______能转化为______能。

教材知识纵横
1.正确理解磁场和磁感线
(1)磁场是客观存在的,磁感线不是客观存在的,是人们为了研究磁场而引入的假想曲线。

在磁场的外部,磁感线是从________极发出,最后回到________极;在磁场的内部,磁感线是从S极回到N极;磁感线是闭合曲线。

(2)磁感线上任意一点的切线方向表示该点的________。

(3)磁感线分布的疏密能反映磁场的强弱。

2.判断一个物体有无磁性的方法
3.通电螺线管和条形磁体的异同点
教材图片展示
命题点1磁场
图17-F-1
如图17-F-1所示,磁体之间没有接触,却能产生相互作用,这是因为磁体之间存在着________________________________________________________________________。

命题点2条形磁体的磁感线分布
图17-F-2
物理学家用________来形象地描述空间磁场的情况,在磁体外部磁感线都是从磁体的________极发出,回到磁体的________极。

命题点3地磁场的分布
图17-F-3
地球本身是一个大磁体,地磁场的两极与地理两极并不重合,地磁北极在地理________极附近,所以磁针所指方向不是地理的正南、正北方向。

世界上最早记述这一现象的人是________。

命题点4奥斯特实验
图17-F-4
如图17-F-4所示,给直导线通电时,其下方的小磁针将发生偏转,这说明通电导体周围存在着________。

这是1820年丹麦物理学家________发现的,由此向世界宣布了电流的________效应,开创了电磁应用的新时代。

命题点5通电螺线管周围的铁屑分布特点
图17-F-5
通电螺线管周围的铁屑分布情况与________周围的铁屑分布情况相似,因此,通电螺线管周围的磁场与________的磁场相似。

命题点6通电螺线管的磁场分布
图17-F-6
由实验可知:通电螺线管的a端和小磁针的N极________(选填“相吸”或“排斥”);通电螺线管的b端和小磁针的S极________(选填“相吸”或“排斥”);这说明通电螺线管周围存在着________,a端为________极,b端为________极。

命题点7右手螺旋定则
图17-F-7
用________手握住螺线管,让四指弯曲的方向跟螺线管中的________方向一致,则大拇指所指的那端就是螺线管的________极。

命题点8磁场对电流的作用
图17-F-8
如图17-F-8所示,闭合开关后,支架上原来静止的轻质金属杆会朝某个方向运动,这表明磁场对通电导体会产生________的作用,改变磁场方向或者改变________方向,可以使金属杆运动的方向发生改变。

电动机就是根据这个原理制成的。

重点实验再现
实验一探究通电螺线管的磁场特点
图17-F-9
1.实验器材:电池组、导线、铁屑、小磁针、开关、滑动变阻器、多匝线圈组成的螺
线管等。

2.实验过程:(1)在带有螺线管的有机玻璃板上均匀地撒满铁屑,再给螺线管通电并轻
敲玻璃板面,观察玻璃板面上铁屑的分布情况。

(2)按图17-F-9连接装置(开关断开)。

(3)闭合开关时,观察小磁针的偏转方向并记录。

(4)断开开关,改变电流的方向,再次闭合开关时,观察小磁针的偏转方向并记录。

3.实验结论:通电螺线管周围存在________,且其周围的磁场与条形磁体的磁场相似;
通电螺线管的磁场方向与__________有关。

实验二探究磁场对电流的作用
图17-F-10
1.实验器材:电池组、磁体、金属杆、开关、金属轨道、导线若干。

2.实验过程:(1)按图17-F-10组装器材(开关断开)。

(2)闭合开关,观察金属杆运动的方向并记录。

(3)断开开关,保持磁场方向不变,改变电流的方向,再闭合开关,观察金属杆运动的方向并记录。

(4)断开开关,保持电流方向不变,改变磁场的方向,再闭合开关,观察金属杆运动的方向并记录。

(5)断开开关,保持磁场的强弱不变,改变________的大小,再闭合开关,观察金属杆运动的快慢并记录。

(6)断开开关,保持电流大小不变,改变________的强弱,再闭合开关,观察金属杆运动的快慢并记录。

3.实验结论:磁场对通电导体有________的作用,其作用的方向与________的方向和________的方向有关;其运动速度与电流的大小和磁场的强弱有关。

详解详析
【核心要点突破】
1.(1)磁极强弱北N南S
(2)排斥吸引
2.(1)磁场(2)磁力(3)北
(4)北南
(5)南北
3.(1)奥斯特
(2)右电流N
(3)强强增强电流方向
(4)电磁铁通断电电流匝数电流
4.(1)磁力电流磁场
(2)通电线圈在磁场里受力转动电机械
【教材知识纵横】
1.(1)N S(2)磁场方向
2.有无南北有无
【教材图片展示】
命题点1磁场
命题点2磁感线N S
命题点3南沈括
命题点4磁场奥斯特磁
命题点5条形磁体条形磁体
命题点6相吸相吸磁场S N
命题点7右电流N
命题点8力电流
【重点实验再现】
实验一 3.磁场电流的方向
实验二 2.(5)电流(6)磁场 3.磁力电流
磁场。

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