曼昆经济学原理宏观第28章

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计算劳动力数据
用以下数据计算劳动力，失业率， 成年人口和劳动 力参工率 ：
美国成年人口的分类, July 2012
就业者 失业者 非劳动力Biblioteka Baidu
142.2 million 12.8 million 88.3 million
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
劳动力 定义为就业者和失业者之和
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
N. 格里高利·曼昆
经济学原理
第六版
28
失业
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
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劳动力数据
失业率： 失业者占劳动力的百分比
失业率 = 100 x
失业者人数 劳动力
劳动力参工率： 劳动力占成年人口的百分比
劳动力参工率 = 100 x
劳动力 成年人口
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
1 主动学习
参考答案
劳动力 = 就业者 + 失业者
= 142.2 + 12.8 = 155.0 百万
失业率
= 100 x (失业者人数)/(劳动力) = 100 x 12.8/155.0 = 8.3%
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
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劳动力数据
▪ 由美国劳工部劳工统计局调查统计 ▪ 数据来自于6万个家庭的定期调查 ▪ 调查家庭中的“成年人”（16岁及以上）
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
失业？
© 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use.
Premium PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich 2012 UPDATE
本教学PPT双语版由 浙江工商大学经济学院 陈宇峰 编译
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本章我们将探索这些问题的答案:
• 如何衡量经济中的失业？ • 什么是“自然失业率”？ • 为什么总有些人是失业者？ • 工会和最低工资法如何影响失业？ • 什么是效率工资理论？它又是如何帮助我们解释
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劳动力数据
劳工统计局（ BLS ）把受调查家庭中的成年人分为 三个类别：
▪ 就业者： 包括作为得到报酬的员工而工作的人， 在自己的企业里工作且得到报酬的人，以及在家 族企业里工作但拿不到报酬的人
▪ 失业者： 包括能够工作且在之前4周内努力找工 作但没有找到工作的人
▪ 非劳动力： 不属于前两个类别的人