哺乳动物特征【英文】
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– Cerebrum--largest part -thinking and learning goes on here. – Cerebellum--controls movements. – Medulla--controls body functions such as breathing and heart rate.
Movement…
• Other forms of movement seen in mammals
– Climbing—monkeys use the tail as well – Swimming—paddles/flippers – Flying--bats
Response
• Mammals have the most developed brain in the animal kingdom. • There are three parts to the brain:
Mammal Characteristics
Biology Two来自百度文库27-1
What is a mammal?
• Belong to the class Mammalia • Endothermic vertebrate with hair • Females have mammary glands, secrete milk to feed young • There are approximately 4500 species of mammals.
Feeding
• Endotherms require a lot of energy. • Mammals eat different types of food so they need specialized teeth. • Specialized teeth (page 649)
– Incisors—gripping and cutting – Canines—piercing and tearing – Premolars and molars—grinding and crushing
Movement
• Slowest-two toes sloth-active only four hours a day. • Fastest-cheetah 400 m per 15 sec, humans 150 m per 15 sec • How do they run?
– Long legs – Flexible hip and shoulder joints
Feeding…
• Those mammals that eat plant material will have a longer digestive tract compared to meat eaters. • They also have a rumen, which is an area to store plant material and wait to begin the digestive process (read top paragraph, page 741 elephant book)
Feeding…
• Some mammals have the cecum which is similar to the rumen but found by the intestines.
Respiration
• Mammals require a constant supply of oxygen. • Mammals have two adaptations that increase the efficiency of the lungs: the diaphragm and air sacs. • Diaphragm is a dome shaped sheet of muscle, it pulls air into the lungs by expanding the chest cavity. • Air sacs increase area for oxygen to be exchanged. • Many mammals are able to exhale air to vibrate vocal cords and produce a variety of sounds.
Internal Transport
• Blood flows through a double loop circulatory system and a four chambered heart. The chambers are 2 atria and 2 ventricles.
Size of mammals
• Mammals vary in size
– Smallest—pygmy shrew—must eat constantly – Largest—blue whale—weighs as much as 32 elephants
• Mammals live in most types of environment. Their hair, sweat glands and fat varies depending on where they live.
Response…
• When in danger mammals will.. – Run quickly – Use horns and hooves to strike – Work in herds or a pack
Response…
• Some have good smell—dogs, cheetah, other meat eaters • Some have good hearing, high frequency sound waves—dogs and bats • Most have good eyesight, several cannot see color. Underground mammals have poor vision but good touch and smell
Movement…
• Other forms of movement seen in mammals
– Climbing—monkeys use the tail as well – Swimming—paddles/flippers – Flying--bats
Response
• Mammals have the most developed brain in the animal kingdom. • There are three parts to the brain:
Mammal Characteristics
Biology Two来自百度文库27-1
What is a mammal?
• Belong to the class Mammalia • Endothermic vertebrate with hair • Females have mammary glands, secrete milk to feed young • There are approximately 4500 species of mammals.
Feeding
• Endotherms require a lot of energy. • Mammals eat different types of food so they need specialized teeth. • Specialized teeth (page 649)
– Incisors—gripping and cutting – Canines—piercing and tearing – Premolars and molars—grinding and crushing
Movement
• Slowest-two toes sloth-active only four hours a day. • Fastest-cheetah 400 m per 15 sec, humans 150 m per 15 sec • How do they run?
– Long legs – Flexible hip and shoulder joints
Feeding…
• Those mammals that eat plant material will have a longer digestive tract compared to meat eaters. • They also have a rumen, which is an area to store plant material and wait to begin the digestive process (read top paragraph, page 741 elephant book)
Feeding…
• Some mammals have the cecum which is similar to the rumen but found by the intestines.
Respiration
• Mammals require a constant supply of oxygen. • Mammals have two adaptations that increase the efficiency of the lungs: the diaphragm and air sacs. • Diaphragm is a dome shaped sheet of muscle, it pulls air into the lungs by expanding the chest cavity. • Air sacs increase area for oxygen to be exchanged. • Many mammals are able to exhale air to vibrate vocal cords and produce a variety of sounds.
Internal Transport
• Blood flows through a double loop circulatory system and a four chambered heart. The chambers are 2 atria and 2 ventricles.
Size of mammals
• Mammals vary in size
– Smallest—pygmy shrew—must eat constantly – Largest—blue whale—weighs as much as 32 elephants
• Mammals live in most types of environment. Their hair, sweat glands and fat varies depending on where they live.
Response…
• When in danger mammals will.. – Run quickly – Use horns and hooves to strike – Work in herds or a pack
Response…
• Some have good smell—dogs, cheetah, other meat eaters • Some have good hearing, high frequency sound waves—dogs and bats • Most have good eyesight, several cannot see color. Underground mammals have poor vision but good touch and smell