考研英语语法定语

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考研英语语法总结经典版

考研英语语法总结经典版

考研英语语法总结经典版一、句子成分1.主语:句子中起名词或代词作用,通常位于句子的开头。

例:Tom likes to play basketball.(主语是Tom)2.谓语:句子中表示动作、状态或存在的部分,通常位于主语之后。

例:She is reading a book.(谓语是is reading)3.宾语:句子中接在动词后面的成分,回答“谁”或“什么”。

例:He bought a new car.(宾语是a new car)4.表语:句子中用来描述主语的成分,通常是形容词、名词或介词短语。

例:The weather is sunny.(表语是sunny)5.定语:句子中用来修饰名词或代词的成分,通常是形容词、数字、名词短语等。

例:The old man lives in the small house.(定语是the small house)6.状语:句子中用来修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分,通常是副词或介词短语。

例:She works hard.(状语是hard)7.同位语:句子中用来解释、说明或补充前面名词或代词的成分。

例:My best friend, Alice, is a doctor.(同位语是Alice)二、时态和语态1.时态:表示动作发生的时间或状态的时间。

-现在时:表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。

例:I am reading a book.-过去时:表示过去发生的动作或状态。

例:He bought a new car.-将来时:表示将来要发生的动作或状态。

例:I will go to the beach tomorrow.-过去完成时:表示过去一些时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。

例:She had finished her homework before dinner.2.语态:表示动作的主体和受体。

-主动语态:表示主语执行动作或状态。

例:He cleans the room every day.-被动语态:表示主语承受动作或状态。

考研英语短语作定语四类情况如何译

考研英语短语作定语四类情况如何译

考研英语短语作定语四类情况如何译要提升翻译技能就要熟悉语法,还要掌握不同类型的句式的译法。

定语是修饰名词或代词的句子成分。

英语的实词、短语及从句都可以作定语。

下面,小编为大家详细介绍翻译中短语作定语的几种情况。

1. 分词短语作定语2. 介词短语作定语3. 形容词、不定式短语作定语在翻译中,短语作定语常常翻译到中心词前,接下来具体举例说明其考查方式及翻译方法。

1.ing现在分词作定语2000 75)Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements ---------themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.ing现在分词作定语1) 在哪里划线断句?2) 这句话中ing现在分词作定语在哪?放在哪个中心词前面翻译?翻译:额外的社会压力也可能会产生由于人口爆炸和由大量人口流动所引起的各种问题。

如今,现代交通工具使得大量人口流动变得相对容易。

1998 73)Astrophysicists working with ground-based detectors at the South Pole and balloon-borne instruments are closing in on such structures ,and may report their findings soon.中小学辅导网wangxiao.so/提示您:翻译:用在南极的路基探测器和气球携载仪器来工作的天体物理学家,正在越来越近的观察这样一些结构,不久就会报告他们的发现成果。

2.Ved过去分词短语作定语2003 63)The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.翻译:强调搜集第一手资料,加上在分析过去和现在的文化形态时采用的跨文化视角,使这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

考研英语语法:学会辨认六类从句

考研英语语法:学会辨认六类从句

考研英语语法:学会辨认六类从句从句类型在英语中,经常使用的从句有以下六类:1. 主语从句:一个句子在整个句子中充当主语的成分,该句子被称为主语从句。

2. 宾语从句:一个句子在整个句子中充当宾语的成分,该句子被称为宾语从句。

3. 表语从句:一个句子在整个句子中充当表语的成分,该句子被称为表语从句。

4. 定语从句:一个句子在整个句子中充当定语的成分,该句子被称为定语从句。

5. 状语从句:一个句子在整个句子中充当状语的成分,该句子被称为状语从句。

6. 同位语从句:一个句子在整个句子中充当同位语的成分,该句子被称为同位语从句。

►从句的辨认如果想辨认从句类型,学生们应该对从句的基本形式有所认识。

无论是哪种从句类型,在句子中充当成分的"句子"应该都具备以下特征:从句=从属连词+句子了解了从句的基本结构,那么应该如何辨别从句类型呢?学生可以在句子中通过简单的公式进行辨认。

常见的从句出现形式有四类:1. 名词+从属连词+句子=定语从句/同位语从句2. 动词+从属连词+句子=宾语从句/表语从句3. ×+从属连词+句子=状语从句4. 从属连词+句子+动词=主语从句对于以上四类从句出现形式有了一定的了解,那么今天就首先看看第一类从句出现形式的辨认方法和注意事项吧!1. 名词+从属连词+句子=定语从句/同位语从句例子1:Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.(1997年Text2)从句类型:定语从句辨别方式:a virtue(名词)+that(从属连词)+many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers(句子)译文:然而,表示友好是一种美德,美国人高度重视这种美德,并期望邻居和陌生人都能有这种美德。

考研英语语法之三大从句

考研英语语法之三大从句

三大从句一、定语从句定语从句,简言之,就是用来做定语的句子,即用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的句子。

这个被修饰的名词或代词因为总是在定语从句的前面,所以我们称之为先行词。

而引导定语从句的连词,叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。

One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools.(一)定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象。

只有正确找出先行词,才能明白定语从句所修饰的究竟是什么成分,才能正确理解句子前后各部分的逻辑关系,分清句子结构,从而正确理解句子。

1. 一个词(通常是名词,也可以是代词)For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.2. 一个短语During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.3. 一个从句The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.4. 一个完整的句子As can be seen from the comparison of these figures, the principle involves the active participation of the patient in the modification of this condition.They are invited to the state banquet, which was a great honor to them.(二)引导定语从句的关系词1.It is about YOU, and how you performed and what you accomplished in those past jobs –especially those accomplishments that are most relevant to the work you want to do next.She had recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to draw upon in starting her own business.At the same time, the American Law Institute – a group of judges, lawyers and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight – issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.dream, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn’t have changed anything.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.(三)定语从句与先行词的隔离考研英语中有很多复杂的定语从句,它们的先行词并不像常规那样紧靠着关系词,而是在先行词与关系词之间插入了很多成分。

考研英语基础语法汇总

考研英语基础语法汇总

考研英语基础语法汇总一、非谓语动词( V+ing, V+ed)1, 动名词(1)作主语和宾语Saying is easier than doing.说比做容易。

(2)作介词宾语We get pleasure from loving and being loved.我们从爱别人和被别人爱中得到快乐。

2,分词作定语(1)前置The beginning student should be given more encouragement.初学者应多给予鼓励。

A balanced diet provides nutrition for your body.均衡的食物使你的身体获得营养。

(2)后置Those living on a mountain live off the mountain.靠山吃山Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizen.小时候受过良好教育的儿童长大会成为好公民。

3,分词作状语Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.听到这个消息,他们立即出发到上海去了。

Seen from the pagoda, the south foot of the Purple Mountain is a sea of trees.从这个塔上远眺,紫金山南麓是树的海洋。

Printed white, the house looks bigger.漆成白色后,这房子像是更大了。

Having written an important letter, I litsened to the music for a while.写完一封重要的信之后,我听了一会儿音乐。

Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.持极端观点的人认为,人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,所以对待动物无须考虑道德问题。

英语语法 什么是定语

英语语法 什么是定语

英语语法什么是定语定语(Adjective)是一种修饰名词或代词的词或词组。

它的作用是描述或限定名词或代词,提供更多的信息,帮助我们更准确地理解和描述所指的事物。

定语可以出现在名词的前面或后面,它可以是单个形容词,也可以是由其他词构成的短语或从句。

不过,无论出现在名词的前面还是后面,定语都与所修饰的名词或代词在性、数和格上保持一致。

下面是一些例子来说明定语的作用:1. The red apple.红色的苹果。

在这个例子中,"red"(红色)是一个单个形容词,它修饰名词"apple"(苹果),提供了苹果的颜色信息。

2. I live in a small house.我住在一所小房子里。

在这个例子中,"small"(小)是一个单个形容词,它修饰名词"house"(房子),提供了房子的大小信息。

3. The book on the table is mine.桌子上的那本书是我的。

在这个例子中,"on the table"(在桌子上)是一个由介词和名词构成的短语,它修饰名词"book"(书),提供了书的位置信息。

4. She is the girl who won the competition.她是那个赢得比赛的女孩。

在这个例子中,"who won the competition"(赢得比赛的)是一个从句,它修饰名词"girl"(女孩),提供了女孩的背景信息。

定语可以用于单个名词或代词,也可以用于名词短语、不定式、从句等。

它可以提供关于大小、颜色、形状、位置、数量、性质、归属等方面的信息。

总结一下,定语是一种修饰名词或代词的词或词组,它提供了关于所指事物的更多信息。

定语可以是单个形容词、短语或从句,它可以出现在名词的前面或后面。

通过使用定语,我们可以更准确地描述和理解所指事物。

考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖

考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖

考研英语【定语从句】典型例句剖析1. Active learning, in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor, is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.【参考译文】积极的学习,即学生们写文章或做实验,然后让一位老师评估他们的作业,对那些还没有完全学会如何学习的学生来说要更为有益得多。

【结构分析】该句可分为两大部分:Active learning, (in which students write essays or perform experiments and then have their work evaluated by an instructor,)is far more beneficial for those who have not yet fully learned how to learn.括号外的内容是主句,括号里的内容是介词+which 模式的定语从句;主句的主语是Active learning,谓语是is,表语是beneficial,far more是状语,其中far是程度副词,相当于much,for those是状语,其后who引导的定语从句中,主语是who,谓体是have not yet fully learned,宾语结构是how to learn。

括号内的定语从句修饰前面的Active learning,由三部分构成,即or…and连接的三个并列句,第一个并列句的主语是students,谓语是write,宾语是essays,第二个并列句的谓语是perform,宾语是experiments,第三个并列句的谓语是have...evaluated,宾语是work,by an instructor是状语结构。

考研英语语法同位语从句和定语从句的区别

考研英语语法同位语从句和定语从句的区别

考研英语语法同位语从句和定语从句的区别英语语法中同位语从句和定语从句经常会被混淆。

下面是小编为大家带来的同位语从句和定语从句的区别的知识,欢迎阅读。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别同位语从句和定语从句的混淆点是:这两种从句都可以被that引导,而且先行词都是名词。

那么怎么区别呢?首先:先行词虽然都是名词,但是名词在定语从句中做先行词的范围要比同位语从句广泛很多。

同位语从句的先行词是表示信息、观点、主张、事实等(如:idea, view, thought, order, suggestion, news, truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt, fear, problem, proof, question)等抽象的名词,而定语从句的范围不仅仅是这些名词,换言之,如果是表示具体意义的先行词,那么后面的'从句是定语从句。

并且,连接词在从句中的作用也不一样。

连接词在同位语从句不做成分,因为同位语从句本身的作用是对前面的名词进行解释说明的补充作用;连接词在定语从句中做成分。

换言之,如果连接词如果在从句中做成分,则从句是同位语从句,如果连接词不在从句中做成分,则从句是定语从句。

另外,what, how, whether等不能用引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。

接下来,就来看定语从句和同位语在考研英语翻译的应用。

首先,与that引导定语从句相比,that引导的同位语从句相对要少。

来看一下同位语从句的考察,划线部分为同位语从句,加粗的字体为先行词。

2004- (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.2007- (48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media.2008- (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.2010-(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.2010-(48) Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless” species.2011-(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its erroneous nature.(46) But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.1997-(74) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.再次,我们来看一下that引导的定语从句,举两个例子:2001-(71) There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend.Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place.对于同位语从句,同位语的先行词不是定语成分,而是被定语所修饰的名词,翻译方法可以是“先行词+是+同位语从句”。

考研英语语法 定语从句详解附译文

考研英语语法 定语从句详解附译文

考研英语语法定语从句详解附译文定语从句是中国人学英语最重要的难点之一。

其实定语从句很有规律,总结如下:在关系代词中that既可指人又可指物、既可作主语又可作宾语,因此,除了在非限定性定语从句中,用that一般不会出问题。

关系副词的用法比较单一,它们从句中只起状语的作用,表示时间的就用who,表示地点的就用where,而why只修饰一个词,即reason。

定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”,因为它总是处在定语从句的前头,比定语从句先行一步。

引导定语从句的词叫关系词,包括关系代词和关系副词。

•关系代词:who,which,that作从句的主语whom,which,that作从句的宾语(可省略)whose从句中作定语以下情况只能用that,不能用which:i.先行词为不定代词all, little, none,any,every,no,much, anything, nothingii. 先行词有最高级和序数词修饰时(包括: the only, the very, the same, the last, the next等)iii.先行词既有人又有物的时候以下情况只能用which,不能用that;①引导非限制性定语从句(包括代表整个主句的意思时)②介词+关系代词的结构中•关系副词:when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语why指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,只修饰reason。

如果用定语从句把两个句子合二为一:首先找出两个句子当中相同的部分,定语从句修饰的就是这一部分。

要把其中一个句子变成定语从句,就要把这句中相同的那个部分用一个关系词来代替; 代替时,先看被代替的部分是指人还是指物、再看它作什么句成分。

指人并作主语的,就用who。

或that; 指人并作宾语的,就用whom或that; 指人并作定语的,就用whose。

指物并作主语的,就用which或that; 指物并作宾语的,还是用which或that; 指物并作定语的,就用whose或of which。

考研英语语法 定语从句(1)

考研英语语法 定语从句(1)

LECTURE 1 定语从句本堂目标学会识别定语从句的先行词、关系词,熟悉限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别,重点掌握几种特殊的关系词,识别并理解定语从句。

基础预习定语从句,简言之,就是用于修饰名词或代词的一个具有完整主谓结构的句子。

这个被修饰的名词或代词因为总是在定语从句的前面,所以我们称之为先行词。

而引导定语从句的连词,称为关联词,关联词包括关系代词或关系副词。

【例】(09-Part B)一、定语从句的先行词先行词是定语从句所修饰的对象。

只有正确找出先行词,才能明白定语从句所修饰的究竟是什么成分,才能正确理解句子前后各部分的逻辑关系,分清句子结构,从而正确理解句子。

先行词其实并不一定都是一个词,先行词可以是:1.一个词(通常是名词,也可以是代词)【例】2.一个短语【例】(07-Text 3)3.一个从句【例】(04-61)4.一个完整的句子【例】二、引导定语从句的关系词【例1】【例2】【例3】(07-Text 2)【例4】(99-Passage 1)【例4】(05-Part B)三、定语从句与先行词的隔离考研英语中有很多复杂的定语从句,它们的先行词并不像常规那样紧靠着关系词,而是在先行词与关系词之间插入了很多成分,这时靠近关系词前后的名词就不是先行词了,也就是说定语从句与其所修饰的先词词被分隔,这种分隔有以下三种情况:1.作主语的先行词+谓语部分+定语从句当修饰一个主语的定语从句很长,而此主语对应的谓语部分很短时,可以将这个定语从句与先行词分割开来放于谓语之后以保持句子的平衡。

这种被分割的定语从句要注意寻找其对应的先行词,否则容易出现理解错误。

【例1】2.先行词+其他定语+定语从句先行词同时带有多个定语,而其中定语从句比其他定语长,结构也较复杂,此时,按照英语尾重原则,把结构复杂的定语从句放在其他定语之后。

这种情形最为常见。

【例】(04-完形)3.先行词+状语+定语从句【例】(05-Text 4)四、带有插入语的定语从句有些定语从句的关系词后面往往紧跟一个“主谓结构”,如I know, I believe,he claimed, they assume等。

考研英语语法 定语从句与同位语从句的区别

考研英语语法 定语从句与同位语从句的区别

考研英语语法定语从句与同位语从句的区别同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope,belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt,truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,主句的一局部或是整个主句,如:The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。

(同位语从句)Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很快乐。

(定语从句)定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴,如:The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。

)The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语。

)有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句,如:That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。

(同位语从句)引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般做主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略,that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替,如:The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。

考研英语句子成分(打印版)

考研英语句子成分(打印版)

英语句子成分详解句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的,表达一个完整的意义。

一个句子一般由两部分构成,即主语部分和谓语部分,这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。

句子的次要成分包括宾语,定语,状语,表语、同位语等。

一.主语:主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme),是句子所述说的主体、对象。

它的位置一般在一句之首。

可用作主语的有一个单词、短语、从句乃至句子。

1.名词作主语。

如:A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。

)Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。

)2.代词用作主语。

如:He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑) Everybody enjoyed themselves on vacation. 假期里大家都过得很愉快。

3.数词用作主语。

如:Three is enough. 三个就够了。

Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。

4.名词化的形容词用作主语。

The old and the young are taken good care of in that village.5.副词用作主语(极少见)。

如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了。

6.名词化的介词作主语。

如:The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come.我们必须承受人生之沉浮。

7.不定式用作主语。

如:To find your way can be a problem.你能否找到路可能是一个问题。

It is impossible to defeat a person who never gives up.要打败一个永不放弃的人是不可能的。

8.动名词用作主语。

如:Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。

【英语】考研英语定语从句的限制与非限制

【英语】考研英语定语从句的限制与非限制

【关键字】英语考研英语定语从句的“限制”与“非限制”来源:文都教育谈到考研语法,不少同学直呼头疼加后悔,悔不该当初没听初高中英语老师讲的条条框框,虽然部分同学“侥幸”飘过西六级,但面对考研一个个长难句还是“望句兴叹”,觉得自己知道的那点语法知识实在看不懂句子成分,尤其是在判断定语从句时,不知道从句到底修饰的是哪个词,今天考研英语中心将定语从句这个语法角度来为同学结合真题进行演练。

英语语法中,将定语从句分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语两种类型,它们的共同点就是在句中作定语成分,那么它们的不同点呢?1.先行词和关系词的不同限制性定语从句:➢先行词:仅限于名词或代词➢关系词:关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose; 关系副词有when, where, why (当关系词在从句中作宾语时可省略)非限制性定语从句:➢先行词:不仅包括名词、代词;还包括短语或句子➢关系词:关系代词有which, who, whom, whose; 关系副词有when, where(关系词不可省略)2.作用的不同限制性定语从句:➢作用:对先行词起到制约作用,去掉后句意不完整非限制性定语从句:➢作用:对先行词起到补充说明的左右,去掉后意义完整例:She has a brother who is a lawyer. 她有一个作律师的弟弟(可能不止一个弟弟)例:She has a brother, who is a lawyer. 她有一个弟弟,他是作律师的(有且只有一个)3.形式上的不同限制性定语从句:无“,”隔开,紧邻先行词,翻译成“....的”非限制性定语从句:有“,”隔开,翻译时另起一句真题应用:1.Children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditionalfamily structure.(2014年完型)句子结构主语:Children主+谓+宾谓语:are likely宾语:to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family 解析宾语中:➢介词短语at home作状语修饰动词大概式to have➢连词than引导的定语从句than was common in the traditional family 修饰名词less supervision定语从句中(主系表结构):➢主语:连词than➢系动词:was➢表语:common➢状语:in the traditional family译文:现在的孩子们在家里受到的监督比传统家庭中的孩子受到的监督要少本句中需注意的是连词than,我们通常习惯它在比较状语从句中的用法,而在考研中它在定语从句中的用法也很常见,需要在做题时注意。

考研英语语法学习之定语

考研英语语法学习之定语

第 1 页 共 1 页 考研英语语法学习之定语定语中的“定”的含义就是修饰、限定,用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。

同学们头脑中的定语主要是形容词,但是除了形容词外还有其他的词或者短语以及句子都能够用来起修饰作用。

定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。

在汉语中,中心语与定语二者之间有的需要用结构助词“的”,因此能够判断一个成分作定语的标志就是能够翻译为“…的”。

对于什么成分可以用来作定语我们也可以像分析主语一样,同样从三个方面入手:词、短语、句子。

下面,为大家一一详述。

首先,词中最主要的当然是同学们都熟悉的形容词。

例如pretty girl 中的pretty ,large animals 中的large 等等。

这样的词语很容易辨析。

词中第二类是名词,但是这些词语已经约定俗成的被当成了一个名词,其实他们之间也是有修饰关系的,比如hair style 这个名词,其中hair 实际上是用来修饰style 的,翻译成“头发的样式”。

第三类是代词,如my ,your ,…等等翻译成“我的”“你的”实际上也可以作定语。

第四类是数词,比如a five year old boy 中的five years old 便是数词做定语修饰boy 。

其次,短语也可以作定语,分为三类:第一类,形容词短语作定语,例如peasants busy getting in crops ,在这个句子当中busy getting in crops 作定语修饰peasants ,翻译成正在收粮食的农民。

而这个短语是有busy 引导的形容词短语,因此形容词短语也可以作定语。

第二类是介词短语。

举一个同学们常见的例子,比如说你是某某大学的学生,翻译成英语是I am a student of XX university.在这个句子中,of XX university 作定语修饰student 。

第三类是非谓语动词,也就是to do 、doing 、done 。

2022考研英语语法:定语的四种结构用法

2022考研英语语法:定语的四种结构用法

一、主从结构译为并列结构例1:The police are concerned for the safety of the 12-year-old boy who hasbeen missing for three days.那个12岁的男孩失踪三天了,警方对他的安全感到担忧。

例2:Each of London’s districts had a distinct character that marked it offfrom its neighbours.伦敦的每个区都有鲜明的特征,与邻近地区不同。

例1的译文用了两个主谓结构,也可以说是两个并列短句。

若译作“警方对那个已失踪三天的12岁男孩的安全感到担忧”,异文就因定语太长而不顺了。

例2的译文用了一个主语带两个并列的谓语。

总之,这两个例子,原文是主从结构,而译文是并列结构。

这也正是英汉两种语言在句子结构方面最大的区别。

二、分词作定语译为两个主谓分句例3:Police investigating the train derailment have not ruled outsabotage.警方调查火车出轨事件,没有排除人为破坏的可能。

例4:Any event attended by the actor received widespread media coverage.这位演员参加任何一项活动,媒体都作了广泛报道。

例3和例4,原文各有一个分词短语作定语:investigating……和attended by ……。

例3的译文用了一个主语带两个并列谓语,例4的译文用了两个主谓结构。

译文中没有出现“调查火车出轨事件的警方”之类的话。

三、不定式短语做定语译为连动谓语例5:He was the only one to speak out against the decision.只有他站出来反对那项决定。

例6:He had long coveted the chance to work with a famous musician.他渴望有机会与著名音乐家一起工作的念头已经由来已久了。

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Look at all these countries I used to own.
exercises:
Many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played.(2008 年 Text4)
exercises:
Many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played.(2008 年 Text4) 许多历史学家开始关注奴隶制所扮演的角色。
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live. (2003 年翻译)
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live. (2003 年翻译) 此外,人类有能力改变他们生活的环境。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Enoki is a kind of food which/that is hard to digest.
exercises:
There exists no language in the world that cannot convey complex ideas.(2005 年 Text4)
翻译规则: 1.找名词后面跟着关系词。 2.把从句部分翻译到名词前面(定语从句小于8个单词)。 3.把从句部分单独成句(定语从句大于8个单词)。
Those are the students who saved the cat. 那些是救了那只猫的学生。
翻译规则: 1.找名词后面跟着关系词。 2.把从句部分翻译到名词前面(定语从句小于8个单词)。 3.把从句部分单独成句(定语从句大于8个单词)。
why / which ?
Your dad will not believe the reason _______ you told him. This is the reason _______ we chose Mr. Li the chairman.
① 定语从句的间隔修饰 ② 关系词的省略 ③ in which
区别:
I can‘t remember who has come to my of office. I can‘t remember the man who has come to my of office. I want to know which book is better. I want to read the book which is better.
2. 分 词
非谓语
doing 现在分词 done 过去分词
作定语(adj.)
主动 被动
定语从句复习
初高中的知识点和练习
定语从句
This is a beautiful girl. This is a girl who is beautiful.
用一个句子充当定语
定语从句
This is a beautiful girl. This is a girl who is beautiful.
非限定性定语从句
知识点和练习
①专有名词
They climbed to the top of Mount Tai, where they enjoyed the view of sunrise.
2015/5/24
②类指
A bear, which is thought as foolish, is actually clever.
许多社会问题的例子
什么可以做定语?
1. 名词way,time,reason,chance,opportunity,need,ability,right,等 用不定式做定语 真题例句: Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote. (2008 text 4) They have no need to cultivate political support. (2012 完型改编)
现在分词短语
5. The window broken by kids is mine.
过去分词短语
什么可以做定语?
对比:
the growth of the use of English
英语的使用的增长
a number of foreign visitors
许多外国游客
那么这句怎么理解?
a host of examples of the social problems
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe.(2004 年翻译) 希腊人认为语言的结构与思想的过程有某种联系,这(种观点)在欧洲扎下了根。
1,修饰名词。在名词后。 2,标志:that, who, which, when, where 3,翻译规则
翻译规则: 1.找名词后面跟着关系词。 2.把从句部分翻译到名词前面(定语从句小于8个单词)。 3.把从句部分单独成句(定语从句大于8个单词)。
Those are the students who saved the cat.
Those are the students who saved the cat and help it to find its home.
翻译规则: 1.找名词后面跟着关系词。 2.把从句部分翻译到名词前面(定语从句小于8个单词)。 3.把从句部分单独成句(定语从句大于8个单词)。
Those are the students who saved the cat and help it to find its home. 就是那些学生,救了那只猫并帮它找到了家。
关系代词/关系副词
who/whom which whose when where why
① 修饰时间 ② 谁 修饰人称 ③ 修饰地点 ④ 修饰物品等名词 ⑤ 谁的 ⑥ 修饰原因
关系代词/关系副词
who/whom
可以用that代替
which
whose
when
where
why
① 修饰时间 ② 谁 修饰人称 ③ 修饰地点 ④ 修饰物品等名词 ⑤ 谁的 ⑥ 修饰原因
什么可以做定语?
真题例句: Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote. (2008 text 4) 在旧时代,奴隶没有选举权。 They have no need to cultivate political support. (2012 完型改编) 他们没有培养政治支持的必要。
考研英语语法
如何找谓语?
do 原形 does 单三 did 过去式
谓语
doing 现在分词/动名词
done 过去分词
非谓语
to do 不定式
doing、done、to do 不能单独做谓语
I do my homework. I am doing my homework. I have done my homework. I want to do my homework.
区别:
宾语从句:在及物动词后面;which(哪一个)that(没有意义),其他连词意义不变 定语从句:在名词后面;which/ that指代被修饰的名词,who/ whom指代被修饰的人
when指代被修饰的时间名词,where指代被修饰的地点名词,why指代reason
另外:what, whether (or not), if 可以引导宾语从句,但不可以引导定语从句
2015/5/24
③先行项是句子
President Obama is changed into a woman, which 2015/5/24 is really funny.
练习:
I didn’t buy the flowers which made her angry.
I didn’t buy the flowers, which made her angry.
什么可以做定语?
2. 为什么有的用doing做定语,有的用done做定语? 为什么有的在名词前面,有的在后面?
a flying car
The car flying in the sky is mine.
a broken window
The window broken by kids is mine..
一、前置定语
什么可以做定语?
1. a famous American university
形容词
2. two boys need two pens
数词
3. Family risk has risen as well.
名词
4. The shop sells all kinds of hats.
介词短语
I will never forget the day _w_h_i_c_h_/_th_a_t_I spent with Mr. Bean.
where / which ?
The factory _____ I bought is over there. The factory _____ I work is over there.
关系词
关系代词:
that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词有: when, where, why
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