中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧(潘永红)

中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧潘永红 1通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系然后才能猜词有时文章借助关联词如becauseassinceforsothusas a resultof coursetherefore等等表示前因后果例如You shouldnt have blamed him for thatfor it wasnt his fault通过for引出的句子所表示的原因那不是他的错可猜出blame的词义是"责备"

2通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词一是要看由and或or 连接的同义词词组如happy and gay即使我们不认识gay这个词也可以知道它是愉快的意思二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词如Man has known something about the planets VenusMarsand Jupiter with the help of spaceships此句中的Venus 金星 Mars 火星 Jupiter 木星均为生词但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域通过反义词猜词一是看表转折关系的连词或副词如butwhilehowever等二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语如He is so homelynot at all as handsome as his brother根据not at allhandsome我们不难推测出homely的意思即不英俊不漂亮的意思3通过构词法猜词在阅读文章时我们总会遇上一些新词汇有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用此时如掌握了一些常用的词根前缀后缀等语法知识这些问题便不难解决了

4通过定义或释义关系来推测词义例如But sometimesno rain falls for

a longlong timeThen there is a dry periodor drought 从drought所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨于是便有一段干旱的时期即drought由此可见drought意思为"久旱""旱灾"而a dry period和drought是同义语这种同义或释义关系常由isorthat isin other wordsbe called或破折号等来表示5通过句法功能来推测词义例如Bananasorangespineapplescoconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas假如pineapples和coconuts 是生词我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思从句中不难看出pineapplescoconuts和bananasoranges是同类关系同属fruit类因此它们是两样水果准确地说是菠萝和椰子

6通过描述猜词描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写例如The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South PoleIt is fat and walks in a funny wayAlthough it cannot flyit can swim in the icy water to catch the fish从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性

短文改写填空型阅读理解题的解答技巧是首先通读全文对文章的大意有个初步的了解同时找出文章中的关键句在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点然后纵览缩写后的短文在了解其大意的同时确定所要填写的内容即词语或短语是否与已知文段中的相一致填写时一定要仔细比如有的属于固定搭配有的句子是文中原句的同义句这些只要稍加注意就可避免出错同时还要注意动词时态人称名词单复数是否有误首字母是否大写句子的主谓搭配是不是合理等最后将改写后的文章再通读一遍看看改写后的短文是否流畅语句是否通顺同时还要照顾到原

文看改写后的短文是否与原文意思相符合

My grandfather was a teacher He was the headmaster of a school for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen I know that he was a kind man because when I was young and he was old he gave me presents and sat me on his knees and told me stories But I believe the boys at his school were afraid of him At school when he walked into a room full of noisy boys they stopped talking at once When he looked at a boy with a certain 某种 look in his eyes that boy was red in the faceand looked down at his shoes If a boy brought him poor careless work my grandfather picked up the boys book and threw it across the room shouting Do it all again and bring it back first thing in the morning If the boy was late or if he forgot to bring his work he had to do it again and again and yet again My grandfather never forgot At school he was very different from the man I saw day by day in his own home

根据短文内容改写每个空格只限填写一个单词

When I was young I studied at a 1 school We were all 2 thirteen and eighteen Our headmaster was 3 old man He was kind but all of 4 were afraid of him For example we were playing talking and laughing 5 he came in at once the classroom became quiet If a boy didnt 6 his homework well or carefully he would be very 7 and asked the boy to do it again and 8 But his 9 told he never did things 10 that at home