考研英语逻辑关系词,代词,和文章结构词

1.五类逻辑关系（前三类常考为核心，后二类为非核心）：

第一类逻辑关系词：转折，让步，对比（本质：不一致）

(1). 转折，对比：however, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, yet*, though*, whereas*, while*, still*（但是）, conversely, contrarily, contrary to, to the contrary, on the contrary, by contrast, in contrast, in comparison（相反地）, compared with (与…相比), unlike（不像）, excluding, save, except, except that, except for, other than, barring*, aside from*, apart from*（不包括）

(2). 让步：even if, even though, despite, in spite of, granted that, granting that, albeit, notwithstanding, although, though*, whereas*, while*（尽管）, (but) even so, (but) even now, (but) even then（尽管如此）, regardless of, irrespective of, regardless, even*（即使）

(3). 转折，让步，对比：while*（尽管，然而）

(4). 对比：instead, instead of, rather than, prefer to（与其做…不如做…）, either…or…（或者…或者…）, neither…nor…（既不…也不…）, other, anothe r（其它）, some…,others…（一些…另一些…）; some…most…（一些…大部分…）;some…the remaining(一些…剩余的…); the former…the latter…（前者…后者…）; on （the）one hand…on the other hand…; on (the) one side…on the other side…（一方面…另一方面…）; some…others…still oth ers…（一些…另一些…再一些…）; against (相对) 类逻辑词：

no, not, without, hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, less（否定功能）, stop, cease（停止）, firstly, at first, previously（曾经）, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, actually(其实), oppose, against（反对）, comparison, contrast（对比）, interestingly（有趣的是）, ironically（讽刺的是）, (un)fortunately（不幸的是）, than(比较级), anyway, anyhow（无论如何，不顾）,

第二类逻辑关系词：并列，递进，举例（本质：一致）

并列：and（和）, or（或者）, also, as well as, as well, too（也）,equally, similarly, alike, likewise, similar to（与…相似）, consistent with, parallel with（与…一致）, aside from*, apart from*, besides, including（包括）, still*（仍然）, according to(根据), as*, like*, as if, as though（像，如）, the way（按…的方式）, as usual（像通常那样）

递进：furthermore, moreover, additionally, in addition, in addition to, what’s more（并且）, above all（最重要的是）, indeed（的确）, even*（甚至）, not on ly…but (also)…not simply…but (also)（不仅…而且…）, more importantly, more significantly(更重要的是), still*, yet*, even*（更，后加比较级）

举例总分：for example, for instance, such as, like*（例如）, of, among, in, between（在这些当中…）

举例分总：on the whole, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in summary, in a word, in a nutshell, to conclude, to sum up, all in all, generally, in general, overall, over all（总而言之）, eventually, finally, lastly, at last（最终）

举例的分：firstly, at first, first and foremost, in the first place, to begin with, to start with（第一）, secondly, in the second place, in the meanwhile*, meanwhile*, simultaneously* (与此同时) , then*（然后）, 递进词（第二）, thirdly（第三）…

类逻辑词：

并列：“,”, “;” ,“—” ,“()” , namely, viz., that is, or rather, in other words, put another way(即), this/it mean, this/it refer to, this/it signify, this/it suggest, this/it imply, this/it indicate, this/it conveys, this/it infer, this/it demonstrate, this/it show, this/it illustrate, this/it display, this/ it manifest, this/ it depict, this/it boil down to…(这意味着, 这指的是), call sth. sth., regard sth. sth. (宾语补足语), 同位语, 同位语从句, same(相同), again, once more(再次), still*(仍然,用于肯定