(完整word版)语言学导论复习资料

Chapter 1 Introduction

I. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best

complete the statement.

1. If a study describes and an alyzes the Ian guage people actually use, it is said to be

C

A. prescriptive

B. analytic

C. descriptive

D. linguistic

2. Which of the follow ing is not a desig n feature of huma n Ian guage? D

A. Arbitrari ness

B. Displaceme nt

C. Duality

D. Meaningfuln ess

3. Moder n lin guistics regards the writte n Ian guage as C ________ .

A. primary

B. correct

C. sec on dary

D. stable

4. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writing, because

_____ D ____ .

A. in lin guistic evoluti on, speech is prior to writ ing

B. speech plays a greater role tha n writ ing in terms of the amount of in formati on

conveyed.

C. speechis always the way in which every n ative speakeracquires his mother ton

gue.

D. All of the above

5. A historical study of Ian guage is a __B__ study of Ian guage.

A. synchronic

B. diachr onic

C. prescriptive

D. comparative

6. Saussure took a(n) A view of Ian guage, while Chomsky looks at la nguage

7. Accordi ng to F. de Saussure, _C _ refers to the abstract lin guistic system shared

by all the members of a speech com mun ity.

A. parole

B. performa nee

C. Lan gue

D. la nguage

8. Lan guage is said to be arbitrary becausethere is no logical conn ecti on betwee n

__B ___ and meanin gs.

A. sense

B. Sounds

C. objects

D. ideas

9. Lan guage can be used to refer to con texts removed from the immediate situati ons

of the speaker. This feature is called _ A __ .

from a _______ point of view.

A. sociological, psychological

C. applied, pragmatic B. Psychological, sociological

D. sema ntic, li nguistic

A. displaceme nt

B. duality

C. flexibility

D. cultural tran smissi on

10. The details of any Ian guage system is passed on from one gen erati on to the n ext through

__D__ , rather tha n by in st inct.

A. lear ning

B. teach ing

C. books

D. both A and B

II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given.1.

1. Duality is one of the design features of human Ianguage which refers to the phe nomenon that

Ian guage con sists of two levels: a lower level of meanin gless in dividual sounds and a higher level of meanin gful un its.

2. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human com muni catio n.

3. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible senten

ces in Ian guages is called syntax .

4. Human capacity for Ianguage has a genetic, basis, but the details of Ianguage have to be

taught and lear ned.

5. Parole _ refers to the realizati on of Ian gue in actual use.

6. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settlement of some practical problems.

The study of such applicati ons is gen erally known as applied _ lin guistics.

7. Language is productive, in that it makes possible the construction and in terpretati on of new

sig nals by its users. In other words, they can produce and un dersta nd an infin itely large nu mber of senten ces which they have n ever heard before.

III. Define the following terms.

1. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form senten ces is called syn

tax.

2. Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the applicati on of lin guistic

prin ciples and theories to Ian guage teachi ng and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second Ianguages. In a broad sen se, it refers to the applicatio n of lin guistic findings to the soluti on of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.

3. Arbitrari ness: It is one of the desig n features of Ian guage. It means that there

is no logical connection betwee n mea nings and soun ds.

4. Displaceme nt Displaceme nt means that Ian guage can be used to refer to things which are

prese nt or not prese nt, real or imag ined matters in the past, prese nt, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, la nguage can be used to refer to con texts removed from the