2011年生物技术专业英语教程大纲-推荐下载

课程编号《课程名称》课程教学大纲一、课程概况生物技术专业英语课程中文名称Specialized English for biotechnology课程编号13481107课程英文名称课程类别□公共必修课□公选课√院级限选课□学科基础课□专业基础课□专业限选课□专业任选课总学时32讲授学时32实验学时总学分2开课单位农学院开课系生物技术系授课对象生物技术专业先修课程分子生物学执笔人胡汉桥审核人审批人修订时间2011．4．16二、课程简介《生物技术专业英语》课程的主要目的是通过学习与专业相关的英语知识后，能较熟练地阅读专业文献，为毕业论文（设计）或今后从事专业研究打下坚实的基础。

通过本课程的学习，同学们应该大致了解专业英语的文单元的结构、词汇、写作方法及其与公共英语的异同点。

掌握生物技术专业常用的英语词汇，能较顺利的阅读、理解和翻译。

三、课程性质《生物技术专业英语》是针对生物技术专业学生在学完公共英语课后开设的一门选修课程。

生物技术已经发展成为了新的世界经济增长点，引起了世界各国普遍的关注；此外，随着全球一体化的趋势的发展以及科学技术国际交流活动的日趋频繁，这一切都对英语的学习提出了高的要求。

学好专业英语已经成为我们获取国际信息的一种重要的工具和手段。

四、课程教学目标通过精读内容的学习使学生掌握科技英语的阅读技巧；科技英语词汇的一般构成法；掌握科技英语词汇的一般读音规律；了解科技英语写作的一般特点；英语翻译中的基本技法。

五、理论教学内容及要求（一）、理论讲授部分第一章DNA CLONING: AN OVERVIEW（1）教学目的和要求： 了解基因克隆的定义、寄主、载体等概念，DNA文库筛选及克隆分析等。

（2）教学重点和难点： 克隆的过程。

【教学目标】（1）了解基因克隆的定义、寄主、载体等概念，DNA文库筛选及克隆分析等。

（2）理解寄主、文库及筛选、探针等。

（3）掌握基因克隆的过程。

【学时分配】4学时【授课方式】多媒体【课外学习指导的要求】1、课外阅读资料无2、作业与思考题将全文翻译成中文并按要求排版，并作成Powerpoint.【教学重点和难点】（1）重点：基因克隆的过程。

（2）难点：基因克隆的过程。

【授课内容】1．DNA cloning：DNA doning facilitates the isolation and manipulation of fragments of an organism's genome by replicating them independently as part of an autonomous vector.2. Hosts and vectors: Most of the routine manipulations involved in gene cloning use Escherichia coli as the host organism. Plasmids and bacteriophages may be used as cloning vectors in E. coli. Vectors based on plasmids, viruses and whole chromosomes have been used to carry foreign genes into other prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.3. Subcloning: Subcloning is the simple transfer of a cloned fragment of DNA from one vector to another; it serves to illustrate many of the routine techniques involved in gene cloning.4. DNA libraries: DNA libraries, consisting of sets of random cloned fragments of either genomic or cDNA, each in a separate vector molecule, are used in the isolation of unknown genes. Screening libraries: Libraries are screened for the presence of a gene sequence by hybridization with a sequence derived from its protein product or a related gene, or through the screening of the protein products of the cloned fragments.5. Analysis of a clone: Once identified, a cloned gene may be analyzed by restriction mapping, and ultimately by DNA sequencing, before being used in any of the diverse applications of DNA cloning.【授课方法与手段】（可根据需要填写）（1）教学方法讨论式，每篇文章由5位同学自己讲，每人讲15分钟。

（2）教学手段多媒体教学第二章PREPARATION OF PLASMID DNA（1）教学目的和要求： 了解基因克隆的定义、寄主、载体等概念，DNA文库筛选及克隆分析等。

（2）教学重点和难点： 克隆的过程。

【教学目标】（1）了解质粒作为载体的条件。

（2）理解质粒提取过程中各试剂的作用。

（3）掌握质粒提取的过程、原理及用途。

【学时分配】4学时【授课方式】多媒体【课外学习指导的要求】1、课外阅读资料无2、作业与思考题将全文翻译成中文并按要求排版，并作成Powerpoint.【教学重点和难点】（1）重点：质粒提取的过程、原理及用途。

（2）难点：质粒提取的过程、原理及用途。

【授课内容】1. Plasmids as vectors: Bacterial plasmids, small circular DNA molecules which replicate independently of the host genome and encode antibiotic resistance, are the commonest vectors for carrying cloned DNA.2. Plasmid minipreparation: A plasmid may be obtained on a small scale for analysis by isolation from a few milliliters of culture, a process known as a minipreparation or miniprep.3. Alkaline lysis: An alkaline solution of SDS lyses E coli cells and denatures protein and DNA. Neutralization precipitates the chromosomal DNA and most of the protein, leaving plasmid DNA and RNA in solution.4. Phenol extraction: Extraction with phenol or a phenol-chloroform mixture removes any remaining protein from an alkaline lysate.5. Ethanol precipitation: Nucleic acid may be precipitated from solution by the addition of sodium acetate and ethanol, followed by centrifugation. The method is used to concentrate the sample. Cesium chloride gradient: A CsC1 gradient can be used as part of a large-scale plasmid preparation to purify supercoiled plasmid DNA away from protein, RNA and linear or nicked DNA.【授课方法与手段】（可根据需要填写）（1）教学方法讨论式，每篇文章由5位同学自己讲，每人讲15分钟。

（2）教学手段多媒体教学第三章RESTRICTION ENZYMES AND ELECTROPHORESIS（4）【教学目标】（1）了解限制性内切本科的种类。

（2）理解限制性内切酶及其酶切。

（3）掌握限制性内切酶、识别序列、酶切末端、片段的分离等。

DNA电泳。

【学时分配】4学时【授课方式】多媒体【课外学习指导的要求】1、课外阅读资料无2、作业与思考题将全文翻译成中文并按要求排版，并作成Powerpoint.【教学重点和难点】（1）重点：限制性内切酶、识别序列、酶切末端、片段的分离等。

DNA电泳。

（2）难点：限制性内切酶、识别序列、酶切末端、片段的分离等。

DNA电泳。

【授课内容】1. Restriction endonucleases: Restriction endonucleases are bacterial enzymes which cut (hydrolyze) DNA into defined and reproducible fragments. In bacteria, they form part of the restriction-modification defense mechanism against foreign DNA. They are the basic tools of gene cloning.2. Recognition sequence: Restriction enzymes cleave DNA symmetrically in both strands at short palindromic (symmetrical) recognition sequences to leave a 5'-phosphate and a 3'-OH. They leave blunt ends, or protruding 5'- or 3'-termini.3. Cohesive ends:Restriction enzyme products with single-stranded termini are said to have cohesive or 'sticky' ends, since they can anneal by base pairing to any other fragment with a complementary terminus.4. Restriction digests: Commercially supplied enzymes are used to digest plasmid DNA before analysis or purification of the fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis.5. Agarose gel electrophoresis: Agarose gels separate linear DNA on the basis of size, by the migration of DNA through a matrix under the influence of an electric field. Electrophoresis may be used to determine the gross organization of plasmid molecules.6. Isolation of fragment: Specific DNA fragments may be cut out of agarose gels and purified for use in subsequent cloning experiments.【授课方法与手段】（可根据需要填写）（1）教学方法讨论式，每篇文章由5位同学自己讲，每人讲15分钟。