测绘专业术语中英文对照

工程测量学engineering surveying

测量学gematics, surveying

大地水准面geoid surface

平均海水面mean sea level

高程elevation, height

平面坐标horizontal coordinate

高程基准height datum

铅垂线plumb line

三角高程测量trigonometric heighting

水准测量direct leveling, leveling

精密水准测量precise leveling

水准仪level

水准尺leveling staff

附合水准路线link route

闭合水准路线loop route

水准支线open route

水准网leveling Network

闭合差misclosure

水准点Bench Mark, or BM

后视backsight

前视foresight

水平角horizontal angle

竖直角vertical angle

经纬仪theodolite

光学经纬仪optical theodolite

电子经纬仪electric theodolite

对中centering

整平leveling

指标差index error

水平度盘horizontal circle

竖盘vertical circle

视准轴line of collimation (LOC)

距离测量distance measurement

平距horizontal distance

斜距slope distance

高差height difference/difference in height 钢尺steel tape

钢尺量距steel taping 视距法测距stadia tacheometry

电磁波测距electromagnetic distance measurement (EDM)

全站仪total station

直线定向line orientation

方位角azimuth

象限角bearing

粗差gross error, mistake, blunder or outlier

系统误差systematic error

偶然误差random/accidental error

误差传播定律error propagation law

测量（值）measurement/observation

真误差true error

真值true value

精度指标precision indicator

方差variance

中误差standard deviation (SD)

容许误差allowable error

相对误差relative error

极限误差limited error

最或然值most probable value

算术平均值arithmetic mean

权weight

测站station

转点turning point

控制网control network

水平控制网horizontal control network

高程控制网vertical control network

工程控制网engineering control network

控制测量control survey

导线traverse

导线测量traverse survey

导线转折角traverse angle

导线边长traverse leg

坐标正算direct coordinate computation

坐标反算inverse coordinate computation