分析化学英文
第一章 绪论(分析化学人民卫生出版社第8版)
第一章 绪论
《 第一章 绪论 》
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分析化学 （Analytical Chemistry）
什么是分析化学？
What
Why
为什么要学习分析化学
？
如何学习分析化学？
How
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目录
CATALOG
01 分析化学的定义、任务及其特点
02 分析化学的作用和发展趋势
◈实验性强 ：
强调动手能力、培养实验操作技能， 提高分析解决实际问题的能力。
◈综合性强：
涉及化学、生物、电学、光学、计 算机等,体现能力与素质。
分析化学工作者应具有很强的责任心
《 第一章 绪论 》
特点
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分析化学的作用及发展趋势
1991年IUPAC国际分析科学会议主席E.NIKI 教授所说，21世纪是光明还是黑暗取决于人类 在能源与资源科学、信息科学、生命科学与环 境科学四大领域的进步，而取得这些领域进步 的关键问题的解决主要依赖于分析科学。
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教学要求和成绩评价
掌握
定性、定量和结构分析的基本原理。
掌握
分析测试的基本方法和操作技能。
培养
《 第一章 绪论 》
学生实事求是的科学态度和严谨细致的工作 作风，为后续专业课程打下良好的基础。
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习题
1、分析化学的英文名称是（ ）
A
A、analytical chemistry
医药卫生
临床检验：血液、尿液等指标的检测。
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分析化学的作用及发展趋势
分析化学实验(英文)
Experiment 1PH standard solution preparation and concentration comparisonA Purpose of the experiment1.Learning to master the instrument commonly used in titration of washing and proper use.2.Titration analysis of practice operations through an initial grasp of methyl orange, phenolphthalein indicator end point determination.3.Grasp the pH standard solution preparation method.Two Experimental principle0.1 mol / L HCl solution (strong acid) and0.1 mol / L NaOH solution (alkaline) when each titration, pHsp 7.0, the pH titration jump range of 4.3- 9.7, select the color range in jump indicator ( such as methyl orange, phenolphthalein), can be measured to ensure sufficient accuracy.In the case of the same indicator, a certain concentration of HCl solution and NaOH solution each titration, the ratio of the volume consumed by V HCl / V NaOH should be certain, to, you can test titration technique and the ability to judge the end .Three Main reagents and instruments1. HCl solution of 6 mol / L.2.Saturated NaOH solution (concentration of about15-19 mol /L).3.Methyl orange solution1g / L.4.Phenolphthalein solution of 2 g / L ethanol.Four Experimental procedure1.Solution preparation(1) 0.1 mol / L HCl solution in a clean graduated cylinder to measure small-about8.3 mL 6 mol / L HCl solution was poured into480 mL of water containing about500 mL reagent bottle, add water, diluted to500 mL,covered with glass Cyprus, shaking.(2) 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution in a clean graduated cylinder to measure small about3.3 mL saturated NaOH,poured into480 mL of water containing about500 mL reagent bottle, add water, diluted to500 mL,covered with rubber plug, shake uniform.2.Titration between pH solution(1) with0.1 mol / L NaOH alkaline solution rinse buret2-3times, each time with 5-10 mL solution rinse.And then directly into the alkaline titrant buret in the buret liquid level adjusted to0.00scale.(2) with0.1 mol / L HCl solution, rinse Acid Burette2-3times, each time with5-10 mL solution rinse.And then directly into the acidic titrant in the buret, buret liquid level adjusted to0.00scale.(3)from the buret in the release of alkaline NaOH solution20.00 mL in250 mL conical flask, add2drops of methyl orange indicator, with0.1 mol / L HCl titration to change from yellow to orange.Note reading, parallel to the determination of three.Data record in Table 1, calculate the volume ratio V HCl / V NaOH.(4)from the buret in the release of acidic solution of20.00 mL HCl in250 mL conical flask, add2drops of phenolphthalein indicator, with0.1 mol / L NaOH solution titration to change from colorless to reddish, the red does not maintain the30s fade to end. Note reading, parallel to the determination of three.Data recorded in Table 2, calculate the volume ratio V HCl / V NaOH,and compare the Table1and Table 2, the volume ratio V HCl / V NaOH.Five Data ProcessingIn this study, the data recording and processing are shown in Table1and Table 2..Table 1 HCl NaOH solution titration(using methyl orange as indicator)Table 2 NaOH titration of HCl solution (phenolphthalein as indicator)Six Thinking problems1. HCl and NaOH solution concentration can be accurately prepared me directly?Why?2.Titration analysis in the experiment, buret, pipet titrator and why the need to take to move the solution washed several times Run?Titration flask used have to apply the titrant Run wash?Why?3.Why NaOH titration with HCl using methyl orange as an indicator when, while titration of HCl with NaOH using phenolphthalein as an indicator of when (or other appropriate indicator)?Experiment 2NaOH solution calibration and the determination of total acidity in vinegarA Purpose of the experiment1. To understand base material and potassium dihydrogen phthalate (KHP)the nature of its application.2.Master NaOH standard solution of the preparation, standardization and save points.3.Titration weak acid strong base titration to master the process of jump range and choice of indicator principle.4.To understand the analysis of total acidity of vinegar.Two Experimental principleAcetic acid is an organic weak acid(Ka = 1.8 × 10- 5), and NaOH in the reaction isHAc + NaOH = NaAc + H 2 OReaction product was weak alkali salt, alkaline titration jump in the context of such optional alkaline range of phenolphthalein indicator color.Consumption of acetic acid in vinegar is about30-50 g / L (3- 5%).NaOH standard solution prepared with the calibration method, commonly used potassium dihydrogen phthalate (KHP)as the base material and calibration of its concentration. Calibration reaction is:KHC 8 H 4 O 4 + NaOH = NaKC 8 H 4 O 4 + H 2 OThree Main reagents and instruments1.Saturated NaOH solution (concentration of about15-19 mol /L).2.Phenolphthalein solution of 2 g / L ethanol.3.Potassium dihydrogen phthalate (KHP) standard substance1h at100-125℃ after drying, placed in a desiccator spare.Four Experimental procedure1. 0.1 mol / L NaOH standard solution in the preparation and calibration(1) 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution prepared in a clean small graduated cylinder to measure about 3.3 mL saturated NaOH, poured into480 mL of water containing about500 mL reagent bottle, add water, diluted to500 mL,covered with rubber plug , shake well.(2) 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution to poor calibration of the weighing bottle, weighed KHP three subtraction, each0.4-0.6 g,were poured into250 mL conical flask, adding25-35 mL of water, heating to KHP to dissolve completely.Coolish after blowing flask with distilled water (why?).When completely cooled solution by adding2-3drops of phenolphthalein indicator, calibrated with NaOH solution to be titrated to maintain the30s reddish and shall end not fade.Note the reading, the data records shown in Table 1, calculate the concentration of NaOH solution.2.Determination of total acidity in vinegarPipet25.00 mL of vinegar solution in250 mL conical flask, add2drops of phenolphthalein indicator, titrated with NaOH standard solution changed from colorless to reddish, the red does not fade as the end to keep 30s.Note reading, parallel to the determination of three.Data recorded in Table 2, calculate the total acidity of vinegar, the result in g/100 mL said.Five Data ProcessingIn this study, the data recording and processing are shown in Table1and Table 2..Table 1 NaOH standard solution calibrationTable2Determination of total acidity in vinegarSix Thinking problems1.Calibration standard solution of NaOH the base material used is what?Compared with other benchmark materials, it has any significant advantage?2.Determination of vinegar content, why use phenolphthalein as the indicator? Whether the use of methyl orange or methyl red as indicator?3.Phenolphthalein indicator from colorless to reddish, the solution pH,how many?Red solution in the air, then placed into a colorless why?Experiment 3HCl solution, calibration and determination of total alkalinity of alkali dustA Purpose of the experiment1.Learn anhydrous sodium carbonate and borax base material and the nature of its application.2.Master HCl standard solution of the preparation and calibration procedure.3.To master the dual bases, titration acid titration process of jump range and choice of indicator principle.4.To master the basic elements of quantitative transfer operation.Two Experimental principleAlkaline ash (that is, industrial soda ash) is mainly composed of sodium carbonate, soda brand name, which may also contain a small amount of NaCl, Na 2 SO 4,NaOH and NaHCO and other ingredients.Often HCl standard solution for the determination of total 3alkalinity titrant to measure the quality of the product.Titration reactionNa 2 CO 3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H 2 CO 3H 2 CO 3 = H 2 O + CO 2↑Reaction H 2 CO 3is easy to form the supersaturated solution and decomposes to COand escape.Stoichiometric point,pH value of 3.8- 3.9, can be used methyl orange 2as indicator, titrated with HCl standard solution, the solution changed from yellow to orange to end.Sample of NaHCO 3were in the same time and.As the sample is easy to absorb moisture and CO 2,the sample should be dried at270-300℃ 2 h, to remove adsorbed water and to all of NaHCO 3into Na 2 CO 3,alkali dust of the total alkalinity is usually Or Said that as the poor uniformity of samples, moresamples should be weighed to make it more representative.Determination of allowable error may be relaxed.Calibration method using HCl standard solution preparation, often with methyl orange as indicator, with anhydrous Na 2 CO 3as the base material and calibration concentration. Calibration reaction is:Na 2 CO 3 + 2HCl = 2NaCl + H 2 CO 3Can also be used borax(Na 2 B 4 O 7 · 10H 2 O)as the base material, using methyl red as indicator, calibration standard solution of HCl concentration.Calibration reaction is:Na 2 B 4 O 7 · 10H 2 O + 2HCl = 2NaCl + 4H 3 BO 3 + H 2 OThree Main reagents and instruments1. HCl solution of 6 mol / L.2.Anhydrous Na 2 CO 3base material Drying at180℃ for2-3 h later, placed ina desiccator spare.3.Methyl orange solution1g / L.Four Experimental procedure1. 0.1 mol / L HCl standard solution for preparation and calibration(1) 0.1 mol / L HCl solution prepared in a clean graduated cylinder to measuresmall-about8.3 mL 6 mol / L HCl solution was poured into480 mL of water containing about500 mL reagent bottle, add water, diluted to500 mL,cover the glass stopper, shake.(2) 0.1 mol / L HCl solution to poor calibration of the weighing bottle, subtraction, said anhydrous Na 2 CO 3three, each of0.15-0.20 g,respectively, into250 mL conical flask, adding25-35 mL water, heated to completely dissolve Na 2 CO 3.Coolish after blowing flask with distilled water (why?).When completely cooled solution, add2drops of methyl orange indicator to be calibrated with HCl titration solution from yellow to orange as the end point exactly.Note the reading, the data records shown in Table 1, calculate the concentration of HCl solution.2.Alkaline ash Determination of total alkalinityAccurately weighed sample 1.8-2 g and the beaker, add appropriate amount of water, heated to dissolve the sample completely.After cooling, quantitatively transfer the solution to250 mL volumetric flask with water set to the mark, shake it well.Pipet25.00 mL test solution three in250 mL conical flask, adding20 mL water and2drops of methyl orange indicator, titrated with HCl standard solution from yellow to orange as the end point exactly.Note the reading.Data recorded in Table 2, calculate the total alkalinity of the sample, the results indicated by Na 2O%.Five Data ProcessingIn this study, the data recording and processing are shown in Table1and Table 2..Table 1 HCl standard solution for calibrationTable2Determination of total alkalinity of alkali dust (m alkali gray= g)Six Thinking problems1.Why are prepared0.1 mol / L HCl solution,500 mL requirements take 6 mol / L HCl solution of8.3 mL?Write a calculation formula.2.Anhydrous Na 2 CO 3kept properly, absorb the1%water, with this reference material and calibration of the concentration of HCl solution, what the impact on its results?3. When titrated with HCl solution, the use of methyl orange and phenolphthalein indicator to distinguish the two samples are from the Na 2 CO 3-NaOH or Na 2 CO 3-NaHCO 3 composition?4.Demarcation of the two reference substances HCl,Na 2 CO 3and anhydrous borax(NaB 4 O 7 · 10H 2 O)is what advantages and disadvantages of each?2Experiment 4EDTA solution calibration and determination of water hardnessA Purpose of the experimentplexometric titration study the theory and application.2.Grasp the complexometric titration of the direct titration.3.Master EDTA solution preparation and calibration.Two Experimental principleDetermination of water hardness and total hardness of water into calcium - magnesium hardness of the former is to measure the total calcium and magnesium, the latter were measured concentration of calcium and magnesium.Countries in the world that the method of water hardness varies, generally use the degrees (°) said,1°= 10 mg CaO / L.Less than16° for the soft water, greater than16° for the hard water.The total hardness of tap water generally is less than 16°.In addition, China also uses mmol / L or mg / L (CaCO 3)as the unit of water hardness.In this study EDTA complexometric titration of total water hardness.The ammonia in pH10buffer to chrome black T as indicator, with triethanolamine, and Na 2 S masking Fe 3 +, Al 3 +, Cu 2 +, Pb 2 +, Zn 2 +and other ions, with EDTA standard solution titration, can be directly measured total water hardness.Titration reactionCa 2 + + Mg 2 + +Y → CaY + MgYEDTA standard solution prepared with the calibration.In this experiment, chrome black T (EBT)as indicator, as the base material with CaCO 3concentration of calibration.Chrome black T indicator to improve the color of sensitivity, can be added to an appropriate amount of MgY.Calibration reaction is:CaCO 3 + 2HCl = 2CaCl + H 2 CO 3Ca 2 + + MgY +Y → CaY + MgYThree Main reagents and instruments1. EDTA solution0.01 mol / L.2. NH 3-NH 4 Cl buffer solution of pH = 10.CaCO 3reference material dried at110℃, 2 h,coolish placed in the desiccator 3.after cooling to room temperature and set aside.4.Eriochrome Black T indicator 5 g / L (containing 25%triethanolamine and20% Na 2 S).5. HCl solution6mol / L.Four Experimental procedure1. 0.01 mol / L EDTA standard solution for calibrationSubtraction Method in the weighing bottle to accurately weigh0.2-0.3 g CaCO 3,poured into250 mL beaker, add a little water before wetting, cover the surface of dish, from beaker to beaker mouth Department dropping about 5 mL 6 mol / L HCl solution, so that CaCO 3is completely dissolved.Water50 mL,micro boiling a few minutes to remove CO 2.After cooling, rinse the beaker and watch glass, quantitative transfer of CaCOsolution in250 mL volumetric flask with water set to the mark, shake well.Pipet 325.00 mL Ca 2 +solution in the250 mL conical flask, adding20-25 mL water and5-10 mL MgY(obtained from the experiment in step 2), and then adding10 mL NH 3-NHCl buffer solution ,3drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator, immediately EDTA4titration, when the solution stabilized by a wine red to blue purple and then just end shall be.Note reading, measured three times in parallel, the data record shown in Table 1, calculate the concentration of EDTA solution.2.Determination of water hardnessGraduated cylinder to measure water with100 mL in250 mL conical flask, (adding1 -2drops of acid to sample solution, boil a few minutes to remove CO 2.Cooling), by adding10 mL NH 3-NH 4 Cl buffer solution,3drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator, immediately with EDTA titration, when the solution stabilized by a wine red to blue purple and then just shall end.Note reading, measured three times in parallel, the data record shown in Table 2,calculate the total water hardness, results in (°) said. Five Data ProcessingIn this study, the data recording and processing are shown in Table1and Table 2.Table 1 EDTA standard solution for calibrationTable2Determination of water hardnessSix Thinking problems1. EDTA used in this experiment with what indicator should be calibrated? The most appropriate benchmark for material that?2.In the calibration process, adding MgY What is the role?MgY it should be accurate to join?3.In this study, the total hardness in tap water (°) that should be reserved several significant figures? A brief explanation.Five calibration experiments EDTA solution and Bi 3+, Pb2+ content of DeterminationA Purpose of the experiment1.Control the acidity increase by the control theory and application of selective EDTA.2.To master continuous titration with EDTA method.3.Master EDTA solution preparation and calibration.Two Experimental principleMixed ions were commonly used control acidity titration method, masking method can be demonstrated according to the side reaction coefficient of the possibility of their titration, respectively.Bi 3+,Pb2+and EDTA can form a stable1: 1complex,lgK 27.94and 18.04,respectively. Because of the difference lgK vary widely, it can make use of pH effect, control of different acidity, for each titration.At pH ≈ 1时titration Bi 3+, at pH ≈ 5-6时titration of Pb 2+.EDTA standard solution prepared with the calibration.In this experiment, xylenol orange (XO)as indicator, calibrated with ZnO as the base material and its concentration. Calibration reaction is:ZnO + 2HCl = ZnCl 2 + H 2 OZn 2 + +Y → ZnYThree Main reagents and instruments1. EDTA solution0.01 mol / L.2.Hexamethylenetetramine solution of200 g / L.3. ZnO base material and dried at300℃ for 2 h,coolish placed in the desiccator after cooling to room temperature and set aside.4.Xylenol orange (XO) indicator 2 g / L.5. HCl solution of 6 mol / L.Four Experimental procedure1. 0.01 mol / L EDTA standard solution for calibrationSubtraction Method in the weighing bottle to accurately weigh0.16-0.24 g ZnO,into 250 mL beaker, add a little water before wetting, cover the surface of dish, from beaker to beaker mouth Department dropping about5 mL 6 mol / L HCl solution to ZnO completely dissolved.Water20 mL,micro boiling a few minutes.After cooling, rinse the beaker and watch glass, quantitative transfer of Zn 2 +solution in250 mL volumetric flask with water set to the mark, shake well.Pipet25.00 mL solution of the Zn 2 +in250 mL conical flask, dropping hexamethylenetetramine solution to a stable red solution was then over3 mL,then add2drops of xylenol orange indicator immediately with EDTA titration, when the solution stabilized by the purple into a bright yellow orange and then just end shall be.Note reading, three parallel determination, calculated the concentration of EDTA solution.2. Bi 3+, Pb2+ content of DeterminationAccurately pipet Bi 3+,Pb2+test solution was10.0 mL in250 mL three conical flask, add2drops of xylenol orange indicator, titration with EDTA, (adding1-2drops to test solution acidification, boiling minutes to remove CO 2.cooling), by adding10 mL NH 3-NH 4 Cl buffer solution, when the solution from purple through orange and then just turned into a stable bright yellow shall be Bi 3+ in the end.Note reading, calculating mixture of Bi 3+ content results in g / L,said.In the titration of Bi 3+ solution after the adding hexamethylenetetramine solution to a stable red solution was then over3 mL,then add2drops of xylenol orange indicator, and immediately titrated with EDTA,when solution stabilized by the purple into a bright yellow orange and then just shall Pb2+in the end.Note reading, calculating mixture of Pb2+ content, results in g / L,said.Five Data ProcessingIn this study, data records and forms from the column.Six Thinking problems1. EDTA used in this experiment with what indicator should be calibrated? The most appropriate benchmark for material that?2.Why not NaOH, NaAc or ammonia, but with hexamethylenetetramine adjust pH to5 - 6?experiment six Back titration samples of aluminum content in aluminumA Purpose of the experiment1.Grasp the back titration.2.Learn replacement titration.3.Mental and physical, hands-on experimental design.Two Experimental principleAl 3 +is easy to form a series of polynuclear hydroxy complexes, the polynuclear hydroxyl complexes with EDTA complex and slow; the same time,Al 3 +closed indicator xylenol orange, it is usually determined by back titration of aluminum.Quantitative and adding excess EDTA standard solution, boil a few minutes at pH≈ 3.5,so that Al 3 +and EDTA complex completely, then at pH 5- 6, with xylenol orange as indicator, with Zn 2 +salt standard excess of EDTA solution and back titration of aluminum content.Reactive as follows:Al 3 + + Y = AlY (pH≈ 3.5)Zn 2 + + Y = ZnY (pH5- 6)(Indicator has just changed from yellow to purple XO)Three Main reagents and apparatusAluminum nitrate samples; ZnO; HCl (1 +1),(1+3); EDTA (0.01mol / L);xylenol orange(2 g / L);Hexamethylenetetramine(200 g / L);ammonia(1 +1).Four Experimental procedure1 Zn2 + salt standard solution preparationWeigh accurately0.20-0.21 g ZnO in a small beaker, dropping(1 +1) HCl to ZnO completely dissolved, then supplement of1drop (1 +1) HCl, heating, cooling, into250 mL volumetric flask , set the volume, shake and set aside.ZnO calculated according to the quality of the material in the amount of standard solution concentration (in Zn 2 +dollars).2 0.01mol / L EDTA standard solution for preparation and calibrationMeasure out50 mL EDTA solution(0.1mol / L)in the reagent bottle, diluted to500 mL with distilled water around, shake and set aside.Dispense25 mL Zn 2 +standard solution (three) in the conical flask, add2drops of xylenol orange, was added dropwise to the solution of hexamethylenetetramine just become purple, then over 3 mL;with homemade The EDTA titration to the solution just becomes bright yellow for the end, record the volume consumed EDTA solution.According to the data of the exact concentration of EDTA solution.3 Determination of aluminum in aluminum-containing samplesWeigh accurately0.53-0.55 g aluminum nitrate samples in small beaker, add3drops (1 +3) HCl, add the appropriate amount of water dissolved, transferred to a250 mL volumetric flask, volume, shaking.Dispense the Al test solution25 mL(three) in the conical flask, were added50 mL EDTA solution accuracy(about 0.01mol / L), 2drops of xylenol orange, then yellow test solution, add ammonia to the solution was purple, together with(1 +3) HCl solution, the solution yellow.Boiled 3 min,cooling.Add 20 mL of hexamethylenetetramine, then the solution should be yellow, red if the solution must also dropping (1 +3) HCl,to turn plement plus1drop of xylenol orange, Zn 2 +standard solution with flat to just drop into the purple to finish, recording the consumption of Zn 2 +standard solution volume.According to the experimental data of the content of aluminum in aluminum-containing samples (in percentage terms of quality).Five Data recording and processingTable1 EDTA standard solution for calibration(m ZnO = g, c ZnO = mol / L)Table2Determination of aluminum in aluminum-containing samples (G sample= g)The formula is:Six Thinking problems1.For complex alloy sample without replacement titration, while the use of back titration, the result is high or low?2.Back titration with the replacement of EDTA used in titration What is the difference?Experiment 7KMnO 4solution,H 2 O 2calibration and determinationA Purpose of the experiment1.Grasp the KMnO 4solution preparation and calibration process, understand the autocatalytic reaction.2.Master KMnO 4 H 2 O 2determination of the principles and methods.3.On the KMnO 4have experience of the characteristics of its own indicator.Two Experimental principleHydrogen peroxide in the industry, biology, medicine, have a wide range of applications, therefore, often required to determine its practical content.Determination by KMnO H 2 O 2content, often using KMnO 4in sulfuric acid solution standard solution direct 4titration.Titration reaction5H 2 O 2 +2 MnO 4-+ 6 H + =2Mn2+ + 5O2↑ + 8H2 OThe beginning of the slow reaction rate, reaction products to be generated after Mn 2 +, Mn 2 +as a catalyst to accelerate the reaction rate, it can be successfully titrated to a stable reddish presented to the end, so called auto-catalytic reaction.Slightly excessive titrant(2 × 10-6 mol / L)itself purple to display the end.KMnO 4standard solution prepared with the calibration method, often in dilute sulfuric acid solution, at75-85℃, using Na 2 C 2 O 4as the base material, calibration concentration.Calibration reaction is:5C 2 O 4 2-+2 MnO 4-+ 16 H + =2Mn2+ + 10CO2↑ + 8H2 OThe calibration response is autocatalytic reaction, the chemical reaction process should pay attention to acidity, temperature and titration rate.Three Main reagents and instruments1. H 2 SO 4solution of 3 mol / L.Na 2 C 2 O 4reference material Dried at105℃ for 2 h after the backup.2.3. KMnO 4solution of0.02 mol / L.Four Experimental procedure1. KMnO 4solution preparationWeigh KMnO 4solid1.6 g,dissolved in500 mL water, cover the surface of pan, heated to boiling and maintain micro-boiling state 1 h,after cooling, with a porous glass funnel (No.3or 4) filter.Filtrate stored in a brown reagent bottle.The solution at room temperature,2-3days after the filtration reserve.2. KMnO 4solution calibrationSubtraction Method in the weighing bottle to accurately weighed Na 2 C 2 O 4three, each of0.15-0.20 g,respectively, into250 mL conical flask, adding50-60 mL water and 15 mL H 2 SO 4, blowing a small amount of distilled water flask(Why?),heated to75-85℃, hot to be calibrated with a solution of KMnO 4titration.When the reaction began to slow titration, the solution had to be Mn 2 +,the titration speed may be faster, until the solution showed reddish and continued for half a minute does not fade shall end. Data record in Table 1, calculate the concentration of KMnO 4solution.3. H 2 O 2contentAccurate, pipet25.00 mL test solution in250 mL conical flask, three, by adding50 mL water and20 mL H 2 SO 4,KMnO 4standard solution with a titration solution and continued for half a minute showed reddish discoloration shall not end.When the reaction began to slow titration, the solution had to be Mn 2 +,the titration speed may be accelerated.Data recorded in Table 2,calculation of test solution in H 2 O 2content, results in g / L,said.Five Data ProcessingIn this study, the data recording and processing are shown in Table1and Table 2..Table 1 KMnO 4standard solution for calibrationTable2 H 2 O 2contentSix Thinking problems1. KMnO 4solution preparation process to use porous glass filter funnel, how can quantitative filter paper filter?Why?2.Prepared KMnO 4solution should pay attention to?With Na 2 C 2 O 4calibration KMnO 4solution, why start drops of KMnO 4purple disappear slowly?Then they disappear faster and faster, until the endpoint of stability of the purple?3.With KMnO 4 H 2 O 2determination, the ability to use HNO 3, HCl or HAc control of acidity?Why?4.Preparation of KMnO 4solution, the filtration after the filter on the adhesion of the material for that?What material should be used to clean?5. H 2 O 2What are the important properties, should pay attention to what use?Experiment 8CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O in the Cu contentA Purpose of the experiment1.Master Na 2 S 2 O 3solution preparation and calibration points.2.To understand the role of starch indicator principle.3.Indirect iodometric method for the determination to master the principle and operation of copper.4.To understand the decomposition of copper alloy samples.Two Experimental principleCopper alloy sample and CuSO 4 · 5H 2 O in the determination of copper, generally use the iodometric method.In weak acid solution,Cu 2 +and the role of excess KI to generate Cu I precipitation, while precipitation of I 2,titration reactionCu 2 + + 4 I-+ 6 H+= 2 Cu I↓+ I 22Precipitation of I 2,with starch as indicator, with Na 2 S 2 O 3standard solution titration:I 2 + 2 S 2 O 3 2-=2 I-+ S4O62-Cu 2 +and I- the reaction is reversible by adding excess KI, the reduction of Cu 2 + can become completely, but,CuI precipitate strongly adsorbed I 2,then the results will lower.The usual approach is to be incorporated in the near end of thiocyanate, the CuI (Ksp = 1.1 × 10-12)into the solubility of smaller CuSCN (Ksp = 4.8 × 10-15) precipitation, the adsorption of iodine released CuI to respond more fully.ThatCuI + SCN-= CuSCN + I-KSCN near the finish line should be added, or SCN- would restore the abundance of I 2,led to lower measured results.Solution pH should generally be controlled at3.0 -4.0between.Acidity is too low,Cu 2 +easily hydrolyzed, the reaction is not complete, the result is low, and slow reaction rate, the end extension; acidity is too high, then I- oxidation by oxygen in the air as I 2,so that the results high.Determination of copper in copper alloys, the samples of Fe 3 +oxidation of I-,affects the determination, but may be masked by adding NH 4 HF 2.NH 4 HF 2is a good buffer solution, can control the solution pH 3.0- 4.0between.Na 2 S 2 O 3standard solution prepared with the calibration method, often using K 2 CrO 7as the base material, calibration concentration.Calibration reaction is:2Cr 2 O 7 2-+ 6 I-+ 14 H + = 2 Cr 3 + + 3I 2 + 7H 2 OI 2 + 2 S 2 O 3 2-=2 I-+ S4O62-Three Main reagents and instruments1. KI solution of 4%.。
化学课程英文名称对照表
化学课程英文名称对照表磁共振实验Magnetic Resonance Experiment磁共振在化学和生命科学中应用Application of Magnetic Resonance inChemistry and Life Science核磁共振波谱学Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy核磁共振新技术及其应用Movdern Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Application角动量理论与原子结构Angular Momentum Theory & Atomic Structure聚合物改性原理与流变学The Principle of Modification and Theology of Polymer量子化学Quantum Chemistry量子化学计算方法Quantum Chemistry B谱学原理和应用Principles of Spectroscopes and TheirChemical Applications群论及其在量子化学中的应用Group Theory and Its Application to QuantumChemistry材料化学导论Introduction of Material Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry高等无机化学Advanced Inorganic Chemistry高等有机化学Advanced Organic Chemistry结构化学Structural Chemistry结构化学Structural Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry无机及分析化学Inorganic and Analytic Chemistry无机及分析化学Inorganic and Analytic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry仪器分析Instrumental Analysis仪器分析Instrumental Analysis仪器分析Instrumental Analysis有机化学Organic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry量子无机化学Quantum Inorganic Chemistry量子有机化学Quantum Organic Chemistry植物生长与发育的化学调整Chemical Adjustment of Plant's Growth分析化学Analysis Chemistry分析化学及实验Analytical Chemistry and Experiment分析化学实验Experiment of Analytical Chemistry计算机基础(C语言) Computer Basis C Language普通物理学General Physics无机化学实验Experiment in Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Experiment in Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Experiment in Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Experiment in inorganic Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry仪器分析实验Experiments of Instrument Analysis有机化学实验Organic Chemistry Experiment有机化学实验Organic Chemistry Experiment有机过渡金属化学Organotransition Metal ChemistryX射线晶体结构分析Crystal Structure Analysis by X-ray电分析化学实验Experiment in Electroanalytical Chemistry分子发光分析Molecular Luminescence Analysis分子发光分析进展Advances in Molecular Luminescence Analysis 高分子材料化学Polymer Chemistry高分子材料研究方法Research Methods of Polymeric Materials高分子合成与分子设计Polymeric Synthesis and Molecular Design 高分子化学实验Experiment of Polymeric Chemistry高分子物理实验Experiment of Polymer Physics化学分离法Chemical Method of Separation化学计量学Chemometrics化学统计力学和应用Statistical Mechanics and Applications in Chemistry化学文献Chemical Document化学文献Scientific Literature in Chemistry化学文献Chemical Literature化学文献Chemical Literature Searching金属有机高聚物Metallic Organic Polymer近代电分析Electroanalytical Chemistry近代分离分析Analytical Separation and Chromatography近代光分析Modern Light Analysis配位化学* Coordination Chemistry配位化学选读Selective Topics on Modern Coordination Chemistry无机材料化学The Chemistry of Inorganic Materials无机材料实验Experiment in Inorganic Materials无机材料物理Polymeric Materials Physics无机合成与研究方法Synthesis and Research Methods for Inorganic Substance无机物研究法Research Methods of Inorganic Substance 无机元素化学Inorganic Elements Chemistry物化专门化实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物化专门化实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物化专门化实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物理有机化学Physical Organic Chemistry仪器分析选读Advanced Instrumentation in Chemistry有机分析Analysis and Structure Determination of Organic Compounds有机分析实验Organic Analytic Experiment有机合成Organic Synthesis有机合成化学Synthetic Organic Chemistry有机合成实验Organic Synthesis Experiment有机化学文献Document of Organic Chemistry专业英语(分析) Scientific English on Analytical Chemistry 专业英语(无机) Specialty English专业英语(有机) Subject English专业英语(物化) Chemistry English生物无机化学Bioinorganic Chemistry生物无机化学Bioinorganic Chemistry材料工程导论Introduction of Materials Engineering 环境分析化学Environmental Analytical Chemistry 界面化学Surface Chemistry应用电化学Applied Electronic chemistry荧光分析法Flueremetry普通化学General Chemistry普通化学实验General Chemistry Experiments。
分析化学英文课件10分光光度法 Spectrophotometry
2.Molar absorptivityε
(1) Characteristic constant under certain condition for a
certain substance.
(2) Not change with c and wave path b. Under certain
temperature and wave length,εis only decided by the
c: concentration, g·L-１
a: absorptivity, L·g-１·cm-１
a andε: a =ε/ M （M : molar mass）
Transmittance: T
T : ratio of the radiant power transmitted to the incident radiant power :
ε = (6～10）× 104 : high sensitive；
ε = (2～6）× 104 : medium sensitive
ε < 2 × 104
: not sensitive。
Discrepancy of Lambert-beer’s law
The relationship between the absorbance and concentration may be nonlinear, which is the discrepancy of Lambert-Beer’s Law. The discrepancy may be caused by：
The selective absorbance and absorbance
curve
M + h → M*
化学课程英文名称对照表
化学课程英文名称对照表磁共振实验Magnetic Resonance Experiment磁共振在化学和生命科学中应用Application of Magnetic Resonance inChemistry and Life Science核磁共振波谱学Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy核磁共振新技术及其应用Movdern Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and its Application角动量理论与原子结构Angular Momentum Theory & Atomic Structure聚合物改性原理与流变学The Principle of Modification and Theology of Polymer量子化学Quantum Chemistry量子化学计算方法Quantum Chemistry B谱学原理和应用Principles of Spectroscopes and TheirChemical Applications群论及其在量子化学中的应用Group Theory and Its Application to QuantumChemistry材料化学导论Introduction of Material Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry高等无机化学Advanced Inorganic Chemistry高等有机化学Advanced Organic Chemistry结构化学Structural Chemistry结构化学Structural Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry无机化学Inorganic Chemistry无机及分析化学Inorganic and Analytic Chemistry无机及分析化学Inorganic and Analytic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry仪器分析Instrumental Analysis仪器分析Instrumental Analysis仪器分析Instrumental Analysis有机化学Organic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry量子无机化学Quantum Inorganic Chemistry量子有机化学Quantum Organic Chemistry植物生长与发育的化学调整Chemical Adjustment of Plant's Growth分析化学Analysis Chemistry分析化学及实验Analytical Chemistry and Experiment分析化学实验Experiment of Analytical Chemistry计算机基础(C语言) Computer Basis C Language普通物理学General Physics无机化学实验Experiment in Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Experiment in Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Experiment in Inorganic Chemistry无机化学实验Experiment in inorganic Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry物理化学实验Experiment of Physical Chemistry仪器分析实验Experiments of Instrument Analysis有机化学实验Organic Chemistry Experiment有机化学实验Organic Chemistry Experiment有机过渡金属化学Organotransition Metal ChemistryX射线晶体结构分析Crystal Structure Analysis by X-ray电分析化学实验Experiment in Electroanalytical Chemistry分子发光分析Molecular Luminescence Analysis分子发光分析进展Advances in Molecular Luminescence Analysis 高分子材料化学Polymer Chemistry高分子材料研究方法Research Methods of Polymeric Materials高分子合成与分子设计Polymeric Synthesis and Molecular Design 高分子化学实验Experiment of Polymeric Chemistry高分子物理实验Experiment of Polymer Physics化学分离法Chemical Method of Separation化学计量学Chemometrics化学统计力学和应用Statistical Mechanics and Applications in Chemistry化学文献Chemical Document化学文献Scientific Literature in Chemistry化学文献Chemical Literature化学文献Chemical Literature Searching金属有机高聚物Metallic Organic Polymer近代电分析Electroanalytical Chemistry近代分离分析Analytical Separation and Chromatography近代光分析Modern Light Analysis配位化学* Coordination Chemistry配位化学选读Selective Topics on Modern Coordination Chemistry无机材料化学The Chemistry of Inorganic Materials无机材料实验Experiment in Inorganic Materials无机材料物理Polymeric Materials Physics无机合成与研究方法Synthesis and Research Methods for Inorganic Substance无机物研究法Research Methods of Inorganic Substance 无机元素化学Inorganic Elements Chemistry物化专门化实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物化专门化实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物化专门化实验Physical Chemistry Experiment物理有机化学Physical Organic Chemistry仪器分析选读Advanced Instrumentation in Chemistry有机分析Analysis and Structure Determination of Organic Compounds有机分析实验Organic Analytic Experiment有机合成Organic Synthesis有机合成化学Synthetic Organic Chemistry有机合成实验Organic Synthesis Experiment有机化学文献Document of Organic Chemistry专业英语(分析) Scientific English on Analytical Chemistry 专业英语(无机) Specialty English专业英语(有机) Subject English专业英语(物化) Chemistry English生物无机化学Bioinorganic Chemistry生物无机化学Bioinorganic Chemistry材料工程导论Introduction of Materials Engineering 环境分析化学Environmental Analytical Chemistry 界面化学Surface Chemistry应用电化学Applied Electronic chemistry荧光分析法Flueremetry普通化学General Chemistry普通化学实验General Chemistry Experiments。
化学专业课程中英文对照
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化学专业课程中英文对照,已搜索,无重复! 普通化学 General Chemistry 分析化学Analytical Chemistry 有机化学 Organic Chemistry 物理化学 Physical Chemistry 谱学导论 Introducton of Spectroscopy 无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry 普通化学和分析化学实验 Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry 现在基础化学 The Principle of Mordern Chemistry 现在基础化学实验 Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry 有机化学实验 Experiments of Organic Chemistry 仪器分析和物理化学实验 Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and PhysicalChemistry 合成化学实验 Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry 现代化学专题 Topic of Modern Chemistry 化学综合实验 Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry 化工原理 Principle of Chemical Engineering 化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering 应用化学实验 Experiments of Applied Chemistry 无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry 近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry 分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry 有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds 有机合成及反应机理 Organic Synthesis and Mechanics 化学进展Progress in Chemistry 化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering 应用电化学 Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis 环境化学Environmental Chemistry 环境监测Environmental Monitoring 化学科技英语 Scientific English for Chemistry 数理方法在化学中的应用 Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry 化工制图 Chemical Engineering Cartography 计算机与化学测量实验 Computer and Chemical Measurement 化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics 应用化学专题 Special Topics in Applied Chemistry 化工装置常用词汇 1 一概论 introduction 方案(建议书) proposal 可行性研究 feasibility study 方案设计 concept design 工艺设计 process design 基础设计basic design 详细设计 detail design 开工会议 kick-off meeting 审核会议 review meeting 外商投资 foreign investment 中外合资 joint venture 中外合营 joint venture 补偿贸易 compensation trade 合同合同附件 contract 卖方 vendor 买方 buyer 顾客client 承包商 contractor 工程公司 company 供应范围 scope of supply 生产范围production scope 生产能力 production capacity 项目 project 界区 battery limit 装置plant 公用工程utilities 工艺流程图process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout 设备表 equipment list 成品(产品) product(final product) 副产品 by-product 原料 raw-material 设计基础数据basic data for design 技术数据 technical data 数据表 data sheet 设计文件 design document 设计规定 design regulation 现场服务 site service 项目变更 project change 用户变更 client change 消耗定额 consumption quota 技术转让 technical transfer 技术知识technical know-how 牋牋牋牋technical knowledge 技术保证technical guarantee 咨询服务 consultative services 技术服务 technical services 工作地点location 施工现场 construction field 报价 quotation 标书 bidding book 公司利润company profit 固定价合同 fixed price contract 固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract 成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization 银行保证书bank guarantee letter 保留金 retention 所得税 income taxes 特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes 城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes 工作手册 work manual 工作流程图 work flow diagram 质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures 采购计划 procurement plan 施工计划 construction plan 施工进度 construction schedule 项目实施计划 project execution plan 项目协调程序 project coordination procedure项目总进度计划 project master schedule 设计网络计划 engineering network logic 项目质量保证 project quality assurance 项目质量控制 project quality control 采购procurement 采购周期 procurement period 会签 the squad check 计算书 calculation sheets 询价inquiry 检验inspection 运输transportation 开车start up / commission 验收 inspection & acceptance 校核 check 审核 review 审定 approve 版次version 部门 department 专业 specialty 项目号 project number 图号 drawing number 目录 contents 序言 foreword 章 chapter 节 section 项 item MR material requisition SPEC engineering specification DATA SHEET(技术表) technical data sheet TBA(技术评标) technical bid analysis PDP preliminary design package PM (项目经理) project manager LDE(专业负责人lead discipline engineer MRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotation MRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchase BEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering package P&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagram NNF normally no flow FO failure open FC failure close C/S/A civil/structure/architecture DDP(详细设计阶段) detail design phase化工装置词汇二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process 间歇过程 batch process 工艺叙述process description 工艺特点process feature 操作operation 反应reaction 副反应 side reaction 絮凝 flocculation 浮洗 flotation 倾析 decantation 催化反应catalytical reaction 萃取extraction 中和neutralization 水解hydrolysis 过滤filtration 干燥drying 还原reduction 氧化oxidation 氢化hydrogenation 分解decomposition 离解dissociation 合成synthetics 吸收absorption 吸附 adsorption 解吸 desorption 结晶 crystallization 溶解 solution 调节 modulate 控制 control 悬浮 suspension 循环 circulation 再生 regeneration 再活化 reactivation 沥取 leaching 破碎 crushing 煅烧 caloination 沉降 sedimentation 沉淀 precipitation 气化 gasification 冷冻 refrigeration固化,结晶 solidification 包装 package 升华 sublimation 燃烧 combustion 引烧ignition 蒸馏 distillation 碳化 carbonization 压缩 compression 三,化学物质及特性固体 solid 液体 liquid 气体 gas 化合物 compound 混合物 mixture 粉 powder 片状粉未 flake 小粒 granule 结晶 crystal 乳化物 emulsion 氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂reducing agent 有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum 母液 master liquor 富液 rich liquor 贫液 lean liquor 萃出物 extract 萃余物 raffinate 絮凝剂 flocculants 冷冻盐水 brine 酸度 acidity 浓度 concentration 碱度 alkalinity 溶解度 solubility 凝固点solidificalion point 沸点boiling point 熔点melting point 蒸发率evaporation rate 粘度 viscosity 吸水的 water absorbent(a) 无水的 anhydrous(a) 外观 appearance 无色的 colorless(a)透明的transparent(a) 半透明的translucent 密度density 比重specific gravity 催化剂catalyst 燃烧combustion 引燃ignition 自然点self-ignition temperature 可燃气体combustible gas 可燃液体inflammable liquid 易燃液体volatile liquid 爆炸混合物explosive mixture 爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit 废水 waste water 废液waste liquid 废气off-gas 噪声noise pollution 成分composition 挠度deflection 力和力矩force and moment 弯矩bending moment 应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram 百分比 percentage 环境温度 ambient temperature 工作温度operating 设计温度 design temperature(pressure) 相对湿度 RH=relative humidity 油渣,淤泥 sludge 杂质 impurity 四,化工设备泵 pump 轴流泵 axial flow pump 真空泵vacuum pump 屏蔽泵 canned pump 柱塞泵 plunger pump 涡轮泵 turbine pump 涡流泵vortex pump 离心泵 centrifugal pump 喷射泵 jet pump 转子泵 rotary pump 管道泵inline pump 双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump 深井泵 deep well pump 齿轮泵 gear pump 手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump 螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump 潜水泵 submersible pump 斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump 封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump 轴承 bearing 叶轮 impeller 虹吸管 siphon 高压容器 high pressure vessel 焚化炉incinerator 火焰清除器 flame arrester 工业炉 furnace 烧嘴 burner 锅炉 boiler 回转窑 rotary kiln 加热器 heater 电加热器 electric heater 冷却器 cooler 冷凝器condenser 换热器 heat exchanger 反应器 reactor 蒸馏釜 still 搅拌器 agitator 混合器 mixer 静态混合器 static mixers 管道混合器 line mixers 混合槽 mixing tanks 破碎机 crusher 磨碎机 grinder 研磨机 pulverizer 球磨机 ballmill 过滤器 filter 分离器separator 干燥器drier 翅片fins 烟囱stack 火炬flare 筛子screen 煅烧窑calciner 倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator 再沸器 reboiler 萃取器 extractor 离心机 centrifuger 吸附(收)器adsorber 结晶器crystallizer 电解槽electrolyzer 电除尘器electric precipitator 洗涤器 scrubber 消石灰器 slaker 料仓 bin 料斗 hopper 加料器 feeder 增稠器 thickener 澄清器 clarifier 分级器 classifier 浮洗器 flocculator 废液池sump 喷射器 ejector 喷头 sprayer 成套设备 package unit 仪器设备 apparatus 附属设备 accessory 旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor 往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor 水环式压缩机 nash compressor 螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor 离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor 固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor 流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor 管式反应器 tubular reactor 列管式换热器tubular heat exchanger 螺旋板式换热器spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔extraction column 板式塔 plate column 填料塔 packed column 洗涤塔 scrubber 吸收塔absorber 冷却塔 cooling tower 精馏塔 fractionating tower 汽提塔 stripper 再生塔regenerator 造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories 液体分配(布)器 liquid distributor 填料支持板 support plate 定距管 spacer 降液管 downcomer 升气管 chimney 顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray 挡板 baffle 抽出口 draw nozzle 溢流堰 weir 泡罩 bubble cap 筛板 sieve plate 浮阀 float valve 除沫器 demister pad 塔裙座 skirt 椭圆封头 elliptical head 高位槽head tank 中间槽 intermediate tank 加料槽 feed tank 补给槽 make-up tank 计量槽measuring tank 电解槽 cell 溜槽 chute 收集槽 collecting tank 液滴分离器 knockout drum 稀释罐 thinning tank 缓冲罐 surge drum 回流罐 reflux drum 闪蒸罐 flash drum 浮顶罐 floating roof tank 内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank 球罐 spheroid 气柜gas holder 湿式气柜 wet gas-holder 干式气柜 dry gas-holder 螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder 星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve 抽滤器 mutche filter 压滤器 filter press 压滤机 pressure filter 板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press 转鼓过滤器rotary drum filter 带式过滤器 belt filter 翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter 旋风分离器 cyclone separator 盘式干燥箱 compartment traydrier 真空干燥器 vacuum drier 隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier 回转干燥器 rotary drier 穿流循环干燥器through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器spray drier 气流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier 圆盘式加料器 dish feeder 螺旋式加料器 screw feeder 颚式破碎机 jaw crusher 回转破碎机 gyratory crusher 滚洞破碎机 roll crusher 锤式破碎机hammer crusher 冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker 气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer 棍磨机 rod mill 雷蒙机 raymond mill 锤磨机 hammer mill 辊磨机 roller mill 振动筛vibrating screen 回转筛 rotary screen 风机 fan 罗茨鼓风机 root's blower 起重机crane 桥式起重机 bridge crane 电动葫芦 motor hoist 发电机 generator 电动机 motor 汽轮机 steam turbine 五,管道工程 piping engineering 1 阀门 valve 阀杆 stem 内螺纹阀杆 inside screw 阀座 valve seat (body seat) 阀座环,密封圈 sealing ring 阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等)trim 阀盘 disc 阀体 body 阀盖 bonnet 手轮 hand wheel 手柄 hand level (handle)压盖 gland 闸阀 gate valve 平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat 楔形单闸板split wedge 截止阀 globe valve 节流阀 throttle valve 针阀 needle valve 角阀(角式截止阀)angle valve Y 型阀(截止阀)Y-valve(Y-body globe valve) 球阀 ball valve 三通球阀 3-way ball valve 蝶阀 butterfly valve 对夹式(薄片型)wafer type 偏心阀板蝶阀offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve 连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve 止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve 柱塞阀 piston type valve 旋塞阀 plug valve 三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve 四通旋塞阀four-way plug valve 旋塞 cock 衬套旋塞 sleeve cock 隔膜阀 diaphragm valve 橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve 直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve 夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve 止回阀 check valve 升降式止回阀 lift check valve 旋启式止回阀 swing check valve 落球式止回阀 ball check valve 弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve 底阀 foot valve 切断式止回阀 stop check valve 活塞式止回阀 piston check valve 翻板止回阀 flap check valve 蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve 安全泄气阀 safety[SV] 安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV] 安全泄压阀 safety relief valve 杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type 罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve 波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve 电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve 气动阀 pneumatic operated valve 低温用阀cryogenic service valve 蒸汽疏水阀steam trap 机械式疏水阀mechanical trap 浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap 浮球式疏水阀 float trap 倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap 自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap 恒温式疏水阀thermostatic trap 压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap 脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap 放汽阀(自动放汽阀)(automatic) air vent valve 换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve 呼吸阀 breather valve 减压阀 pressure reducing valve 控制阀 control valve 执行机构 actuator 差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve 切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve 调节阀 regulating valve 快开阀 quick opening valve 快闭阀 quick closing valve 隔断阀 isolating valve 三通阀 three way valve 夹套阀 jacketed valve 非旋转式阀non-rotary valve 2 管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管) tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管) 钢管 steel pipe 铸铁管 cast iron pipe 衬里管 lined pipe 复合管clad pipe 碳钢管carbon steel[C.S.]pipe 合金钢管alloy steel pipe 不锈钢管stainless steel[S.S.]pipe 奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe 铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe 轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe 锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe 焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe 电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe 镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe 排污阀 blowdown valve 集液排放阀 drip valve 排液阀drain valve 放空阀 vent valve 卸载阀 unloading valve 排出阀 discharge valve 吸入阀 suction valve 取样阀 sampling valve 手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve (水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet 抽出液阀(小阀)bleed valve 旁路阀 by-pass valve 软管阀 hose valve 混合阀 mixing valve 破真空阀 vacuum breaker 冲洗阀 flush valve 根部阀 root (primary, header) valve 水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe 塑料管 plastic pipe 玻璃管 glass tube 橡胶管 rubber tube 壁厚 wall thickness[WT] 壁厚系列号schedule number[SCH.NO.] 加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong) 双倍加厚的,双倍加强的double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow 异径弯头 reducing elbow 长半径弯头 long radius elbow 短半径弯头 short radius elbow 长半径 180°弯头 long radius return 短半径180°弯头short radius return 三通tee 异径三通 reducing tee 等径三通straight tee 带支座三通 base tee 45°斜三通 45°lateral Y 型三通 true"Y" 四通cross异径管 reducer 同心异径管 concentric reducer 偏心异径管 eccentric reducer 管接头 coupling;full coupling 活接头 union 短管 nipple 预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend U 型弯管"U"bend 法兰端 flanged end 万向接头 universal joint 对焊的 butt welded[BW] 螺纹的 threaded[THD] 承插焊的 socket welded[SW] 法兰 flange[FLG] 整体管法兰 integral pipe flange 钢管法兰 steel pipe flange 螺纹法兰 threaded flange 滑套法兰 slip-on flange 平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange 承插焊法兰 socket welding flange 松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF] 对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF] 法兰盖 blind flange;blind 异径法兰 reducing flange 压力级 pressure rating(class) 突面 raised face[RF] 凸面 male face 凹面 female face 全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF] 3.管道特殊件 piping speciality 粗滤器 strainer 过滤器 filter 临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y 型过滤器 Y-type strainer T 型过滤器 T-type strainer 永久过滤器 permanent filter 洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass 阻火器 flame arrester 喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle 喷射器 ejector 取样冷却器 sample cooler 消音器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint 波纹膨胀节 bellow 补偿器 compensator 软管接头 hose connection[HC] 快速接头 quick coupling 金属软管 metal hose 橡胶管 rubber hose 挠性管 flexible tube 特殊法兰 special flange 漏斗 funnel 8 字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind 爆破板rupture disk 4,其它材料碳素钢carbon steel [C.S.] 不锈钢stainless steel[S.S.] 铸铁 cast iron[C.I.] 铝 aluminum 铜,紫铜 copper 钛 titanium 抗拉强度 tensile strength 非金属材料 non-metallic material 塑料 plastic 陶瓷ceramic 搪瓷 porcelain enamel 玻璃 glass 橡胶 rubber 垫片 gasket[GSKT] 平垫片flat gasket 填料 packing 型钢 shaped steel 角钢 angle steel 槽钢 channel 工字钢I-beam 宽缘工字钢或 H 钢 wide flanged beam 扁钢 flat bar 圆钢 round steel; rod 钢带 strap steel 网络钢板 checkered plate 材料表 bill of material[BOM] 材料统计material take-off[MTO] 散装材料 bulk material 综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表summary sheet 5.设备布置及管道设计中心线center line 装置边界boundary limit[BL] 区界 area limit 设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout);plotplan 标高,立面 elevation[EL] 支撑点 point of support[POS] 工厂北向 plant north 方位 orientation 危险区 hazardous area classification 净正吸入压头 net positive suction head 绝对标高 absolute elevation 坐标 coordinate 管道研究 piping study 管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP] 管道布置 piping assembly; layout 详图detail "X"视图 view "X" "A-A" 剖视 section "A-A" 轴测图 isometric drawing 索引图key plan 管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID] 管口表 list of nozzles 地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number 总管 header; manifold 旁路 by pass 常开 normally open 常闭 normally closed 取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe 蒸汽伴热 steam tracing 热水伴热hot-water tracing 电伴热 electrical tracing 夹套管 jacketed line 全夹套管 full jacketed 比例 scale 图 figure 草图 sketch 图例 legend符号 symbol 件号 part no1。
分析化学英文词汇
absorbance吸光度acetonitrile 乙腈affinity chromatography亲和色谱法aliquot 等份（试液）aluminum foil 铝箔analytical chemistry 分析化学American Chemical Society (缩写ACS) 美国化学会beaker 烧杯bibliography 参考书目blender 混合器,搅拌机buffer solution 缓冲溶液burette 滴定管centrifugation 离心Chemical Abstracts (缩写CA) 化学文摘chemical analysis 化学分析chromatograph 色谱仪chromatogram色谱图cloud point extraction（缩写CPE）浊点萃取confidence level 置信水平conical flask 锥形瓶daughter ion 子离子Diode array detector （缩写DAD）二极管阵列检测器disperser solvent 分散剂dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction 分散液液微萃取distilled water 蒸馏水dropping pipet 滴管electrochemical analysis电化学分析electrode 电极electrolyte 电解质electromagnetic spectrum 电磁波谱electrospray ionization (缩写ESI ) 电喷雾离子化Eluate 洗出液Encyclopedia of analytical chemistry 分析化学百科全书The Engineering Index （缩写EI ）工程索引enrichment factor 富集因子Evaporative Light Scattering Detector (缩写ELSD) 蒸发光散射检测器extraction efficiency 萃取效率fluorescence荧光fluorometry荧光分析法funnel 漏斗gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (缩写GC–MS) 气相色谱-质谱gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry （缩写GC–MS/MS）气相色谱-串联质谱gel filtration chromatography凝胶过滤色谱法gel permeation chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法graduated cylinder 量筒high performance liquid chromatography (缩写HPLC) 高效液相色谱homogenize 使均质，将……打成匀浆hydrophobic 疏水的identification 鉴定Impact Factor影响因子incubation time 温育时间Index to Scientific Technical Proceedings （缩写ISTP）科技会议录索引indicator 指示剂instrumental analysis 仪器分析interference 干扰ion exchange chromatography离子交换色谱法ion source 离子源limit of detection （缩写LOD）检出限limit of quantitation (缩写LOQ)定量限linear regression equation 线性回归方程liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （缩写LC-MS/MS）液相色谱串联质谱liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry （缩写LC-ESI-MS/MS）液相色谱电喷雾串联质谱liquid-liquid partition chromatography 液液分配色谱法liquid-solid adsorption chromatography 液固吸附色谱法mass analyzer 质量分析器Mass Spectrometer 质谱仪mass spectrum 质谱图mass-to-charge ratio 质荷比matrix effect 基质效应maximum absorption 最大吸收maximum value 最大值measuring pipet 吸量管micelle 胶束minimum value 最小值mobile phase 流动相molarity 摩尔浓度monograph专著normal phase liquid chromatography正相液相色谱法nominal concentration 标示浓度offprint抽印本optimization 优化outlier 离群值parent ion 母离子pipette 移液管potentiometry电位法preconcentration 预浓缩primary literature一次文献qualitative Analysis 定性分析Quality assurance and quality control （缩写QA/QC）质量保证和质量控制quantitative analysis 定量分析recovery 回收率refractive index detector 折光指数检测器，示差折光检测器relative abundance 相对丰度relative standard deviation （缩写RSD）相对标准偏差reproducibility 重现性reversed phase liquid chromatography（缩写RPLC）反相液相色谱法Royal Society of Chemistry（缩写RSC）英国皇家化学会Science Citation Index （缩写SCI ）科学引文索引Science Citation Index Expanded (缩写SCIE) 科学引文索引扩展版Scientific notation 科学计数法signal to noise ratio （缩写S/N）信噪比size exclusion chromatography尺寸排除色谱法secondary literature二次文献solid-phase extraction （缩写SPE）固相萃取solid-phase microextraction （缩写SPME）固相微萃取spike 添加（v.）standard solution标准溶液stationary phase 固定相stoichiometric point化学计量点surfactant 表面活性剂supernatant 上清液syringe 注射器tap water 自来水titrant 滴定剂titration滴定Ultraviolet/Visible Spectrophotometry 紫外/可见分光光度法volumetric flask 容量瓶volumetric analysis容量分析法voltammetry 伏安法Accuracy 准确度 A measure of the agreement betweenan experimental result and its expected value. Analysis 分析A process that provides chemical or physicalinformation about the constituents in the sampleor the sample itselfAnalyte 被测物，被分析物The constituent of interest in asampleCalibration curve 校准曲线The result of a standardizationshowing graphically how a method’s signalchanges with respect to the amount of analyte. Calibration method 校准方法The basis of quantitative analysis:magnitude of measured property is proportional toconcentration of analyteChromophore 生色团 A functional group which absorbs acharacteristic ultraviolet or visible wavelength Gradient elution 梯度洗脱The process of changing the mobilephase’s solvent strength to enhance the separationof both early and late eluting solutes. Gravimetric analysis重量分析 A type of quantitative analysis in whichthe amount of a species in a material is determinedby converting the species into a product that can beisolated and weighed.Isocratic elution 等度洗脱the use of a mobile phase whosecomposition remains constant throughout theseparation.Matrix 基质All other constituents in a sample except forthe analytesMethod blank 方法空白A sample that contains all componentsof the matrix except the analyte.Outlier 离群值Data point whose value is much larger orsmaller than the remaining data.Precision 精密度An indication of the reproducibility of ameasurement or resultQuantitative analysis 定量分析The determination of the amount of asubstance or species present in a material. Quantitative transfer 定量转移The process of moving a sample fromone container to another in a manner that ensures allmaterial is transferred.Selectivity 选择性 A measure of a method’s freedom frominterferences as defined by the method’s selectivitycoefficient.Significant figures 有效数字The digits in a measured quantity,including all digits known exactly and one digit (thelast) whose quantity is uncertain. Spectrophotometry 分光光度法. An analytical method that involveshow light interacts with a substanceStock solution 储备液 A solution of known concentrationfrom which other solutions are prepared. Titration curve 滴定曲线 A graph showing the progress of atitration as a function of the volume of titrant added. V alidation （方法）确证，验证The process of verifying thata procedure yields acceptable results.titration error 滴定误差The determinate error in a titration due tothe difference between the end point and theequivalence point.1.Some key journals in Analytical Chemistry:Analytical ChemistryTrends in Analytical ChemistryJournal of Chromatography AJournal of Chromatography BAnalystAnalytica Chimica ActaTALANTACritical Reviews in Analytical ChemistryAnalytical and Bioanalytical ChemistryELECTROPHORESIS2. Types of articles published in scientific journals:Full Length Research PapersRapid CommunicationsReviewsShort CommunicationsDiscussions or Letters to the Editor(Some journals publish all types of articles, while others are devoted to only a single type.)3. The structure of a scientific paper:•Title•Authors (with affiliations and addresses)• Abstract (summary)• Key words•Introduction•Experimental•Results and discussion•Conclusion•Acknowledgement•References4. How to Read a Scientific Paper:Five Helpful Questions•1) WHY did they do this set of experiments?•2) HOW were the experiments actually done?•3) WHA T are the results?•4) WHA T can be concluded from the results?•5) Did they do everything correctly?5. Five-step analyzing process1) Identify and define the problem.2) Design the experimental procedure.3) Conduct an experiment and gather data.4) Analyze the experimental data.5) Report and suggestion.。
化学专业课程中英文对照
分析化学在英文中为Analytical Chemistry,Analytical一词
第一章绪论分析化学在英文中为Analytical Chemistry，Analytical一词本意为分析的，解析的，分解的，也就是意味着分析化学与（样品）的分解，（成分、结构）的分析有关。
分析化学研究的对象是物质的化学组成和结构。
解决的问题是(1)物质中含有哪些组分（这些组分可以是离子、元素、化合物、官能团）；(2)这些组分在物质中如何分布?(存在形式?分子结构？晶体结构?); (3)各组分的相对百分含量多少？1．1分析化学概述一、分析化学的任务和作用1.分析化学的任务分析化学是研究关于物质的化学结构、化学组成及测定方法的一门学科。
它是化学科学的一个重要分支。
定性分析的任务：就是鉴定物质的化学结构和化学组成。
定量分析的任务：就是测定物质中各组分的相对含量。
2.分析化学的作用分析化学作为一门学科，对于化学本身的发展起过重大作用。
化学上的基本定律都是依靠大量的分析实验数据才得以创立和发展起来的，而其它各门学科的发展又进一步推动了分析化学的发展。
分析化学对工业、农业、国防和科学技术的发展都有重要的作用。
(1)科学研究中，从月球上取回一些岩石样品，想了解月球和地球的岩石有何异同，从而推断月球的形成过程与地球有无联系。
这就首先用到分析化学的知识，将样品分解或溶解→阳离子分析→阴离子分析→哪些化合物→相对含量？(2) 工业上，产品的检验，新产品的研制、废水、废渣、废气的处理和利用。
(3) 农业上，对土壤成分、性质的测定，分析土壤能提供哪些营养元素？含量多少？这样可以有效选择作物，或通过施肥，提高产量。
(4) 国防公安，需要专门的化验人员，对现场遗留物分析、对指纹、头发等分析。
(5) 医药卫生，病理诊断、药品检验、血液化验。
正如1991年IUPAC国际分析科学会议主席E.NIKI教授所说，21世纪是光明还是黑暗取决于人类在能源与资源科学、信息科学、生命科学与环境科学四大领域的进步，而取得这些领域进步的关键问题的解决主要依赖于分析科学。
分析化学英文课件05 酸碱滴定(法)Acid-Base Titrations
§5.1.4 Titration of Polyprotic Acid
Take H3PO4 as an example pKa1 = 2.12; pKa1 = 7.20; pKa1 = 12.36
(1) At the first equivalence point, the first proton is neutralized forming H2PO4-
[H+] = Ka ca / cb = 10-4.74 [5.00 10-5 / (5.00 10-2)] =1.82 10-8
pH = 7.74
(3) At the equivalence point the solution of NaAc (weak base)：
cb = 20.00 0.1000 / (20.00 + 20.00) = 5.00 10-2 mol/L
when [In-] / [HIn] = 1, middle color = 1/10, acid color = 10/1, base color
so the pH range for indicator to change color: pKHIn±1 (2) pH range for indicator to change color is decided by KHIn.
§5.1.2 Weak Acid Versus Strong Base
0.1000 mol/L NaOH titrate 20.00 mL 0.1000 mol/L HAc.
(1) Before the titration, 0.1000 mol/L HAc solution
[H ] ca Ka 0.1000 104.74 102.87
学科英文词汇
学科英文词汇凝聚态物理 Condensed Matter Physics声学 Acoustics光学 Optics无线电物理 Radio Physics化学 Chemistry无机化学 Inorganic Chemistry分析化学 Analytical Chemistry有机化学 Organic Chemistry物理化学（含化学物理） Physical Chemistry (including Chemical Physics) 高分子化学与物理 Chemistry and Physics of Polymers天文学 Astronomy天体物理 Astrophysics天体测量与天体力学 Astrometry and Celestial Mechanics地理学 Geography自然地理学 Physical Geography人文地理学 Human Geography地图学与地理信息系统 Cartography and Geography Information System大气科学 Atmospheric Sciences气象学 Meteorology大气物理学与大气环境 Atmospheric Physics and Atmospheric Environment 海洋科学 Marine Sciences物理海洋学 Physical Oceanography海洋化学 Marine Chemistry海洋生理学 Marine Biology海洋地质学 Marine Geology地球物理学 Geophysics固体地球物理学 Solid Earth Physics空间物理学 Space Physics地质学 Geology矿物学、岩石学、矿床学 Mineralogy, Petrology, Mineral Deposit Geology地球化学 Geochemistry古生物学与地层学（含古人类学） Paleontology and Stratigraphy (including Paleoanthropology)构造地质学 Structural Geology第四纪地质学 Quaternary Geology生物学 Biology植物学 Botany动物学 Zoology生理学 Physiology水生生物学 Hydrobiology微生物学 Microbiology神经生物学 Neurobiology遗传学 Genetics发育生物学 Developmental Biology细胞生物学 Cell Biology生物化学与分子生物学 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology生物物理学 Biophysics生态学 Ecology????????交流素材会员交流资料保护原创权益·净化网络环境- 1 -。
分析化学常用词汇中英文对照(2015.02.04).
分析化学常用词汇中英文对照第一章绪论分析化学：analytical chemistry定性分析：qualitative analysis定量分析：quantitative analysis物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physico-chemical analysis仪器分析法：instrumental analysis流动注射分析法：flow injection analysis;FIA顺序注射分析法：sequentical injection analysis;SIA化学计量学：chemometrics第二章误差的分析数据处理绝对误差：absolute error相对误差：relative error系统误差：systematic error可定误差：determinate error随机误差：accidental error不可定误差：indeterminate error准确度：accuracy精确度：precision偏差：debiation，d平均偏差：average debiation相对平均偏差：relative average debiation标准偏差(标准差)：standerd deviation;S相对平均偏差：relatibe standard deviation;RSD变异系数：coefficient of variation误差传递：propagation of error有效数字：significant figure置信水平：confidence level显著性水平：level of significance合并标准偏差(组合标准差)：pooled standard debiation 舍弃商：rejection quotient ;Q化学定量分析第三章滴定分析概论滴定分析法：titrametric analysis滴定：titration容量分析法:volumetric analysis化学计量点：stoichiometric point等当点：equivalent point电荷平衡：charge balance电荷平衡式：charge balance equation质量平衡：mass balance物料平衡：material balance质量平衡式：mass balance equation第四章酸碱滴定法酸碱滴定法：acid-base titrations质子自递反应：autoprotolysis reaction质子自递常数：autoprotolysis constant质子条件式:proton balance equation酸碱指示剂：acid-base indicator指示剂常数：indicator constant变色范围：colour change interval混合指示剂：mixed indicator双指示剂滴定法：double indicator titration 第五章非水滴定法非水滴定法：nonaqueous titrations质子溶剂：protonic solvent酸性溶剂：acid solvent碱性溶剂：basic solvent两性溶剂:amphototeric solvent无质子溶剂：aprotic solvent均化效应：differentiating effect区分性溶剂：differentiating solvent离子化：ionization离解：dissociation结晶紫：crystal violet萘酚苯甲醇: α-naphthalphenol benzyl alcohol奎哪啶红：quinadinered百里酚蓝：thymol blue偶氮紫：azo violet溴酚蓝：bromophenol blue第六章配位滴定法配位滴定法：compleximetry乙二胺四乙酸：ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid,EDTA 螯合物：chelate compound金属指示剂：metal lochrome indcator第七章氧化还原滴定法氧化还原滴定法：oxidation-reduction titration碘量法：iodimetry溴量法：bromimetry ]溴量法：bromine method铈量法：cerimetry高锰酸钾法：potassium permanganate method条件电位：conditional potential溴酸钾法：potassium bromate method硫酸铈法：cerium sulphate method偏高碘酸：metaperiodic acid高碘酸盐：periodate亚硝酸钠法：sodium nitrite method重氮化反应：diazotization reaction重氮化滴定法：diazotization titration亚硝基化反应：nitrozation reaction亚硝基化滴定法：nitrozation titration外指示剂：external indicator外指示剂：outside indicator重铬酸钾法：potassium dichromate method 第八章沉淀滴定法沉淀滴定法：precipitation titration容量滴定法：volumetric precipitation method 银量法：argentometric method第九章重量分析法重量分析法：gravimetric analysis挥发法：volatilization method引湿水(湿存水)：water of hydroscopicity包埋(藏)水：occluded water吸入水：water of imbibition结晶水：water of crystallization组成水：water of composition液-液萃取法：liquid-liquid extration溶剂萃取法：solvent extration反萃取：counter extraction分配系数：partition coefficient分配比：distribution ratio离子对(离子缔合物)：ion pair沉淀形式：precipitation forms称量形式：weighing forms《分析化学》下册仪器分析概述物理分析：physical analysis物理化学分析：physicochemical analysis 仪器分析：instrumental analysis第十章电位法及永停滴定法电化学分析：electrochemical analysis电解法：electrolytic analysis method电重量法：electtogravimetry库仑法：coulometry库仑滴定法：coulometric titration电导法：conductometry电导分析法：conductometric analysis电导滴定法：conductometric titration电位法：potentiometry直接电位法：dirext potentiometry电位滴定法：potentiometric titration伏安法：voltammetry极谱法：polarography溶出法：stripping method电流滴定法：amperometric titration化学双电层：chemical double layer相界电位：phase boundary potential金属电极电位：electrode potential化学电池：chemical cell液接界面：liquid junction boundary原电池：galvanic cell电解池：electrolytic cell负极：cathrode正极：anode电池电动势：eletromotive force指示电极：indicator electrode参比电极：reference electroade标准氢电极：standard hydrogen electrode一级参比电极：primary reference electrode 饱和甘汞电极：standard calomel electrode银-氯化银电极：silver silver-chloride electrode 液接界面：liquid junction boundary不对称电位：asymmetry potential表观PH值：apparent PH复合PH电极：combination PH electrode离子选择电极：ion selective electrode敏感器：sensor晶体电极:crystalline electrodes均相膜电极：homogeneous membrance electrodes非均相膜电极：heterog eneous membrance electrodes非晶体电极：non- crystalline electrodes刚性基质电极：rigid matrix electrode流流体载动电极：electrode with a mobile carrier气敏电极：gas sensing electrodes酶电极：enzyme electrodes金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管：MOSFET离子选择场效应管：ISFET总离子强度调节缓冲剂：total ion strength adjustment buffer,TISAB 永停滴定法：dead-stop titration双电流滴定法(双安培滴定法)：double amperometric titration第十一章光谱分析法概论普朗克常数：Plank constant电磁波谱：electromagnetic spectrum光谱：spectrum光谱分析法：spectroscopic analysis原子发射光谱法：atomic emission spectroscopy质量谱：mass spectrum质谱法：mass spectroscopy,MS第十二章紫外-可见分光光度法紫外-可见分光光度法：ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry;UV-vis 肩峰：shoulder peak末端吸收：end absorbtion生色团：chromophore助色团：auxochrome红移：red shift长移：bathochromic shift短移：hypsochromic shift蓝(紫)移：blue shift增色效应(浓色效应)：hyperchromic effect减色效应(淡色效应)：hypochromic effect强带：strong band弱带：weak band吸收带：absorption band透光率：transmitance,T吸光度：absorbance谱带宽度：band width杂散光：stray light噪声：noise暗噪声：dark noise散粒噪声：signal shot noise闪耀光栅：blazed grating全息光栅：holographic graaing光二极管阵列检测器：photodiode array detector 偏最小二乘法：partial least squares method ,PLS 褶合光谱法：convolution spectrometry褶合变换：convolution transform,CT离散小波变换：wavelet transform,WT多尺度细化分析：multiscale analysis供电子取代基：electron donating group吸电子取代基：electron with-drawing group第十三章荧光分析法荧光：fluorescence荧光分析法：fluorometryX-射线荧光分析法：X-ray fulorometry原子荧光分析法：atomic fluorometry分子荧光分析法：molecular fluorometry振动弛豫：vibrational relexation内转换：internal conversion外转换：external conversion体系间跨越：intersystem crossing激发光谱：excitation spectrum荧光光谱：fluorescence spectrum斯托克斯位移：Stokes shift荧光寿命：fluorescence life time荧光效率：fluorescence efficiency荧光量子产率：fluorescence quantum yield荧光熄灭法：fluorescence quemching method散射光：scattering light瑞利光：Reyleith scanttering light拉曼光：Raman scattering light第十四章红外分光光度法红外线：infrared ray,IR中红外吸收光谱：mid-infrared absorption spectrum,Mid-IR 远红外光谱：Far-IR微波谱：microwave spectrum,MV红外吸收光谱法：infrared spectroscopy红外分光光度法：infrared spectrophotometry振动形式：mode of vibration伸缩振动：stretching vibration对称伸缩振动：symmetrical stretching vibration不对称伸缩振动：asymmetrical stretching vibration弯曲振动：bending vibration变形振动：formation vibration面内弯曲振动:in-plane bending vibration,β剪式振动：scissoring vibration,δ面内摇摆振动：rocking vibration,ρ面外弯曲振动：out-of-plane bending vibration,γ面外摇摆振动：wagging vibration,ω蜷曲振动：twisting vibration ,τ对称变形振动：symmetrical deformation vibration ,δs不对称变形振动：asymmetrical deformation vibration, δas特征吸收峰:charateristic avsorption band特征频率：characteristic frequency相关吸收峰：correlation absorption band杂化影响：hybridization affect环大小效应：ring size effect吸收峰的强度：intensity of absorption band环折叠振动：ring prckering vibration第十五章原子吸收分光光度法原子光谱法：atomic spectroscopy原子吸收分光光度法：atomic absorption spectrophotometry,AAS 原子发射分光光度法：atomic emmsion spectrophotometry,AES原子荧光分光光度法：atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry,AFS 第十六章核磁共振波谱法核磁共振：nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR核磁共振波谱：NMR spectrum核磁共振波谱法：NMR spectroscopy扫场：swept field扫频：seept frequency连续波核磁共振：continuous wave NMR,CW NMRFourier变换NMR：PFT-NMR,FT-NMR二维核磁共振谱：2D-NMR质子核磁共振谱：proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR氢谱：1H-NMR碳-13核磁共振谱：13C-NMR spectrum,13CNMR自旋角动量：spin angular momentum磁旋比：magnetogyric ratio磁量子数：magnetic quantum number,m进动：precession弛豫历程：relaxation mechanism局部抗磁屏蔽：local diamagnetic shielding屏蔽常数：shielding constant化学位移：chemical shift国际纯粹与应用化学协会：IUPAC磁各向异性：magnetic anisotropy远程屏蔽效应：long range shielding effect结面：nodal plane自旋-自旋偶合：spin-spin coupling自旋-自旋分裂：spin=spin splitting单峰：singlet,s双峰：doublet,d三重峰：triplet,t四重峰：quartet五重峰：quintet六重峰：sextet偕偶：geminal coupling邻偶：vicinal coupling远程偶合：long range coupling磁等价：magnetic eqivalence自旋系统：spin system一级光谱：first order spectrum二级光谱(二级图谱)：second order spectrumC-H光谱：C-H correlated spectroscopy,C-H COSY 第十七章质谱法质谱分析法：mass spectrometry质谱：mass spectrum,MS棒图：bar graph选择离子检测：selected ion monitoring ,SIM直接进样：direct probe inlet ,DPI接口：interface气相色谱-质谱联用：gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS高效液相色谱-质谱联用：high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,HPLC-MS电子轰击离子源：electron impact source,EI离子峰：quasi-molecular ions化学离子源：chemical ionization source,CI场电离：field ionization,FI场解析：field desorptiion,FD快速原子轰击离子源：fast stom bombardment ,FAB质量分析器：mass analyzer磁质谱仪：magnetic-sector mass spectrometer四极杆质谱仪(四极质谱仪)：quadrupole mass spectrometer原子质量单位:amu离子丰度：ion abundance相对丰度(相对强度)：relative avundance基峰：base peak质量范围：mass range分辨率：resolution灵敏度：sensitivity信噪比：S/N分子离子：molecular ion碎片离子：fragment ion同位素离子：isotopic ion亚稳离子：metastable ion亚稳峰：metastable peak母离子：paren ion子离子：daughter含奇数个电子的离子：odd electron含偶数个电子的离子：even eletron,EE 均裂：homolytic cleavage异裂(非均裂)：heterolytic cleavage半均裂：hemi-homolysis cleavage重排：rearragement分子量：MWα-裂解：α-cleavage第十八章色谱分析法概论色谱法(层析法)：chromatography固定相：stationary phase流动相：mobile phase超临界流体色谱法：SFC高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electroporesis,HPEC 气相色谱法：gas chromatography,GC液相色谱法：liquid cromatography,LC超临界流体色谱法：supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC气-固色谱法：GSC气-液色谱法：GLC液-固色谱法：LSC液-液色谱法：LLC柱色谱法：column chromatography填充柱：packed column毛细管柱：capillary column微填充柱：icrobore packed column高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC平板色谱法：planar平板色谱法：plane chromatography纸色谱法：paper chromatography薄层色谱法：thin layer chromatography,TLC薄膜色谱法;thiin film chomatography毛细管电泳法：capillary electrophoresis,CE分配色谱法：partition chromatography吸附色谱法：adsorpion chromaography离子交换色谱法：ion exchange chromatography,IEC空间排阻色谱法：steric exclusion chromatography,SEC亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography分配系数：distribution cofficient狭义分配系数：partition coefficient凝胶色谱法：gel chromatography凝胶渗透色谱法：gel permeation chromatography,GPC凝胶过滤色谱法：gel filtration chromatography,GFC渗透系数：permeation coefficien;Kp化学键合相色谱法：chemically bonded-phase chromatography 分配系数：distribution coefficient靛菁绿：indocyanine气相色谱-傅立叶变换红外光谱：GC-FTIR第十九章经典液相色谱法薄层色谱法：TLC吸附：adsorption活化：activation脱活性：deactivation交联度：degree of cross linking交换容量：exchange capacity薄层板：thin layer plate展开剂：developing solvent ,developer临界胶束浓度：criticak micolle concentration ,CMC相对比移值：relative Rf, Rr分离度：resolution ,R分离数：separation number,SN煅石膏：Gypsum羧甲基纤维素钠：CMC-Na吸收光谱联用：TLC-UV薄层色谱-荧光联用：TLC-F薄层色谱-红外吸收光谱联用：TLC-IR 薄层色谱法：TLC-MS纸色谱法：paper chromatography上行展开：ascending development下行法展开：descending development双向展开：two dimensional develoooment 第二十章气相色谱法气相色谱法：gas chromatography前延峰：leading peak拖尾峰：tailing peak对称因子：symmetry factor,fs保留时间：retention time保留体积：retention volume死时间：dead time调整保留时间：asjusted retention time半峰宽：peak width at half height,W1/2 or Y1/2峰宽：peak width,W等温线：isotherm理论塔板高度：height equivalent to atheoretical plate化学键合相：chemically bonded phase丁二酸二乙二醇聚酯：polydiethylene glycol succinate,PDEGS,DEGS 高分子多孔微球：GDX苯乙烯：STY乙基乙烯苯：EST二乙烯苯：DVB涂壁毛细管柱：wall coated open tubular column,WCOT载体涂层毛细管柱：supprot coated open tubular column,SCOT热导检测器：thermal conductivity detector,TCD氢焰离子化检测器：hydrogen flame ionization detector,FID电子捕获检测器：electron capture detector ,ECD噪声：noise,N漂移:drift,d灵敏度：sensitivity检测限(敏感度)：detectability,D,M分离度：resolution归一化法：normalization method外标法：external standardization第二十一章高效液相色谱法高效液相色谱法：high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC高速液相色谱法：high speed LC,HSLC高压液相色谱法：high pressure LC,HPLC高分辨液相色谱法：high resolution LC,HRLC液固吸附色谱法(液固色谱法)：liquid-solid adsorption chromatography,LSC 液液色谱法：liquid-liquid chromatography,LLC正相：normal phase,NP反相：reversed phase,RP化学键合相色谱法：bonded phase chromatography,BPC十八烷基：octadecylselyl,ODS离子对色谱法：paired ion chromatography,PIC反相离子对色谱法：RPIC离子抑制色谱法：ion suppression chromatography,ISC离子色谱法：ion chromatography,IC手性色谱法：chiral chromatography,CC环糊精色谱法：cyclodextrin chromatography,CDC胶束色谱法：micellar chromatography,MC亲和色谱法：affinity chromatography,AC固定相：stationary phase化学键合相：chemically bonde phase封尾、封顶、遮盖：end capping手性固定相：chiral stationary phase,CSP恒组成溶剂洗脱：isocraic elution梯度洗脱：gradient elution紫外检测器：ultraviolet detector,UVD荧光检测器：fluorophotomeric detector,FD电化学检测器：ECD示差折光检测器：RID光电二极管检测器：photodiode array detector ,DAD三维光谱-波谱图：3D-spectrochromatogram蒸发光散射检测器：evaporative light scattering detector,ELSD安培检测器：ampere detector,AD高效毛细管电泳法：high performance capillary electrophoresis,HPCE淌度：mobility电泳：electrophoresis电渗：electroosmosis动力进样：hydrodynamic injection电动进样：electrokinetic injection毛细管区带电泳法：capillary zone electrophoresis,CZE胶束电动毛细管色谱：micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography,MECC 毛细管凝胶电泳：capillary gel electrophoresis,CGE筛分：sieving。
专业基础课-《分析化学》课程教学大纲(英文班)
Syllabus of Chemistry AnalysisApplicable subjects：major in pharmacy（Credit：2 class hour：36 ）1. Course DescriptionAnalytical Chemistry is a required course in pharmacy. It is a measurement science, responsible for characterizing the composition of natural and artificial materials, both qualitatively and quantitatively. With the advancement of science, the current definition of analytical chemistry would be “analytical chemistry is the science of inventing and applying the concepts, principles, and strategies for measuring the characteristics of chemical systems and species”. The content is divided into two parts: chemical analysis and instrumental analysis. This course is major in chemical analysis. Chemical analysis mainly deals with the content of classical chemical analysis.2. Teaching contents, basic requirements and scheduleChapter 1 Introduction of Analytical ChemistryTo understand the nature, tasks, basic content, development trend of analytical chemistry and its function in pharmaceutical related specialties.To learn steps in the development of an Analytical Method, and classification of Quantitative Analytical Chemistry.Major contents1.1what is Analytical Chemistry1.2steps in the development of an Analytical Method1.3Classification of Quantitative Analytical Chemistry1.3.1Chemical Analysis1.3.2Instrumental AnalysisChapter 2 data analysisTo grasp the cause of error and the method of reduction, the method of expressing accuracy and precision; the distribution of random errors; significant figures and numerical rounding in calculaions.To be familiar with predicting the probability of random errors and confidence interval for population mean; the abandonment of the escape value, and statistical aids to hypothesis testing;To understand statistical data treatment; the influence of measurement error on the calculation result,Major contents2.1 error and classification2.1.1 accuracry and precision2.1.2 errors and deviation2.1.3 systematic and random errors2.1.4 improve the accuracy of the method2.2 distribution of random errors2.2.1 frequency distribution2.2.2 normal distribution2.2.3 predicting the probability of random errors2.3 statistical data treatment2.3.1 estimation of Population Mean and Population Standard Deviation2.3.2 Confidence interval for population mean2.3.3 statistical aids to hypothesis testing2.3.4 detection of Gross Errors2.4 propagation of error2.4.1 systematic error2.4.2 random errors2.4.3 maximum errors2.4.4 distribution of errors2.5 significant figure convention2.5.1 significant figures2.5.2 numerical rounding in calculationsKey points:1.basic knowledge of error2.causes of error and ways of reduction and avoiding3.distribution of random errors4.confidence interval for population mean5. rejection of doubtful data and statistical aids to hypothesis testing6. significant figures and numerical rounding in calculationsNodus:1. causes of error and ways of reduction and avoiding2. confidience level and confidence interval3. statistical aids to hypothesis testing4. numerical rounding in calculationsChapter 3 principles of volumetric titrationTo grasp the basic concepts of titrimetric analysis, application of titrimetric analysis and calculation methods of titrimetric analylsis and to learn about the classification of titrimetric analysis.Major Contens3.1. Basic term, includes titrimetry, titrand, stoichiometric point, indicator, primary standards and standard solution.3.2 requirements of titration reactions3.3 classification of titration process3.4 primary standards and standard solutions3.5 basic apparatus in chemical analyses3.6 Calculations in volumetric titration3.6.1 preparation of standard solutions3.6.2 titration results.Key points1.Basic concepts and calculation methods of titrimetric analysis2.requirements of titration reactions3.primary standards and the preparation of standard solutionsChapter 4-1 acid-base titrationTo master proton condition equotion, pH calculations.To be familiar with the basic concept of the theory of Bronsted-Lowry, magnitude of dissociating species at a given pH, acid-base reactions and equilibria,.To understand the concept of the activity; buffer capacity and the preparation of buffer solutions.Major Contens4.1 acid-base equilibrium4.1.1 equilibrium constants and effect of electrolytes4.1.2 acid-base reactions and equilibriums4.1.2.1 acid-base bronsted concept4.1.2.2 dissociation of acid or base and acid-base equilibria4.1.2.3 magnitude of dissociating species at a given pH4.1.3 solving equlibrim calculations using pH calculations as an example4.1.3.1 general approaches (systematic approaches)① mass balance equation② charge-balance equation③ proton condition equotion4.1.3.2 pH calculations① weak monoprotic acids and bases② polyprotic acids③ amphiprotic species④ mixture of strong acid and weak acid4.1.4 buffer solutions4.1.4.1 pH calculation of buffer solution4.1.4.2 buffer capacity4.1.4.3 preparation of buffersKey points1.acid-base bronsted concept2.acid-base reactions and equilibriums3.magnitude of dissociating species at a given pH4.proton condition equation5. pH calculation in solution of weak monoprotic acids/bases, polyprotic acids, amphiprotic species, mixture of strong acid and weak acid, or buffer solutions.Nodus:1.distribution factor and distribution curve, confirmation of proton balance equation2.magnitude of dissociating species at a given pH3.calculation of acidity of ampholyteric compound solution and buffer solutions.Chapter 4-2 acid-base titrationTo master the principle of acid/base indicatorsTo be familiar with the factors influencing performance of acid/base indicators.To master the principle of method of titration, titration curve, end point judge, end point error, the way of choosing the right indicator and the calculation of titration results.To be familiar with the law of pH changing in various processes of acid-base titration; the application of acid-base titration; and the calculation of titration results..To understand the titration of polyfunctional weak acids (bases); the preparation of standard acid/base solutions.Major Contens:4.2 acid-base titration4.2.1 acid-base indicators① principle② examples③ factors infulencing performance4.2.2 titration curves and selection of indicators4.2.2.1 strong acids (base)4.2.2.2 monoprotic acids (bases4.2.2.3 polyfunctional weak acids (bases)4.2.3 titration error calculations4.2.4 preparation of standard solutions4.2.4.1 standard acid solutions4.2.4.2 standard base solutions4.2.5 examples of acid-base titrationsKey points1.principle of acid/base indicators2. basic concepts of acid-base titration (titration, end point, stoichiometric point, indicator, standard solution, standard substance)3. principle of acid-base titration analysis, titrate curve, end point judgement, end point error4. application of acid-base titration and calculation of titration result.Nodus:1.the law of pH changing in various processes of acid-base titration and the way of choosing the rightindicator.Chapter 5 complexation reaction and complexometric titrationTo master side reaction coefficients and conditional formation constants in complexation reaction, principle of metallochromic indicator and color-transition point pM for metallochromic indicators; the titration curves and titration errors.To understand metal EDTA compleses and frequently used metallochromic indicators; selective titrations of metal ions in the presence of multiple metal ions; and the titration methods and applications.To learn preparation of standard solutionsMajor contents:5.1 complexes and formation constants5.1.1 formation constants5.1.2 concentration of ML n in complexation equilibria5.1.3 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and metal EDTA compleses5.1.4 side reaction coefficients and conditional formation constants in complexation reactions5.2 metallochromic indicators5.2.1 how a metallochromic indicator works5.2.2 color transition point pM((pM)t) for metallochromic indicators5.2.3 frequently used metallochromic indicators5.3 titration curves and titration errors5.3.1 titration curves5.3.2 titration errors5.3.3 pH control in complexometric titrations5.4 selective titrations of metal ions in the presence of multiple metal ions5.4.1 selective titration by regulating Ph5.4.2 selective titration using masking reagents5.5 applications of complexometric titrations5.5.1 buffer selection in complexometric titrations5.5.2 titration methods and applications5.5.3 preparation of standard solutionsKey points1.the principle of complexometry2.formation constants and the concentration of ML n in complexation equilibria3.side reaction coefficients and conditional formation constants in complexation reactions and theircalculation4.the principle of a metallochromic indicator works5 titration curves6. titration errors7. buffer selection in complexometric titrationsNodus:1.The concept of side reaction coefficients and conditional formation constants in complexation reactionsand their calculation.2.color transition point pM((pM)t) for metallochromic indicators3. selective titrations of metal ions in the presence of multiple metal ions.4. buffer selection in complexometric titrationsChapter 6 redox equlibrium and titrationTo master the concept of the Nernst equation, standard electrode potentials, formal potentials, the equilibrium constant of redox reaction and their calculation; basic concepts of redox titration analysis (titration, end point, stoichometric point, indicator, standard solution, standard substance); the principle and titration curves of potassium permanganate redox titrations; and the calculation of titration result.To be familiar with the way of choosing the right condition for redox titration.To be understand factors affecting the reaction rateTo learn the other redox titrations.Major contents:6.1 standard electrode potentials, formal potentials and redox equilibria6.1.1 standard electrode potentials6.1.2 the Nernst equation and formal potentials6.1.3 factors affecting the formal potential6.1.4 the equilibrium constant of redox reaction6.2 factors affecting the reaction rate6.2.1 concentration6.2.2 temperature6.2.3 catalysis and reaction rate6.2.4 induced reaction6.3 redox titration6.3.1 constructing redox titration curves6.3.2 indicators6.3.3 auxiliary oxidizing and reducing agents6.4 examples of redox titrations6.4.1 potassium permanganate6.4.2 potassium dichromate6.4.3 iodine: iodimetry and iodometry6.4.4 potassium bromate6.4.5 ceric sulfateKey points1.The concepts of the Nernst equation, standard electrode potentials, formal potentials, the equilibriumconstant of redox reaction and their calculation.2.basic concepts of redox titration analysis (titration, end point, stoichometric point, indicator, standardsolution, standard substance)3.principle of potassium permanganate redox titrations, and their titrate curve, end point judge, titrationerror4.application of redox titration analysis and calculation of titration result.Nodus:1.the concept of formal potentials and its calculation.2.basic concepts of redox titration analysis(titration, end point, stoichometric point, indicator, standardsolution, standard substance)3.potassium permanganate redox titrations, and their titrate curve, end point judge, titration errorChapter 7 precipitation equilibrium, titration, and gravimetryTo master the contents and relative calculations about precipitation equilibria and solubility, factors that affect the solubility of precipitates. ②the principle of precipitation titration analysis, end point judge.To be familiar with the feature of gravimetric method and its principle and process and how to obtaining high purity precipitation.To understand the precipitate formation and requirements for precipitation.Major contents:7.1 precipitation equilibria and solubility7.1.1 solubility of precipitation in pure water7.1.2 ionic strength and the solubility of precipitates7.1.3 common ion and the solubility of precipitates7.1.4 pH and the solubility of precipitates7.1.5 complexing agents and the solubility of precipitates7.2 precipitation titations7.2.1 titration curves7.2.2 examples of methods classified by endpoint indication7.2.3 preparation of standard solutions7.3 precipitation gravimetry7.3.1 classification of gravimetric methods of analysis7.3.2 general precedure and requirements for precipitation7.3.3 precipitate formation7.3.4 obtaining high purity precipitation7.3.5 experimental consideration7.3.6 examples of organic precipitating reagentsKey points1.precipitation-dissolution equilibrium, solubility product principle2.precipitation titration analysis and calculation of titration result3.gravimetric method and its principle and process4.how to obtaining high purity precipitation.Nodus1.precipitation equilibria and factors that affect the solubility of precipitates.2.principle of precipitation titration analysis and end point judge3.how to obtaining high purity precipitation.3. schedual4. recommended teaching materials1. analytical chemistry(seventh version)，edited by Yufeng Cai, et al. ISBN 798-7-117-14378-3/R-14379, People’s Medical Publishing House2. analytical chemistry(fifth version)，edited by Wuhan university, IBSN 978-7-04-019382-4, Higher Education Press.3. Quantitative chemical analysis (first version), edited by Li Na et al. IBSN 978-7-301-15659-9/O·0786, Peking university press.。
分析化学英文
auto- 自动化、micro- 微型化、image- 图像化
2019/5/3
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
7
How to estimate a method? 分析方法的评价
because of salary 6. Sample throughput 7. Costs of reagents
2019/5/3
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
8
What are we interested?
Evaluating analytical data (parts in chapter 2-4 )
agreed on units for measurements.
2019/5/3
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
10
2019/5/3
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
Chemical analysis --- titration (chapter 9)
Acid-base, Complexation,
Redox,
Precipitation.
Instrumental analysis (chapter 10, parts in chapter11-12)
Spectrscopic methods,
2019/5/3
College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
化工专业英文词汇
化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学General Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题Special Topics in Applied Chemistry化工装置常用词汇1一概论 introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究 feasibility study方案设计 concept design工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 kick-off meeting审核会议 review meeting外商投资 foreign investment中外合资 joint venture中外合营 joint venture补偿贸易 compensation trade合同合同附件 contract卖方 vendor买方 buyer顾客 client承包商 contractor工程公司 company供应范围 scope of supply生产范围 production scope生产能力 production capacity项目 project界区 battery limit装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图 process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表 equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品 by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据 technical data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计规定 design regulation现场服务 site service项目变更 project change用户变更 client change消耗定额 consumption quota技术转让 technical transfer技术知识 technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证 technical guarantee咨询服务 consultative services技术服务 technical services工作地点 location施工现场 construction field报价 quotation标书 bidding book公司利润 company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金 retention所得税 income taxes特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes工作手册 work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures采购计划 procurement plan施工计划 construction plan施工进度 construction schedule项目实施计划 project execution plan项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule设计网络计划 engineering network logic项目质量保证 project quality assurance项目质量控制 project quality control采购 procurement采购周期 procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection运输 transportation开车 start up / commission验收 inspection & acceptance校核 check审核 review审定 approve版次 version部门 department专业 specialty项目号 project number图号 drawing number目录 contents序言 foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET（技术表） technical data sheetTBA(技术评标） technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理) project managerLDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineerMRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotationMRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchaseBEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering packageP&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP（详细设计阶段） detail design phase二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process间歇过程 batch process工艺叙述 process description工艺特点 process feature操作 operation反应 reaction副反应 side reaction絮凝 flocculation浮洗 flotation倾析 decantation催化反应 catalytical reaction萃取 extraction中和 neutralization水解 hydrolysis过滤 filtration干燥 drying还原 reduction氧化 oxidation氢化 hydrogenation分解 decomposition离解 dissociation合成 synthetics吸收 absorption吸附 adsorption解吸 desorption结晶 crystallization溶解 solution调节 modulate控制 control悬浮 suspension循环 circulation再生 regeneration再活化 reactivation沥取 leaching破碎 crushing煅烧 caloination沉降 sedimentation沉淀 precipitation气化 gasification冷冻 refrigeration固化、结晶 solidification 包装 package升华 sublimation燃烧 combustion引烧 ignition蒸馏 distillation碳化 carbonization压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas化合物 compound混合物 mixture粉 powder片状粉未 flake小粒 granule结晶 crystal乳化物 emulsion氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum母液 master liquor富液 rich liquor贫液 lean liquor萃出物 extract萃余物 raffinate絮凝剂 flocculants冷冻盐水 brine酸度 acidity浓度 concentration碱度 alkalinity溶解度 solubility凝固点 solidificalion point沸点 boiling point熔点 melting point蒸发率 evaporation rate粘度 viscosity吸水的 water absorbent(a)无水的 anhydrous(a)外观 appearance无色的 colorless(a)透明的 transparent(a)半透明的 translucent密度 density比重 specific gravity催化剂 catalyst燃烧 combustion引燃 ignition自然点 self-ignition temperature可燃气体 combustible gas可燃液体 inflammable liquid易燃液体 volatile liquid爆炸混合物 explosive mixture爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit废水 waste water废液 waste liquid废气 off-gas噪声 noise pollution成分 composition挠度 deflection力和力矩 force and moment弯矩 bending moment应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram百分比 percentage环境温度 ambient temperature工作温度 operating设计温度 design temperature(pressure)相对湿度 RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump轴流泵 axial flow pump真空泵 vacuum pump屏蔽泵 canned pump柱塞泵 plunger pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump潜水泵 submersible pump斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump轴承 bearing叶轮 impeller虹吸管 siphon高压容器 high pressure vessel焚化炉 incinerator火焰清除器 flame arrester工业炉 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler回转窑 rotary kiln加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater冷却器 cooler冷凝器 condenser换热器 heat exchanger反应器 reactor蒸馏釜 still搅拌器 agitator混合器 mixer静态混合器 static mixers管道混合器 line mixers混合槽 mixing tanks破碎机 crusher磨碎机 grinder研磨机 pulverizer球磨机 ballmill过滤器 filter分离器 separator干燥器 drier翅片 fins烟囱 stack火炬 flare筛子 screen煅烧窑 calciner倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler萃取器 extractor离心机 centrifuger吸附（收）器 adsorber结晶器 crystallizer电解槽 electrolyzer电除尘器 electric precipitator洗涤器 scrubber消石灰器 slaker料仓 bin料斗 hopper加料器 feeder增稠器 thickener澄清器 clarifier分级器 classifier浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer成套设备 package unit仪器设备 apparatus附属设备 accessory旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机 nash compressor螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor管式反应器 tubular reactor列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column板式塔 plate column填料塔 packed column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower汽提塔 stripper再生塔 regenerator造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor填料支持板 support plate定距管 spacer降液管 downcomer升气管 chimney顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray挡板 baffle抽出口 draw nozzle溢流堰 weir泡罩 bubble cap筛板 sieve plate浮阀 float valve除沫器 demister pad塔裙座 skirt椭圆封头 elliptical head高位槽 head tank中间槽 intermediate tank加料槽 feed tank补给槽 make-up tank计量槽 measuring tank电解槽 cell溜槽 chute收集槽 collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum稀释罐 thinning tank缓冲罐 surge drum回流罐 reflux drum闪蒸罐 flash drum浮顶罐 floating roof tank内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank球罐 spheroid气柜 gas holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve抽滤器 mutche filter压滤器 filter press压滤机 pressure filter板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter带式过滤器 belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter旋风分离器 cyclone separator盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier真空干燥器 vacuum drier隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier回转干燥器 rotary drier穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器 dish feeder螺旋式加料器 screw feeder颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机 gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机 hammer crusher冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer棍磨机 rod mill雷蒙机 raymond mill锤磨机 hammer mill辊磨机 roller mill振动筛 vibrating screen回转筛 rotary screen风机 fan罗茨鼓风机 root's blower起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist发电机 generator电动机 motor汽轮机 steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem内螺纹阀杆 inside screw阀座 valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘 disc阀体 body阀盖 bonnet手轮 hand wheel手柄 hand level (handle)压盖 gland闸阀 gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板 split wedge截止阀 globe valve节流阀 throttle valve针阀 needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀 ball valve三通球阀 3-way ball valve蝶阀 butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀 piston type valve旋塞阀 plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve止回阀 check valve升降式止回阀 lift check valve旋启式止回阀 swing check valve落球式止回阀 ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀 stop check valve活塞式止回阀 piston check valve翻板止回阀 flap check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve安全泄气阀 safety[SV]安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve气动阀 pneumatic operated valve低温用阀 cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀 float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀 breather valve减压阀 pressure reducing valve控制阀 control valve执行机构 actuator差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀 isolating valve三通阀 three way valve夹套阀 jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀 drain valve放空阀 vent valve卸载阀 unloading valve排出阀 discharge valve吸入阀 suction valve取样阀 sampling valve手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀 by-pass valve软管阀 hose valve混合阀 mixing valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve根部阀 root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube壁厚 wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow长半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带支座三通 base tee45°斜三通 45°lateralY型三通 true"Y"四通 cross异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer管接头 coupling;full coupling活接头 union短管 nipple预制弯管 fabricated pipe bendU型弯管 "U"bend法兰端 flanged end万向接头 universal joint对焊的 butt welded[BW]螺纹的 threaded[THD]承插焊的 socket welded[SW]法兰 flange[FLG]整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰 slip-on flange平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖 blind flange;blind异径法兰 reducing flange压力级 pressure rating(class)突面 raised face[RF]凸面 male face凹面 female face全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer过滤器 filter临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器 Y-type strainerT型过滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle喷射器 ejector取样冷却器 sample cooler消音器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow补偿器 compensator软管接头 hose connection[HC]快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板 rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁 cast iron[C.I.]铝 aluminum铜,紫铜 copper钛 titanium抗拉强度 tensile strength非金属材料 non-metallic material塑料 plastic陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel玻璃 glass橡胶 rubber垫片 gasket[GSKT]平垫片 flat gasket填料 packing型钢 shaped steel角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam扁钢 flat bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel网络钢板 checkered plate材料表 bill of material[BOM]材料统计 material take-off[MTO]散装材料 bulk material综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line装置边界 boundary limit[BL]区界 area limit设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面 elevation[EL]支撑点 point of support[POS]工厂北向 plant north方位 orientation危险区 hazardous area classification净正吸入压头 net positive suction head绝对标高 absolute elevation坐标 coordinate管道研究 piping study管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置 piping assembly; layout详图 detail"X"视图 view "X""A-A" 剖视 section "A-A"轴测图 isometric drawing索引图 key plan管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表 list of nozzles地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number总管 header; manifold旁路 by pass常开 normally open常闭 normally closed取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line全夹套管 full jacketed比例 scale图 figure草图 sketch图例 legend符号 symbol件号 part n。
分析化学英文单词
F检验,F testG检验法,Grubbs testing methodQ检验法,rejection quotient testing method t分布,t distributiont分布曲线,t distribution curvet检验,t test标准参考物质,standard reference material,SRM标准偏差,standard deviation标准试样,standard specimen标准值,certified value操作误差,procedural error对照试验,check test方法误差,methodical error精密度,precision绝对误差,absolute error可定误差,determinate error空白试验,blank test空白值,blank value临界值,critical value偶然误差,accidental error偏差,deviation平均偏差,average deviation试剂误差,agent error随机误差,random error误差,error误差传递,error propagation误差减免,error derate系统误差,systematic error显著性检验,significance test显著性水平,level of significance线性回归,linear regression相对标准偏差,relative standard deviation相对平均偏差,relative average deviation相对误差,relative error相关分析,correlation analysis校准仪器,calibrating instrument样本标准差,sample standard deviation样本平均值,sample mean仪器误差,instrumenttal error有效数字,significant figure真值,true value正态分布,Gaussian distribution正态分布曲线,curve of normal distribution 置信区间,confidence interval置信水平,confidence level置信限,confidence limi重复性,reproducibility重现性,reproduction quality准确度,accuracy自由度,degree of freedom总体标准差,population standard deviation总体平均值,population mean变色点,color transition point变色范围,colour change interval标定,standardization标准溶液,standard solution标准溶液,standard solution沉淀,precipitation沉淀滴定法,precipitation titration催化剂,catalyst滴定,titration滴定度,titer滴定方程,titration equation滴定分析法,titrimetric analysis,titrimetry滴定曲线,titration curve滴定突跃,abrupt change in titration curve滴定误差,titration error,TE滴定终点,titration end point,ep滴定终点误差,titration end point error,TE电荷平衡,charge balance电荷平衡方程,charge balance equation电极电位,electrode potential电位计,potentiometer返滴定法,back titration非水滴定法,nonaqueous titration分布系数,distribution fraction副反应,side reaction化学计量点,stoichiometric point,sp化学计量关系,stoichiometric relationship化学平衡,chemical equilibrium基准物质,primary substances,primary standard间接滴定法,indirect titration均相平衡,homogeneous equilibrium离解,dissociation浓度,concentration平衡浓度,equilibrium molarity,species molarity酸碱滴定法,acid-base titration物料平衡,material balance物质的量浓度,molar concentration,molarity 相对误差,relative error氧化还原滴定法,oxidation-reduction titration,oxidation-redox titration直接滴定法,direct titration指示剂,indicator质量平衡,mass balance质量平衡方程,mass balance equation质子平衡,proton balance质子平衡式,proton balance equation质子自递反应, autoprotolysis置换滴定法,replacement titration终点误差,end point error专用试剂,special reagent准确度,accuracy变色范围,colour change interval滴定常数,titration constant滴定曲线,titration curve滴定终点误差,titration end point error非水滴定法,nonaqueous titration酚酞,phenolphthalein,PP缓冲溶液,buffer solution混合指示剂,mixed indicator甲基橙,methyl orange,MO碱性溶剂,basic solvent两性溶剂,ampototeric solvent区分效应,differentiating effect区分性溶剂,differentiating solvent双指示剂滴定法,double indicator titration酸碱滴定法,acid-base titration酸碱指示剂,acid-base indicator酸性溶剂,acid solvent无质子溶剂,aprotic solvent指示剂常数,indicator constant质子溶剂,protonic solvent二甲酚橙,xylene orange,XO副反应系数,side reaction coefficient钙指示剂,calcon-carboxylic acid,NN 共存离子效应,the effect of coexisting metal ions金属指示剂,metal ion indicator配合物,chelate compound配位滴定法,complex-formation titration配位效应,the coordination effect酸效应,the pH effect条件稳定常数,conditional formation constant稳定常数,formation constant乙二胺四乙酸,thylenediamine tetraacetic acid波长,wavelength波数,wave number单色器,monochromator电磁波谱,electromagnetic spectrum电磁辐射,electromagnetic radiation发射光谱法,emission spectroscopy非光谱法,non-spectroscopic methods分光光度计,spectrophotometer分子光谱法,molecular spectroscopy光谱,spectrum光谱分析法,spectroscopic analysis检测器,detectors滤光器,filter频率,frequency普朗克常数,Plank constant吸收光谱法,absorption spectroscopy原子发射光谱法,atomic emission spectroscopy原子光谱法,atomic spectroscopy质量谱,mass spectrum质谱法,mass spectroscopy, MS长移,bathochromic shift短移,hypsochromic shift供电子取代基,electron donating group红移,red shift肩峰,shoulder peak减色效应（淡色效应）,hypochromic effect 蓝（紫）移,blue shift末端吸收,end absorbtion谱带宽度,band width弱带,weak band生色团,chromophore透光率,transmitance,T吸电子取代基,electron with-drawing group 吸光度,absorbance吸收带,absorption band杂散光,stray light增色效应（浓色效应）,hyperchromic effect 助色团,auxochrome紫外可见分光光度法,ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry,UV-vis变形振动,deformation vibration变形振动,deformation vibration电子效应,electron effect对称伸缩振动,symmetrical stretching vibration共轭效应,conjugative effect红外光谱,infrared spectrum,IR红外光谱仪,infrared spectrophotometor红外吸收光谱法,infrared absorption spectroscopy剪式振动,scissoring vibration空间效应,steric effect面内弯曲振动,in-plane bending vibration面内摇摆,in-plane rocking面外弯曲振动,out-of-plane bending vibration 面外摇摆振动,out-of-plane wagging vibration 蜷曲振动,twisting vibration伸缩振动,stretching vibration伸缩振动,asymmetrical stretching vibration 特征频率,characteristic frequency特征吸收峰,characteristic absorption band弯曲振动,bending vibration吸收峰的强度,intensity of absorption band 相关吸收峰,correlation absorption band诱导效应,inductive effect二级光谱,second order spectrum核磁共振,nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR 化学等价,chemical equivalence化学位移,chemical shift化学位移相关谱（COSY谱）,chemical shift correlation spectroscopy局部屏蔽效应,local shielding邻偶,vicinal coupling屏蔽效应,shielding扫场,swept field扫频,swept frequency碳13核磁共振谱,Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,13C-NMR 无畸变极化转移技术（DEPT 谱）,distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer偕偶,geminal coupling选择性质子去偶法,selective proton decoupling一级光谱,first order spectrum远程偶合,long range coupling远程屏蔽效应,long range shielding effect质子核磁共振谱,proton magnetic resonance spectrum,PMR,1H-NMR非共振离子,in-resonance ion分子离子,molecular ion负离子,negative ion共振离子,resonance ion基峰,base peak均裂,homolytic cleavage离子检测器,ion detector离子源,ion source灵敏度,sensitivity能量聚焦,energy focusing频率扫描,frequency sweep碎片离子,fragment ion同位素离子,isotopic ion相对丰度,relative abundance亚稳离子,metastable ion异裂,heterolytic cleavage正离子,positive ion质量范围,mass range质量分析器,mass analyzer质量精度,mass precision质量色散,mass dispersion质谱,mass spectra中性碎片,neutral fragment重排开裂,rearrangement cleavage重排离子,rearrangement ion准分子离子,quasi-molecular ion半峰宽,peak width at half height保留时间,retention time保留体积,retention volume保留指数,retention index标准差,standard deviation薄层色谱法,thin layer chromatography,TLC薄膜色谱法,thin film chromatography超临界流体色谱法,supercritical fluid chromatography,SFC调整保留时间,adjusted retention time调整保留体积,adjusted retention volume反相,reversed phase分离度,resolution分配色谱法,partition chromatography分配系数,distribution coefficient分配系数,partition coefficient峰高,peak height峰宽,peak width峰面积,peak area高效液相色谱法,high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC固定相,stationary phase基线,baseline键合相色谱法,bonded-phase chromatography,BPC空间排阻,steric exclusion空间排阻色谱法,steric exclusion chromatography,SEC离子交换剂,ion exchanger离子交换色谱法,ion exchange chromatography,IEC理论塔板高度,height equivalent to a theoretical plate理论塔板数,theoretical plate number流动相,mobile phase毛细管电色谱,capillary electrochromatography,CEC毛细管电泳法,capillary electrophoresis,CE毛细管柱,capillary column平面色谱法,planar chromatography,plane chromatography气相色谱法,gas chromatography,GC容量因子,capacity factor色谱法,chromatography色谱图,chromatogram渗透系数,permeation coefficient死时间,dead time死体积,dead volume速率理论,rate theory塔板理论,plate theory填充柱,packed column拖尾峰,tailing peak拖尾因子,tailing factor涡流扩散,eddy diffusion吸附色谱法,adsorption chromatography洗脱,elution相对保留值,relative retention液相色谱法,liquid chromatography,LC正相,normal phase纸色谱法,paper chromatography柱色谱法,column chromatography纵向扩散,longitudinal diffusion保留指数,retention index气固色谱,gas-solid chromatography气相色谱法,gas chromatography气液色谱,gas-liquid chromatography填充型毛细管,packed capillary column载气,carrier gas载体,support反离子,counter ion反相色谱,reversed phase chromatography分配色谱法,partition chromatography固定相,stationary phase化学键合相色谱法,chemically bonded-phase chromatography极性参数,polarity parameter胶束色谱法,micellar chromatography,MC进样,injection空间排阻色谱法,steric exclusion chromatography,SEC离子交换色谱法,ion exchangechromatography,IEC流动相,mobile phase溶剂的强度和选择性,strength and selectivity of solvent色谱柱,column十八烷基硅烷键合相,octadecylsilane,ODS手性固定相,chiral stationary phase,CSP手性固定相,chiral stationary phase,CSP手性流动相添加剂,chiral mobile phase additive,CMPA手性色谱法,chiral chromatography,CC梯度,gradient填料,packing material涡流扩散,eddy diffusion吸附色谱法,adsorption chromatography线性范围,linear range液固色谱法,liquid-solid chromatography,LSC 液液色谱法,liquid-liquid chromatography,LLC 荧光检测器,fluorescence detector,FD正相色谱,normal phase chromatography紫外检测器,ultraviolet detector,UVD纵向扩散,longitudinal diffusion比移值,retardation factor薄层板,thin layer plate薄层色谱法,thin layer chromatography分离度,resolution分离数,separation number分配系数,distribution coefficient高效薄层色谱法,high performance thin layer chromatography固定相,stationary phase硅醇基,silanol活化,activation理论塔板数,number of theoretical plate平面色谱法,plane chromatography容量因子,capacity factor相对比移值,relative retardation factor仪器化薄层色谱法,instrumental thin layer chromatography原点,origin展开,development展开剂,developing solvent,developer纸色谱法,paper chromatography。
化工专业英文词汇大全
化学专业课程中英文对照普通化学General Chemistry分析化学Analytical Chemistry有机化学Organic Chemistry物理化学Physical Chemistry谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy无机化学Inorganic Chemistry普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics化学进展Progress in Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry工业催化Industrial Catalysis环境化学Environmental Chemistry环境监测Environmental Monitoring化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics应用化学专题Special Topics in Applied Chemistry化工装置常用词汇1一概论 introduction方案(建议书) proposal可行性研究 feasibility study方案设计 concept design工艺设计 process design基础设计 basic design详细设计 detail design开工会议 kick-off meeting审核会议 review meeting外商投资 foreign investment中外合资 joint venture中外合营 joint venture补偿贸易 compensation trade合同合同附件 contract卖方 vendor买方 buyer顾客 client承包商 contractor工程公司 company供应范围 scope of supply生产范围 production scope生产能力 production capacity项目 project界区 battery limit装置 plant公用工程 utilities工艺流程图 process flow diagram工艺流程方块图 process block diagram管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout设备表 equipment list成品(产品) product(final product)副产品 by-product原料 raw-material设计基础数据 basic data for design技术数据 technical data数据表 data sheet设计文件 design document设计规定 design regulation现场服务 site service项目变更 project change用户变更 client change消耗定额 consumption quota技术转让 technical transfer技术知识 technical know-howtechnical knowledge技术保证 technical guarantee咨询服务 consultative services技术服务 technical services工作地点 location施工现场 construction field报价 quotation标书 bidding book公司利润 company profit固定价合同 fixed price contract固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization银行保证书 bank guarantee letter保留金 retention所得税 income taxes特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes工作手册 work manual工作流程图 work flow diagram质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures采购计划 procurement plan施工计划 construction plan施工进度 construction schedule项目实施计划 project execution plan项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule设计网络计划 engineering network logic项目质量保证 project quality assurance项目质量控制 project quality control采购 procurement采购周期 procurement period会签 the squad check计算书 calculation sheets询价 inquiry检验 inspection运输 transportation开车 start up / commission验收 inspection & acceptance校核 check审核 review审定 approve版次 version部门 department专业 specialty项目号 project number图号 drawing number目录 contents序言 foreword章 chapter节 section项 itemMR material requisitionSPEC engineering specificationDATA SHEET（技术表） technical data sheetTBA(技术评标） technical bid analysisPDP preliminary design packagePM (项目经理) project managerLDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineerMRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotationMRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchaseBEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering packageP&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagramNNF normally no flowFO failure openFC failure closeC/S/A civil/structure/architectureDDP（详细设计阶段） detail design phase二. 工艺流程连续过程 continuous process间歇过程 batch process工艺叙述 process description工艺特点 process feature操作 operation反应 reaction副反应 side reaction絮凝 flocculation浮洗 flotation倾析 decantation催化反应 catalytical reaction萃取 extraction中和 neutralization水解 hydrolysis过滤 filtration干燥 drying还原 reduction氧化 oxidation氢化 hydrogenation分解 decomposition离解 dissociation合成 synthetics吸收 absorption吸附 adsorption解吸 desorption结晶 crystallization溶解 solution调节 modulate控制 control悬浮 suspension循环 circulation再生 regeneration再活化 reactivation沥取 leaching破碎 crushing煅烧 caloination沉降 sedimentation沉淀 precipitation气化 gasification冷冻 refrigeration固化、结晶 solidification 包装 package升华 sublimation燃烧 combustion引烧 ignition蒸馏 distillation碳化 carbonization压缩 compression三、化学物质及特性固体 solid液体 liquid气体 gas化合物 compound混合物 mixture粉 powder片状粉未 flake小粒 granule结晶 crystal乳化物 emulsion氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum母液 master liquor富液 rich liquor贫液 lean liquor萃出物 extract萃余物 raffinate絮凝剂 flocculants冷冻盐水 brine酸度 acidity浓度 concentration碱度 alkalinity溶解度 solubility凝固点 solidificalion point沸点 boiling point熔点 melting point蒸发率 evaporation rate粘度 viscosity吸水的 water absorbent(a)无水的 anhydrous(a)外观 appearance无色的 colorless(a)透明的 transparent(a)半透明的 translucent密度 density比重 specific gravity催化剂 catalyst燃烧 combustion引燃 ignition自然点 self-ignition temperature可燃气体 combustible gas可燃液体 inflammable liquid易燃液体 volatile liquid爆炸混合物 explosive mixture爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit废水 waste water废液 waste liquid废气 off-gas噪声 noise pollution成分 composition挠度 deflection力和力矩 force and moment弯矩 bending moment应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram百分比 percentage环境温度 ambient temperature工作温度 operating设计温度 design temperature(pressure)相对湿度 RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge杂质 impurity四、化工设备泵 pump轴流泵 axial flow pump真空泵 vacuum pump屏蔽泵 canned pump柱塞泵 plunger pump涡轮泵 turbine pump涡流泵 vortex pump离心泵 centrifugal pump喷射泵 jet pump转子泵 rotary pump管道泵 inline pump双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump计量泵 metering pump深井泵 deep well pump齿轮泵 gear pump手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump潜水泵 submersible pump斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump轴承 bearing叶轮 impeller虹吸管 siphon高压容器 high pressure vessel焚化炉 incinerator火焰清除器 flame arrester工业炉 furnace烧嘴 burner锅炉 boiler回转窑 rotary kiln加热器 heater电加热器 electric heater冷却器 cooler冷凝器 condenser换热器 heat exchanger反应器 reactor蒸馏釜 still搅拌器 agitator混合器 mixer静态混合器 static mixers管道混合器 line mixers混合槽 mixing tanks破碎机 crusher磨碎机 grinder研磨机 pulverizer球磨机 ballmill过滤器 filter分离器 separator干燥器 drier翅片 fins烟囱 stack火炬 flare筛子 screen煅烧窑 calciner倾析器 decanter蒸发器 evaporator再沸器 reboiler萃取器 extractor离心机 centrifuger吸附（收）器 adsorber结晶器 crystallizer电解槽 electrolyzer电除尘器 electric precipitator洗涤器 scrubber消石灰器 slaker料仓 bin料斗 hopper加料器 feeder增稠器 thickener澄清器 clarifier分级器 classifier浮洗器 flocculator废液池 sump喷射器 ejector喷头 sprayer成套设备 package unit仪器设备 apparatus附属设备 accessory旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor水环式压缩机 nash compressor螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor管式反应器 tubular reactor列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column板式塔 plate column填料塔 packed column洗涤塔 scrubber吸收塔 absorber冷却塔 cooling tower精馏塔 fractionating tower汽提塔 stripper再生塔 regenerator造粒塔 prill tower塔附件 tower accessories液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor填料支持板 support plate定距管 spacer降液管 downcomer升气管 chimney顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray挡板 baffle抽出口 draw nozzle溢流堰 weir泡罩 bubble cap筛板 sieve plate浮阀 float valve除沫器 demister pad塔裙座 skirt椭圆封头 elliptical head高位槽 head tank中间槽 intermediate tank加料槽 feed tank补给槽 make-up tank计量槽 measuring tank电解槽 cell溜槽 chute收集槽 collecting tank液滴分离器 knockout drum稀释罐 thinning tank缓冲罐 surge drum回流罐 reflux drum闪蒸罐 flash drum浮顶罐 floating roof tank内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank球罐 spheroid气柜 gas holder湿式气柜 wet gas-holder干式气柜 dry gas-holder螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve抽滤器 mutche filter压滤器 filter press压滤机 pressure filter板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter带式过滤器 belt filter翻盘式过滤器袋滤器 bag filter旋风分离器 cyclone separator盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier真空干燥器 vacuum drier隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier回转干燥器 rotary drier穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier圆盘式加料器 dish feeder螺旋式加料器 screw feeder颚式破碎机 jaw crusher回转破碎机 gyratory crusher滚洞破碎机 roll crusher锤式破碎机 hammer crusher冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer棍磨机 rod mill雷蒙机 raymond mill锤磨机 hammer mill辊磨机 roller mill振动筛 vibrating screen回转筛 rotary screen风机 fan罗茨鼓风机 root's blower起重机 crane桥式起重机 bridge crane电动葫芦 motor hoist发电机 generator电动机 motor汽轮机 steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 阀门 valve阀杆 stem内螺纹阀杆 inside screw阀座 valve seat (body seat)阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim阀盘 disc阀体 body阀盖 bonnet手轮 hand wheel手柄 hand level (handle)压盖 gland闸阀 gate valve平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat楔形单闸板 split wedge截止阀 globe valve节流阀 throttle valve针阀 needle valve角阀(角式截止阀) angle valveY型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球阀 ball valve三通球阀 3-way ball valve蝶阀 butterfly valve对夹式(薄片型) wafer type偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞阀 piston type valve旋塞阀 plug valve三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve旋塞 cock衬套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜阀 diaphragm valve橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve止回阀 check valve升降式止回阀 lift check valve旋启式止回阀 swing check valve落球式止回阀 ball check valve弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve底阀 foot valve切断式止回阀 stop check valve活塞式止回阀 piston check valve翻板止回阀 flap check valve蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve安全泄气阀 safety[SV]安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV]安全泄压阀 safety relief valve杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve气动阀 pneumatic operated valve低温用阀 cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水阀 float trap倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve呼吸阀 breather valve减压阀 pressure reducing valve控制阀 control valve执行机构 actuator差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve调节阀 regulating valve快开阀 quick opening valve快闭阀 quick closing valve隔断阀 isolating valve三通阀 three way valve夹套阀 jacketed valve非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve2管子,管件,法兰管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)钢管 steel pipe铸铁管 cast iron pipe衬里管 lined pipe复合管 clad pipe碳钢管 carbon steel[C.S.]pipe合金钢管 alloy steel pipe不锈钢管 stainless steel[S.S.]pipe奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe焊接钢管 welded steel pipe电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe排污阀 blowdown valve集液排放阀 drip valve排液阀 drain valve放空阀 vent valve卸载阀 unloading valve排出阀 discharge valve吸入阀 suction valve取样阀 sampling valve手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve(水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve旁路阀 by-pass valve软管阀 hose valve混合阀 mixing valve破真空阀 vacuum breaker冲洗阀 flush valve根部阀 root (primary, header) valve水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe塑料管 plastic pipe玻璃管 glass tube橡胶管 rubber tube壁厚 wall thickness[WT]壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.]加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong)双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow异径弯头 reducing elbow长半径弯头 long radius elbow短半径弯头 short radius elbow长半径180°弯头 long radius return短半径180°弯头 short radius return三通 tee异径三通 reducing tee等径三通 straight tee带支座三通 base tee45°斜三通 45°lateralY型三通 true"Y"四通 cross异径管 reducer同心异径管 concentric reducer偏心异径管 eccentric reducer管接头 coupling;full coupling活接头 union短管 nipple预制弯管 fabricated pipe bendU型弯管 "U"bend法兰端 flanged end万向接头 universal joint对焊的 butt welded[BW]螺纹的 threaded[THD]承插焊的 socket welded[SW]法兰 flange[FLG]整体管法兰 integral pipe flange钢管法兰 steel pipe flange螺纹法兰 threaded flange滑套法兰 slip-on flange平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange承插焊法兰 socket welding flange松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF]对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF]法兰盖 blind flange;blind异径法兰 reducing flange压力级 pressure rating(class)突面 raised face[RF]凸面 male face凹面 female face全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF]3.管道特殊件 piping speciality粗滤器 strainer过滤器 filter临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器 Y-type strainerT型过滤器 T-type strainer永久过滤器 permanent filter洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass阻火器 flame arrester喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle喷射器 ejector取样冷却器 sample cooler消音器 silencer膨胀节 expansion joint波纹膨胀节 bellow补偿器 compensator软管接头 hose connection[HC]快速接头 quick coupling金属软管 metal hose橡胶管 rubber hose挠性管 flexible tube特殊法兰 special flange漏斗 funnel8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板 rupture disk4,其它材料碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]不锈钢 stainless steel[S.S.]铸铁 cast iron[C.I.]铝 aluminum铜,紫铜 copper钛 titanium抗拉强度 tensile strength非金属材料 non-metallic material塑料 plastic陶瓷 ceramic搪瓷 porcelain enamel玻璃 glass橡胶 rubber垫片 gasket[GSKT]平垫片 flat gasket填料 packing型钢 shaped steel角钢 angle steel槽钢 channel工字钢 I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam扁钢 flat bar圆钢 round steel; rod钢带 strap steel网络钢板 checkered plate材料表 bill of material[BOM]材料统计 material take-off[MTO]散装材料 bulk material综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]汇总表 summary sheet5.设备布置及管道设计中心线 center line装置边界 boundary limit[BL]区界 area limit设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan标高,立面 elevation[EL]支撑点 point of support[POS]工厂北向 plant north方位 orientation危险区 hazardous area classification净正吸入压头 net positive suction head绝对标高 absolute elevation坐标 coordinate管道研究 piping study管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP]管道布置 piping assembly; layout详图 detail"X"视图 view "X""A-A" 剖视 section "A-A"轴测图 isometric drawing索引图 key plan管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]管口表 list of nozzles地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number总管 header; manifold旁路 by pass常开 normally open常闭 normally closed取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe蒸汽伴热 steam tracing热水伴热 hot-water tracing电伴热 electrical tracing夹套管 jacketed line全夹套管 full jacketed比例 scale图 figure草图 sketch图例 legend符号 symbol件号 part n。
分析化学英文课件13红外光谱学IR
(2) Steric effect field effect；sterically hindered effect；cyclic tension.
CH
3060-3030 cm-1
2900-2800 cm-1
1576cm-1 1611cm-1 1644cm- 1
C H2 C H2
1781cm-1 1678cm-1
Infrared spectrum
Ordinate: absorbance, Abscissa: wavelength λ(m) and wave number 1/λ (cm-1)
Described by Number, position, shape of peaks
Application: structure determination of organic molecules. Qualitation: characteristic absorptive frequency. quantitation: strength of absorptive peak.
Fundamental frequency peak.
(5) Transition from ground state to second excited state , creation of a weak absorptive
peak
frequency peak(倍频峰).
§13.1.4 Factor of the Effected the Position of Absorptive Peaks
Infrared active and infrared inactive
Symmetrical diatomics:
No change in dipole moment，infrared inactive Such as: N2, O2, Cl2, etc. Asymmetric molecules: Change in dipole moment，infrared active. Such as: HCl, H2O