(中考语法)专题九 动词及动词词组

由be构成的词组
be good at 善于；擅长于 be careful of 当心；注意；仔细 be ready for 为……作好准备 be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶 be interested in 对……感兴趣 be afraid of sth. / to do sth. 害怕……/不敢做…… be angry with sb. 生(某人)的气 be pleased (with) 对……感到高兴(满意) be famous for 以……而著名 be strict in sth. / with sb. (对工作 / 对人)严格要求 be worried (about sth.) 担忧 be late for 迟到 be made of (from) 由……制成 be busy doing sth. / with sth. 忙于……
③ 表示感官：look, feel, smell, taste, sound This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布手感很软。
④ 表示状态变化：become, get, go, grow, turn She becomes more beautiful than three years ago. 她比三年前漂亮多了。
A. run through B. look through
C. go through
D. put through 接通（电话）
【2016山东】 Our country is taking action to ___A___ air pollution.
A. cut down B. cut up C. cut out D. cut off 减少
练习题
【2016湖北宜昌】
—Excuse me, can I smoke here? —No, B .
A. you must
B. you’d better not
C. you’d not better D. you can
【2016重庆】 You D take me to the station. My brother’s taking me.
否定式 mustn’t
情态动词 过去式
词义
否定式
have / has to had to
不得不 don’t have to do / didn’t have to
—Do you have to look after your sister? —Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
情态动词 过去式
A. needn’t B. can’t C. may not D. mustn’t
回答must开头的一般疑问句，否定回答用needn’t
【2016重庆】He __D___ speak English very well although he has studied it for only one year. can意为“能，会”
由do构成的词组 do one’s best 尽力 do well in 在……某方面做得好
由get构成的词组 get up 起身
get ready for 为……作好准备
get on (well) with 与……相处(融洽) get back 返回 get on/off 上/下车 get to 到达
◆常考的动词短语
由come构成的词组
come back 回来 come out 出来 come from 来自
由set构成的词组
set up 竖起；建起 set off 出发；动身 set out 出发
由go构成的词组 go out for a walk 外出散步 go on (doing) 继续(做……)
由get构成的词组 give back 归还；送回 give away 分发；捐赠 give out 分发 give in 屈服 give up 放弃
由have构成的词组 have a good time 玩得很高兴 have a look (at) 看一看 have a rest 休息一会儿 have a talk 谈话
由think构成的词组 think over 仔细考虑 think of 想起 think about 考虑
由look构成的词组 look out of 往外看 look out 当心；小心 look up 往上看；仰望；查阅 look after 照顾 look for 寻找 look like 看上去像 look around 朝四周看 look at 看着……
动词短语的考查形式主要有三种：不同动词＋同 一介词；不同动词＋不同介词；同一动词＋不同介词。 对于常见的动词短语考生应牢记于心，尤其是要运用 到语境中，方便理解与记忆。
◆连系动词
① 表示状态：be We are proud of Su Bingtian. 我们因苏炳添而骄傲。
② 表示持续：keep, remain, stay, stand, lie He always keeps silent at meetings. 他开会时总是保持沉默。
第二部分 语法知识专项复习
专题九 动词及动词词组
2015-2016 广州中考动词近两年考点分布
题型 语法选择 完形填空 单词拼写 完成句子
2015 0 3 2 1
2016 2 3 2 2
分析中考真题，可发现动词是每年的必考点，其 中包括实义动词词义辨析和动词短语辨析。
满分点拨
解答实义动词的语境辨析类试题，首先要确定四 个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词，或前后 的逻辑关系，确定正确答案。因此考生在平时的学习 过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的用法。
【2015广东】 — __B___ there any living things on other planets? — I have no idea. Maybe we can know more about that in the future. A. Is B. Are C. Has D. Have
◆助动词
“be+现在分词” 构成现在进行时 I am reading a book. 我正在看书。 be “be+过去分词”构成被动语态 The clock was broken by Tom. 那个钟表被汤姆弄坏了。
“have (has)+过去分词” 构成现在完成时 I have never been to the Great Wall. have 我从来没去过长城。 (has) “had+过去分词”构成过去完成时 By the time I went outside, the bus had already left. 我到外面去的时候，车已经开走了。
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. must D. can
◆情态动词
情态动词 过去式
词义
can
could 能；会；可以
—Can you open the door? —Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
否定式 can’t / couldn’t
情态动词 过去式
词义
may might 可能；也许
构成一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式或疑问式 do You don’t like eating bread. 你不喜欢吃面包。 does Do you come from Japan？你来自日本吗？ did 构成祈使句的否定式
Don’t be late again! 不要再迟到！
构成一般将来时 will/
情态动词 过去式
need
need
词义 需要
—Need I return your books? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
否定式 shan’t / shouldn’t
否定式 won’t / wouldn’t
否定式 needn’t
情态动词注意点
① had better “最好……” You’d better have a rest. 你最好休息一下。
—I’m afraid you can’t. All museums in the city are closed on Monday. May I ... 意为“我可以……吗？” A. would B. need C. should D. may
【2016海南】
—Must I clean the room now? —No, you __A___. You can do it later.
② be able to 与can一样都可表示能力，但可用于各种时 态，有人称和数的变化。 She is able to sing English songs well. 她能把英语歌唱得很好。
③ have to / has to可与must互换 She had to look after her little sister when mother was out. 妈妈外出了，她不得不照看妹妹。
take care of 关心；照顾；保管 take away 拿走 take back 收回；带回 take off 脱下；拿掉 take part in 参加
—May I use your pen? —Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
否定式 may not / might not
情态动词 过去式
词义
must
must
必须；一定
—Must I go home now? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
由put构成的词组
put on 穿上；戴上；上演
put up 建造；搭起；举起；张贴
put into 使进入；输入
put one’s heart into 全神贯注于
put…down 把……放下
由take构成的词组
take one’s advice 听从某人劝告 take out 拿出；取出 take down 拿下 take place 发生 take a walk 散步 take it easy 别紧张
There will be more trees in one hundred years. shall 一百年后将有更多的树。
练习题
【2016山东】 —Oh, no! I can’t find my mobile phone! —Well, where __C__ you last put it? A. have B. do C. did D. will
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. don’t have to
【2015 广东】Look! The traffic light has turned red. We
__C___ stop our car.
A. can B. can’t C. must
D. mustn’t
【2015潍坊】 The new sweater I bought for my grandma
D
soft. She
likes it very much.
A. looks B. smells C. tastes D. feels
中考真题
◆情态动词
【2016广东】 —Mom, ___D___ I visit the art museum nexቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ Monday?
词义
shall should 应该；将要
—Shall we go for a walk? —Yes, we shall. / No, we shan’t.
情态动词 过去式
词义
will would
将要
—Will you go to school with me? —Yes, I will. / No, I won’t.
中考真题
【2016广东】Murder and Susan ___C___ for Shanghai to
attend an international meeting yesterday.
A. put off B. fell off C. set off D. kept off 出发
【2016江苏】If the customer rings up for me again, please D the call to the sales department.