浅论高中英语议论文的阅读理解
高考英语阅读理解突破——议论文的阅读技巧和方法
- 158-校园英语 / 基础教育研究高考英语阅读理解突破——议论文的阅读技巧和方法湖北省荆州市监利县朱河中学/朱晓洲【摘要】议论文是中学阶段学习的一种重要文体，话题一般较陌生、抽象，学生在阅读时难以抓住其中心思想。
本文围绕议论文在高考试题中经常设题形式，结合实例阐述议论文行文特点，并且探讨解题技巧和方法，从而有效的提高学生整体阅读水平。
【关键词】议论文 设计方式 对策高考将阅读能力的考察放在十分突出的位置，符合教学大纲中“侧重培养阅读能力”的原则。
该题占全卷分值40%，众所周知，得阅读、完形者得天下！考生能否在英语考试中得高分，该题具有举足轻重的作用。
议论文是英语中的重要文体。
从近几年各地高考英语试题来看，议论文在阅读理解中占有相当大的比重。
那么，在具体的教学过程中，如何做到“侧重培养”和有效提高学生的阅读能力呢？兵法云：“伤其十指不如断其一指”。
议论文，是有论点，有事实的文体。
作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。
该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节，以及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判定能力。
而且该类文章常用难词、长词和复杂句，给我们的阅读理解带来一定难度。
特别是在考试这样的情况下进行阅读答题。
因此，很有必要对议论文的文体特点及解题规律作一探索，实现突破。
一、议论文的语篇特点议论文的文体比较格式化，一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。
议论文是运用逻辑推理和证明来阐述某一观点、看法和主张的文体。
这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的，是条理性极强的文体。
二、议论文阅读理解的主要题型及对策从近几年的高考试题来看，议论文阅读理解的命题类型主要有以下四种出题方式：1.主旨大意题。
主旨大意题主要考查学生的总结概括能力，是专门检查对短文整体理解程度。
每篇文章都有主题句表明其主题(中心)思想。
浅谈高考英语阅读说明文及议论文的解题方略
教研园地JIAO YAN YUAN DI 浅谈高考英语阅读说明文及议论文的解题方略武鹏相甘肃省白银市靖远县第一中学 （甘肃省白银市 730600）摘 要：阅读作为英语教学的重点部分，在高考中更是得以体现，其所占比分值亦是相对较高，从近年来的高考试卷中不难看出，阅读题目的篇幅基本在4-5篇左右，可见阅读理解的重要性。
本文将以其中的说明文以及议论文为主要阐述对象，针对这两种阅读文的高考题型的解题方案进行分析，以促进学生得以掌握解题的技巧。
关键词：高考英语 英语阅读 说明文 议论文 解题方略英语阅读题型形式各样，考察的范围亦是相对较广，在文章体裁形式上，也并不唯一，这就对于学生的学习理解是否完全掌握有了精准的测评。
而在英语阅读的学习过程当中，亦是存在着解题方式不当、时间不够用等各种外界因素，导致成绩结果与学生实际水平不符的现象，这就需要教师针对解题策略展开培育，以促使学生得以有效的 答题。
1 命题规律以及文章形式1.1 说明文在英语阅读的说明文阅读题材中，通常是以介绍具体的一件事物或是事件所存在的现象等等，在描写人物方面相对较少。
其描述的对象范围主要是以时间点、背景以及未来的影响作用等为主要方向。
因而其题目内容的设计具有一定的复杂性，需要通过仔细阅读文章从而获取答案，在此过程中，则可依据题目的次序，分别找出题目与文中相符的段落内容以解题。
说明文的体裁形式一般分为三大模块，分别为说明的对象、经过以及总结，因而对于此类文章的考察重点则是学生对于文章中信息的获取与理解、准确的总结归纳等方面的能力。
这就要求学生对于说明文的各个层面角度加以掌握，明晰所述对象的特点特征[1]。
1.2 议论文议论文的体裁形式具有较为显著的特征性，其结构也主要是以三个方面所展开，即论点、论据和结论。
通常情况下，文章是以具体的现象作为文章的开端，进而据此提出相应的论点，进而在论点的基础上展开论据，最后作以总结。
其中，论点内容又可分为两种，一种为只有两个论点，这种形式的论点基本是以相互对立的形式所体现，一般情况下，作者会在文中结尾处表述自己所赞同的观点；另一种则为两种以上的论点形式，而这种多个论点一并出现的文章，通常是并列的形式所体现，进而在论据中表述各个论点的优势与劣势作用，这种类型的议论文，作者一般并未直接阐述其观点所指。
高二作文之浅谈高中英语议论文阅读解题技巧
浅谈高中英语议论文阅读解题技巧【摘要】议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判定能力。
所以学生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。
【关键词】英语;阅读;技巧阅读可以训练思维能力、理解能力、概括能力和判断推理能力，加强阅读能力的培养一直是高中英语教学的重点，也是历年来高考的重头戏。
阅读理解题在高考英语试题中始终是分值最高的一个题型，故有“得阅读者得天下”之说。
长期以来，我们的英语教学方法局限于语法翻译法，偏重于知识的传授，片面地追求卷面成绩，忽视了对学生听说能力的进一步培养和提高。
听和说是通过中枢神经系统传递思想的交际过程，听是理解和吸收信息，说是表达和传递信息。
听是说的基础，说是听的提高。
英语听说能力的提高应是同步的，是相互促进、不可分割的。
我们可以把学习和习得有机地结合起来，尽量加大语言信息刺激量，创设良好的语境，在搞好学生阅读理解能力训练的同时，在课堂教学中加强对学生进行听说能力的培养，在交际中学英语。
因此高中英语阅读教学是高中英语教学中极为重要的部分。
我们英语教学的目的就是要培养学生独立阅读能力和应用语言的能力。
而且，在近几年的高考试题中考察阅读理解能力的题占60%，这就要求我们在教学中必须注意培养学生英语阅读理解能力。
随着近几年高考改革的不断深入，阅读理解题更强调对阅读速度、知识面和理解能力的考查，试题变得越来越灵活，形式更加多样化，涉及政治、经济、文化、历史、人物、科普、新闻、广告甚至图表。
在各类体裁中，议论文是考生最容易失分的文体，因其信息承载量最大，选材偏离生活常识，阅读量最大。
阅读本身要求速度快，议论文中词汇、句式又高级复杂，更加深了学生对这一文体的恐惧。
因此，学生在扩大视野、拓展知识面的同时，有必要掌握一些议论文阅读解题技巧，这样才能在阅读理解这个重头戏中一锤定音。
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判定能力。
高考英语专题冲刺专题04阅读理解之议论文(含解析)
2021年高考英语专题冲刺专题04阅读理解之议论文（含解析）阅读明白得之议论文1.阅读明白得阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。
When I was young, my mother didn't have the money to send me to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with education. So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself. But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.We need every one of you to develop your talents and your skills so that you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems. If you quit on school—you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country. No one's written your destiny（命运）for you, because you write your own destiny. You make your own future. That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education and do everything you can to meet them. Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time reading a book.But whatever you decide to do, I want you to commit to it. I want you to really work at it. I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work—that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star. No one's born being good at all things. You become good at things through hard work. You're not a good athlete the first time you play a new sport. You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song. You've got to practi ce.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A．The writer's home was very rich.B．The writer's mother was a teacher.C．The writer was born in a poor family.D．The writer didn't like reading books.2.What does the writer want everyone to do by improving their talents and skills? A．To quit on their country to earn more money.B．To offer help to the old people who have difficulties.C．To write their own new destiny by working as TV star.D．To spend some time writing books about their own life.3.Why does the writer call on everyone to set his/her own goal?A．Because everyone's future is determined by themselves.B．Because everyone's future is to do simple work.C．Because everyone should do their homework.D．Because everyone should pay attention in class.4.How can people realize their great dream?A．By rapping.B．By playing basketball.C．By being a reality star.D．By working hard.【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.D2.B细节明白得题。
浅析高考阅读理解题的高中英语教学论文
浅析高考阅读理解题的高中英语教学论文阅读理解题是英语考试的难点，并且阅读理解题的分数占有很高的比重。
因此，做好阅读理解题对高考英语的成败起着至关重要的作用。
阅读理解题主要作为考查和测试考生英语综合运用能力的一种形式。
江苏省高考考试说明阅读理解要求：（1）理解语篇主旨大意。
（2）理解文中的详细信息。
（3）根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义。
（4）根据文中的事实和线索作出简单的判断和推理。
（5）理解文章的根本构造和文脉逻辑关系。
（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
（7）用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。
针对这些要求，考生做阅读理解题必须要具备读懂文章，看懂题目要求的能力。
考试中，阅读理解题型主要包括1.主旨大意题。
2.事实细节题。
3.推理判断题。
4.猜想词义题这几种题型。
考生熟悉了这些常考的题型，考试时心中有数，沉着应对。
考试中，主旨大意题一般以这样的提问形式：1、What is the main idea of this passage?2、What is the author’s main point?3、The main idea of the paragraph is.4、Which of the following sentences best expresses the main idea?5、What does the paragraph mainly suggest?6、The paragraph centers on the point that.7、The topic sentence of passage is ?8、Which is the best title?主旨大意题可以有下面几种情况：１）主旨在开头时，开门见山，提出主题，然后用细节来解释，支撑或开展主题句所表达的主要论点。
2）首尾照应。
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再点出主题，往往，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往有进一步的引申或开展。
高考英语议论文阅读攻略
济宁市育才中学2006级专题复习---议论文阅读训练学生自主作业设计制作：单俊刚宋贵波文字校对：陈雪云高考英语议论文阅读攻略一、议论文阅读理解语篇特点议论文是英语中重要文体，在每年高考阅读理解中占有一定比例。
相对于其它文体，议论文阅读要难一些，因此要多加重视。
议论文就是说理性文章，一般由论点、论据与论证过程组成。
议论文都要提出论题、观点、提供充分证据，使用一定逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。
二、议论文阅读理解主要题型从近几年观高考英语试题来看，议论文类阅读理解命题类型主要有：1. 主旨题考察考生对于议论文根本观点理解，是主旨题设题目。
做这种类型题目要弄清作者想说什么，即作者写此文章目。
2. 推理判断题这种题型特点是以事实为依据，但其结果有绝不是事实本身。
它主要测试考生逻辑思维能力，侧重于推理。
3. 细节题细节题也是议论文试题主要题型。
这种题要求考生理解文中具体观点与具体事实。
三、议论文阅读理解题解题技巧第一，抓论点、寻论据阅读议论文我们要抓住论题，即作者提出观点、给出例证及最后得出结论。
抓住了论题，我们就把我了中心。
第二，注重文章构造，理清文章脉络。
把握文章构造，有利于对文章大意理解。
从论证方法上讲，常见议论文构造有以下两类：1. Put forward a question →Analyze the question →Solve the question这就是“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题〞过程。
2. Argument/Idea → Evidence → Conclusion/Restating the idea这就是“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点〞过程。
第三，体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度，准确进展推理判断。
能否正确把握作者观点与态度是表达阅读能力重要方面。
一般来说，对作者总态度与倾向，必须在通读全文，掌握了论点与论据后，方能做出判断。
在判断作者观点态度时，我们应注意，有时候作者观点与态度并不是明确地表达出来，需要我们认真体察。
高中英语阅读题及答案——议论文专练(含答案)
高考英语阅读专练——议论文专练（含答案）1We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new，but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using，Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers，basic mobile phones，and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players，smart phones，and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices，however，we didn't throw out our old ones. "The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room，and suddenly one day，you have a TV in every room of the house，" said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team，old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007，but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function，such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.C. They cost more to use at home.D. They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?A. To reduce the cost of minerals.B. To test the life cycle of a product.C. To update consumers on new technology.D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A. The box-set TV.B. The tablet.C. The LCD TV.D. The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A. Stop using them.B. Take them apart.C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.2The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from coming into reality in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn't leading the way here. Companies have been testing their cars in cities across the country. It's hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology may change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is managed.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers should be talking more about how self-driving cars can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient and affordable choices to move around. The arrival of driverless cars is a chance to make sure that those cars are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own their self-driving cars. They accept long, slow journeys to and from work on crowded highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride. They take their driverless car to a date and set the empty car to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing(网约车)services. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless cars doesn't worsen the transportation system we have today. The coming technological development presents a chance for cities andstates to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.1.What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Self-driving cars are not allowed in the real world.B. Driverless taxies will be seen everywhere on the road in a short term.C. California is not alone in testing driverless cars.D. Self-driving technology will definitely benefit transportation system.2.According to the author, policymakers should pay more attention to __________.A. how driverless cars can help deal with transportation-related problemsB. how driverless cars can travel safelyC. how driverless cars can travel fasterD. how driverless cars can move more people3.What is a possible side effect of self-driving cars?A. Journeys to and from work become longer.B. More and more people abandon public transportation.C. There is no place to park them.D. They may result in traffic jams.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Preparing Cities for Robot CarsB. Future Technology UnderwayC. Transportation System in the FutureD. Robot Cars on the Road3I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There, a robotic nurse directs me onto a device and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription (处方). I pay for my visit using a credit card machine and return home without having met another human being.When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am thrilled. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like shouting, "When it comes to cashiers, make mine human, please!"After all, human cashiers sometimes give you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are buying. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can brighten a young mother'sday. A cashier may also show compassion (同情)for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of her purse.What technological device would do any of this? I don't want to go back to the Stone Age, but I'm also worried about a world run by machines. Sometimes when you're chatting with someone, you discover things you need to know. Maybe a receptionist needs prayers said for a sick child. Maybe a salesperson can offer a bit of encouragement to a customer who is feeling tired.Machines can be efficient and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. But they lack an element so important to everyday life.Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have. It is being human that prompts us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.1.What's the author's purpose in writing the first two paragraphs?A．To indicate high technology can make our future life very easyB．To describe a possible future scene where robots take control of our lifeC．To warn readers of the possible dangers of robotic nurses and doctorsD．To predict how technology can affect the way we see a doctoring the future2.Why does the author prefer being served by humans rather than by robots?A．Robots are indifferent and emotionlessB．Robots can't provide efficient servicesC．Robots don't offer to give store couponsD．Robots are unable to do a job as well as humans3.What's the author's attitude towards machines?A．He wishes one day they would come to lifeB．He is absolutely against their existence in his lifeC．He doesn't like they get involved in his life too muchD．He is afraid they would take the place of human beings4After years of heated debate, gray wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park．Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and transported to the park．By last year, the Yellowstone wolf population had grown to more than 170 wolves．Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human development．By the 1920s, wolves had practicallydisappeared from the Yellowstone area．They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where there were fewer humans around．The disappearance of the wolves had many unexpected results. Deer and elk populations —major food sources (来源) for the wolf – grew rapidly. These animals consumed large amounts of vegetation (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park. In the absence of wolves, coyote populations also grew quickly. The coyotes killed a large percentage of the park’ s red foxes, and completely drove away the park’ s beavers．As early as 1966,biologists asked the government to consider reintroducing wolves to Yellowstone Park．They hoped that wolves would be able to control the elk and coyote problems．Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets．The government spent nearly 30 years coming up with a plan to reintroduce the wolvers. The U．S．Fish and Wildlife Service carefully monitors and manages the wolf packs in Yellowstone．Today，the debate continues over how well the gray wolf is fitting in at Yellowstone．Elk，deer，and coyote populations are down，while beavers and red foxes have made a comeback．The Yellowstone wolf project has been a valuable experiment to help biologists decide whether to reintroduce wolves to other parts of the country as well．28．What is the text mainly about?A．Wildlife research in the United States．B．Plant diversity in the Yellowstone area．C．The conflict between farmers and gray wolves．D．The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone Park．29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?A．Tested．B．Separated．C．Forced out．D．Tracked down．30．What did the disappearance of gray wolves bring about？A．Damage to local ecology. B．A decline in the park’s income．C．Preservation of vegetation. D．An increase in the variety of animals．31．What is the author’s attitude towards the Yellowstone wolf project？A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Disapproving. D．Uncaring．5More students than ever before are taking a gap-year (间隔年)before going to university. It used to be called the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student had ship – young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to ￡15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and More students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term-time and the figure increases to 90% during vacation periods,” he said.29.What do we learn about the gap year from the text?A. It is flexible in length.B. It is a time for relaxation.C. It is increasingly popular.D. It is required by universities.30.According to Tony Higgins, students taking a gap year______.A. are better prepared for college studiesB. know a lot more about their future jobsC. are more likely to leave university in debtD. have a better chance to enter top universities31.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon?A. He’s puzzled.B. He’s worried.C. He’s surprised.D. He’s annoyed.32.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics?A. Attend additional courses.B. Make plans for the new term.C. Earn money for their education.D. Prepare for their graduate studies.6A typical lion tamer(驯兽师) in people's mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭) and a chair．The whip gets all of the attention，but it's mostly for show．In reality，it's the chair that does the important work．When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion's face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the sametime．With its focus divided，the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next．When faced with so many options，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair．How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve (e．g．lose weight，start a business，travel more) — only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information．The end result is that we feel like we can't focus or that we're focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress，and stay the same when we could be improving．It doesn't have to be that way．Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，remember this：All you need to do is focus on one thing．You just need to get started．Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people．If you have somewhere you want to go，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to become．．．take immediate action．If you're clear about where you want to go，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way．28．Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A．To show off his skills．B．To trick the lion．C．To get ready for a fight．D．To entertain the audience．29．In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A．They feel puzzled over choices．B．They hold on to the wrong things．C．They find it hard to make changed．D．They have to do something for show．30．What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A．Tolerant．B．Doubtful．C．Respectful．D．Supportive．31．When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to _______．A．wait for a better chance B．break your old habitsC．make a quick decision D．ask for clear guidance参考答案1.CBDC2. CABA3. BAC4.DCAB5.CABC6. AABC。
高考英语阅读理解之议论文解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解复习议论文体阅读理解题的应对策略解答议论类阅读理解试题，可以从以下几个方面着手考虑：作者在开始叙述一个现象，然后对现象进行解释。
这类文章的主题是文中最重要的解释或作者所强调的解释，阅读时要注意作者给出的原因，所以又被称为原因—结果(Cause & Effect)型。
还有一种比较常见的是问题—答案型，作者在一开始或一段末以问句提出一个问题(相当于一个现象)，然后给出该问题的答案(相当于解释)。
针对文中问题给出的主要答案就是这种文章的中心。
这里强调一点，答题时优先考虑正面答题(直接从文章内容得出答案)，然后从中心、态度或利用解答特征等其他角度对选项进行检验；如果从文章内容中直接无法解决，则从中心和态度方面考虑；次之，从解答特征方面考虑。
考生往往最怕此类体裁。
山穷水尽时，记住：首先从整体上把握文章中心和作者所持的态度，靠近中心的就是答案。
解题方法：1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。
此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。
考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。
推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。
考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
二、解题技巧历年全国高考英语阅读理解的题型无非基本都是考查主旨大意、词义猜测、推理判断和细节理解四大题型。
其中，命题以细节理解题为主，推理判断题为辅，又兼顾词义猜测题和主旨大意题。
细节理解题和推理判断题主要考查的是对原文具体细节的理解和把控能力，难度相对较小，广大考生除了平时必要的阅读量和词汇量的积累以外，掌握一定的解题技巧对解答阅读理解题来说也是至关重要的。
高中英语阅读理解汇编之议论文
阅读理解专练议论文5篇Passage 1(2017北京,D)Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶的)minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI)may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way:“If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans;it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work:we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist aslong as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11,1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12,1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.1.Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may.A.run out of human controlB.satisfy human’s real desiresmand armies of killer robotsD.work faster than a mathematician2.Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to.A.prevent themselves from being destroyedB.achieve their original goals independentlyC.do anything successfully with given ordersD.beat humans in international chess matches3.According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB.be secure against evil human beingsC.keep machines from being harmedD.avoid robots’ affecting the world4.What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A.It will disappear with the development of AI.B.It will get worse with human interference.C.It will be solved but with difficulty.D.It will stay for a decade.Passage 2(2016课标Ⅰ,D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nursewho understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based.2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be SilentC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is GoldPassage 3(2016浙江,A)“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday?” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining, Tori brags, “You bet I did. Sean told me two days ago.”Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about? It just happens to be yours truly, Adam Freedman. I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true. Still, Lindsey and Tori aren’t very different from moststudents here at Linton High School, including me. Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话). I have noticed three effects of gossip: it can hurt people, it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction, and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about. Usually, gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups, trouble at home, even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret. The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes. Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie. People often think of gossipers as harmless, but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip can be harmful, then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip: the satisfaction it gives us. Sharing the latest rumor (传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don’t. Similarly, hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words, gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感).Gossip also can have a third effect: it strengthens unwritten, unspoken rules about how people should act. Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group. Translated into high school terms, this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said, then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention. The do’s and don’ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation. The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.1.The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to.A.introduce a topicB.present an argumentC.describe the charactersD.clarify his writing purpose2.An important negative effect of gossip is that it.A.breaks up relationshipsB.embarrasses the listenerC.spreads information aroundD.causes unpleasant experiences3.In the author’s opinion, many people like to gossip because it.A.gives them a feeling of pleasureB.helps them to make more friendsC.makes them better at telling storiesD.enables them to meet important people4.Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can.A.provide students with written rulesB.help people watch their won behaviorsC.force schools to improve student handbooksD.attract the police’s attention to group behaviors5.What advice does the author give in the passage?A.Never become a gossiper.B.Stay away from gossipers.C.Don’t let gossip turn into lies.D.Think twice before you gossip.Passage 4(2016北京,D)Why College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence,during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations, college was a decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility,college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents’ desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefo re, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students?A.Sympathetic.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.2.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means.A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension3.According to the author, what role should college play?A.To develop a shared identity among students.B.To define and regulate students’ social behavior.C.To provide a safe world without tension for students.D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development.4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?I:Introduction P:Point Sp:Sub-point(次要点)C:ConclusionPassage 5(2014课标Ⅰ,C)A typical lion tamer(驯兽师)in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip(鞭)and a chair.The whip gets all of the attention,but it’s mostly for show.In reality,it’s the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)—only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way.Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face,remember this:All you need to do is focus on one thing.You just need to get started.Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.If you have somewhere you want to go,something you want to accomplish,someone you want to become...take imm ediate action.If you’re clear about where you want to go,the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.1.Why does the lion tamer use a chair?A.To trick the lion.B.To show off his skills.C.To get ready for a fight.D.To entertain the audience.2.In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair?A.They feel puzzled over choices.B.They hold on to the wrong things.C.They find it hard to make changes.D.They have to do something for show.3.What is the author’s a ttitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.4.When the world is “waving a chair in your face”,you’re advised to .A.wait for a better chanceB.break your old habitsC.make a quick decisionD.ask for clear guidance答案全解全析Passage 1[语篇解读]本文为议论文。
高三英语阅读理解专题三议论文带答案
高三英语阅读理解专题三------议论文1 文体特点：写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方），我认为……写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
这是高考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。
在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。
此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。
在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。
解题方法：1.把握文章的论点、论据和论证。
此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。
考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。
推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。
考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
主旨大意题解题方法：一、题型解读和思维导向：主旨大意题是高考阅读理解中常考的题型之一，主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以概括文章或段落大意以和选择标题等形式出现。
主旨大意题是阅读理解题中的高难度题，能够拉开考生的分数差距，所以此类题目在高考试题中具有很好的选拔作用，属于能力型题目。
主旨大意题一般分为三类，即标题归纳类、文章大意类和段落大意类。
二、命题区间和读文关注点1．文首、段首、段尾句：一般来说，阅读文章中第一段首句往往是强开弱收型文章中心思想的表达处；第二段首句或第一段尾句往往是转开弱收型文章的主题句所在；而有时每段的段首句、段尾句是该段的段落主题句。
因此，解答主旨大意题时要对这些地方多加关注。
2024年新高考英语一轮复习专题 19 阅读理解之议论文(含答案解析)
专题19 阅读理解（议论文）1.（2023年福建省泉州第五中学高考模拟试题）Technology seems to discourage slow reading. Reading on screens tires eyes easily. So online writing is more skimmable than print. The neuroscientist Mary Walt argued this “new norm” of skim reading is producing “an invisible, dramatic transformation” in how readers process words. And brains now favor rapid absorption of information, rather than skills developed by deeper reading, like critical analysis.We shouldn’t overplay this danger. All readers skim. Skimming is the skill we acquire as we learn to read more skillfully. And fears about declining attention spans have proved to be false alarms. “Some critics worry about attention span and see very short stories as signs of cultural decline, ” The American author Selvin wrote. “But nobody ever said poems were evidence of short attention spans. ”Yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. First, it means there’s more to read, because more people than ever are writing. And digital writing means rapid release and response. Once published, online articles start forming a comment string underneath. Such mode of writing and reading can be interactive and fun, but is probably lacking in profound reflection.Perhaps we should slow down. Reading is constantly promoted as a source of personal achievement. But this advocacy emphasizes “enthusiastic” or “eager” reading — neither suggest slow absorption. To a slow reader, a piece of writing can only be fully understood by immersing oneself in their slow comprehension of words. The slow reader is like a swimmer who stops counting the number of pool laps he’s done and just enjoys how his body feels and moves in water.The human need for this kind of deep reading is too determined for any new technology to destroy. We often assume technological change can’t be stopped, so older media are kicked out by newer, more virtual forms. In practice, older technologies can coexist with new ones. The Kindle hasn’t killed off printed books any more than cars killed off bicycles. We still want to enjoy slowly-formed ideas and carefully-chosen words. Even in a fast-moving age, there is time for slow reading.1．What is the author’s attitude towards Selvin’s opinion?A．Favorable.B．Critical.C．Doubtful.D．Objective.2．Which statement would the author probably agree with?A．Advocacy of passionate reading helps promote slow reading.B．Digital writing and reading tends to ignore careful reflection.C．We should be aware of the impact skimming has on the brain.D．The number of Internet readers declines due to technology.3．Why is “swimmer” mentioned in paragraph 4?A．To demonstrate how to immerse oneself in thought.B．To stress swimming differs from reading.C．To show slow reading is better than fast reading.D．To illustrate what slow reading is like.4．Which would be the best title for the passage?A．Slow Reading is Here to StayB．Technology Prevents Slow ReadingC．Reflections on Deep ReadingD．The Wonder of Deep Reading【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A【导语】这是一篇议论文。
专题05 阅读理解之议论文(解析版)2020年高考英语5-6月最新全国卷模拟题汇编(第二辑)
专题05阅读理解之议论文1.（2020届安徽省蚌埠市高三第三次质检）Scientist，conservation organizations and government trying to stop the trend of extinction （灭绝）often focus on protected areas such as national parks and wildlife preserves. But with as many as million species（物种）at risk，this plan of action may not be enough to conserve wildlife.Slowing the mass extinction that now appears to be underway will require more creative means of coexisting alongside wild plants and animals. A new study indicates the effectiveness of some such approaches by examining some lands managed by indigenous groups.“ We show really strongly that，from a biodiversity standpoint in terms of species richness，indigenous －managed lands are at least comparable to protected areas，” says biologist Richard Schuster of Carleton University. And in some places，they are better than parks and preserves －even though indigenous communities may use their lands’ resources by hunting or searching for food.Schuster and his team analyzed more than 15，000 areas in Australia，Brazil and Canada. They found that the total diversity of wildlife was highest on lands either managed or co －managed by indigenous groups，while randomly selected areas with no formal protection were the least bio－diverse. For threatened species in particular，indigenous lands scored slightly higher than protected lands on overall species richness in Brazil and Canada，as well as higher for threatened animals in Australia.Each country has a different geography，climate and history. Yet remarkably，Schuster says，the best indicator for species diversity is whether a given area was managed by an indigenous community. He pointed out that practices such as sustainable（可持续的）hunting，fishing and searching，as well as burning，are more likely to occur in such areas. Don Hankins，an ecologist at California State University，agrees. “ there’ s probably going to be more of a connection to the land，” he says，“ and a use of the land for the things that are there，compared to a national park. ”“ It’ s really important to listen to the people who live on the land and have them drive the stewardship efforts going forward，” Schuster says，adding that partnering with indigenous communities may enable the world’ s countries to better meet a wide range of conservation goals：“ We really need all the help we can get as a global community to prevent species extinction that we’ re facing right now. ”8．What does the underlined word “ indigenous” probably mean in Paragraph 2？A．Social. B．Native.C．Protected. D．Threatened.9．What did Richard Schuster find in his study？A．National parks are even higher in species diversity.B．Indigenous communities overhunted on their lands.C．Some preserves almost have no formal protection.D．Indigenous lands do better in keeping bio－diversity.10．Which of the following statements may Don Hankins agree with？A．Species diversity depends on geographical positions.B．Humans’ everyday activities are no longer sustainable.C．Indigenous groups have a close bond with their lands.D．Protected areas work perfectly in wildlife protection.11．What is the text mainly about？A．Beating back extinction. B．Dealing with environmental problems.C．Setting up nature reserves. D．Fighting against unsustainable behaviors.【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．A【解析】本文为议论文。
高三英语阅读理解专题三 议论文带答案
高三英语阅读理解专题三------议论文1A．How to Get People to V olunteer B．How to Study V olunteer BehaviorsC．How to Keep V olunteers' Interest文体特点：D．How to Organize V olunteer Activities分析：首先，根据题干可以确定此题为主旨大意题。
文章首段就表明了大意。
首段末句说到两个，我认为……写法一：正方（甲方），反方（乙方）方面：为什么人们从事志愿工作，是什么让他们将从事这项工作的兴趣保持下去。
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题写法三：论点，理由（证据），重申论点。
A项内容包含了这两方面内容，故选A项。
这是高考中常考的体裁，内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。
在这类体裁的文章C项只是文章后半部分的大意，无法涵盖本文的主题。
B中把握好论点、论据和论证很重要。
此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会较多，这、D两项只是文章的细节。
体验高考：也是得分比较难的题型。
在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从A而更好地依据文章的事实做出合理的推断。
（2015全国卷1）Conflict is on the menu tonight at the caféLa Chope. This evening, as on every Thursday night, 解题方法：psychologist Maud Lehanne is leading two of France's favorite pastimes, coffee drinking and the “talking 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。
此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
1.cure”. Here they are learning to get in touch with their true feelings. It isn't always easy. The 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点；或在一些例子之后，总要抒发2. customers-some thirty Parisians who pay just under $2 (plus drinks) per session are quick to 一些议论。
高中生英语阅读理解能力及答题技巧之浅议论文
高中生英语阅读理解能力及答题技巧之浅议摘要：随着社会的发展，英语的重要性越来越突出，已成为了人类生活各个领域中使用最广泛的语言。
教育部也已经把英语课程学习提到磨砺意志、拓展视野、开发思维能力、发展人文素养的高度，并对高中阶段英语教学听、说、读、写四大技能应到达的目标进行了详细地描述。
本文就怎样提高高中生英语阅读能力及答题技巧展开论述。
关键词：阅读理解能力答题技巧提高长期以来，在高中英语教学中，阅读课一直是最受重视的。
通过阅读，学生可以获取新的知识、提高认知水平、增加分析和解决问题的能力。
通过阅读，学生还可以获得必要的语言输入，从而扩大词汇量、增强语感、提高语言水平。
那么应该怎样帮助学生提高阅读理解能力呢？首先，要充分利用课文这一语言载体来提高学生的阅读能力，首先要对课文中的长句、难句进行详细地讲解。
长句难句中往往包含较多的从句和较为复杂的语法结构，是理解中的难点，我们要结合语法教学，通过分析句子结构对新出现的语法现象进行详尽地说明，对英语中的一些固定句型和习惯搭配引导学生用英语进行思维，从整体上加以理解，而不仅仅是字对字的翻译。
其次，在阅读教学过程中，不仅要指导学生理解字面上的意义，还要引导学生去体会文章的内涵，理解作者从字里行间传达出的思想，从而把握作者的写作目的及对所述事物的态度。
第三，朗读是提高阅读能力的有效方法之一。
通过朗读，进一步加深对所读材料的理解和记忆，达到自我欣赏和感染他人的境界。
对于特殊优美的文段或经典的语句，可以要求学生背诵，让他们达到铭记在心，出口成章的境界。
第四，仅仅精读课文远远不能达到提高阅读能力的目的，所以课外阅读是必不可少的。
通过课外阅读，学生们增加了知识，拓展了视野，提高了人文素养。
英语阅读能力的提高是一个长期的，循序渐进的过程，不可能一蹴而就。
作为英语教师，我们可以通过各种教学实践，逐步达到这一目标，切实提高学生的阅读能力，为他们今后进一步学习和运用英语打下坚实的基础。
专题04阅读理解议论文(考情分析真题回顾最新模拟试题)-高考英语二轮复习核心专题
专题04 高考阅读理解议论文一、考情分析阅读是英语学习输入的重要形式之一，纵观近年的高考题，不难看出，阅读是高考的重点考查点之一。
难怪有人说，“得阅读者得天下”，这也说明了英语学习中阅读的重要性。
而且分值也达到了50分，占整套试卷的三分之一，阅读理解中一般来说有一篇是议论文。
议论文阅读尤其考查学生的思维品质，研究议论文阅读对培养学生英语阅读的逻辑思维和批判性思维非常必要。
英语议论文是一种说理性的文章，作者通过陈述观点试图说服读者接受其所给的观点，它是高考阅读理解题中较难的题目。
观点必须要由一些例子、理由和逻辑支撑。
简而言之，议论文的结构通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”。
一篇好的议论文，观点明确且正确，论据充分，论证合乎逻辑，结构、层次清晰。
议论文的题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多个领域，涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面，以及和自然科学交叉的学科，体现以人为本的特点。
一、题型介绍议论说理类文章就是议论文，是高考阅读理解题中一种较难的题目。
从近年来的高考英语试题内容分析中可以得出结论，议论文类阅读题的实际内容丰富多彩，数量较大。
议论说理类文章具有以下特点：1. 题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多种领域，以及和自然科学交叉学科，体现以人为本的特点。
具体说来：(1)一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的方法写作。
作者一般从日常生活中的热点问题、社会上的重大问题、与读者息息相关的问题入手，即提出问题。
然后，分析利弊，举例说明，推理判断，即分析问题。
最后，阐述观点，提出办法，即解决问题。
(2)以作者的观点或情感为核心，对细节推理等方面进行考查。
(3)文章的主题一般是生活中的热点问题、重大问题或与生活息息相关的问题等。
2. 侧重考查学生对文章深层意义的理解。
通常情况下，深层理解题占多数，这就要求学生读议论文时，不能仅限于对文章的表层理解，只抓一些事实细节，而且要注重对文章的意图、作者的观点以及内在逻辑联系的审视。
浅论高中英语议论文的阅读理解
浅论高中英语议论文的阅读理解作者：张春萍来源：《中学英语园地·教学指导版》2012年第30期摘要：议论文是高考英语阅读理解中的重要文体，但由于信息量大，与学生生活常识有一定距离，加之学生思维不缜密，因而易于失分。
因此，为了提高学生议论文的阅读解题能力，则需让学生了解此类文体的考试特点。
关键词：高中英语议论文阅读理解分类突破近几年，高考英语阅读理解更注重对学生阅读速度、知识面及理解能力的考查。
其题材更为丰富多样，涉及了社会各领域，如历史、经济、科普、广告等。
其体裁也具有多样性，如议论文、说明文、应用文等。
其中，议论文具有较强的逻辑性，主要考查学生的思维与判断能力。
因此，在高中英语阅读理解训练中，教师需指导学生了解议论文的题目类型，把握解题技巧，进行分类突破。
一、主旨大意题在高考议论文阅读理解中，主旨大意题考查的是对文章主题与中心思想的理解能力。
这需要学生基于全文理解的基础之上利用多种思维方法，如概括、归纳、判断与推理等，来高度总结文章。
由提问形式，可将主旨大意题概括为两大类：如何理解段落与全文中心思想；如何选择或拟定最优标题。
在解答这类题目时，其关键在于把握段落或文章的主题句。
在平时的教学中，教师需要向学生讲解议论文常用的论证方法。
第一、驳论法。
即首先将错误观点列出，而后逐条批驳来反证自己的观点是否正确。
第二、归纳法。
即由个别事例切入，找到事物的共同点，而获得结论。
第三、演绎法。
由一般论断入手来说明个别事物，最后得出结论。
此外，还需注意议论文常用的推理、辩论性句型与词汇，如for example，Its clear that...等，以了解作者意图。
例如，2012全国高考英语新课标试题中阅读理解D篇文章是一篇议论文，其中的67题是这样的：What is the main idea of paragraph1？A.People remember well what they learned in childhood.B.Children have a better memory than grown⁃ups.C.Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D.Stories for children are easy to remember.该题考查的是主旨要义。
浅谈如何有效进行高中英语议论文的阅读
浅谈如何有效进行高中英语议论文的阅读作者：余丽娜来源：《新课程》2021年第36期摘要：伴随着我国教学体制改革进程的推进，议论文阅读在高中英语教学中的比重得到提高。
提升学生的议论文阅读速度与质量，促使学生从阅读内容中提取关键性信息，进而完成相应的题目，是英语教学过程中应当重点考虑的问题。
凭借多年教学经验谈一些看法与观点，以期为相关教学工作者提供必要的帮助与借鉴。
关键词：议论文阅读;高中英语;思想作为一门语言类学科，议论文阅读是高中英语教学中的重要内容之一[1]。
众所周知，议论文中有三要素“论点、论据、论证”，找到并提取这三点内容对提升学生的阅读质量有着关键性的促进作用。
对学生而言，利用议论文阅读不仅可以加强自身知识方面的积累，同时还可以提升自己对文章的分析技巧以及逻辑思维能力。
但是，经过实际调查研究发现，受应试教育理念的影响比较严重，很多教学工作者习惯于采取“题海战术”的方式进行教学，希望通过大量的练习来达到预期教学效果。
这种教学方式容易导致学生产生麻木的心理，会使学生逐渐形成应付的态度，从长远的角度来看非常不利。
因此，高中英语教学工作者应当从议论文的体裁规律着手，对学生开展具体化、针对性的分析，传授学生阅读议论文的方法与技巧，进一步提升学生的答题能力。
一、抓住关键性词语，掌握文章大意在议论文教学中，教师应当教会学生如何从阅读内容中提取关键性以及标志性的词语，将这些词语融合起来并结合文章的题目进行分析，进而从其内容指向来分析出作者的思想观点，这对于帮助学生掌握文章大意有着很好的作用与效果[2]。
例如，当一篇议论文的阅读理解摆在学生的眼前，不能将自己的注意力集中到每一个单词上，需要学会紧扣文章中的关键性单词或者短语，这些内容可以帮助学生快速厘清文章的脉络以及结构，就像在阅读记叙文的时候需要紧扣time，place，person一样，在阅读议论文的时候，学生需要紧紧抓住一些表示逻辑关系的词语如although，de-spite，but，whereas等，通过逻辑词来厘清段与段、句与句的逻辑关系，达到更好推理的目的。
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浅论高中英语议论文的阅读理解
议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判定能力。
所以我们要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境（某几句话能读懂的）能揣测作者的意图。
标签：英语；阅读；技巧
一、高中英语议论文的篇章结构
1.议论文的整体结构。
议论文有三要素：论点、论据和论证。
论点是作者对所议问题提出的见解和主张。
论据是用来证明论点的根据。
论证是运用论据来证明论点的过程和方法。
2.议论文的语篇结构。
议论文的整体结构一般可分为引论、本论和结论。
引论提出问题，本论分析问题，结论解决问题。
从层次的角度看，议论主体部分可以分为并列式、对照式和层进式。
其中，并列式又可以分为论据并列式和分论点并列式；对照式可以分为正反对比论证和破立结合论证；而层进式可以是由“为什么”到“怎么样”，由现象到本质，由具体到抽象或由抽象到具体，由此及彼，由近及远，由简单到复杂，由特殊到一般等的层层递进式论证。
二、高中英语议论文的命题规律
议论文的命题题型主要是主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题及词义或者句意释义题。
具体释例如下：
第一，主旨大意题，包括主要内容、标题和目的三种小题型。
常见题干形式举例如下：
What is the main idea/topic/subject/general idea of this passage？
The passage is mainly about______
This passage mainly discussed______
Which of the following best summarizes this passage？
What dose this passage mainly deal with？
This passage mainly focuses on______
What would be the best title of this passage？
What is the purpose of the writer to write this passage？
第二，细节理解题的考察范围是最广的。
在题干中出现了文章中具体内容的或者是与具体内容相似内容的题目就是细节理解题。
例如，题干中出现人名、地名、时间、地点、具体事物、具体动作等，它的具体形式因文章具体内容而变化。
第三，推理判断题的常见题干形式举例如下：
It can be inferred from the passage that______
What can be learned from this passage？
In this passage，the writer suggests that______
From this passage，we know/learn that______
From this text，we can infer that______
Which of the following is Not true/right？
Which of the following is wrong/right？
All the following statements aye wrong/fight except______
第四，词义或者句意释义题的常见题干形式举例如下：
What does the underlined word“…”refers to______
What does the underlined word“…”（in line…paragraph…）mean？
The underlined word/sentence“…”means______
The underlined word is related to
By saying“…”，the writer means______
三、高中英语议论文的解题策略
1.重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨。
标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。
英语文章讲究使用主题段或主题句。
主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头交代该段的中心意思，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。
主题句也可能在中间或末尾，
由全段展开讨论后归纳总结出来。
所以始终关注首尾段落和每段第一句能够帮助基础较薄弱在不完全能读明白文章的情况下也能大概了解作者的观点主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。
根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。
议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总一分一总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。
通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。
通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。
2.细读文章，注意文章细节理解。
除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查我们对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。
经常出现排序题（按事情发展顺序排序），图表题（按文章内容找出正确图形），正误题（依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断）对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。
虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。
细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。
对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not 或except等表示否定意义的词，则要更加留意。
此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。
做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系，英语中有许多功能词。
3.理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图。
做推理判断题要求大家在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走人误区。
英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段與段之间通常有过渡词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。
有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。
要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句问和段落问的修辞手段或逻辑关系。
作者往往在构思语篇前总要进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的“潜台词”。
因此，这类试题要求大家利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。
4.多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧。
由于阅读中大约会有3%左右的生词，须根据上下文或整篇文章才能做出推断。
由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。
所以感到生词特别集中，困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。
要解决阅读中的生词问题，一要扩大英语词汇量，二要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法。
如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法。
总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对我们来说难度较大的议论文阅读，应从
篇章和试题双方面入手。
通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略。