戴炜栋语言学名词解释

The limited range of sounds which are meaningful in human communication constitute the phonetic medium of language.(and the individual sounds within this range are

The study of phonic medium of language and it is concerned with all sounds

s point of view, i.e. how

i.e. how the sounds

It studies the physical properties of the stream of sounds which the

It studies the way sounds travel by looking at the sound waves,the physical means by

or sounds sequences

to show sounds

of letters

a speech sound in which the air stream is obstructed in one way or another.

a speech sound in which the air stream from the lung meets with no obstruction.

are produced by moving

’s represented

and how sounds form

two phonetically similar sounds occur in the same environment and

don’t distinguish

particular language.

The rule assimilates one sound to another by copying a feature of a The rule that a sound is to be deleted although it is orthographically

Tones are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration When pitch, stress and sound length are tied to the sentence rather than the

the initial consonant

of words and rules

A group of words, which contains an unlimited number of items, and new words

A group of words whose membership is small and does not readily accept new

without altering

changes the meaning

of a word, and which usually changes the part The affix, which is added to the beginning of a word, and which usually changes Morpheme that can not be used alone, and it must be combined wit others.

Bound morpheme, which can be added to a stem to form a new word.

categories,

how morphemes combine

A combination of two or more words, which functions as a single words

the morphological process which adjusts words by grammatical modification

affixes are added

A branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and

same or similar functions

Words can be grouped together into a relatively small number of

one type of word level categories, which often assumed to be the

one type of word level categories, which helps or modifies major

syntactic units that are built around a certain word category are called phrase, the category of which is determined by the word category around which the phrase is built.

In all phrases, the specifier is attached at the top level to the left of the head while the complement is attached to the right. These similarities can be summarized as

of

elements of the same type

known as coordination.)

s complement is included in the head

The sentence introduced by the complementizer is called a complement

the elements, including a complementizer and a complement clause is

embedded is called matrix