词义猜测题解题技巧

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浅谈阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题技巧

ｌａ．ｏｄｓ
６．ｅｗｏｄｂａｓｏａｄ０Ｔｈｒｓ“ ｏｔｎｌｎ ”ｕｄｒｎｄｉｎｅｌｅｎｉ
Ｐａｒｐｅｅｒａｇａｈ２ｒｆｒｔｏ
．
Ａ。ｎｍａｓｆｒｔｋｎｏｄａｉｌｏａｉｇｇｏｓＢ．ｒａｕｅｏｕｌｇｐｏｃｅｔｒｓｆｒｐｌｎｌｗｓｉ
一
Ａ．ｒｅｉｇｐｉｔｆｅｚｎｏｓｎＢ．ｕｎｎｏｔｂｒｉｇｐｉｓｎＣ．ｌｎｍｅｔｇｐｉｔＤ．ｏｌｇｐｉｔｉｏｎｓｂｉｎｏｓｉｎ
解析：据后一句的ｓｃｅｍｅｔｇ根ｕｈａｔｌｓｈｉｎ
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Ｃ．ｅｕｅｆ山ｅｆｌｕｔｒｒｓｔａｒｓｏｋｃｌｅｏｕＤ．ｏｌｉ１ａｍｉｇｅｏｏｙｔｏｓｎｔｅｆｒｎｃｎｍＩ
１１ｈｎｅｌｅｒ “ ．］ｅｕｄｒｎｄｗｏｄ …”ｐｏａｌｅｎｉｒｂｂｙｍａｓ
在阅读中，我们往往会遇到一些不认识的单词或短语，或者认识的单词在文章中有了新的意义，时，这我们就必须根据上下文对它们的意义进行猜测，使之不影响对文章的理解。尤其近年来，猜测词义题难度略有增加，需在较复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。常见的设问方式此类试题主要有以下几种常见的设问方式：
（融化）ｏｅｉｈｅｅｎａｄｏｆｔｃｓｅｔｉＧｒｅｌｒｈｅｓｎｎ

专题15-阅读之词义猜测题(原卷版)-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过

考点15 阅读之词义猜测（原卷版）【命题趋势】词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。

所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。

词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。

可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。

只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。

当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式(1) 代词类猜词题The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.The underlined word “it" in Para. 4 refers to _______.(2) 其他类猜测题What does the word X (in Paragraph X) mean?What does the underlined word X mean?What can we learn from the underlined sentence?The underlined word X probably means _______.考向二【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%）rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.1. 代词类猜词题做题方法第一步：优先看划线句第二步：前指向性第三步：代词单复数线索2. 其他类猜词题做题方法根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等词根词缀常见前缀：前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性常见后缀：后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性(3) 因果法—— 根据因果关系常见表示因果的词汇：because, for, as, since, for the reason that, considering that (4) 并列法—— 根据并列顺承关系常见的并列词：and, as well as, not only…but also…, together/along with, when/while (5) 转折法——根据转折关系常见表示转折的词汇：while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast, instead of, rather than1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”29. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference.B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.2.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful!B. Well done!C. No way!D. Don't worry!3.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself"marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2A. recordsB. predictsC. delaysD. confirms4.【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.43. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .A. letting go of the pastB. looking for a new jobC. getting rid of a bad habitD. giving up an opportunity5.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.6. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.7. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Pleasure from working in the library.B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.D. A closer bond developed with the readers.8. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.9. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? （）A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.13. What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to? （）A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.11.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vo te for …me…＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.12.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids run ning the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I’ll do it."25. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.13.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China —some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against14.【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. End one’s struggle for liberty.B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.1.【广东省广州市2021届高三一模】Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.5．The underlined phrase “this legacy” in paragraph 3 refers to_______.A．the discovery of microbes.B．Pasteur's theory of disease.C．Leeuwenhoek's contribution.D．the origin of the tiny organism.2.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】By the time I arrived, the sailing club had grown. At weekends, we would work on her all day, cleaning and painting her, and collapse into sleeping bags on the floor at night. Then came the big day when a school sailing trip was announced. Its destination was Saint-Malo. But it also meant that we had to refit the ship by removing every piece of ballast(压舱物)and replacing the bilge water(底舱污水)before we were allowed to sail.And I did learn the ropes on that school trip. I learned how to operate a ship in the high waves. I learned the meaning of teamwork and became a better team player. I also learned that the best fish is the one that you have caught and cooked yourself from a boat that you have rebuilt and sailed yourself.7．What does the underlined phrase “learn the ropes” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Learn to cook.B．Master useful skills.C．Ensure sailing safety.D．Use ropes properly.3.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】On achieving success:“When you make a choice and say, ‘Come hell or high water, I am going to be this,’ then you should not be surprised when you are that. It should not be something that is intoxicating or out of character because you have seen this moment for so long that ... when that moment comes, of course it is here because it has been here the whole time, because it has been [in your mind] the whole time.”On failure:“I don’t mean to sound cavalier when I say that, but never. It’s basketball. I’ve practiced and practiced and played so many times. There’s nothing truly to be afraid of, when you think about it ... Because I’ve failed before, and I woke up the next morning, and I’m OK. People say bad things about you in the paper on Monday, and then on Wednesday, you're the greatest thing since sliced bread. I’ve seen that cycle, so why would I be nervous about it happening?”5．The word “cavalier” in the 3rd paragraph probably means __________.A．not serious or caring B．anxious and eagerC．worried and pessimistic D．not proud or arrogant4.【河北省石家庄市2021届高三质检】“This must be a simply vast wardrobe!” thought Lucy, going still further in. Then she noticed that there was something crunching under her feet. “Is that more mothball?” she thought, stooping down to feel it with her hand. But instead of feeling the hard, smooth wood, she felt something soft and powdery and extremely cold. “This is very queer,” she said, and went on a step or two further.7．What does the underlined word “queer” mean?A．Terrifying.B．Empty.C．Strange.D．Impressive.5.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】In two-and-a-half years, the pair still have to replenish their incomes with some writing and editing, but the business is growing and within five years they hope to be helping fund half a dozen research projects. It is a big task. “Some days we think it would be great to turn it off,” MacCallum says, “but when we see the wonder on the face of a person who is experiencing somewhere like the Galapagos for the first time, we know we are living a wonderful life.”7．The underlined word “replenish" in Paragraph 4 means _________.A．consume B．supply C．reduce D．control6.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber, a 35-year-old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. “Why didn’t you keep the money?” he asked. The professor replied, “I couldn’t because it’s not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief’s offer of a reward.27．The underlined word “spurning” in the last sentence can be replaced by ________.A．accepting B．claimingC．rejecting D．cancelling7.【河北省张家口市2021届高三期末】In 1985. C'harlie Burrell inherited （继承）a piece of land in West Sussex, England, which is 3.500 acres. It had been in his family for more than 200 years. As it was a failing farm, he and his wife. Isabella Tree, were all set to run a traditional farm, but soon realized the costs far outweighed the profits. The land wasn't suitable for growing crops anymore.So. in 2001, the couple decided to try something else — an experiment in “rewilding”，or restoring environments to their natural state. They reintroduced native species, including Tamworth pigs, Exmoor ponies, longhorn cattle, and deer. Then they took out all the fences and let the animals wander freely.In the following years, the land went through an incredible change. The once neat fields were covered with bushes, creating habitats where new plant and animal species could grow.Now it's home to many different creatures, including two rare species of bats, nightingales, peregrine falcons, white storks, and even turtle doves, whose numbers have dropped by 98 percent in the U. K. over the last few decades!“We were living in a biological desert. Now, ecologists are blown away all the time by just the amount of life here," Isabella said. "It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.What's more, the land is now profitable! Charlie and Isabella offer multiple services there, including walking tours, safaris, photography classes, and rewilding workshops. They also sell meat to control their large animal populations, and even allow visitors to spend a night outside in the tents they set up.What a promising outcome! This is amazing news for conservationists and shows that our planet can be returned to its natural glory, if only we let it. Now, it's a beautiful reminder of how ecosystems can be restored by letting Mother Nature take the control.8.【河北省张家口市第一中学2021届高三期中】The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit."Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.""What's that?" they asked."It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,"You don't have grandchildren," someone said."I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.25．What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?A．The student's parent.B．The maker of the Grandma's Box.C．The author's grandchild.D．The owner of the forbidden fruit.9.【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】As it turned out, it not only shocked the US actress, but also brought criticism from those who believed Fanning was too young compared to other veterans in the industry. But Fanning’s acting experience was in fact a good argument for her jury membership. In fact, Fanning has been a Hollywood fixture for longer than you realize.4. What does the underlined word “veterans” probably mean?A. shocked actressesB. green hands C experienced people D. music producers10.【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中】It’s been less than a month since Arnold, a Texas high school student, was forbidden from going to the prom and graduation unless he cut his locs. As his story spread on social media, celebrities and activists came to Arnold’s defence and encouraged him to stand up to his school’s hair discrimination. Now, in a significant turn of events, he’s proudly wearing his own hair-style at the 2020 Oscars.Arnold and his mother were invited to attend as the guests of director Matthew A．Cherry, who won the award for Best Animated Short Film for Hair Love tonight. Fittingly, the short film tells the story of a Black father learning to style his daughter’s natural hair.Arnold told us he couldn’t wait to walk the red carpet with the Hair Love team. “I’m so grateful. I never expected any of this,” Arnold says. “The message of that movie and my message go together so well. I think it’s really amazing how they reached out to me and how we can fight this together.”5．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Violence.B．Discrimination.C．Panic.D．Starvation.11.【湖南省郴州市2021届高三第二次质量检测】While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories don’t reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. A task focused on the country’s natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.9．What can best replace the underlined word “reprieve” in Paragraph 2?A．Memory.B．Idea.C．Victory.D．Relief.12.【湖南省湖南师大附中2021届高三月考三】Clark, a rising fifth-grader who is Filipino-American, told HuffPost he's been dreaming about breaking Phelps' record ever since he started swimming competitively at age 7."I was so motivated,"Clark said about his win."I was so happy that I was able to beat that record.”Phelps competed in his first Olympics at age 15. He went on to become the most decorated Olympian in history, with 28 medals overall. “Everyone in the crowd was excited when they realized what a special swim they had just seen when we announced the long-standing record had been broken,"Cindy Rowland,Pacific Swimming's director, wrote in an email.5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“decorated”in Paragraph 4?A．Being popular.B．Being respected.C．Being talked about most.D．Being awarded medals.13.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】The artists of Creative Growth will be on view throughout the month of August, coupled with musical performances and film screenings organized by L.A．Takedown. All proceeds from the month will benefit the artists and space. The money will be used to improve the condition of the studio and for the development of the artists. “L.A．doesn’t really have a place like Creative Growth,” Olson said, discussing his hopes for the show.14．What does the underlined word “proceeds” in the last paragraph mean?A．Activities.B．WorkC．Profits D．Arrangement14.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】“I tested it at home and just couldn’t believe the result. I sprayed it in Sienna’ s room first and the floor was immediately silenced,” said Lanzarotti. “Eight months later, it was still silent. It felt like a huge relief. When Tracy saw the difference for the first time, her face just lit up. You can treat a couple of rooms in an hour.” he added. “It’ s a no-brainer for any parents with noisy floors, and it’ll be life-changing.”7．What do the underlined word “a no-brainer” in the last paragraph mean?A．A difficult decision.B．An unusual effort.C．A real headache.D．An easy job.15.【湖北省黄冈市2021届高三调研】I might be letting my young son watch too much television. I am certainly watching too many of his programs. They can really be perplexing as they force you to think carefully about the mysteries of life.For example, when Franklin (the turtle) wanted a pet, his parents didn’t want it to be a frog. They felt that frogs belong in a pond. Isn’t that where turtles belong?4．What does the underlined word “perplexing” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Boring.B．Humorous.C．Confusing.D．Curious.。

高考英语阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题技巧

（３）运用生活常识经验猜测词义（一）实战演练：根据构词法猜测词义。常用表否定的前后缀
１．ｉｎ一：ｉｎａｃｔｉｖｅ．ｉｎｅｘｐｅｎｓｉｖｅ
词义猜测主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。
３．ｉｍ－：ｉｍｐｏｌｉｔｅｉｍｍｏｒａｌ
五、氯酸钾制备１．中和法制氯酸钾：将氯气通入热的氢氧化钾溶液，反应的离子方程式为，利用冷却热饱和溶液过滤分离出氯酸钾，由此推测氯酸钾溶解度随温度的升高
—
—
—
—
—
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３．过滤上述沉淀可得到粗制氯酸钾（含氯化钠杂质）。精制时先将样品溶于热水，趁热过滤掉不溶物，再进行冷却结晶过滤，经水洗、干燥，制得氯酸钾（ＫＣＩＯ，）成品，整个操作过程称为
四、案例复习开展的一般要求
而。
２．电解法制氯酸钾：首先电解热的饱和食盐水（含氢氧化钠）得到氯酸钠，写出电解池的阳极反应；）向（常温电解饱和食盐水的离子反应方程式得到的含氯酸钠的浓溶液中加人大量氯化钾得到氯酸钾沉淀，运用化学原理解释加入大量氯化钾的原因：
三、词义猜测题常见的设问方式

高中英语词义猜测题解题技巧

高中英语词义猜测题解题技巧考点：1、猜测某个词、词组、句子的意义；2、对文中的多义词或词组进行定义；3、判断某个代词的指代的对象。

常见命题形式有：The underlined word/phrase in the second paragraph means _____.The word “it/they”in the last sentence refers to______.The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）probably means ______.The word “…”（Line 6. para.2）could best be replaced by which of the following?Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “…”?解题技巧1、通过因果关系猜词通过因果关系猜词首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。

有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore 等等)表示前因后果。

例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that，for it wasn't his fault. 通过for 引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义是"责备"。

2、通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词通过同义词猜词，一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如happy and gay，即使我们不认识gay这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships. 此句中的Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于"行星"这一义域。

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。

这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。

这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。

事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。

我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。

近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

这种题常见的提问方式有：the underlined word “__”in the passage means __.what does “___”in the third paragraph stand for？the word/phrase “____” most nearly means ____.the word/phrase “__” could best be replaced by __.the word/phrase “__” in line…， para …refers to__ which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”？what’s the meaning of “____” in line …， para …？the author uses the word “____” to indicate____？做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。

因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。

命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。

猜测词义时，要掌握以下三个做题要领和六种解题技巧：做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词；2）根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。

中考英语阅读理解猜词题解题技巧

中考英语阅读理解猜词题解题技巧一、了解猜词题的基本要求猜词题是中考英语阅读理解题中常见的一种题型，通常要求考生根据上下文和语墅提示来猜测词语的意思。

考生在解答猜词题时，需要具备一定的词汇量和语境分析能力，同时还需要掌握一些解题技巧，才能更好地完成这类题目。

二、掌握常见的猜词技巧1. 根据上下文猜测词义猜词题通常会提供一段上下文，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系和语墅提示来猜测词语的意思。

在猜测词义时，可以通过理解段落主题、分析句子结构、推断逻辑关系等方法来获取线索，进而推测词语的含义。

在以下句子中：“He is a very diligent student and always finishes his homework on time.”我们可以通过上下文来猜测diligent的意思，因为上文提到他是一个“非常勤奋的学生”，所以diligent的意思可能是勤奋的、努力的。

2. 利用语境提示进行词义推断除了根据上下文猜测词义外，还可以利用语境提示进行词义推断。

比如一些词语的前后文会提供一些提示性的词语，这些提示性词语往往可以帮助我们推测目标词语的意思。

在以下句子中：“W hen the teacher asked a difficult question, the students looked puzzled.”我们可以通过后面的“looked puzzled”来推测difficult的意思，因为学生们显然是对这个问题感到困惑。

3. 掌握常见词义辨析技巧在解答猜词题时，有些词语的词义可能会让考生感到困惑，这时就需要掌握一些词义辨析技巧。

比如通过对比近义词或反义词的意思，来推测目标词语的含义。

在以下句子中：“The music was so loud that it was almost deafening.”我们可以通过对比loud和deafening的意思，来推测deafening的含义，因为loud表示“大声的”，而deafening应该表示“震耳欲聋的”。

解答词义猜测题的几种方法

句子。词义猜测题主要考查学生在语境中准确理解
生词或熟词生义的能力。基于此，笔者下面将分别从
根据语境、逻辑关系、解释性信息、指代等方面，分析
词义猜测题的解题技巧，以提高学生的解题技能。
一、根据上下文语境，推测词义
又如，2022 年卷Ⅱ阅读 B 第 4 题：What do the un⁃
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解题技巧
解答词义猜测题的几种方法
李园园
词义猜测题在每年高考中都会出现 1-2 道，被猜
测词出现的位置也成为学生解题方向的一个依据。
以是一个单词，也可以是一个词组，甚至可以是一个
derlined words“hit home for me”mean in paragraph 2?
测的部分通常以下划线的形式被标记，被猜测的词可
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课堂内外
立足“复项主位
复项主位”
”概念
概念，
，开展英语新闻阅读教学
谈
复项主位是指句子中的主位是由多种功能的结
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报道的对象、主题。
构成分构成，主要包括表示经验、语篇、人际等意义的
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成本以及更好地保护铁路人员安全。其后以数据的
方式，描述了每年花费约 200 亿欧元在铁路上，包括
to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure，推知用在
maintenance 上的费用是用于检查与维修铁路基础设
施，故而画线部分表示节省维修成本。根据四个选项
我们睡觉时，就要关在一个大房间里，之后出现 other⁃

高考英语阅读理解解题指导：破解猜测词义题

高考英语阅读理解解题指导：破解猜测词义题猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一，近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。

词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。

除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，而需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。

1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。

常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。

通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。

【考例1】（2022年全国乙卷，C篇）29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析：原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。

词义猜测题解题技巧

词义猜测题解题技巧词义猜测题是中考英语阅读理解题中必考题之一，主要考查同学们语篇分析、逻辑推理等综合能力。

解题时，同学们要注意把握技巧，根据上下文逻辑关系、标点符号、构词规则等，准确猜测生词词义。

一、词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式：1.The word"..."refers to/probably means_____.2.The underlined word "..." could best be replaced by_.3.What does the expression"..."stand for?4.By saying"..."we mean____.5."..."as used in the passage can best be defined as___——·6.Which of the following words can take the place of the word"..."?二、词义猜测题是指利用语境（上下文）推测、判断某些生词词义的题。

在近几年的高考阅读试题中词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。

词义猜测是一项阅读技巧，主要考查考生根据上下文推断单词意思的能力。

因此，所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围——超纲词义含义推断、熟词生义或熟词在特定语境中的意思。

词义猜测题常考查对句中关键性词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。

三、【解题流程】“一原则”、“二关注”速解词义猜测题一原则结合上下文词义猜测题所提问的单词、词组或句子一般都是考生不认识的，即使认识，正确答案也未必是熟悉的含义。

这种题目目的就是希望考生能结合上下文，来理解不认识的单词、词组或句子。

二关注关注并列转折部分这是做词义猜测题的一大利器。

因为由并列转折连接的两部分会存在语义含义和成分的对应。

词义猜测的一个好方法

词义猜测的一个好方法作者：刘军
来源：《新高考·英语基础（高一）》2016年第07期
一、考纲要求
《考试说明》指出：正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。

但英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。

能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。

此外，阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来。

这种不使用詞典而是通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此也是阅读理解中经常出现的试题。

三、词义猜测题型及解题技巧举例
1.词汇意义猜测题
（1）利用构词法猜测词义
词根是单词最重要的部分，表达单词的基本含义。

在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意思，所以掌握好各种词根、前缀、后缀等的基本含义，猜测新词义会事半功倍。

利用构词法猜测词义，再代入句子进行验证，看是否符合语境，从而确定答案。

高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧

高考英语词义猜测题解题技巧一、代词指代题1.解题步骤2.解题指导向上搜索时，先从上文最近点开始找，找不到再找次近的，一般答案不会离得太远，答案一定是代指上文最近的某个名词或短语。

[示例1]Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co-author of the This Book Will series (系列) of lifestyle books.Here she picks her top reads.MatildaRoald DahlI once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl’s writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds.Matilda’s battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny an d frightening, but they’re also aspirational.21.Who does “I” refer to in the text?A.Stephen King.B.Gillian Flynn.C.Jo Usmar.D.Roald Dahl.分析：Step 1返回原文→找出出题的指代词I。

Step 2向上搜索→找最近的句子(Here she picks her top reads.)，其中she指代Jo Usmar。

Step 3 带入原文→将找到的句子的意思代入替换代词I。

Step 4确定答案→选C。

二、词汇猜测题词汇猜测题不是考查考生的词汇量，而是要求考生根据上下文中的已知信息对单词或词组的具体语义进行合理推测。

中考英语词义猜测题解题技巧

中考英语词义猜测题解题技巧词义猜测题是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。

其常见的提问方式有：Theord“…”eans___inchinese.hichofthefolloingistheclosestineaningto____?Theord“…”couldbestbereplacedby______.InPara2,theunderlinedord/sentence“…”eans/refersto_____.解答这类题目的常见技巧：通过语境猜测词义。

通过主题和上下文的逻辑关系，来推测出生词或句子的含义。

要求词不离句，句不离篇。

从对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述中，推断出词义来。

根据定义猜测词义。

定义的形式通常有：用一个句子或段落给生词定义，使用破折号、冒号后面的内容或引号、括号中的内容对生词加以解释或定义。

通过经验及生活常识猜测词义。

在阅读的基础上利用自己对日常生活的理解和判断来完成对单词的猜测。

例如：ThefaousfatandlazycatGarfieldisingtochina.Inthe “GarfieldTheovie”,Garfieldactsithrealactors.Heillaeyoulaughithcleverandfunnyords.Soetieshe’snotfriendlytohisoerjohnArbucle.oneday,johnbringsod ie,adog,intohishoe.odieiscute.Hegetsalljohn’slove.ThisturnsGarfield’sorldupsidedon.Garfieldantsthedogoutofthehouseandhi slife.onenight,heicsodieoutofthehouse.ButlaterGarfi eldfindsaTVstarcaughtodie!Theanantstousethedoginhis shos.Garfieldfeelssorryforodie.Hethinshe’srong.Heantstoaeupforit.SoGarfieldgetsoffhisfavorit echairtotrytosavehisfriend.hatdoes“aeup”eaninthispassage?A.看笑话B.弥补c.哭泣D.询问答案是B。

高考英语专题阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法学生版

高考英语专题阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法学生版阅读理解之词义猜测题解题技法一．设问方式By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________.In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by“______”．The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________.The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.二．词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。

1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。

标点符号，如逗号后的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。

这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。

例如：①Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义，即“退火”。

②It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.从that is(也就是说)后的解释中我们可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。

初三英语阅读理解技巧词义猜测题的解题技巧

初三英语阅读理解技巧词义猜测题的解题技巧初三英语阅读理解技巧：词义猜测题的解题技巧在初三英语的学习中，阅读理解是一个重要的部分，而词义猜测题则是阅读理解中的常见题型。

对于很多同学来说，这类题目可能具有一定的挑战性，但只要掌握了正确的解题技巧，就能轻松应对。

接下来，我将为大家详细介绍初三英语阅读理解中词义猜测题的解题技巧。

一、通过上下文语境猜测词义上下文语境是猜测词义最常用也是最有效的方法之一。

在阅读过程中，我们可以通过前后的句子、段落来推断生词的含义。

例如，如果生词前后出现了解释说明的语句，那么这些语句往往能帮助我们理解词义。

比如：“The term ‘ecosystem’ refers to a communityof living organisms and their environment ”在这个句子中，“refers to”后面的内容就是对“ecosystem”这个词的解释，即“生态系统是指生物群落及其环境”，从而我们可以理解“ecosystem”的意思。

再比如，有时候上下文会通过对比、类比的方式来暗示生词的词义。

如果文中提到“A is different from B B is known as a kind of vehicle, whileA is a tool used for writing ”那么我们就可以推测出 A 可能是某种书写工具。

此外，上下文的逻辑关系也能为词义猜测提供线索。

比如因果关系、转折关系等。

如果文中说“Although he was very tired, he still insisted on working ”通过“although”所表示的转折关系，我们可以猜测“insisted on”可能有“坚持”的意思。

二、利用构词法猜测词义英语中有很多单词是通过构词法构成的，了解常见的构词法可以帮助我们猜测词义。

前缀和后缀是常见的构词元素。

比如“un”“dis”“in”等前缀通常表示否定；“ful”“less”“able”“ous”等后缀可以改变单词的词性和意思。

词义猜测题解题技巧

高一英语培优材料词义猜测题的解题技巧这类题包括词义猜测和句意猜测两类；词义又包括单词和短语意义。

近几年的高考阅读理解题中一般有2至3个小题是直接考查词句意义猜测的。

对词义考查主要有对生词词义的推测和对熟词生义的推测或是在特定场合下对词或句子的理解。

这里着重谈一谈如何猜测词的意思。

1、根据转折关系根据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接词，如but, however, otherwise, though等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一词的含义。

另外，分号也可以表示转折，对比或不相干的意义。

如：例1：Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius to sell it. （广东卷）What does genius mean? _____________________例2：A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. (全国卷)·What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?A. A party designed by specialistsB. A plan requiring careful thoughtC. A situation causing difficulty or troubleD. A demand made by guests2、根据对比关系表示对比关系的标志词有：unlike, not, while, on the other hand, in spite of, in contrast等。

2022年中考复习阅读解题技巧分析：词义猜测类

阅读理解题型专讲专练之三：【词义猜测题】常见的解题方法：（一）上下文线索猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。

利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。

如：If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken（1）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate ( )in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.（2）All the houses in the city collapsed ( ) during the earthquake.（3）For people who live within a stone’s throw ( ) from the office to be late to work is unforgivable（4）The conflagration( ) was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, refer to, to mean ,in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。

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语境法 Context clues
构词法 Word formation
英语单词大多是由词根、词前缀+词根头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所派生 Derivation 词根+后缀组成。词根是单词最基本的部前缀+词根+后缀分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，合成 Compounding 可以用来引申或转变原词的意义，即派生。只要我们掌握了转化 Conversion 各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了; 另外还有合成与转化。
Can you guess the right meanings?
intedisconnect
断开，切断
mispronouce
发错音
anti-ageing
抗衰老的
nonsmoker
不抽烟的人
sleep-walk
梦游
sadden
使悲伤
solidify
使固化，使凝固
常见的前缀和后缀有： inter- (在…之间,相互) dis- ( 不,无,相反) mini- (迷你的, 微小的) anti-(反对) micro-（微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能…的） -less（不，无） -wards (向) en-/ -en 置于之中, 赋予；使 -(i)fy (使得，变成）
(n. 牧羊人)
表定义常见词汇及短语及手段：be called, be known, be defined as, constitute, refer to 等词汇或冒号，括号，破折号等。表解释常见词汇及短语及手段：or, that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way等引出一些解释性的短语或句子。
adj.全神贯注的，聚精会神的，专心致志的
因果关系常见词汇及短语：since, as, for, because, due to, owing to, for the reason that, result from, result in, so, therefore, thus, consequently等。
televisions.
常见的举例的提示词有: for instance, for example, such as, like 等。
6. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。猜代词的含义多用词法
Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. … If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. By describing lions as “opportunist” , the author means to say that lions____. A. are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat
Practice makes perfect!
3. What is the meaning of “ … ” as the words are used in the text ? 4. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?
考查方向：
１、熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；
1. Definition 定义法 2. Contrast 对比法
语境法 Context clues
3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法
6. Context 上下文
1. Definition 定义法：一般通过定义、定语(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and
(n. 电器用具)
2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有: but, yet, while, however, otherwise, on the other hand, , in contrast, on the contrary, in spite of , instead等。 ①Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
(v. 不同意)
②She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 (adj. 巨大的;极大的)
２、复合词的含义理解，对于衍生词汇的理解
能力；
３、根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力；５、对谚语、俗语、俚语和句子含义的理解能
４、根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力；力。
How to guess the meaning of the new words?
词义猜测构词法 Word formation 常识法 Common Sense
e.g. ①:It will be very hard but very brittle —
that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
②The herdsman , who looks after sheep,
earns about 6,500 yuan a year.
polluted.
4. Cause and Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。
①One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. (adj. 贫穷的,穷困的) ②She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
即根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。
常识法 Common Sense
n. 麻醉剂(药)
在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.
词义猜测型
常见词义猜测题型
1. The underlined word “ … ” refers to / means / stands for ？ . 2. Which of the following words can take the place of / be replaced by the word “…”?
Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic
task .The job is so large, in fact, that the
government may not be able to save some
of the rivers and lakes which have been

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