词义猜测题解题技巧

语境法 Context clues
构词法 Word formation
英语单词大多是由词根、词 前缀+词根 头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所 派生 Derivation 词根+后缀 组成。词根是单词最基本的部 前缀+词根+后缀 分，表达单词的基本含义。在 词根前或后加上前缀或后缀， 合成 Compounding 可以用来引申或转变原词的意 义，即派生。只要我们掌握了 转化 Conversion 各种词根、词头和词尾的基本 含义，那么就可以很容易猜测 出由其构成的新词的含义了; 另 外还有合成与转化。
polluted.
4. Cause and Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
①One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. (adj. 贫穷的,穷困的) ②She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
即根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。
常识法 Common Sense
n. 麻醉剂(药)
在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有 时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经 验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推 测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的 天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、 政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助 加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时， 猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。
1. Definition 定义法 2. Contrast 对比法
语境法 Context clues
3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法
6. Context 上下文
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、 定语(从句)或同位语(从句)来确定词义。
(v. 不同意)
②She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近 义词或词组猜测词义。 (adj. 巨大的;极大的)
词义猜测型
常见词义猜测题型
1. The underlined word “ … ” refers to / means / stands for ？ . 2. Which of the following words can take the place of / be replaced by the word “…”?
２、复合词的含义理解，对于衍生词汇的理解
能力；
３、根据上下文对代词的指代含义的理解能力； ５、对谚语、俗语、俚语和句子含义的理解能
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
４、根据上下文对不认识单词的词义判断能力； 力。
How to guess the meaning of the new words?
词义猜测 构词法 Word formation 常识法 Common Sense
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.
Practice makes perfect!
adj.全神贯注的，聚精会神的，专心致志的
因果关系常见词汇及短语：since, as, for, because, due to, owing to, for the reason that, result from, result in, so, therefore, thus, consequently等。
Can you guess the right meanings?
interpersonal
人与人之间的，人际的
disconnect
断开，切断
mispronouce
发错音
anti-ageing
抗衰老的
nonsmoker
不抽烟的人
sleep-walk
梦游
sadden
使悲伤
solidify
使固化，使凝固
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜 测词义。
Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and
(n. 电器用具)
3. What is the meaning of “ … ” as the words are used in the text ? 4. Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word “ … ”?
考查方向：
１、熟词新意，即熟悉词汇的陌生含义；
televisions.
常见的举例的提示词有: for instance, for example, such as, like 等。
6. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的 提示来猜测词义。猜代词的含义多用词法
Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. … If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. By describing lions as “opportunist” , the author means to say that lions____. A. are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat
(n. 牧羊人)
表定义常见词汇及短语及手段：be called, be known, be defined as, constitute, refer to 等词汇或冒号，括号，破折号等。 表解释常见词汇及短语及手段：or, that is (to say), in other words, to put it another way等引出一些解释性的短语或句子。
e.g. ①:It will be very hard but very brittle —
that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
②The herdsman , who looks after sheep,
earns about 6,500 yuan a year.
2. Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义 词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有: but, yet, while, however, otherwise, on the other hand, , in contrast, on the contrary, in spite of , instead等。 ①Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic
task .The job is so large, in fact, that the
government may not be able to save some
of the rivers and lakes which have been
常见的前缀和后缀有： inter- (在…之间,相互) dis- ( 不,无,相反) mini- (迷你的, 微小的) anti-(反对) micro-（微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向) en-/ -en 置于之中, 赋予；使 -(i)fy (使得，变成）