阅读理解之词义猜测题解析
新高考2021届高考英语小题必练15阅读理解之词义猜测题
1.正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。
2.英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同，能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
3.阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但许多这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常检测的一种能力。
1. 根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测【典例1】（2020·某某卷C篇节选）In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.What does the underlined word “that”in paragraph 2 refer to?A Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.【答案】D【解析】词句猜测题。
考研英语阅读理解词义句义猜测题解析
考研英语阅读理解词义句义猜测题解析
一、考查形式
主要考查考生通过上下文判断词义、句义的能力。
其中词义题又可以分为两类，即对超纲词语含义的推断和对熟悉词语的生僻含义的推断或是词语在特定场合的含义。
二、命题模式
1.The phrase （word, sentence）... (in line...) most probably means--
2.By ..., the writer (probably) means--
3.From the passage, we can infer that the word...is--
三、解题技巧
1.根据上下文猜词必须明确两点：不管这个词有多么超纲，根据上下文都能得出其意义；不管这个词多么熟悉，都要通过上下文得出它在特定场合下的意思，要避免直接用自己熟悉的意义去解释词义。
2.猜测生僻词的词义：我们可以用以下几种方法去猜测其含义。
①反用构词法，即根据词根、前缀后缀的意义推测词的含义。
如2006年passage1中homogenizing （homo-相同；-gene- 生长，产生；-ize动词后缀，使成为，变成）。
②词性加搭配：先判断生词在文章中的词性，再看它与哪些词语可以搭配，最后根据自己的常识猜测词语含义。
③找同义词、同义解释；找反义词、反义解释：在上下文中找出生词的其他表达法，可能是一个近（反）义词、一个解释或一些暗示。
④找同位词：上下文中可能有与生词出现的句子类似的平行结构，找出和生词处于同一位置的词去推测。
高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题答案解析版
高一英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题答案解析版1.The author uses the word "jubilant" in the passage. What does it mean?A.angryB.happyC.sadD.tired答案：B。
解析：在文章中可以通过作者描述的场景和氛围来猜测词义。
文中提到人们在庆祝活动中，脸上洋溢着笑容，由此可推断“jubilant”是高兴的意思。
选项A“angry”生气不符合庆祝活动的氛围；选项C“sad”悲伤也与场景不符；选项D“tired”疲惫同样不恰当。
2.In the story, the word "scurry" is mentioned. What's the meaning?A.walk slowlyB.run quicklyC.jump highD.stand still答案：B。
解析：根据上下文，文中描述小动物们在听到声音后迅速行动，可推测“scurry”是快速跑的意思。
选项A“walk slowly”走得慢与迅速行动不符；选项C“jump high”跳得高不相关；选项D“stand still”站着不动也不对。
3.The word "mellow" appears in the text. What does it mean?A.sharpB.softC.loudD.quiet答案：B。
解析：从文章中对音乐或氛围的描述可以推断“mellow”的意思。
文中提到音乐让人放松，氛围很温和，所以“mellow”是柔和的意思。
选项A“sharp”尖锐不符合；选项C“loud”大声不对；选项D“quiet”安静不准确。
4.The author writes about a "vivacious" person. What does "vivacious" mean?A.boringB.livelyC.shyD.calm答案：B。
初中词义猜测题
初中词义猜测题是中考英语阅读理解中的一种题型，主要
考察学生根据上下文推测生词含义的能力。
下面是一个例子：
题目：在文中“For example, he studies the map and identifies that their location is near the
intersection of two major highways. Then he
calculates that they are 200 miles from the nearest gas station.”这句话中，“intersection”一词最可能的
含义是（）
A. 交叉路口
B. 分叉点
C. 结合点
D. 冲突点
解析：根据上下文可以推测出“intersection”指的是两
条公路相交的地方，因此最可能的含义是“交叉路口”。
选
项B“分叉点”通常是指一个树枝分出其他树枝的地方，与
上下文不符；选项C“结合点”通常是指两个或多个事物结
合在一起的地方，与上下文也不符；选项D“冲突点”通常
是指发生冲突或矛盾的地方，与上下文无关。
因此，正确答
案是A。
解题技巧：
1. 仔细阅读上下文，了解文章的大意和背景。
2. 根据上下文中的线索和提示，推测生词的含义。
3. 注意生词的词性和用法，以及其在句子中的作用和意义。
4. 排除与上下文不符或与常识不符的选项。
5. 最终确定答案时要确保选项符合上下文的逻辑和意义。
阅读理解中词句猜测-词义猜测题 考查解读
二轮复习阅读理解中词句猜测-词义猜测题考查解读【题型解读】词义猜测题是阅读理解每年常考的题型。
词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。
由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。
词义猜测题的命题方式有：(1)What does the underlined word “...” probably mean?(2)The word “...” refers to/probably means .(3)The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by .(4)What do you think the expression “...” stands for?(5)By saying “...” we mean .(6)“...” used in the passage can best be defined as .(7)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”？二、解题技巧——巧用线索猜词义1．根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。
有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。
有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。
例如：Taylor’s swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse，who brought a defibrillator，an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：Paris’s heartbeat returned.分析：所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work (一个可以电击心脏使其重新工作的电子器械)来进行解释说明，我们可推知其词义应为“(心脏)除颤器”。
阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式：
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
解答词义猜测题的几种方法
生词或熟词生义的能力。基于此，笔者下面将分别从
根据语境、逻辑关系、解释性信息、指代等方面，分析
词义猜测题的解题技巧，以提高学生的解题技能。
一、根据上下文语境，推测词义
又如，2022 年卷Ⅱ阅读 B 第 4 题：What do the un⁃
A. Provided shelter for me.
解题技巧
解答词义猜测题的几种方法
李园园
词义猜测题在每年高考中都会出现 1-2 道，被猜
测词出现的位置也成为学生解题方向的一个依据。
以是一个单词，也可以是一个词组，甚至可以是一个
derlined words“hit home for me”mean in paragraph 2?
测的部分通常以下划线的形式被标记，被猜测的词可
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课堂内外
立足“复项主位
复项主位”
”概念
概念，
，开展英语新闻阅读教学
谈
复项主位是指句子中的主位是由多种功能的结
昕
报道的对象、主题。
构成分构成，主要包括表示经验、语篇、人际等意义的
教学片段一：
成分。在复项主位中，当概念主位、语篇主位、人际主
成本以及更好地保护铁路人员安全。其后以数据的
方式，描述了每年花费约 200 亿欧元在铁路上，包括
to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure，推 知 用 在
maintenance 上的费用是用于检查与维修铁路基础设
施，故而画线部分表示节省维修成本。根据四个选项
我们睡觉时，就要关在一个大房间里，之后出现 other⁃
例析阅读理解题中词义猜测题的解答技巧
正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。
但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。
我们能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
在高考阅读理解题中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：①推测划线单词或短语的含义；②推测划线代词的指代含义；③推测划线句子的含义。
近三年全国高考细节理解题题量统计卷名年份新高考I卷全国卷I（乙卷）全国卷II（甲卷）全国卷III 202021112021111120221122技巧一：对于推测划线单词或短语的含义的题目，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题。
【典题例析1】(苏州市2022学年第二学期学业质量阳光指标调研卷)For Amazon and Netflix，adding games to their platforms could attract more subscribers. Or at the very least dissuade existing ones from leav-ing.After a jump caused by pandemic in users，Netflix dropped430,000subscribers in the second quarter but regained some of these in the third flix has said in the past that in the“attention economy”，it com-petes against video games just as much as video stream-ing services.What does the underlined word“dissuade”in Para-graph3mean?A.Forbid.B.Discourage.C.Release.D.Protect.【解析】答案B。
第9讲.阅读理解之猜测词义题
第九讲阅读理解之猜测词义题【考点说明】阅读理解之猜测词义题在阅读考试中考察得比重不大，但难度很大。
在有传统阅读题型的联盟考试（复旦千分考、北约、卓越同盟）中，四选一的阅读理解有时会考这种题型，其中复旦千分考考查较多，几乎每年都有该题型。
此类题目考查的是考生对阅读文章中出现的关键词或短语的理解能力，对考生的上下文分析能力要求比较高。
【题型特点分析】对于文中单词的考查又无外乎两种情况：一种是多义常用词在特定语境中的具体含义；一种是可以根据上下文推测出含义的生僻词汇。
常见题干表现形式如：①The word“…”mostly probably means…②By saying“…”,the author means…③The word“…”mostly probably refers…④Which of the following is the closet in meaning to the word“…”⑤The statement“…”probably means…【解题技巧】猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：一．通过构词法根据前缀，后缀，转化猜测词义如：But judging from recent studies Of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears，both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive．【解析】“counter”表示“相反的、逆向的”，而“productive”表示“产生的”，再综合上下文，我们可以断定其含义是“对健康有害意思。
所以答案为D。
注：关于这一块内容，建议复习第二讲中的构词法二．篇章逻辑关系法所谓逻辑关系法，即通过理解引号内的部分在原文中所在的句子，以及其之前和之后的句子，并通过这些句子之间的逻辑关系判断引号内部分的含义。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
阅读理解专项打破III词义猜测【命题特点】考察依据上下文推想生词和短语实力,突出考察对语境分析和把握实力。
【常见考法】1. The underlined word “…〞probably means____.2. The word “…〞used in paragraph “…〞refers to/suggests____.3. The phrase “…〞in the sentence can be replaced by ____.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…〞5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…〞6. By saying “…〞, we mean_____.7. What do you think of the expression “…〞stands for8. The meaning of word “…〞in the passage is related to_____.一．通过定义或说明推想语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。
这些修饰成分可以扶植我们推断诞生词语义〔1〕定义句谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define〔下定义〕, represent, signify〔表示，说明〕, constitute〔指。
〕等。
〔2〕说明那么常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is〔to say〕, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面信息加以重复或说明。
专题3.阅读理解之词义猜测题—上下文中求答案 答案全解全析
阅读理解之词义猜测题—上下文中求答案答案全解全析随堂练习一1.【答案】A细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“After nearly four weeks, with supplies running low, the team had run out of time and would have to return to the surface.”可知，因为物资逐渐短缺，探洞穴者被迫返回地面。
2.【答案】A词义猜测题。
根据画线词前的“two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage they called the Way to the Dream”可知，两名队员找到了通过水坑的通道，所以他们应该很高兴，故选A项。
3.【答案】D细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“progress was blocked at 1,775 meters by a sump”以及第三段中的“two teammates found a way around the sump through a tight passage”可知，Samokhin在1 775米处找到了绕过水坑的通道。
4.【答案】C主旨大意题。
本文讲述了探洞穴者对世界上最深的洞穴——库鲁伯亚拉洞穴进行探索的过程，故选C项。
二1.【答案】C细节理解题。
由第一段中的“fears that automation will lead to robots replacing human workers”可知，人们担忧的是失业问题。
2.【答案】D词义猜测题。
第二段中作者通过说明工业革命前人们并不知道会产生现在的一些新职业来表明面临数字化革命，我们同样无法预知将来会有哪些新型的职业产生，因此未来会是什么样子还不是完全明了和确定的(Clear and definite)。
3.【答案】B细节理解题。
由第三段中的前两句话可知，最有可能被淘汰的是那些按常规做事的办公室行政职员。
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解——词义猜测题 ----测 (解析版)
专题15 阅读理解：词意猜测题备考高考英语二轮复习名校最新模拟试题词义猜测（共20小题）1. (云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考)Although it can be found in natural vanilla bean extract, vanillin also can be made synthetically using chemicals coming from petrol. To create it from plastic, instead, researchers genetically modified a strain of E. coli bacteria so that it can make vanillin from a raw material used in the production of plastic bottles.33. Which of the following words has the closest meaning to the underlined word “synthetically” in paragraph 3?A. NaturallyB. ArtificiallyC. BiologicallyD. Industrially【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。
由第三段“Although it can be found in natural vanilla bean extract, vanillin also can be made synthetically using chemicals coming from petrol. To create it from plastic, instead, researchers genetically modified a strain of E. coli bacteria so that it can make vanillin from a raw material used in the production of plastic bottles. (虽然香草香精可以在天然香子兰豆提取物中找到，但也可以使用来自汽油的化学物质synthetically香草香精。
超实用备战高考英语考试易错题——阅读理解：词义猜测题(4大陷阱) (解析版)
易错点16 阅读理解词义猜测题目录01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【易错点提醒二】代词指代猜测易混易错点【易错点提醒三】句意猜测易混易错点03 易错题通关养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
易错陷阱1：词义/词组指代易混易错点。
【分析】这类题错误主要因为基础词汇量积累和词根词缀积累不足，根据构词法猜词是阅读理解必不可少的能力。
平时应当大量积累单词，同时利用前后的同位关系或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。
易错陷阱2：代词指代猜测易混易错点。
【分析】阅读材料中的每个词与它前面的词语或句子甚至段落都有着密切的关联。
有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，应当对前面提到的内容进行总结，认真查找，才能得出代词所指代的事。
易错陷阱3：句意猜测易混易错点。
【分析】此类题型应当定位画线句子，充分利用语法和逻辑关系分析原句。
同时分析理解画线句前后的语境，合理归纳总结找出与原句意思相同的选项并代入画线处验证。
切不可因为句中出现熟词，而脱离语境，望文生义。
【易错点提醒一】词义/词组指代易混易错点【例1】（湖南省常德市临澧一中2023-2024学年高三阶段试题）She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel. This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS orbit.What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?A．A basic part.B．A detailed map.C．A building material.D．A major obstacle.【答案】A【解析】词句猜测题。
高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题
解密阅读理解之词义猜测题考点详解词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。
用＂逻辑关系梳理法＂、＂递向寻踪法＂理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】1. The underlined word ＂…＂in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that ＂…＂in the first(second…) paragraph, the autho r means that ______.3. In paragraph …, ＂…＂can be replaced by ＂______＂.4. The meaning of ＂…＂in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probab ly means that _____.对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一、相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。
高考阅读理解猜测词义题解析
高考阅读理解猜测词义题解析词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文（包括语篇）、构词法及文化生活常识来推测词义的能力，包括考查生词含义、熟词新义、短语以及句子的含义。
词义猜测能力是新高中《英语课程标准》要求考生必备的阅读技能，属于七级和九级阅读技能目标。
此外，在高考的障碍阅读，即允许出现3%左右生词的阅读中，词义猜测题也是必考题型，因此，让学生系统地熟悉并掌握猜词技巧，为以后的阅读技能训练扫除词汇障碍。
阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。
我们可以利用语境即各种已知信息来推测、判断某些生词的词义。
这种不使用词典而通过阅读上下文来推断生词含义的能力，是一个合格的读者所必须具备的能力，因此，也是阅读测试中经常检测的一种能力。
有些考查单词的熟词新义，因为英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
猜测词义时，我们一般可利用以下四个方面的线索。
1 利用针对性的解释针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。
这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。
1.1 根据定义猜测词义给生词下定义，或在破折号、冒号、分号后对该单词或短语加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
用句子下定义，常包括定语从句和同位语从句，定义常用的谓语动词多为be，mean，deal with，be called，be considered，be defined as（被定义为），represent，refer to等。
同位语从句出现的标示词有or，similarly，that is，that is to say，in other words，namely，or rather（精确地说），say（譬如说）等。
阅读理解：词义猜测题 专练(含答案+解析)
阅读理解：词义猜测题专练---肇庆学院外国语学院周加林老师编写❖根据上下文推测划线单词或短语的词义。
1. Plankton means a mass of tiny animals and plants that live in the surface layer of the sea.► The word “plankton” means____________.A. 海草B. 浮游生物C. 贝类D. 海水鱼2. A starfish is known as a flat, star-shaped creature, usually with five arms, that lives in the sea.► The word “starfish” means____________.A. 海星B. 海参C. 珊瑚D. 水母3. Anthropology is the scientific study of people, society, and culture.► What does the underlined word “anthropology” mean in Chinese? /ˌænθrəˈpɒlədʒi/A. 易经B. 人类学C. 哲学D. 社会学4. Will online education supersede, or replace, traditional education?► What does the underlined word “supersede” mean in Chinese?A. 超越B. 取代C. 不及D. 追赶5. An e-pal is someone you write e-mails to.► What does the underlined word “e-pal” mean in Chinese?A. 电子邮件B. 电子宠物狗C. 网瘾少年D. 电子朋友；网友6. In stories and legends, a unicorn is an imaginary animal that looks like a white horse with a long straight horn on its forehead.►What does the underlined word “unicorn” mean in Chinese?A. 龙B. 九尾狐C. 独角兽D. 仙鹤7. You must retire early as you have to catch the early train tomorrow.► What does the underlined word “retire” mean in Chinese?A. 睡觉B. 警惕C. 想起D. 观察8. He was hurt in a hit-and-run accident —the guilty driver got away without stopping to help.► The compound word “hit-and-run”means____________.A. 醉驾B. 车超重C. 失控D. 肇事逃逸的9. There was a terrible heavy snow last night. In the early morning, snow and ice made the road impassable.► The word “impassable” means____________.A. 可通行的B. 不能通行的C. 不可能的D. 不平衡的10. Red flags stand out brightly against the blue sky.► What does the underlined phrase “stand out” mean in Chinese?A. 站出来B. 飞C. 显眼D. 跳跃11. Net-addicted children showed apathy—a lack of interest ━toward learning.►The underlined word “apathy” probably means ____________ in this sentence.A. 着迷B. 极感兴趣C. 缺乏兴趣D. 兴奋12. At last, on the Friday morning, I was turned out, that is to say, I was driven away.► The phrase “turn out” means____________ in this sentence.A. 驱逐B. 制裁C. 出卖D. 关掉13. High-tech has grown fast during the past decade, or ten years.►The underlined word “decade” means ____________ in Chinese.A. 岁月B. 时代C. 阶段D. 十年14. These peaches are inferior to those I bought last week. In other words, the peaches which I bought last weekwere much better.►The underlined word “inferior to” in the sentence means _____________.A. 超棒B. 不及C. 更贵D. 更便宜15. A pseudonym is a name that someone, usually a writer, uses instead of his or her real name.► The underlined word “pseudonym” refers to ____________.A. nicknameB. real nameC. given nameD. pen name16. Reading enriches the mind.► The word “enriches” means____________.A. 扩大B. 装满C. 充实D. 损坏17. Footman means a male servant in a house in the past, who opened the front door for visitors, served foodat table, etc.► What does the underlined word “Footman” mean in Chinese?A. 男仆B. 实习生C. 手艺人D. 管家婆18. Over-the-counter medicine refers to a drug that is sold without a prescription (处方).► The phrase “Over-the-counter medicine” means____________.A. 中药B. 非处方药C. 特殊药物D. 处方药19. Oceanography refers to the scientific study of sea currents (海流), the ocean floor, and the fish and animals that live in the sea.► The word“oceanography”means____________.A. 热带洋流B. 海洋学C. 海洋气候学D. 浮游生物20. On the subject of pollution, it’s a global issue. That is to say, about pollution, it’s a world-wide problem.► “On the subject of” means____________ in the sentence.A. sinceB. overC. althoughD. about► What does the underlined noun phrase “global issue” mean in Chinese?A. 温室效应B. 自然灾难C. 全球性问题D. 污染程度阅读理解：词义猜测题专练(答案+解析)---肇庆学院外国语学院周加林老师编写❖根据上下文推测划线单词或短语的词义。
2024年新高考英语一轮复习专题 21 阅读理解之词义猜测题(含答案解析)
专题21 阅读理解（词义猜测题）1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.“This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign.“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ”Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.”The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual patient's heart condition.“It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not alone.”1．What can we learn from Chris' words?A．It's unwise to raise money.B．It's optional to seek donations.C．It's wonderful to study art.D．It's necessary to show kids' talents.2．What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5?A．I'm overjoyed.B．['m very serious.C．My mind goes blank.D．My mind is racing.3．Which of the following best describes Luna?A．Gifted and determined.B．Generous and serious.C．Grateful and helpful.D．Creative and sensitive.4．What is the text mainly intended to do?A．Tell us a story of a disabled girl.B．Set a good example to the disabled.C．Launch Saucony's new brand shoes.D．Introduce a campaign with kid patients.【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
2022年中考复习阅读解题技巧分析：词义猜测类
阅读理解题型专讲专练之三：【词义猜测题】常见的解题方法：（一）上下文线索猜测词义任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。
如：If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken（1）The climate of the west coast is the most moderate ( )in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.（2）All the houses in the city collapsed ( ) during the earthquake.（3）For people who live within a stone’s throw ( ) from the office to be late to work is unforgivable（4）The conflagration( ) was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义阅读文章中的有些生词尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, refer to, to mean ,in other words等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示。
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A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever
2. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.
给同学们的建议：
同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离 语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专 业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在 解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上 下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果 离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然 会理解错误。
特别提醒
①不管这个词多超纲，根据上下文都能 得出其意思。
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(n. 牧羊人)
2. Contrast 对比法：
利用文中的反义词以及表对比关 系的词（组）猜测词义。
表示对比的词有but、while、 however、 otherwise等。
逗号后的or water给出了irrigate的准确含义 ，即“灌溉”的意思。
We are on the night shift—from midnight to 8 a.m.— this week.
两个破折号之间的短语重述了night shift的 含义，很清楚地表明night shift 是“夜班”的 意思。
is happening to him. n. 麻醉剂(药)
It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world. 说明：根据常识，Bill Gates 为世界首富， 所以 affluent 可能是“富有的”。
As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances. 说明：根据常识，Edison为发明大王，他 应因“发明物”而闻名于世。
Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.
(v. 不同意)
She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A. on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly
of the rivers and lakes which have been
polluted.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
However, the question that “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. it指的是月球人(moon people)所问的问题（the question）。
根据上下文指代关系猜测代词
文章中的代词it, that, this, he, him 或 them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it 和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的 对象相隔较远，要认真查找；也有时需 要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得 出代词所指代的事。
Like Schmid, the editors of several selfpublished art magazines also champion (捍卫) found photographs. One of them, called simply Found, was born one snowy night in Chicago… them指的是前面出现的self-published art magazines
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
washing machines, refrigerators and
color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
6. Word Formation 构词法：
生词词义。遇到生词不要慌张，也不要停 滞不前，而应继续阅读下去，也许该词的 意思在下文中很快就会明朗。
设问方式
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _______.
应答技巧？
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。常 用逗号，破折号，冒号等。
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组rways is an enormous
task .The job is so large, in fact, that the
government may not be able to save some
Summary
猜 测 词 义
1. Definition 定义法 2. Contrast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Context 上下文 8. Common Sense 普通常识
micro+bus 微型公共汽车
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
super- (超)
mini- (极小的, 微小的)
micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复）
mis-（误，恶） im-（不）
un-（不，非）
in-（不，非）
non-（不，非） -able（能…的 ）
-less（不，无） -wards (向)
英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和 词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部 分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上 前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。 只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本 含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新 词的含义了。
Eg. I’m going to buy a microbus.
8. Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和 生活经验来猜测词义。
在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据 自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识 将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、 风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可 以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义 的能力自然就会增强。
A. 便士 B. 温饱 CC. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱
3. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的 4. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital CC. countryside D. house
When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，
he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his
patient to feel pain or to know what
2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______.
3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?
4. The underlined word “…” means ______. 5. The underlined word “…” can be replaced________. .……
②不管这个词多熟悉，都要通过上下文 得出其在特定语境中的意思。
Inquiry-based Activities (I)
探究活动 (1)
Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?
----------------------------------------------------
With their shining brown eyes,
wagging tails, and unconditional love,
dogs can provide the nonjudgmental
listeners needed for a beginning
reader to gain confidence. 没有判断力的
unconditional: 无条件的, nonjudgmental: