第10讲.阅读理解之猜测词义题
新初二英语阅读理解猜测词义题[1]
![新初二英语阅读理解猜测词义题[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8f492f1c326c1eb91a37f111f18583d049640fc8.png)
如何猜测阅读理解题中的生词词义词汇是阅读理解的基础的基础。
我们必须掌握教材中所学所有的单词和词组;了解构词法知识,如熟记一些常见的前缀、后缀,以与词语的合成和转化等;并且要进行大量的课外阅读扩大自己的词汇量。
尽管如此,在阅读中还是不可避免会遇到生词或者熟词生义,因此,我们必须学会如何猜测词义。
任何一个词语,在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。
据此,我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义,即从已知推求未知,也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。
猜测词义时,我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑:一、根据定义或解释猜测词义A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.What does the word “carpenter” mean in Chinese?A.诗人B.木匠C.厨师D.伐木工人通过理解定语从句的意思,能猜出carpenter是B“木匠”A bag is useful and the word “bag” is usef ul. It gives us some interesting phrases(短语). One is “ to let the cat out of the bag”. It is the same as “to tell a secret”….Now when someone lets out (泄漏) a secret, he “lets the cat out of the bag.”John “lets the cat out of the bag” means he ______.A. makes everyone know a secretB. the woman bout a catC. buys a cat in the bagD. sells the cat in the bag在这篇文章里,“let the cat out of the bag”虽然是一个新出现的短语,但紧接着后面就给出解释It is the same as “to tell a secret”根据这一解释,我们就可判断出正确答案应为A。
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题学习讲义
![高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题学习讲义](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/544dac08c1c708a1294a440e.png)
高中英语阅读理解词义猜测题(讲案)(一)识别和判断猜词题题干特征常见命题形式1. 意义类The word “...” probably means ______.By saying “...” we mean ______.“...” as used in the passage can best be defined as ______.2. 替代类The underlined word “...” could best be replaced by ______.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “...”?What do you think the expression “...” stand for?3. 指代类The word “...” refers to ______.(二)猜词类题目解题技巧1. 利用上下文语境来猜测词义Passage 3There are so many ways to make new friends such as joining a sports team, taking part in community activities, or traveling. And there is no doubt that a friend in need is a friend indeed because he can help you out when you are in trouble or encourage you when you are upset. So, joining a sports team will be my first choice.The primary reason for this is that everyone in a sports team has the same interest, which is the most basic character for friends. Because of it, they will become your potential friends so that the chance to be friends is very high. In addition, the same interest can give you a lot of topics to talk about with your friends in daily conversation.(2017-2018,省实验高一上期期中考试,B)1. 【★★★】The underline word “potential” can be replaced by .A. beatB. suitableC. reliableD. possible【答案】D【解析】词义猜测题。
2019新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)
![2019新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c7f036c55f0e7cd1852536b6.png)
新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略高考考情分析解读:词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断,也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断,既可以是生词生义,也可以是熟词新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看,词义猜测题一般有1-2题。
考查相对比较稳定,但难度略有增加,需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子:(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in the la st paragraph refer to?(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有:The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”.What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构:代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附:典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
超实用高考英语复习: 阅读理解突破之词义猜测题(原卷版)
![超实用高考英语复习: 阅读理解突破之词义猜测题(原卷版)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/3c37e728fd4ffe4733687e21af45b307e871f9c2.png)
阅读理解突破之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
高考命题取向正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步,也是理解文章的基础,不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。
但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思,其含义随不同语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义,才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
在高考阅读理解中,词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况:推测划线单词或短语的含义;推测划线代词指代含义;推测划线句子的含义。
对于推测划线单词或短语的含义,可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题;对于推测代词含义,可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义,并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句,弄清逻辑关系(因果关系,转折关系,补充说明,对比关系等)来解题;关于推测划线句含义,采用三步法—一定位,返回原文,定位划线句子,理清句子结构;二分析,分析划线句子前后语境,根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系,转折关系,补充说明,对比关系等)合理推断句意;三比较,比较选项,找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。
阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析
![阅读理解中猜测词义题的解题策略分析](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/46fb1db852ea551811a68799.png)
二、常见阅读猜词题的设问方式:
(1). What does the underlined word “them/it” refer to? (2). In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). (3). According to the passage, ... probably means (4). The author uses the word... to mean. (5). The underlined phrase “punch line” most probably means______. (6). The underlined word “one” could best be replaced by ______. (7). What does “garden” in the last two paragraphs stand for? (8). Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “___”?
1. Definition or explanation 定义法或释义法
(2). (2014新课标全国卷 I.B) Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant, people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Q: The unlined Word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ ________.
中考英语阅读之猜测词义和推理判断讲解
![中考英语阅读之猜测词义和推理判断讲解](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/7bbaf3c06294dd88d0d26b91.png)
中考英语阅读之猜测词义和推理判断讲解中考英语阅读理解常见的考题主要是四大类型,主旨大意、细节题、推断题、猜测词义。
本专题分为两节,本节进行猜测词义题和推理判断题的解析一、中考阅读理解目标要求表二、题型技巧精讲1.猜测词义题(指代题)猜测词义题是阅读理解部分常见的一个测试项目,主要用来测试考生对文章中出现的熟悉或不熟悉的词或词组的意义的理解能力。
当遇到不认识的而又是要测试的生词时,要通过上下文去进行猜测。
注意与这个词紧密相连的前后几个词语的意思,特别是后面有同位语、破折号或括号时,就更容易猜测了,因为同位语、破折号或括号就是注释。
其次,利用构词法来进行猜测。
常用的构词法有派生法,转化法以及合成法。
英语中有相当大一部分单词都是由上述三种构词法变来的,这些词的构成一般都有一定的规律,掌握一些常见的规律,对于猜测考试中遇到的生词大有帮助。
猜测词义题的提问形式主要有:(1) The underlined sentence “No one can live a completely isolated life” means ___________ in this passage.(2) What does the underlined word “raised” mean in Paragraph 2?典型例题Learners of English, especially self-taught learners may have troubles in understanding speeches by native speakers. The following ways might help improve their listening ability.First of all, do things step by step. It is not good to listen to something beyond your level. Better choose a suitable course and start the first book. Go on to the second book only after you are sure you understand the first one.Secondly, stick to one course of study. Don’t change books often. Never let your attention be attracted by another course just because it seems to be more “fashionable”.Thirdly, listen to the English news program over the radio from time to time. Better go through the news stories in the Chinese-language newspaper first. That will make it easy for you to understand the English news on the radio.Fourthly, if you have time, listen to some English from the VOA or other listening materials of the same level as that of your textbook.1. “Beyond your level” means something __________.A. easy for youB. too difficult for youC. not too easy and not too difficult for youD. just all right for you2. In this passage, VOA stands for __________.A. a bookB. a magazineC. a textbookD. a radio program1. 【答案】B【讲解】“Beyond your level”的意思是“超出了你的水平”,也就是对你来说太难了,因此答案选择B项。
高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题
![高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/a86d34579a6648d7c1c708a1284ac850ad0204a1.png)
高考英语阅读理解解题指导:破解猜测词义题猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一,近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查,还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外,在阅读理解文章中,总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围,但又没有附加注释,而需要考生猜测,这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中,作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。
常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
通过阅读定义或解释部分,读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
【考例1】(2022年全国乙卷,C篇)29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析:原文:That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释,故推测maintenance是“维护,保养”的意思,C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
2025届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题策略及真题练习+课件
![2025届高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题解题策略及真题练习+课件](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/8931bb550a4c2e3f5727a5e9856a561252d321c0.png)
3. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate.
A. pretty
B. passive C. protective D. energetic
Practice 根据上下文语境推断词义。
4. At first, Gao was a hardworking and honest man who sells fish to make a
1. Mr.Green loves to talk,and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
adj.健谈的
同义或近义 synonym or near-synonym
利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词或短语推知划线词的 意 思 。 常 见 信 号 词 (clues) : and, or, also, as...as, just as, similarly等
原因:because,as,since(因为),for(因为) 结果:so,thus,as a result , therefore, so that …
8.The museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day. adj. 大的
利用对比或转折的信号词,然后根据反义词线索猜测词义。 常见信号词/词组有:but, yet(然而), despite(尽管), however, while(但是), unfortunately(不幸地), on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), in contrast, instead of, rather than, not as…as, not the same as…等
高考英语阅读理解专项指导-猜测词义
![高考英语阅读理解专项指导-猜测词义](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/886cf8e58662caaedd3383c4bb4cf7ec4bfeb619.png)
65.The underlined part “the colors turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colors_______.
• had weak effects on the customers B. tricked the customers into shopping C. caused the customers to lose
发现过去人们以群体的形式欣赏 音乐而现在则单个人在vidual
experience.
⑥利用对比关系猜词.
例如:She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
...is/are known as 被称为
...can be defined as 可被定以为
例如:
1. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是"脆"的意思。 It will be very hard but also very brittle—that is , it will break easily.
1
利用近义词的线索。作者可能会用一个近义词或者同义词去解释另 一个更难的词,以便使他的文字意思更清楚,近义词往往出现在同 一句或者同一段落中。
③利用重述作为上下文猜词的线索。当作者不能肯定读者能够理解他的意思时, 他会用另外一种方式陈述自己的观点。常见的用来表示重述的词或短语有:
超实用高考英语复习:阅读理解微技能之词义猜测(原题版)
![超实用高考英语复习:阅读理解微技能之词义猜测(原题版)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4d2c8136974bcf84b9d528ea81c758f5f61f29de.png)
阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1.单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。
具体技巧如下:(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。
当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时,其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。
在英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀,从而构成另外一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是新词,但掌握一定的构词知识,就不难猜出它的词义了。
【高考英语阅读理解公开课】---猜测词义课件(共4个课件)
![【高考英语阅读理解公开课】---猜测词义课件(共4个课件)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/f8d14ef6bd64783e08122b57.png)
[典例] (2019·北京卷 )Phytoplankton(浮游植物) lives at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. ...But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow...
Statistics on the type of guessing meanings of words
Year
2019
2018
2017
全国卷Ⅰ 1(单词stumbles的含义)
1(单词 dominant的 2(代词that的含义; 短语the
含义)
water catcher的含义)
全国卷Ⅱ
2(代词I的含义;短语tug at 1(短语a juicer的含
many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and
Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29.Which of the following best explains “dominant”in paragraph 2?
field(n.场地 ) field vt.运用=employ(使用,运用)
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
![高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/2162907a59fafab069dc5022aaea998fcc2240c1.png)
阅读理解专项打破III词义猜测【命题特点】考察依据上下文推想生词和短语实力,突出考察对语境分析和把握实力。
【常见考法】1. The underlined word “…〞probably means____.2. The word “…〞used in paragraph “…〞refers to/suggests____.3. The phrase “…〞in the sentence can be replaced by ____.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…〞5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…〞6. By saying “…〞, we mean_____.7. What do you think of the expression “…〞stands for8. The meaning of word “…〞in the passage is related to_____.一.通过定义或说明推想语义有些概念性生词出现后,作者会给出它定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。
这些修饰成分可以扶植我们推断诞生词语义〔1〕定义句谓语动词在文中多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define〔下定义〕, represent, signify〔表示,说明〕, constitute〔指。
〕等。
〔2〕说明那么常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is〔to say〕, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面信息加以重复或说明。
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧
![高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/fb6f57311ed9ad51f01df2b4.png)
高考英语阅读理解猜测词义类的解题技巧高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义类题可以分为两种类型,一种是推测某个生词的具体含义,是生词含义题;另一种是推测某个代词或词组在文中的指代意义,是代词指称题。
这两种情况在解题方法上还是有一定的相似性和规律性的。
下面是我们遇到猜测词义题时一般的解题步骤。
对于考察某个单词或短语或句子实际含义的题,首先要着眼单词或短语本身,分析单词或短语的构成,分析其构词法,词根词缀,派生关系等信息,推测它的大概含义。
对于猜测句子的含义,有时可以直接分析句子结构推测它的意义。
有些单词我们虽然不认识它的具体含义,但是他们往往含有一些表示具体意义的词缀,特别是前缀能够帮助我们猜测这个词的一部分含义,而后缀通常能够帮助我们理解词的派生关系。
高考英语中常见的前缀总结如下:根据构词法阅读中常会遇到一些由所熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词,可利用构词法知识来推测其意思。
《教学大纲》已经明确地将构词法列在语法附表中,因此利用所学构词法生成的词不应被认定为生词。
1. Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.分析:anti-poison是由poison加前缀anti-构成的,anti-意思是“反对、排斥、抵抗”,由此可猜出anti-poison是“解毒、抗毒”的意思。
2. Although simplified Chinese characters were accepted for use many years ago, it seems thatmore and more people like Chinese characters in the complex form.分析:simplified跟simple是同根词,带有-ed显然是过去分词形式的形容词。
高考英语阅读理解-猜测词义课件(共31张PPT)
![高考英语阅读理解-猜测词义课件(共31张PPT)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/28f5c58a580216fc710afd20.png)
(adj. 易碎的, 脆的)
The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
(adj. 巨大的;极大的)
4. Cause Effect 因果法:从原因推 测结果,从结果推测原因。
One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing.
(adj. 贫穷的,穷困的)
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
(adj. 大的)
5. Example 例举法:利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
逗号后的or water给出了irrigate的准确含义,即“灌溉” 的意思。
washing machines, refrigerators and
color televisions.
(n. 电器用具)
• 方法6:
Using word formation
(构词法)
6. Guessing the meaning
unbelievable
prefix (前缀)
2017年新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案解析)
![2017年新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略(附带答案解析)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/45dc1c40b84ae45c3b358cfe.png)
2017届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意(词义)解题策略高考考情分析解读:词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义推断,也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断,既可以是生词生义,也可以是熟词新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看,词义猜测题一般有1-2题。
考查相对比较稳定,但难度略有增加,需要在复杂的句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。
在词义猜测题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。
2016年全国卷设问形式例子:(1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅱ)(2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?(2016年课标全国卷Ⅲ)(3)What does the word “contributions” in t he last paragraph refer to?(2015年课标全国卷Ⅰ)常见的命题形式有:The underlined word in the second paragraph means “________”.Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph?The underlined word “________” in Paragraph 2can best be replaced by “________”.What does the phrase “________”in Paragraph 1 mean?本学案结构:代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附:典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力,这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程,即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理,有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。
2024届高考英语阅读理解专项技巧-词义猜测+课件
![2024届高考英语阅读理解专项技巧-词义猜测+课件](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/be743b8051e2524de518964bcf84b9d528ea2c94.png)
技巧1:利用释义法解题
猜猜下列划线词汇的意思: 例1:They described him as a loon, or a mad man. 说明:句中的or是对loon的解释,即loon与a mad man同义,即表示"疯子"。 例2:The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year. 说明:定语从句 who looks after sheep表明herdsman的词义为"牧人"。
解答: “added bonus”后面的that从句是同位语从句,解释说明“added bonus”的内容(坐电动 飞机更舒服)。“No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally friendly peace and quiet.”一句则进一步解释说明,电动飞机飞行时没有发动机的噪音,没有燃油的气 味,环境安静和谐,这意味着人们能够获得更加愉悦的飞行体验,故选C项。
高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题
![高考英语阅读理解之词义猜测题](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/4c79fe38941ea76e59fa0445.png)
解密阅读理解之词义猜测题考点详解词义猜测是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中必考的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
【命题趋势】1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息,结合中学生应有的常识和经验,正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组,通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3.代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。
用"逻辑关系梳理法"、"递向寻踪法"理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】1. The underlined word "…"in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.2. By saying that "…"in the first(second…) paragraph, the autho r means that ______.3. In paragraph …, "…"can be replaced by "______".4. The meaning of "…"in paragraph… is related to ______.5. Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?6. The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probab ly means that _____.对此类试题,考生应该进行大胆猜测,但这种猜测不是胡乱的,盲目的,而是有一定的方法和技巧。
下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
一、相似法:利用同义词、近义词(词组)或相似的结构猜测词义。
高考阅读理解技巧之猜测词意课件(共21张PPT)
![高考阅读理解技巧之猜测词意课件(共21张PPT)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/230f23fe29ea81c758f5f61fb7360b4c2e3f2ae6.png)
D. Having more material than needed.
Tip: 构词法 consume: 消费
consumption n. 消费
IV. Common sense
运用自身的生活经验及生活常识,根据上下 文能读懂的部分,可以正确猜出词义。
1. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. 波纹,细浪
Flay says Liberman’s charisma is key. “Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” he says. “it’s about your personality(个性) and finding a way to keep people’s eyeballs on your show.” What does the word “charisma” underlined in the text refer to?
61. What does the underlined phrase “over-
consumption” refer to___D__?
过度消费
A. Using too much packaging.
B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.
Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. The underlined word most probably means_____.
初三中考英语阅读理解专题之猜测词义解题技巧讲义教案(含练习答案)
![初三中考英语阅读理解专题之猜测词义解题技巧讲义教案(含练习答案)](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/19029cab3968011ca30091c8.png)
学员编号:年级:课时数:学员姓名:辅导科目:英语学科教师:授课类型T C T 阅读猜测词义能力教学目标通过本节了解和熟悉猜测词义的几种技巧星级★★★★授课日期及时段教学内容能力T-猜测词义(建议3 分钟)⏹green hand⏹lady bird⏹big potato⏹john看到上面几个词组了吗,你知道他们分别是什么意思吗?真的如图片所示吗?(建议20 分钟)巧猜词义技巧大突破一、考察形式猜测词义的能力属于英语的基本能力之一。
具体到考试题型上,在单项选择、完型填空、首字母填空、阅读理解等题型上都会有体现,尤其是阅读类题目,对陌生单词意思的猜测和对熟词生义的理解都是会直接影响到对文章的理解。
阅读理解题型往往会以如下形式进行考察。
1.What does the word “…” refer to?2.The underlin ed word “…” is the closest in meaning to ______.3.By saying that“…”, the author means that ___.看到这样的题目,就知道,若是不能理解所指单词意思,那就是失分喽!二、猜词方法大突破前面一开始我们猜测了几个单词的意思,现在我们在有上下文语境的情况下,你猜的对不对。
⏹On the way to the factory, Jack sang a pop song happily. Because it is the first day for him to work,When he was working, he talked with his comrade. Suddenly, the machine broke down because of his carelessness. Jack was afraid of the blame of his boss. His comrade told him, “Take it easy, you are a green hand.”⏹Do you like a lady bird? It is not a kind of bird. It is a insect(昆虫). It can fly. Its wings are red. It is verysmall.⏹Tom is a great man. Tom is treated as a big potato.⏹Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice.【讲解】一个完全陌生的单词,或者一个熟悉的单词怎么都看不出啥意思?为什么?缺乏上下文的语境,一个单词,尤其是在文章中出现的单词,其前后句子或单词在意义上和语法上都会与其相联系。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
第十讲阅读理解之猜测词义题【考点说明】阅读理解之猜测词义题在阅读考试中考察得比重不大,但难度很大。
在有传统阅读题型的联盟考试(复旦千分考、北约、卓越同盟)中,四选一的阅读理解有时会考这种题型,其中复旦千分考考查较多,几乎每年都有该题型。
此类题目考查的是考生对阅读文章中出现的关键词或短语的理解能力,对考生的上下文分析能力要求比较高。
【题型特点分析】对于文中单词的考查又无外乎两种情况:一种是多义常用词在特定语境中的具体含义;一种是可以根据上下文推测出含义的生僻词汇。
常见题干表现形式如:①The word“…”mostly probably means…②By saying“…”,the author means…③The word“…”mostly probably refers…④Which of the following is the closet in meaning to the word“…”⑤The statement“…”probably means…【解题技巧】猜测词义时,一般可利用以下四个方面的线索:一.通过构词法根据前缀,后缀,转化猜测词义如:But judging from recent studies Of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears,both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.【解析】“counter”表示“相反的、逆向的”,而“productive”表示“产生的”,再综合上下文,我们可以断定其含义是“对健康有害意思。
所以答案为D。
注:关于这一块内容,建议复习第二讲中的构词法二.篇章逻辑关系法所谓逻辑关系法,即通过理解引号内的部分在原文中所在的句子,以及其之前和之后的句子,并通过这些句子之间的逻辑关系判断引号内部分的含义。
这里常见的句子之间的关系有:1.并列关系。
其特征是,句子之间由and, or等并列连词连接,或者没有连接词。
2.转折关系。
其特征是,句子之间由but, yet, however, still, contrary to , in contrast等转折连词连接。
3.因果关系。
在句子或段落中,若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
利用逻辑关系法解答语义理解题的做题步骤是:1,回归原文在原文中找到题干中引号内的部分,这一步非常简单,因为题干中会标出引号内部分在文中的段落数和行数。
2,瞻前顾后在原文中找到定位后,就要判断引号内部分和它之前、之后的句子的关系,并且通过阅读相应的句子理解引号内的部分的含义。
这一步最关键也最灵活,下面笔者还会结合今年真题进行具体对此进行讲解。
3,比对选项最后一步,将四个选项分别与从上一步中得到的信息做比对,选出一致选项。
三.文章内针对性解释1.根据定义(definition)猜测词义如果生词有一个句子(定语从句或是同位语前常有or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等>或是同位语从句)或段落来定义,或使用破折号,冒号,分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义,那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
定义常用的谓语动词多为:be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
如:A supernova is a massive star that undergoes a gravitational collapse, then a gigantic explosion, blasting away the outer layers into space.【解析】Supernova是一种巨大的恒星,它不断进行着引力的收缩,然后就会发生巨大的爆炸,而它的外层会随着爆炸产生的巨大气流被吹向外太空。
这里的supernova对我们可能非常陌生,但这里的is给了我们对supernova的定义,所以我们知道其实它就是一种巨大的恒星。
2.根据举例猜测词义恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重索。
表示例举关系的词常有:like, for example, for instance, such as, especially, include, consist of如:Defined most broadly, folklore includes all the customs, beliefs and traditions that people have handed down from generation to generation.【解析】此句中include后面的例子基本上表示出了“folklore”的内容,这些东西都是通常所获得的民俗传统,这也就是folklore的基本含义。
四.作者语气推断学会关注文章中三处展现的感情色彩:观点句或者结论句出现的地方,代表人物或代表流派出现的地方,强烈感情色彩出现的地方。
因为感情色彩通过语境能够传达出很多单词的大概意思或者说是关键特征,甚至强烈感情色彩还能给出下面很多文字的中心。
如:They must gain an understanding of human nature, including its negative aspects, such as the sources of human conflict and the pitfalls of power.【解析】他们必须获得对人类本质的理解,包括人类本质中不好的方面,例如人类冲突的源泉和人类权利的pitfalls。
虽然pitfalls很多同学并不认识,但我们通过negative aspects传达出的负态度和such as的举例标志词,我们可以做出这样的合理推测pitfalls表示不好的方面。
【典例精讲】AEver since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusionover possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever.Sudan 1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.Last week Sudan’s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye’s name.Sudan dyes, which include Sudan 1 to 4, are red dyes used for coloring solvents, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?A. Causing cancer.B. Having side effect.C. Containing poison.D. Poisonous.【答案】A【解析】词义猜测题。
根据They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. 可知这个词与癌症有关,故可推出carcinogenic意为"致癌的"。
注意信息点的寻找:我们在做题时习惯于在划线词附近寻找解题的信息点,寻而不得时往往就会慌张,其实往下多看看,可能在后面的某一段就出现了相关的信息,因此,冷静的寻找对于解题至关重要。
BPeople in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.1. The word “bummer” most probably means something ________.A. religiousB. unpleasantC. entertainingD. commercial【答案】B【解析】词义推测题。
我们很容易地定位到本段末句,通过分析段落,不难发现本段共包括4句话,前三句之间并没有出现表示逻辑关系的词汇,因此没有转折现象发生,而最后两句之间出现Give all this作为连接,很明显四句话之间均为顺承关系,通过阅读文章我们不难发现前三句中出现的诸如misery, worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young, their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms等信息都是负性词汇,因此bummer一词必然表达了一种负面的含义,通过选项的分析,AD都为中性词,只有B表达了负面含义,因此本题选择B作为正确选项。