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阅读理解2023 教育部新课标四省联考D篇We all know that unpleasant feeling when we’re talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence we’re interrupted. But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University.Using a set of controlled audio clips (录音片段), Hilton surveyed 5,000 American English speakers to better understand what affects people's perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, listening to one another, or trying to interrupt.Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the same time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between speaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous(同时) chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.“People care about being interrupted, an d those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication,” Hilton said. “Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other.”1. What does Hilton's research focus on?A. What interruptions mean to people.B. Whether interruption is good or not.C. How to avoid getting interrupted.D. Why speakers interrupt each other.2. What do participants of the study need to do?A. Record an audio clip.B. Answer some questions.C. Listen to one another.D. Have a chat with a friend.3. What do low intensity speakers think of simultaneous chat?A. It's important.B. It's interesting.C. It's inefficient.D. It's impolite.4. What can we learn from Hilton's research?A. Human interaction is complex.B. Communication is the basis of life.C. Interruptions promote thinking.D. Language barriers will always exist.2023 浙江1月B篇Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I've learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn't need. Since I had my own toiletries(洗漱用品), I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.So here is my advice: Lead by action.5. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?A. Share an apartment with you.B. Join you in what you're doing.C. Transform your way of living.D. Help you to make the decision.6. What was the attitude of the author's father toward buying groceries with jars?A. He disapproved of it.B. He was favorable to it.C. He was tolerant of it.D. He didn't care about it.7. What can we infer about the author?A. She is quite good at cooking.B. She respects others’ privacy.C. She enjoys being a housewife.D. She is a determined person.8. What is the text mainly about?A. How to get on well with other family members.B. How to have one's own personal space at home.C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.D. How to control the budget when buying groceries.2019 课标I卷D篇During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.9. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.10.What is the second paragraph mainly about？A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.11. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B. They tended to be more adaptable.C. They enjoyed the highest status.D. They performed well academically.12. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BetterC. Be the Best—You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness 2018 课标II卷D篇We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to succe ssful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It’s not that talking to the waiter is bette r than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond w ith others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.13. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of communication between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.14. What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.15. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises people’s confidence.C. It matters as much as a formal talk.D. It makes people feel good.16. What is the best title for the text?A. Conversation CountsB. Ways of Making Small TalkC. Benefits of Small TalkD. Uncomfortable Silence七选五2022 全国乙卷Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain(保持) long-distance friendships.·Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1 .·More isn’t always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2 . There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.·Practise empathy (共情)3 . The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.· 4Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don’t rely on technology alone5 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.A. Remember important datesB. Compensate by writing lettersC. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind2021 全国乙卷According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party.6 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 7 , it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.8 ? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox(讲台). If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from thesituation. 9 .And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬). 10 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.A. How do you know the hostB. The first step is to go exploringC. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangersE. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talkingG. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most2020 课标II卷Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 11 . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 12 , encouraging better and more frequent communication.In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 13 . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 14 . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.15 , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.A. Message with emojis feel more conversationalB. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyC. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeD. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globallyE. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceG. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform2020 课标III卷A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 16 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.17 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things likecurtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.18 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 19 Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 20 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.A. This isn’t usual though.B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.完形填空2022 全国甲卷You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 1 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 2 . When I first dated Steve, I 3 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 4 that he was an animal lover, I 5 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 6 , the cat.The next week we 7 our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 8 , Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing(求婚)? I liked him too, but so 9 ? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. 10 , I began to fall for him.We 11 to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her 12 . I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 14 his house. All worked 15 . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 16 Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team 17 for Tilly. We made good housemates.A year later, much to my 18 , this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel(跪) down, nor did I 19 him to. That’s only for giving 20 to the dogs that brought us together.1. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership2. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice3. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned4. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled5. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted6. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly7. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed8. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination9. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real10. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment11. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended12. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg13. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly14. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched15. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free16. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered17. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling18. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage19. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid20. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water2020 课标III卷As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 21 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 22 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 23 that they left it in the changing room, create havoc(混乱) and then 24 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 25 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 26 colour.I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 27 .I remember the first really 28 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was 29 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 30 that she became a “regular”. After a while, she 31 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 32 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对), she’d taken it out on 33 people.That taught me a valuable 34 and I pass it on to the people who 35 in the market. Don’t take it 36 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 37 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego(自我) get 38 . If you do, you won’t be able to 39 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 40 everyone’s day.21. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists22. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying23. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear24. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume25. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods26. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural27. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing28. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult29. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about30. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed31. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized32. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty33. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely34. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade35. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel36. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually37. A. ready B. away C. up D. well38. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law39. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame40. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves2018 课标III卷When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say, “sorry, 41 number!” and move on. But when Dennis Williams 42 a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him, he did something 43 .On March 19, Dennis got a group text 44 him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital, waiting for the 45 of a baby.“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken,” Dennis 46 . The baby was born and update texts were 47 quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her 48 , she didn’t seem to realize that she was 49 the baby’s photos with a complete stranger. “Well, I don’t 50 you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before asking which room the new 51 were in.Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52 ! He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindsey’s husband was totally 54 by the unexpected visit. “I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we 55 it and the gifts.”Teresa 56 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words: “What a 58 this young man was to our family! He was so 59 and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.41. A. unlucky B. secret C. new D. wrong42. A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed43. A. reasonable B. special C. necessary D. practical44. A. convincing B. reminding C. informing D. warning45. A. wake-up B. recovery C. growth D. arrival46. A. responded B. interrupted C. predicted D. repeated47. A. coming in B. setting out C. passing down D. moving around48. A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort49. A. comparing B. exchanging C. discussing D. sharing50. A. accept B. know C. believe D. bother51. A. parents B. doctors C. patients D. visitors52. A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle53. A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making54. A. discouraged B. relaxed C. astonished D. defeated55. A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect56. A. found B. selected C. developed D. posted57. A. confirmed B. simplified C. clarified D. accompanied58. A. pity B. blessing C. relief D. problem59. A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair60. A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust。