英文科技论文写作HOW_to_WRITE_Discussion

journals have limitations!
Should know the limitations in your studies that might cause problems and possible explanation
Do not hide weak results behind bad writing Be sure to explain why results are weaker than you
Begin:
Our results confirm that … Our findings suggest that … The data show that … In this study, we found that ...
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Explain the meaning and importance of the findings
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Discussion
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The same information can have different meanings or significances to different people brainstorming
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Discussion
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How do your results fit into a broader context?
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Make explanations complete
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Discuss the results in the same order as in the “Results” one by one
Explain how your results relate to expectations and to literature cited in your Introduction
What do the findings mean? Why are they important?
“That make perfect sense!” (Why didn’t I think of this?)
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Always remember:
Introduction
G.D. Gopen and J.A. Swan 1•2/2/2019
Discussion
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Always write the discussion for the reader
the focus should be to help the reader understand the study and
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What is the “take-home message”? What do you want the reader to remember
from your study?
The take-home message should be the first sentence of the conclusions section.
Relate to expectations and to literature Prove the hypotheses/Answered questions
The importance/significance of Your findings
Limitations Your conclusions/future works
Should interpret your results in light of other published results, by adding additional information from sources you cited in the Introduction section as well as by introducing new sources.
Previous findings:
Stimulated yours to Fill a gap, Correct their errors, invent a new method, …
Support yours – strength the importance of your studies
Broad Specific
Discussion
Specific
Broad
Moves from the narrow specific focus of the research to a more general view
Your goals/objectives
Your findings
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No one has thought as long and as hard about your study as you have.
As the person who conceived, designed, and conducted the study, the meaning of the results and their importance seem obvious to you, but the findings might not be so clear for the readers who read your paper for the first time.
1 Discussion
The heart of the paper
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It may seem obvious that a scientific document is incomplete without the interpretation of the writer; it may not be so obvious that the document cannot "exist" without the interpretation of each reader.
Relate your discussion back to the objectives and questions you raised in the Introduction section.
Limit your conclusions to those that your data can actually support. You can then proceed to speculate on why this occurred and whether you expected this to occur, based on other workers' findings.
Make recommendations, discuss future work
Our subject that remain to be explored is how to … More studies in … are needed …
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Take-Home Message: Conclusions
Give evidence for each conclusion. Discuss possible reasons for expected and unexpected
findings Whether the experiments prove the hypotheses with
evidence (results). Do they agree, contradict, or are they exceptions to the
rule?
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Relate the findings to similar studies
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Is your study so novel? (no relation to other studies?）No！Then, relate your findings to others.
Suggest the theoretical implications of your results.
Suggest practical applications of your results Extend your findings to other situations or other
expected
We used only …. Future research should include/ do … (differently,
use different …, use more …)
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Suggestions for Further Research
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findings 3. Relate the findings to those of similar studies 4. State the theoretical or practical relevance or
implication of the findings 5. Acknowledge the study’s limitations 6. Make suggestions for further research 7. Give the “take-home message” in the form of a
conclusion
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State the major findings
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In the first paragraph：
Begin (with a statement of the major findings A direct, declarative, succinct proclamation Should not include any data
You only answered some questions, others related to this subject may remain ‘unanswered’
You should make suggestions for further studies and give a future perspective
species Give the big picture: do your findings help us
understand a broader topic?
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Discussion: summห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ry
Free to explain what the results mean or why they differ from what other workers have found.
the highlight should be on the study data.
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Discussion: The Elements
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1. State the study’s major findings 2. Explain the meaning and importance of the
Our finding/result is associated with/similar to, different from …(others’ …)
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Alternative Explanations of the Findings
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Remember that the purpose of research is to discover and not to prove. Don’t fall into the trap – to prove
Carefully consider all possible, alternative explanations for your results
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Acknowledge the study’s limitations
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Studies: flaws, fatal flaws? Even the best studies in the most prestigious