广东省博物馆木陶瓷展英文讲解词

土火之艺——馆藏历代瓷展览

Exhibition of Pottery and Porcelain through Dynasties

2009/11/17

前言

水、土、火的碰撞，产生了绚丽多彩的瓷文化。器是全人类共同拥有的财富。而瓷器是中华民族对世界文明的重要贡献，中国因此而拥有了“瓷之国度”的美称。

早在新石器时代，我们的祖先就已经学会制造和使用器。商周时期出现了原始瓷。成熟的青釉瓷器烧成于一千八百多年前的东汉时期。经过三国两晋南北朝的初步发展，到了唐宋时期，我国的制瓷业进入第一个发展高峰。明清时期，我国瓷业发展到了巅峰阶段。

至少在唐代，我国已开始大量出口瓷器。此后历经宋、元、明、清各朝，日益发展，长久不衰。从东海和南海通向东亚、东南亚、中西亚、非洲、欧洲以及美洲的各条航线，无不见证了这一辉煌。因此这条海外贸易通道也被称为“瓷之路”。

最早的器出现在新石器时代早期。晋代开始出现青釉瓷器。唐、宋、元时期的制瓷业飞速发展，并大量输出国外。明、清时期，石湾器、广彩瓷器成为斐声中外的著名品种。

一部中国瓷史，反映的不仅仅是整个中国文化史的面貌，而且也书写了经济贸易史、工艺美术史、航海史、对外贸易史等方面的篇章。

Introduction

Collision of water, clay and fire gave rise to colorful pottery and porcelain culture. Pottery is a treasure of humankind. However, porcelain is an important contribution of the Chinese nation to the world civilization. China won its name as "Country of Porcelain".

As early as the Neolithic Age, Chinese people had already got to know how to make and use pottery. Proto-porcelain had been made in the Shang Dynasty. Mature green glazed porcelain was made in the Eastern Han Dynasty and had well developed in the Three Kingdoms, the Eastern and Western Jin Dynasties, and the Southern and Northern Song Dynasties. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, Chinese ceramic industry reached its first peak of development. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chinese ceramic industry developed to a summit stage.

Porcelain had begun to export in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, large quantities of pottery and porcelain exported from the East Sea and

the South China Sea to East Asia, Central and West Asia, Africa, Europe and America, which witnessed the glory .Therefore the oversea trade line was also named as “Road of Porcelain”.

Pottery was first made in Guangdong in the early Neolithic Age. In the Jin Dynasty, green glazed porcelain was made. In the Tang, Song and Yuan Dynasties, ceramic industry developed well and exported to foreign countries. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Shiwan pottery and Kwon-glazed porcelain had enjoyed a high reputation at home and abroad.

A history of Chinese pottery and porcelain reflects not only an overview of cultural history of China, but also shows the history in terms of economy and trade, arts and crafts, maritime, foreign trade and so on

制瓷：瓷器是如何制造出来的

1、采泥：制作瓷器的原料主要有瓷土、瓷石、高岭土、长石等。瓷土指粉碎瓷

石所得之土或人工配制成的制瓷原料，由高岭土、石英、长石等组成，主要成份是二氧化硅（SiO2）和氧化铝（Al2O3）。瓷石由石英、长石、绢云母、高岭石等组成，完全风化后就是常见的瓷土。高岭土是一种以高岭石为主要成分的黏土，因发现于的高岭村而得名，国际上称为Kaolin。一般含二氧化硅（SiO2）46.5％，氧化铝（Al2O3）39.54％。因高岭土可塑性差、熔点高，所以单纯用高岭土是不能制成瓷器的，须掺入其它原料。长石是以二氧化硅（SiO2）和氧化铝（Al2O3）为主，并夹杂钠、钾、钙等金属的化合物。用含有较多长石的原料制成的瓷器，胎质坚硬，呈半透明状，并具有较好的化学稳定性。

2、练泥：从矿区采取瓷石或瓷土，经水碓舂细，淘洗，除去杂质，沉淀后制成

砖状的泥块。然后再用水调和泥块，去掉渣质，反复翻扑或敲打踏练，把泥团中的空气挤压出来，使泥中的水分均匀、组织细密，以改善胎泥的成型性能。

3、拉坯：将练好的胎泥置于辘轳车的转盘中心，随手法的屈伸收放拉制出坯体

的大致模样。

4、修坯：对已干燥（或半干）的坯体，进行外型的修平、磨光、挖底、钻眼等

精修工作。分干修和湿修两种。前者因干燥后的坯体含水分低，修坯时不易变形，但粉尘较大。后者坯体水分含量较高，修坯时粉尘较小，但掌握不好，坯体容易变形。

5、晒坯：将加工成型的坯体摆放在木架上晾干。

6、装饰：美化瓷器的重要工序。一般是在瓷坯入窑前对其进行纹饰加工，以增