数据库系统英文介绍

(完整版)数据库重要术语(中英文)

单词汇总(数据库专业一点的词汇其实主要就是每章后面review items的内容,在这里简单列一下,如果你实在没时间看书,至少这些单词要熟悉.)：1. 数据库系统：database system(DS),database management system(DBMS)2.数据库系统(DS),数据库治理系统(DBMS )3. 关系和关系数据库table= relation , column = attribute 属性,domain, atomic domain, row= tuple ,relational database, relation schema, relation instance, database schema, database instance;4.表=关系,列=属性属性,域,原子域,排二元组,关系型数据库,关系模式,关系实例,数据库模式,数据库实例；1. key 们：super key, candidate key, primary key, foreign key, referencing relation, referenced relation;2.超码,候选码,主码,外码,参照关系,被参照关系5.关系代数(relational algebra): selection, project, natural join, Cartesian product, set operations, union, intersect, set difference( except\minus), Rename, assignment, outer join, grouping, tuple relation calculus6.(关系代数)：选择,工程,自然连接,笛卡尔积,集合运算,集,交集,集合差(除负),重命名,分配,外连接,分组,元组关系演算7.sql组成：DDL ：数据库模式定义语言,关键字：createDML ：数据操纵语言,关键字：Insert > delete、updateDCL ：数据库限制语言,关键字：grant、removeDQL ：数据库查询语言,关键字：select8.3.SQL 语言：DDL , DML , DCL , QL , sql query structure, aggregate functions, nested subqueries, exists(as an operator), unique(as anoperator), scalar subquery, assertion, index(indices), catalogs, authorization, all privileges, granting, revoking , grant option, trigger, stored procedure, stored function4.SQL语言：DDL , DML , DCL , QL , SQL查询结构,聚合函数,嵌套子查询,存在(如运营商),独特的(如运营商),标量子查询,断言指数(指数),目录,授权,所有权限,授予,撤销,GRANT OPTION ,触发器,存储过程,存储函数9. 表结构相关：Integrity constraints, domain constraints, referential integrity constraints10.完整性约束,域名约束,参照完整性约束5.数据库设计(ER 模型)：Entity-Relationship data model, ER diagram, composite attribute, single-valued and multivalued attribute,derived attribute, binary relationship set, degree of relationship set, mapping cardinality, 1-1, 1-m, m-n relationship set (one to one, one to many, many to many), participation, partial or total participation, weak entity sets, discriminator attributes, specialization and generalization6.实体关系数据模型,ER图,复合属性,单值和多值属性,派生属性,二元关系集,关系集,映射基数的程度,1-1, 1-米,MN关系集合(一对一,一对多,多对多),参与局部或全部参与,弱实体集,分辨符属性,特化和概化11. 函数依赖理论：functional dependence, normalization, lossless join (or lossless) decomposition,First Normal Form (1NF), the third normal form (3NF), Boyce-codd normal form (BCNF), R satisfies F, F holds on R, Dependency preservation 保持依赖,Trivial, closure of a set of functional dependencies 函数依赖集的闭包,closure of a set of attributes 属性集闭包,Armstrong 's axioms Armstrong 公理,reflexivity rule 自反律,augmentation rule,增广率, transitivity 传递律,restriction of F to R i F 在Ri 上的限定,canonical cover 正那么覆盖, extraneous attributes 无关属性,decomposition algorithm 分解算法.7.函数依赖,标准化,无损连接〔或无损〕分解,第一范式〔1NF〕,第三范式〔3NF〕 BC范式〔BCNF〕, R满足F, F持有R,依赖保存,平凡,一组函数依赖封闭,一组属性,8. 事务：transition, ACID properties ACID特性,并发限制系统concurrency control system,故障恢复系统recovery system,事务状态transition state,活动的active,局部提交的partiallycommitted,失败的failed,中止的aborted,提交的committed,已结束的terminated,调度schedule,操作冲突conflict of operations, 冲突等价conflict equivalence,冲突可串彳f化conflictserializablity ,可串行化顺序serializablity order,联级回滚cascading rollback,封锁协议lockingprotocol ,共享〔S〕锁shared-mode lock 〔S-lock〕,排他〔X〕锁exclusive -mode lock 〔X-lock〕, 相容卜i compatibility,两阶段封锁协议2-phase locking protocol,意向锁intention lock,时间戳timestamp, 恢复机制recovery scheme,日志log, 基于日志的恢复log-based recovery, 延迟的修改deferredmodification,立即的修改immediate modification,检查点checkpoint.数据库系统DBS Database System数据库系统应用Database system applications文件处理系统file-processing system数据不一致性data inconsistency——致性约束consistency constraint数据抽象Data Abstraction实例instance模式schema物理模式physical schema逻辑模式logical schema物理数据独立性physical data independence数据方^型data model实体-联系模型entity-relationship model 〔E-R〕关系数据模型relational data model基于对象的数据模型object-based data model半结构化数据模型semistructured data model数据库语言database language数据定义语言data-definition language数据操纵语言data-manipulation language查询语言query language元数据metadata应用程序application program标准化normalization数据字典data dictionary存储治理器storage manager查询治理器query processor事务transaction原子性atomicity故障恢复failure recovery并发限制concurrency-control两层和三层数据库体系结构two-tier/three-tier数据才2掘data mining数据库治理员DBA database administrator表table关系relation元组tuple空值null value数据库模式database schema数据库实例database instance关系模式relation schema关系实例relation instance码keys超码super key候选码candidate key主码primary key外码foreign key参照关系referencing relation被参照关系referenced relation属性attribute域domain原子域atomic domain参照完整性约束referential integrity constraint模式图schema diagram查询语言query language过程化语言procedural language非过程化语言nonprocedural language关系运算operations on relations选择元组selection of tuples选择属性selection of attributes自然连接natural join笛卡尔积Cartesian product集合运算set operations关系代数relational algebraSQL 查询语言SQL query structureSelect 字句select clauseFrom 字句from clauseWhere 字句where clause自然连接运算natural join operationAs 字句as clauseOrder by 字句order by clause相关名称 (相关变量,元组变量) correlation name (correlation variable , tuple variable ) 集合运算set operationsUnionInterestExcept空值null values真值"unknown " truth “ unknown 〞聚集函数aggregate functionsavg, min, max, sum, countgroup byhaving嵌套子查询nested subqueries集合比拟set comparisons{ «,? 二 ,〉〉,?=}{some , all}existsuniquelateral 字句lateral clausewith 字句with clause标量子查询scalar subquery数据库彳修改database modification删除deletion插入insertion更新updating参照完整性referential integrity参照完整T约束referential Hntegrity constraint 或子集依赖subset dependency 可延迟的deferrable断言assertion连接类型join types内连接和夕卜连接inner and outer join左外连接、右外连接和全外连接left、right and full outer joinNatural连接条件、using连接条件和on连接条件natural using and so on 视图定义view definition物化视图materialized views视图更新view update事务transactions提交commit work回滚roll back work原子事务atomic transaction完整性约束integrity constraints域约束domain constraints唯——性约束unique constraintCheck 字句check clause参照完整性referential integrity级联删除cascading delete级联更新cascading updates断言assertions日期和时间类型date and time types默认值default values索弓I index大对象large object用户定义类型user-defined types域domains目录catalogs模式schemas授权authorization权卜M privileges选择select插入insert更新update所有权限all privileges授予权卜M granting of privileges收回权卜M revoking of privileges授予权限的权限privileges to privilegesGrant option角色roles视图授权authorization on views执行授权execute authorization调用者权限invoker privileges行级授权row-level authorizationJDBCODBC预备语句prepared statements 访问元数据accessing metadata SQL 注入SQL injection 嵌入式SQL embedded SQL 游标cursors 可更新的游标updatable cursors 动态SQL dynamic SQL SQL 函数SQL functions 存储过程stored procedures 过程化结构procedural constructs夕卜部语言例程external language routines触发器triggerBefore 和after 触发器before and after triggers过渡变量和过渡表transition variables and tables递归查询recursive queries单调查询monotonic queries排名函数ranking functionsRankDense rankPartition by分窗windowing联机分析处理〔OLAP 〕 online analytical processing多维数据multidimensional data度量属性measure attributes维属性dimension attributes转轴pivoting数据立方体data cube切片和切块slicing and dicing上卷和下钻rollup and drill down交叉表cross-tabulation第七章实体-联系数据模型Entity-relationship data model实体和实体集entity and entity set属性attribute域domain简单和复合属T生simple and composite attributes单值和多值属T生single-valued and multivalued attributes空值null value派生属性derived attribute超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key联系和联系集relationship and relationship set二元联系集binary relationship set联系集的度degree of relationship set描述性属性descriptive attributes超码、候选码以及主码super key ,candidate key, and primary key角色role自环联系集recursive relationship setE-R 图E-R diagram映射基数mapping cardinality——对——联系one-to-one relationship——对多联系one-to-many relationship多对——联系many-to-one relationship多对多联系many-to-many relationship参与participation全部参与total participation局部参与partial participation弱实体集和强实体集weak entity sets and strong entity sets分辨符属性discriminator attributes标识联系identifying relationship特化和概化specialization and generalization超类和子类superclass and subclass属性继承attribute inheritance单和多继承single and multiple inheritance条件定义的和用户定义的成员资格condition-defined and userdefined membership 不相交概化和重叠概化disjoint and overlapping generalization全部概化和局部概化total and partial generalization聚集aggregationUMLUML 类图UML class diagram第八章E-R 模型和标准化E-R model and normalization分解decomposition函数依赖functional dependencies无损分解lossless decomposition原子域atomic domains第一范式(1NF) first normal form(1NF)合法关系legal relations超码super keyR 满足 F R satisfies FF在R上成立 F holds on RBoyce-Codd 范式BCNF Boyce-Codd normal form(BCNF)保持依赖dependency preservation第三范式(3NF) third normal form(3NF)平凡的函数依赖thivial functional dependencies函数依赖集的闭包closure of a set of functional dependenciesArmstrong 公理Armstrong s axioms属性集闭包closure of attribute setsF 在Ri 上的限定restriction of F to Ri正贝 1 覆盖canonical cover无关属T生extraneous attributesBCNF 分解算法BCNF decomposition algorithm3NF 分解算法3NF decomposition algorithm多值依赖multivalued dependencies第四范式(4NF) fourth normal form(4NF)多值依赖的限定restriction of a multivalued independency投影-连接范式(PJNF) project-join normal form(PJNF)域-码范式(DKNF ) domain-key normal form(DKNF)泛关系universal relation唯一角色假设unique-role assumption 去标准化denormalization。

常见英文数据库介绍

常见英文数据库介绍AACM Digital Library收录了美国计算机协会（Association for Computing Machinery）的各种电子期刊、会议录、快报等文献AGRICOLA 农业参考文献数据库，涉及美国农业和生命科学等领域，提供了1970年至今的重要农业信息。

American Chemical Society美国化学学会全文期刊数据库American Mathematics Society 美国数学学会数据库，世界上最权威的数学学术团体，数据库内容涉及数学及数学在统计学、工程学、物理学、经济学、生物学、运筹学、计算机科学中的应用等American Physical Society (APS) 美国物理学会数据库，为用户提供期刊的在线阅读。

Annual Reviews为全世界的科学团体服务，提供由著名科学家撰写的评论。

Annual Reviews分生物医学、物理学和社会科学三个主题，共出版29种期刊。

ASCE The American Society of Civil Engineers美国土木工程师协会数据库ASME Technical Journal 美国机械工程师学会数据库。

美国机械工程师学会,主持着世界上最大的技术出版之一，制定各种工业和制造业行业标准。

由于工程领域各学科间交叉性不断增长，ASME出版物也相应提供了跨学科前沿科技的资讯。

BBeilstein/Gmelin crossfire以电子方式提供包含可供检索的化学结构和化学反应、相关的化学和物理性质，以及详细的药理学和生态学数据在内的最全面的信息资源。

BIOSIS Previews世界上最大的关于生命科学的文摘索引数据库。

Blackwell 英国Blackwell(英文文献期刊)()Blackwell出版公司是世界上最大的期刊出版商之一(总部设在英国伦敦的牛津)，以出版国际性期刊为主，包含很多非英美地区出版的英文期刊。

数据库系统英文文献

Database Systems1. Fundamental Concepts of DatabaseDatabase and database technology are having a major impact on the growing use of computers. It is fair to say that database will play a critical role in almost all areas where computers are used, including business, engineering, medicine, law, education, and library science, to name a few. The word "database" is in such common use that we must begin by defining what a database is. Our initial definition is quit general.A database is a collection of related data. By data, we mean known facts that can be recorded and that have implicit meaning. For example, consider the names, telephone numbers, and addresses of all the people you know. Y ou may have recorded this data in an indexed address book, or you may have stored it on a diskette using a personal computer and software such as DBASE III or Lotus 1-2-3. This is a collection of related data with an implic it meaning and hence is a database.The above definition of database is quite general; for example, we may consider the collection of words that make up thispage of text to be related data and hence a database. However, the common use of the term database is usually more restricted.A database has the following implicit properties:.A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning. A random assortment of data cannot bereferred to as a database..A database is designed, built, and populated with data for a specific purpose. It has an intended group of users and somepreconceived applications in which these users are interested..A database represents some aspect of the real world, sometimes called the mini world. Changes to the mini world are reflected in the database.In other words, a database has some source from which data are derived, some degree of interaction with events in the real world, and an audience that is actively interested in the contents of the database.A database can be of any size and of varying complexity. For example, the list of names and addresses referred to earlier may have only a couple of hundred records in it, each with asimple structure. On the other hand, the card catalog of a large library may contain half a million cards stored under different categories-by primary author’s last name, by subject, by book title, and the like-with each category organized in alphabetic order. A database of even greater size and complexity may be that maintained by the Internal Revenue Service to keep track of the tax forms filed by taxpayers of the United States. If we assume that there are 100million taxpayers and each taxpayer files an average of five forms with approximately 200 characters of information per form, we would get a database of 100*(106)*200*5 characters(bytes) of information. Assuming the IRS keeps the past three returns for each taxpayer in addition to the current return, we would get a database of 4*(1011) bytes. This huge amount of information must somehow be organized and managed so that users can search for, retrieve, and update the data as needed.A database may be generated and maintained manually or by machine. Of course, in this we are mainly interested in computerized database. The library card catalog is an example of a database that may be manually created and maintained. A computerized database may be created and maintained either by a group of application programs written specifically for that task or by a database management system.A data base management system (DBMS) is a collection of programs that enables users to create and maintain a database. The DBMS is hence a general-purpose software system that facilitates the processes of defining, constructing, and manipulating databases for various applications. Defining a database involves specifying the types of data to be stored in the database, along with a detailed description of each type of data. Constructing the database is the process of storing the data itself on some storage medium that is controlled by the DBMS. Manipulating a database includes such functions as querying the database to retrieve specific data, updating the database to reflect changes in the mini world, and generating reports from the data.Note that it is not necessary to use general-purpose DBMS software for implementing a computerized database. We could write our own set of programs to create and maintain the database, in effect creating our own special-purpose DBMS software. In either case-whether we use a general-purpose DBMS or not-we usually have a considerable amount of software to manipulate the database in addition to the database itself. The database and software are together called a database system.2. Data ModelsOne of the fundamental characteristics of the database approach is that it provides some level of data abstraction by hiding details of data storage that are not needed by most database users. A data model is the main tool for providing this abstraction. A data is a set of concepts that can beused to describe the structure of a database. By structure of a database, we mean the data types, relationships, and constraints that should hold on the data. Most data models also include a set of operations for specifying retrievals and updates on the database.Categories of Data ModelsMany data models have been proposed. We can categorize data models based on the types of concepts they provide to describe the database structure. High-level or conceptual data models provide concepts that are close to the way many users perceive data, whereas low-level or physical data models provide concepts that describe the details of how data is stored in the computer. Concepts provided by low-level data models are generally meant for computer specialists, not for typical end users. Between these two extremes is a class of implementation data models, which provide concepts that may be understood by end users but that are not too far removed from the way data is organized within the computer. Implementation data models hide some details of data storage but can be implemented on a computer system in a direct way.High-level data models use concepts such as entities, attributes, and relationships. An entity is an object that is represented in the database. An attribute is a property that describes some aspect of an object. Relationships among objects are easily represented in high-level data models, which are sometimes called object-based models because they mainly describe objects and their interrelationships.Implementation data models are the ones used most frequently in current commerc ial DBMSs and include the three most widely used data models-relational, network, and hierarchical. They represent data using record structures and hence are sometimes called record-based data modes.Physical data models describe how data is stored in the computer by representing information such as record formats, record orderings, and access paths. An access path is a structure that makes the search for particular database records much faster.3. Classification of Database Management SystemsThe main criterion used to classify DBMSs is the data model on which the DBMS is based. The data models used most often in current commercial DBMSs are the relational, network, and hierarchical models. Some recent DBMSs are based on conceptual or object-oriented models. We will categorize DBMSs as relational, hierarchical, and others.Another criterion used to classify DBMSs is the number of users supported by the DBMS. Single-user systems support only one user at a time and are mostly used with personal computer. Multiuser systems include the majority of DBMSs and support many users concurrently.A third criterion is the number of sites over which the database is distributed. Most DBMSs are centralized, meaning that their data is stored at a single computer site. A centralized DBMS can support multiple users, but the DBMS and database themselves reside totally at a single computer site. A distributed DBMS (DDBMS) can have the actual database and DBMS software distributed over many sites connected by a computer network. Homogeneous DDBMSs use the same DBMS software at multiple sites. A recent trend is to develop software to access several autonomous preexisting database stored under heterogeneous DBMSs. This leads to a federated DBMS (or multidatabase system),, where the participating DBMSs are loosely coupled and have a degree of local autonomy.We can also classify a DBMS on the basis of the types of access paty options available for storing files. One well-known family of DBMSs is based on inverted file structures. Finally, a DBMS can be general purpose of special purpose. When performance is a prime consideration, a special-purpose DBMS can be designed and built for a specific application and cannot be used for other applications, Many airline reservations and telephone directory systems are special-purpose DBMSs.Let us briefly discuss the main criterion for classifying DBMSs: the data mode. The relational data model represents a database as a collection of tables, which look like files. Mos t relational databases have high-level query languages and support a limited form of user views.The network model represents data as record types and also represents a limited type of 1:N relationship, called a set type. The network model, also known as the CODASYL DBTG model, has an associated record-at-a-time language that must be embedded in a host programming language.The hierarchical model represents data as hierarchical tree structures. Each hierarchy represents a number of related records. There is no standard language for the hierarchical model, although most hierarchical DBMSs have record-at-a-time languages.4. Client-Server ArchitectureMany varieties of modern software use a client-server architecture, in which requests by one process (the client) are sent to another process (the server) for execution. Database systems are no exception. In the simplest client/server architecture, the entire DBMS is a server, except for the query interfaces that interact with the user and send queries or other commands across to the server. For example, relational systems generally use the SQL language for representing requests from the client to the server. The database server then sends the answer, in the form of a table or relation, back to the client. The relationship between client and server can get more work in theclient, since the server will e a bottleneck if there are many simultaneous database users.。

英文数据库SCIE的介绍

数据库简介
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• SCIE的重要性
严格的选刊标准和评估程序挑选刊源。目前，它已成为国内外学术界制定学
科发展规划和进行学术排名的重要依据。
SCIE不仅作为一部文献检索工具使用，而且成为科研评价的一种依据。科研
机构被SCIE收录的论文总量，反映整个机构的科研、尤其是基础研究的水平；个人的论文被SCIE收录的数量及被引用次数，反映他的研究能力与学术水平。
排除含有某一特定关键字的数据标题=ArtificialIntelligenceNOTgeneticalgorithm 检索含有“ArtificialIntelligence”的数据，排除含有“geneticalgorithm”的文献
检索技术--邻近检索，NEAR
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NEAR/x
使用 NEAR/x可查找由该运算符连接的检索词之间相隔指定数量的单词的记录。该规则也适用于单词处于不同字段的情况。
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布尔检索（and,or,not）邻近检索（near/x,SAME）截词检索（*,$,?）精确短语检索（“”）词形还原检索（Lemmatization）逻辑算符及其先后次序
英文数据库SCIE的介绍
主讲人：知识服务中心雷琴
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英文数据库介绍及使用

• 美国科学信息出版公司出版发行、基于网络服务的文献信息检索系统 • 剑桥科学文摘（CSA）有多个主题领域，每个主题下对应多个数据库。主题范围为：航空航天科学；农业科学；水生生物科学；生物学及医学；计算机技术；工程；地球与环境科学；材料科学；市场研究；社会科学。检索结果为文献的题录文摘信息。
英数据库： OCLC CSA EI PQDD • 专业性数据库银盘（Webspirs） INSPEC
综合性数据库-OCLC
• OCLC（Online Computer Library Center），即图书馆联机计算机中心，是世界上最大的提供文献信息服务的机构之一。创建于1967年，据 2000 2000年底统计，用户已有82个国家和地区的 82
外文文献检索实习要求：
• 根据需要选用一种数据库进行检索，注明选用的数据库名称，检索词（须使用两个或两个以上检索词进行逻辑组配），及检索结果。 • 摘抄一条检索结果。
世界三大农业文献数据库：
CABI 国际农业和生物技术文摘：由国际农业和国际农业和生物技术文摘：生物科学中心CABI编辑，收录编辑，生物科学中心编辑收录120多个国家和多个国家和地区用70多种文字发表的农多种文字发表的农、地区用多种文字发表的农、林、生命科学文以文摘为主。献。以文摘为主。 AGRICOLA 美国农业文献索引：主要收录美国美国农业文献索引：农业图书馆编辑的书目型数据库（题录），），主农业图书馆编辑的书目型数据库（题录），主要收录美国和北美地区，要收录美国和北美地区，以及其它国家的各种类型的文献，以题录为主。类型的文献，以题录为主 AGRIS 国际农业文献索引：由FAO生产，收录国际农业文献索引：生产，生产 135个国家和地区的个国家和地区的146个AGRIS中心农业文献个国家和地区的个中心农业文献发展中国家为主），题录和文摘。），题录和文摘（发展中国家为主），题录和文摘。

常见英文数据库介绍

常见英文数据库介绍AACM Digital Library收录了美国计算机协会（Association for Computing Machinery）的各种电子期刊、会议录、快报等文献AGRICOLA 农业参考文献数据库，涉及美国农业和生命科学等领域，提供了1970年至今的重要农业信息。

American Chemical Society美国化学学会全文期刊数据库American Mathematics Society 美国数学学会数据库，世界上最权威的数学学术团体，数据库内容涉及数学及数学在统计学、工程学、物理学、经济学、生物学、运筹学、计算机科学中的应用等American Physical Society (APS) 美国物理学会数据库，为用户提供期刊的在线阅读。

Annual Reviews为全世界的科学团体服务，提供由著名科学家撰写的评论。

Annual Reviews分生物医学、物理学和社会科学三个主题，共出版29种期刊。

ASCE The American Society of Civil Engineers美国土木工程师协会数据库ASME Technical Journal 美国机械工程师学会数据库。

美国机械工程师学会,主持着世界上最大的技术出版之一，制定各种工业和制造业行业标准。

由于工程领域各学科间交叉性不断增长，ASME出版物也相应提供了跨学科前沿科技的资讯。

BBeilstein/Gmelin crossfire以电子方式提供包含可供检索的化学结构和化学反应、相关的化学和物理性质，以及详细的药理学和生态学数据在内的最全面的信息资源。

BIOSIS Previews世界上最大的关于生命科学的文摘索引数据库。

Blackwell 英国Blackwell(英文文献期刊)()Blackwell出版公司是世界上最大的期刊出版商之一(总部设在英国伦敦的牛津)，以出版国际性期刊为主，包含很多非英美地区出版的英文期刊。

数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版 PPT 第11章

11.8
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
Sparse Index Files (Cont.)
Compared to dense indices:

Less space and less maintenance overhead for insertions and deletions. Generally slower than dense index for locating records.
Database System Concepts - 6th Edition
11.3
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
Index Evaluation Metrics
Access types supported efficiently. E.g.,

records with a specified value in the attribute or records with an attribute value falling in a specified range of values.
actual records with that particular search-key value.
Secondary indices have to be dense
Database System Concepts - 6th Edition 11.10 ©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
value in the file.
E.g. index on ID attribute of instructor relation

数据库系统概念(英文精编版.第六版)

Atomicity of updates
Failures
may lead to inconsistencies (1) account_A = account_A – 100 (2) account_B = account_B + 100
Example:

Concurrent access by multiple users
Exercises
Computer users interacts with data in the _______ level A. physical B. logical C. view D. all of the above Application users interact with data in the _______ level. A. physical B. logical C. view D. all of the above How the data are actually stored is called _______ A. Physical level B. Logical level C. View level D. Conceptual level
property is called ( )
A. Data inconsistency C. Data isolation B. Data redundancy D. Data integrity
1.3 View of Data
Hierarchy of Abstraction Levels
Three Abstraction Levels of Data
机械工业出版社
本课程学习内容
关系数据模型关系数据库语言

Ebsco数据库介绍

果数量以及检索结果的显示格式〔摘要格式或详细内容〕。 Help：在线帮助。
检索方法
根本检索〔Basic Search〕高级检索〔Advanced Search〕下设辅助检索项：－关键词检索〔Keyword〕－期刊浏览检索〔Publications〕－主题词辅助索引〔Subject Terms〕－索引检索〔Indexes〕－引文检索〔Cited References〕－图像检索〔Images〕 *注意：各数据库的辅助检索项不一定相同；另外，
68
273 电学
64 文学和文艺评论
261
184 能源
21 海洋学
60
57 工程技术
289 数学
126
44 环境科学
264 医学
775
256 种族和文化研究
204 音乐
35
114 食品与营养学
77 护理学
163
37 同性恋研究
40 哲学
133
511 性学
107 物理学
133

106 科学通论
106 政治和政治学
此数据库由EBSCOhost进行每日更新。
数据库访问
杭电校园网范围内IP可以直接访问，无需输入帐号与口令〔教师校外访问可使用代理效劳器，具体方法请咨询图书馆技术部〕。
浏览/打印期刊全文〔PDF格式〕需要使用 Acrobat Reader软件。
可通过图书馆主页进行访问。
图书馆主页
点击进入
此数据库由EBSCOhost进行每日更新。
Professional Development Collection
此数据库专为职业教育者而设计，是世界上最全面的全文教育期刊集，它提供了550多种非常专业的全文期刊，包括350多个同行评审刊，另外还包含200多份教育报告。除提供全文外，PDC还提供900多种期刊的索引及文摘。

数据库系统概念(英文精编版.第六版)ch7 E-R Model

Example: instructor = (ID, name, street, city, salary ) course= (course_id, title, credits)
Domain – the set of permitted values for each attribute Attribute types:
Mapping Cardinality（映射基数）
Express the number of entities to which another entity can
be associated via a relationship set.
Most useful in describing binary relationship sets. For a binary relationship set R between entity sets A and
Entity-Relationship Model
The E-R model is a widely used data model for database
design.
It provides a convenient graphical representation to view
data, relationships and constraints.

Simple and composite attributes.
Single-valued and multi-valued attributes

Example: multivalued attribute: phone_numbers Can be computed from other attributes Example: age, given date_of_birth

INSPEC数据库介绍

Inspec 数据库特点
“科学文摘”历史悠久，收录的文献品质高，文献数据量大，文献类性齐全，语种多，数据规范性好、分类及索引系统完备。数据库与印刷版相比，具有更多检索字段，并将四大重点学科集为一体，检索更灵活方便
Inspec 检索方法
该网络版基于ISI Web of Knowledge平台，其检索方法可分为基本检索和高级检索 1.基本检索有十一个检索字段和检索框，
检索出的结果可进行逻辑检索，检索例： #1 and #2, #1 not #2
高级检索
组合检索
点击可见结果
检索历史
保存检索策略
保存
完成
调用历史策略
输入e-mail 输入密码
新用户注册
调用策略
运行
检索结果处理
1.全选 2.提交
点击Mar报服务
分类检索
INSPEC有一个比较完整的分类体系，类目设置详细，分类标引深度大。
可通过分类索引找到某个专业的分类号，然后通过分类号，查找某个专业的文献。例：
如用“B7630B” 来检索，则会检索到B7630B（Power suoolies）方面的记录
特殊检索式
检索D2O+ ：电子态的输入法：检索式为D/sub 2/sup/+ 例 B2Σ
U +
B/sup 2/sigma/sub u/sup +
高级检索与组合检索
能快速进行复杂检索，
输入检索式，格式：字段代码 = 检索
检索例： TS=lidar* AND AU=Edner H* CI=air traffic control AND AD=Japan
AU=(Ohashi T* AND Yamasaki N*)

数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版 PPT 第15章

requesting and releasing locks. Locking protocols restrict the set of possible schedules.
Database System Concepts - 6th Edition
15.5
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
The Two-Phase Locking Protocol (Cont.)
There can be conflict serializable schedules that cannot be obtained if
two-phase locking is used.
However, in the absence of extra information (e.g., ordering of access
to data), two-phase locking is needed for conflict serializability in the following sense: Given a transaction Ti that does not follow two-phase locking, we can find a transaction Tj that uses two-phase locking, and a schedule for Ti and Tj that is not conflict serializable.
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
Lock-Based Protocols (Cont.)
Lock-compatibility matrix

外文文摘型数据库介绍

查找索引(Look-up Indexes)

可帮助用户选择用于检索的适宜词语。在快速检索中,Compendex数据库有作者（Author）、作者单位（Author affiliation）、刊名（Serial title）、 Ei 受控词（Ei controlled term）、出版商（Publisher）索引。点击页面右边浏览索引框旁边的按钮，选择想用的索引，然后点击浏览（Browse)按钮，相应的索引则会出现．

Байду номын сангаас
更通俗地讲, RSS就是一种简单的信息发布和传递方式,使得一个网站可以方便地调用其它提供RSS 订阅服务的网站的内容,从而形成“新闻聚合”,让网站发布的内容在更大的范围内传播。对于用户来说, RSS是一种订阅机制,就像订报纸、杂志。通过这种订阅机制,您可以订阅任何喜欢的内容,例如: 门户网站的新闻、Blog、论坛帖子等。对于内容提供者来说, RSS是一种直接把指定的网站的最新内容送到用户眼前的技术,被称为简易信息聚合 (Re a lly Simp le Synd ica tion) 。提供RSS输出,有利于让用户发现网站内容的更新,保持信息的到达。

NTIS（National Technical Information Service） NTIS出版的美国政府报告通报与索引数据库是一个重要的信息资源，主要收集了1964年以来美国国防部、能源部、内务部、宇航局（NASA）、环境保护局、国家标准局等国家、州及地方政府部门立项研究完成的项目报告，少量收录世界各国（如加拿大、法国、日本、芬兰、英国、瑞典、澳大利亚、荷兰、意大利）和国际组织的科学研究报告，包括项目进展过程中所做的初期报告、中期报告和最终报告等，能够及时反映科技的最新进展。该数据库每年新增约60,000条数据。

数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版第一章

l Network model l H i e r a r c h i c a l model
Relational Model
n R e l a t i o n a l model (Chapter 2)
• Columns
n Example of t a b u l a r d a t a i n t h e r e l a t i o n a l model
n Two c l a s s e s of languages l Procedural – u s e r s p e c i f i e s what d a t a i s r e q u i r e d and how t o get those data l Declarative (nonprocedural) – user specifies what data i s r e q u i r e d without s p e c i f y i n g how t o g e t those data
l Difficulty in accessing data 4 Need t o w r i t e a new program t o c a r r y out each new t a s k
l Data i s o l a t i o n — multiple f i l e s and formats l Integrity problems
l Concurrent access by multiple users 4 Concurrent access needed f o r performance 4 Uncontrolled concurrent accesses can lead to inconsistencies – Example: Two people reading a balance (say 100) and updating i t by withdrawing money (say 50 each) a t the same time

数据库系统概念(英文精编版第六版)ch5AdvancedSQL

Chapter 5: Advanced SQL
5.1 Accessing SQL From a Programming
Language
5.2 Function and Procedures 5.3 Triggers
Chapter 5: Advanced SQL
教学目的:

了解数据库API 掌握用SQL编写函数和过程掌握触发器的概念，用SQL编写触发器
5.1.1 JDBC Code Example
public static void JDBCexample(String dbid, String userid, String passwd) {
char deptname[80]; float salary; int lenOut1, lenOut2; HSTMT stmt; char * sqlquery = "select dept_name, sum (salary) from instructor group by dept_name"; SQLAllocStmt(conn, &stmt); /* send SQL commands to the database */ error = SQLExecDirect(stmt, sqlquery, SQL_NTS); if (error == SQL_SUCCESS) { /* bind C language variables to attributes of the query result */
JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) works with Java
5.1.2 ODBC Code Example
void ODBCexample() { RETCODE error; HENV env; HDBC conn;

数据库系统概念(英文精编版.第六版)

Attributes
Attribute Domain

The set of allowed values for each attribute is called the domain of the attribute
The special value null is a member of every domain
Instructor_schema = (ID, name, dept_name, salary)
r(R) is a relation on the relation schema R
We use lowercase names for relations.
Example: instructor (Instructor _schema)
2.5 Relational Query Languages
2.6 Relational Operations
Chapter 2: Relational Model
教学目的：

熟悉关系数据模型
教学重点：

简单属性、多值属性、复合属性
关系、关系模式、码等概念关系模式图关系代数的操作
?简单属性多值属性复合属性?关系关系模式码等概念?关系模式图?关系代数的操作?教学难点
Chapter 2: Relational Model
2.1 Structure of Relational Databases 2.2 Database Schema 2.3 Keys 2.4 Schema Diagrams
referenced relation
Exercise: 找出左图里面
存在的其他外码、参照关系和被参照关系

数据库管理系统英文名缩写

Database Management System AbbreviationA Database Management System (DBMS) is a software program that allows users to access, manipulate, and manage databases efficiently. The importance of a DBMS lies in its ability to provide a way to store and organize data in a structured manner, making it easier to retrieve and utilize information when needed.Evolution of DBMSThe concept of a DBMS dates back to the 1960s when the need for efficient data management became evident. Early systems were primarily focused on hierarchical and network models, which were later replaced by the more flexible and widely used relational model introduced in the 1970s. With the advancement of technology, new types of DBMS have emerged, including object-oriented, NoSQL, and NewSQL databases, each designed to cater to different data storage and retrieval needs.Importance of DBMS in Modern BusinessIn today’s digital age, data has become a crucial asset for businesses of all sizes.A well-designed DBMS helps organizations efficiently store, manage, and analyze large volumes of data, enabling them to make informed decisions and gain a competitive edge in the market. Additionally, DBMS provides data security measures to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access, ensuring compliance with privacy regulations.Commonly Used DBMS Abbreviations1.RDBMS: Relational Database Management System2.NoSQL: Not Only SQL3.ODBC: Open Database Connectivity4.SQL: Structured Query Language5.DB: Database6.ACID: Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability7.DML: Data Manipulation Language8.DDL: Data Definition LanguageAdvantages of Using a DBMS1.Data Integrity: DBMS helps maintain the accuracy and consistency ofdata stored in the database.2.Data Security: DBMS offers robust security features to protectsensitive information from unauthorized access.3.Scalability: DBMS allows businesses to scale their database systemsas their data storage requirements grow.4.Efficient Data Retrieval: With optimized indexing and queryingmechanisms, DBMS enables users to retrieve information quickly.5.Data Backup and Recovery: DBMS provides mechanisms for databackup and recovery, ensuring data availability in case of system failures.Future Trends in DBMSAs technology continues to evolve, the future of DBMS is expected to witness advancements in areas such as cloud-based databases, big data management, and real-time data processing. With the rise of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and the increasing volume of data generated, DBMS will play a crucial role in enabling data-driven decision-making and innovation across various industries.ConclusionIn conclusion, a Database Management System (DBMS) serves as a cornerstone for efficient data management in modern businesses. By utilizing the right DBMS, organizations can streamline their data operations, enhance data security, and gain valuable insights for strategic decision-making. As the volume and complexity of data continue to grow, the role of DBMS will be pivotal in ensuring data integrity, scalability, and performance in the digital age.。

数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版 PPT 第五章

"select * from instructor where name = ‟" + name + "‟" Suppose the user, instead of entering a name, enters: X‟ or ‟Y‟ = ‟Y then the resulting statement becomes: "select * from instructor where name = ‟" + "X‟ or ‟Y‟ = ‟Y" + "‟" which is: select * from instructor where name = ‟X‟ or ‟Y‟ = ‟Y‟ User could have even used X‟; update instructor set salary = salary + 10000; - Prepared statement internally uses: "select * from instructor where name = ‟X\‟ or \‟Y\‟ = \‟Y‟ Always use prepared statements, with user inputs as parameters
How is this useful?
Database System Concepts - 6th Edition
5.10
©Silberschatz, Korth and Sudarshan
Metadata (Cont)
Database metadata DatabaseMetaData dbmd = conn.getMetaData();

mysql介绍300字

mysql介绍300字
MySQL是一种开源的关系型数据库管理系统（RDBMS），由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发，后被Sun Microsystems收购，最终成为Oracle Corporation的一部分。

它是世界上最流行和广泛使用的数据库之一，被广泛应用于Web应用程序开发中。

MySQL的特点之一是其开放源代码的本质，使其成为许多开发者和组织的首选数据库解决方案。

它支持多种操作系统，包括Linux、Windows和macOS，为用户提供了灵活性和跨平台性。

MySQL广泛应用于各种应用场景，包括网站开发、企业级应用、嵌入式系统等。

它能够处理大量的数据并提供高性能，同时具有良好的可扩展性，使其成为处理复杂数据管理任务的理想选择。

总体而言，MySQL作为一款稳定、高性能且开源的数据库管理系统，在数据库领域取得了巨大成功。

其灵活性、可定制性以及强大的社区支持，使其成为许多开发者和企业首选的数据库解决方案。

数据库系统英文介绍

(完整版)数据库重要术语(中英文)

常见英文数据库介绍

数据库系统英文文献

英文数据库SCIE的介绍

英文数据库介绍及使用

常见英文数据库介绍

数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版 PPT 第11章

数据库系统概念(英文精编版.第六版)

Ebsco数据库介绍

数据库系统概念(英文精编版.第六版)ch7 E-R Model

INSPEC数据库介绍

数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版 PPT 第15章

外文文摘型数据库介绍

数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版 第一章

数据库系统概念(英文精编版第六版)ch5AdvancedSQL

数据库系统概念(英文精编版.第六版)

数据库管理系统英文名缩写

数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版 PPT 第五章

mysql介绍300字

数据库系统概念(database system concepts)英文第六版第一章