人教版英语八年级下册 知识点笔记

Unit1 What’s the matter?

1.What’s the matter with sb?

常用来询问别人怎么了，也用于医生询问病人有什么不舒服。

= What’s the trouble with sb

= What’s the problem with sb?

= What’s wrong with sb

=What happened to sb?

2.常见的患病表达：

1.Have a +身体部位+ache. I have a headache.

2.Have a+sore+身体部位I have a sore back.

3.Have a+ 病症She has a cold.

4.There is something wrong with +one’s+身体部位。

There is something wrong with my head. 我的头不舒服。

3.Should 情态动词，（can, may, must , could, will, would等）

Should+动词原形；

一般疑问句: Should +主语+V原形。。。。？

一般疑问句的回答：Yes，主语（对应人代）+should.

No, 主语（对应人代）+shouldn’t.

否定句：主语+shouldn’t+V原形。。。。。

特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+should+主语+V原形？

4.反身代词的构成

由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称代词宾格加self或selves组成，意为“本人；亲自；自己”

一/二人称：My self, our selves, your self, your selves, 三人称：him self, her self, it self, them selves.

常见词组: learn sth by oneself 自学help oneself to…随便吃….

Enjoy oneself 玩得开心

5.lie,动词：撒谎，lied, lied, lying 名词: 谎言

lie，平躺，lay, lain, lying lie down 躺下

lay, 下蛋，布置，laid, laid, laying.

6.Without, 做介词，意为“没有；无”反义词为“with”后接名词

/代词宾格/动名词

7.动词固定搭配：

1.be used to doing sth…习惯做某事

2.have problems(in) doing sth 做某事有困难

=have difficulty (in) doing sth

=have trouble(in) doing sth.

3.mean doing sth 意为着做某事

mean to do sth 打算做某事

词汇（红色为重要词汇）：

1.have a cold 感冒

2.have a fever 发烧

3.have a sore back 背痛

4.have a stomachache 胃痛

5.lie down and rest 躺下休息

6.see a dentist 看牙医

7.get an X-ray 拍X光片

8.take one’s temperature 量体温

9.cut oneself 割伤自己

10.put some medicine on….在。。。上敷药

11.take breaks = take a break=have a rest休息

12.in the same way 以同样的方式

13.shout for help 呼救

14.get off 下车get on 上车

15.to on e’s surprise 出乎某人的意料in surprise 吃惊地

be surprised at sth 对…感到惊讶be surprised to do sth 做某事感到惊

讶

16.thanks to….多亏了…由于…(because of..)

17.fall down (from) （从…）摔下来

18.run it under water 用水冲洗

19.put your head down 低下头

20.have a nosebleed 流鼻血

21.get hit on the head 头部撞伤

22.get sunburned 被晒伤了

23.in control of 控制

24.mean life and death 意味着生死

25.sth run out=sth is used up某物耗尽

run out of sth= use sth up 耗尽某物

26.give up 放弃

27.get into…陷入；参与get out of..从…出来

28.right away 立即，马上= at once

29.take risks 冒险=take a risk

重点单词

Matter, lie down, rest, take one’s temperature, have a stomachache, take breaks, hurt, passenger, get off, trouble, right away, get into, herself, press, sick, breathe, ourselves, climber, be used to … accident, run out of , cut off, mean, get out of, importance, decision, spirit, death, give up ,

Unit2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

1.动词不定式：to+动词原形。否定式：not to +动词原形。

1）. 作宾语，用在want, like, hope, try, r等及物动词后，构成动宾结构“V+to do….”。例如：I want to buy a bike.

(wish, start/begin,forget, remember, decide, learn , volunteer….)

2）. 作宾语补足语，用在ask, teach, tell, advise等动词后，构成“ V+ sb/sth +to do”的结构。例如：I ask Tom to bring me a book.

(order, wish, would like…..)

3）.作主语，为了避免头重脚轻，用it作句子的形式主语。（特殊句型）例如：It is important for me to study English.

4）.作表语，长位于系动词be之后。例如：My dream is to travel around the world.

5）.作定语，位于所修饰的名词或代词后。例如：Who is the last student to leave.