高考英语二轮总复习第三讲阅读理解3.4推理判断一细节推断题

“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said， looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today，I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.
4．鱼目混珠：鱼目混珠类型的干扰项常出现在词句理解类试题的选项中，即利 用某个词或句子的字面含义代替其在特定语境中的具体含义。 5．扩缩范围：为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文义范围的 限定，有时通过加上almost，all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词语对 文义加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语， 将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。
To his surprise，Akbar refused to give him the gold coins as he used lamp's energy to keep himself warm.The poor man，disappointed and hurt，informed Birbal.Birbal didn't make it to the court next day.When Akbar inquired，Birbal conveyed the message that he couldn't make it unless his khichdi (印度米豆粥)was ready.After waiting for several hours，Akbar along with his guards went to visit Birbal.Birbal had a pot of khichdi hanging from the roof of the room several feet away from the fire， Akbar asked Birbal how he expected for a fire to cook khichdi from such a distance.Birbal very intelligently replied that he used the same way the poor man received warmth from a lamp post so far away from himself.Akbar once left speechless and had to pay the poor man in the end.
A Once upon a time，Birbal and Akbar walked alongside a beautiful lake.A simple question occurred to Birbal: how far a man can go to have money？He expressed it to Akbar，who sat down and touched the water in the lake while listening to Birbal.He at once took his hand out realizing the biting cold.He exclaimed that no one would ever spend a night in this cold water for any amount of money.Birbal believed that someone could.Akbar as determined on his belief as ever challenged Birbal to bring one such person，and he would grant that man one thousand gold coins.
[分析] 本句是主从复合句。句中 that 引导的是一个宾语从句，从句中含有一个 if 引导的条件状语从句；with whom 是“介词＋关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句。
【方法点津】 明确细节推断题的干扰项特点 1．张冠李戴：即把文章中作者的观点与其他人的观点混淆在一起，题干问的是 作者的观点，选项中出现的却是其他人的观点；题干问的是其他人的观点，选项 中却出现了作者的观点。 2．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与文章中某一句话相似的句型结构和单词，却在考生 易忽视的地方换了几个单词，造成句意的改变。 3．无中生有：这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但 在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。其次，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不 相干。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“He likes that he can sit and check his
phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wБайду номын сангаасnts to have a little interaction(交流)．”可知Mazoleny与barkeeper交流时可以直
第三讲 阅读理解 第四节 推理判断(一)细节推断题
栏目 导航
母题探究 题组集训 限时训练
(2019·高考全国新课标卷Ⅱ)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
Birbal kept looking for such a man everywhere until he found one.He happened to be a poor guy desperate enough to risk a cold night to have the gold coins.
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
28. What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 about?
A. Food variety.
B. Eating habits.
C. Table manners.
D. Restaurant service.
28．推理判断题。根据第二段的统计数据可知，该段主要讲人们的用餐习惯。
答案：B
30. What do we know about Mazoleny?
A. He makes videos for the bar.
B. He's fond of the food at the bar.
C. He interviews customers at the bar. D. He's familiar with the barkeeper.
要求考生根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、 事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。在进行 推理时，要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而凭个人的看法，主观臆断。其次 要洞悉暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机；如本文第28题，如果考生不尊重原文， 只凭自己的想法，做题时就容易误选D项。
Akbar，hearing the news，sent his trusty guards to make sure that the poor guy stayed in water for the whole night.Surprisingly，the next morning，the poor man came to Akbar after completing his challenge，sound and healthy，and demanded his much awaited reward.Akbar couldn't believe it and asked how he managed to spend the whole night out there.The poor man talked about a light post that he saw around the lake which he kept in focus all night.He believed that by keeping his attention focused on the lamp，he managed to avoid thinking about the cold.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent，according to statistics from the report.
呼其名，可知他们之间是熟悉的。
答案：D
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。主要讲述了人们现在更习惯于独自用餐、享受一个 人的自由时光。这也已经成为一种趋势。 [长难句分析] He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流)．(倒数第二段第二句) 句意：他喜欢安静地坐着看手机信息，或者如果他想和酒吧服务员有一点互动 时，可以直呼其名。