不定代词和动词不定式用法小结
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不定代词的用法
1.代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词
2.some与any的区别
1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”,可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式。any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中,表示“一些”,可修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式
2)在反问句、疑问句中,表示请求、建议和希望对方得到肯定回答时,多用some.
Would you like some beer?你要不要来点啤酒吗?
Why didn’t you buy some sweets?你怎么没买点糖果?
3)any 用于肯定句时,表示是“任何的”
Come any day you like.你哪天来都行。
3)some还有表示“某个”的意思
I’ll catch up with you some day有一天我会赶上你的。
3.复合不定代词:something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).
A:作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Is there anything wrong with your watch?”“No, nothing is wrong with it
B:修饰复合不定代词的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面。
This is something special. 这是种特别的东西。
Haven’t you got anything to do? 你无事可干吗?
C:一般来说,当主语是指人的复合代词,如everybody, nobody, anybody 等时,其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词they;当前面句子中的复合代词指物,如everything, something, anything, nothing 等时,其反意疑问句后面的主语通常用代词it。如:Everyone is here, aren’t they? 人都到了,是吗?
Everything is ready, isn’t it? 一切准备好了,是吗?
Somebody is waiting for me at the gate, aren’t they? 有人在门口等我,是吗?
3.few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1)few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思;few、a few修饰可数名词或代替可数的事物, little、a little修饰不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。
He is very poor and he has little money. 他很穷,几乎没有什么钱
Don’t worry. There is st ill a little time left. 别着急,还有一点儿时间呢
In that polar region there live few people. 在那个极地地区几乎不住人
You can get a few sweets from him. 你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果
2)a little和little也可以用作副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。
I'm a little hungry.
Let him sleep a little.
3)quite a few (相当多)only a few (只有几个,几乎没有)
4、all和both, either的用法
1)all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词或不可数名词。both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词
All the food is delicious.所有的食物都很好吃。
Her parents are both doctors.她父母都是医生
2)all单独使用时,指代单数,如做主语,谓语动词用单数;指代复数,谓语动词用复数3)采用“all/both + of the +名词”的形式,其中的of 可以省略;如果“all/both + of the +代词”则不可以省略
All (of) the boys are naughty.
Both of them are studying at the same school
4) either::表示“两个中间的任何一个”,做主语,谓语动词用单数,
“either...or...”表示或者……或者……在连接并列的名词或代词时,谓语动词与or后面的主语保持一致
either作为“也”讲时,要用于否定句中,而too则用于肯定句中。
Either you or I am right.
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明
He doesn't like Beijing opera, I don't like either.
5、many和much的用法
1)many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用;much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。
I don’t have many friends here .在这里我没有很多的朋友。
Many died in the bus accident. 许多人在公交车祸中丧失
2)many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of 或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.
There are a lot of people on the playground. 操场上有许多的人
They haven’t got much work to do.他们没有多少事情可做
There are too many people in the room. 房间里人太多了
6. other,others,the other,the others,another
other:表示“其他的”,形容词,后面修饰名词的复数形式。如:
Some students are playing basketball, other students are playing tennis..
others :表示“其他的”,代词,相当于other +名词,常和some搭配使用。如: Some students are playing football, others are playing basketball.(others=other students) the other:表示两个人或物中的一个,代词,常与one 连用。如:
There are two apples. One is green, the other is red.
the others:表示范围内的另一些(范围总数通常多于两个个),代词
There are 40 students in our class, three are American, the others are Chinese. another:表示三者或三者以上的另一个,形容词或代词,后常接名词单数。如:
I have eaten an apple, but I still want another(apple)
I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.
我有个女儿。一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人。
7. neither, none
neither:A:表示否定,“两者都不”,谓语动词用单数。
B:neither...nor...既不……也不……在连接并列的名词或代词时,谓语动词与nor 后面的主语保持一致。
Neither of his parents helps him 他的父母谁也没帮助他。
Neither the twins nor I am interested English
none A:表示三个或三个以上的“都不”,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数。
None of the answers are\is right. 所有的答案都不对。
None of my friends are/is likely to come
B:由How many提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如:How many books are