长难句分析

4.分隔结抅 主谓之间或同一个成分内部插人其他内容，也会增加 理解难度。另外，形式主语和形式宾 语也可以看成这类情况。这类分割常由破折号、逗号 等造成。例如： “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. (1996 年阅读第五题） 本句的主干在逗号之外 “Scientific" creationism...is based on religion, not science,主语和谓语被两个逗 号之间的Which引导的定语从句所分隔。




2006 年 Text 1 1. In spite of „„endless talk of difference, "American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing; people. 结构剖析：本句是一个简单句，开始足句子的状诘In spite of "endless talk of difference",后面是 句子的主干。 参考译文：尽管人们“无休止地谈论相互之间的差 别”，美国社会仍然是同化人们的惊人机器„ 核心词汇 homogenize使均匀，使纯一）使类同
一.长难句特点 考研英语的句子之所以难，是因为它们具有下列特 点之一。 1.句子较长 考研英语中不乏长句，长达50〜60个单词的句子不 在少数。这么长的句子，阅读贽时，而 且难以把徨主干，只有把捤其特点才能迅速地找到 句子的重点和中心，
下面是1998年考研英语 英译汉原文中的一个句子： What the researchers found was at once both amazing and expected; the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Cosmic Background Explorer satellite Cobe had discovered landmark evidence that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become known as the Big Bang (the theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy.) 全句共61个词，包含主语从句、同位语从句等复杂成分， 阅读时较难抓住重点。

2)具体方法 对于特殊句型，如虚拟语气，对以将其理解成 一种反亊实假设，也就是作者的观点和态度 与之相反。对于分隔结构而言，其主干一般在 破折号.逗号和定语从句之外，阅读时可以先 跳过修饰成分。对子关联结构，要学会寻找笫 二部分，因为笫二部分有时是句子的重点。 如 :在 not...but...之中，重点在but…之后.


6.其他句子 有的时候，句子结构能看懂，但整个句子却看不馑，究其原因是 对于句中的词汇和词组理解不淸，在英译汉中尤其如此。例如： Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of.(1995 年阅读第一题) 本句的难点是对well (此处是“好”的意思）的理解，因为乍一看 会把as well as (即……又）看成一个词组。然而裉据句子本身的 结构和上下文却排除了这一可能性，又如： Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. (1997阅读第二题） 本句理解的难点是diversion (消遣，转移）这个词。

3.结合真题 无论是背单词，还是学难句，都要在上下文中 进行。研究表明，孤立地记忆词汇和理解难 句效果较差.所以要结合真题的上下文进行复 习。如读完一课的难句后，可以把整个原文再 看一遍.以便加深对难句和核心词汇的理解和 记忆。
1. In spite of „„endless talk of difference ” , American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 2. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite" these were stores "anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. 3.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. 4. "By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.“ Hence the description of America as a "graveyard" for languages 5. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet "some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power.“ 6. But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past，today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.



二.长难句对策 面对考研英语中的众多难句，如何轻松应付呢？ 根据多年的教学经验，提出如下述议。 1.卡片妙用 将考研英语历年真题中的典型难句 抄在卡片上, 一面写真题难句，另一面写参考 译文和词汇注样。毎天研究5句左右，积少成 多，就会熟能生巧„

2.分类突破 复习时对难句不仅要各个击破.还要分类总结，以达到 举一反三的效果。其体做法如下。 1) 一般步骤 对干一般的难句，可以州“主干寻找法”：先抓主 干——主句的主语,谓语和宾语，尤其谓语，找出句子 最核心的部分，再层层向下扩展，理淸各部分的修饰 成分.一个句子通常只有一个谓语（并列句除外），所 以可以先排除非谓语成分，如不带助动词的分词结构 一般不是谓语。对子主语也是一样，注意核心名词的 修饰成分.
3.特殊句型 英语中有些句型很特殊.与汉语相差较大，给理解造成困难。这些特 殊句型包栝： 强调句、倒装句、省略句.比较结构、as结构和虚拟语气等。例如： Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team”.（ 1999 年阅 读第五篇） 本句是一个典型的例装句，是考阱英语中最难的句子之一•



5.关联结构 英语中有的结构包含两个部分，这两部分相互呼应， 有第一部分，通常就有第二部分，阅读时在看到第一 部分时，要寻找第二部分，因为这种结构常构成句子 的主干。这类关联结构主要有：not...but, more...than, less...than, from...to, between…and 和so...that 等。 例如： The astonishing distrust of the news media isn„t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.(2001 年阅读第三题) 本句理解的关键是把捤关联结构not...but,





2. Instead of intimate shops catering lo a knowledgeable elite" these were stores "anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. 结构剖析：本句是—个简单句，开始是介词结构Instead of intimate shops...作状语，后面是主干these were stores...,定语从 句 anyone could enter, regardless of class or background 作先行 词 stores 的定语。 参考译文：这些商店不是只迎合有知识的精英们的少数人的商店， 任何人，不分阶层或背景,都可以进。 核心词汇 inBiblioteka Baiduimate小而舒适的,亲密的 elite楮英 cater (to)满足黹要（或欲望），考虑,迎合 regardless of无论，不管 knowledgeable有知识的，知识丰官的
2.从句复杂 由于英语句子讲究主从关系的特点，其中的从句 大多长而复杂。考研英语中常见的从句有：名 词性从句——主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句 和同位语从句；形容词性从句-----定语从句， 包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句，尤 其是非限定性定语从句；副词怍从句——状语 从句。


例如： The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. (1994 年阅读第一篇） 本句包含一个较长的定语从句 in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most,其中又包含 一个宾语从句 what shall be produced 和定语从句 that they want most。