2016广州英语中考阅读理解说明文专项训练

期末阅读理解复习之说明文科技类：介绍科普知识、科研动态、科技成果的开发、特点、用途。

叙述有条理、层次分明。

一Americans use many expressions with the word dog. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. However, homeless dogs lead a different kind of life. The expression“ to lead a dog's life” describes a person who has an unhappy life.Some people say we live in a dog-eat-dog world. That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work can make people dog-tired.Still, people say every dog has its day. This means that every person becomes successful at a particular time of his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new skills. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things.Husbands and wives use this doghouse term when they are angry at each other. For example, a woman might get angry at her husband for coming home late or forgetting their wedding anniversary (结婚纪念日). She might tell him that he is in the doghouse. She may not treat him nicely until he says sorry.Dog expressions also are used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. We do not want it to rain cats and dogs.（）56. What is this passage mainly about?A. How to take care of dogs.B. The reasons why Americans love dogs.C. Expressions with the word dog.D. A dog-eat-dog world.（）57. Americans like dogs, so .A. all the dog expressions mean something good.B. they take good care of dogsC. dogs lead a different kind of life.D. they teach an old dog new skills.（）58. What’s the meaning of “every dog has its day” according to this passage?A. Every dog has its own life.B. Every dog wants to be successful one day.C. Older people do not like to learn new things.D. Everyone can get success in some period during lifetime.（）59. By saying ________, we mean a woman gets angry with her husband.A. “he is in the doghouse”B. “he leads a dog’s life”C. “he lives in a dog-eat-dog world”D. “every dog has its day”（）60. It has been really hot these days, as _______.A. it rains cats and dogsB. we’re leading a dog’s lifeC. we are having the dog days of summerD. we’re in the dog’s houseImagine the situation. You are driving along a desert or on a mountain. You have no idea where you are. You passed the last house two hours ago. Then your car breaks down. It is night and it is cold. You have no mobile phone. What do you do? Well, next time take a GPS with you. This invention may be able to help you. It is a device (装置) which uses satellites (卫星) to find the user’s position (位置). It can find your position within 20 metres. A GPS cannot start your car, but at least you will know where you are.GPS, which means Global Positioning System, is a small radio receiver. It looks like a mobile phone. You can hold it in your hand, or put in your pocket. It is sometimes put into a watch or a telephone. We also find GPS devices in cars, planes, or boats. Some of these devices have electronic maps, so you know where you are. For example, in a city they can tell you the name of the street.There are three parts to the Global Positioning System. The first part is the receiver. You can hold it in your hand, or have it fixed into your car, plane, etc. The second part is a group of satellites orbiting the Earth. The receiver contacts at least four of the satellites and calculates (计算) its position. The third part of the system is a network of ground stations. They are all over the world. They control the satellites and make sure they are working well.Some people think that in the future the GPS will be as common as the mobile. They are becoming cheaper and more and more accurate(精确的). There are also new uses for the GPS. Perhaps they will become like watches. Everyone will have one and you will never be lost again.（）56.According to the passage, with the help of the GPS, people __________. 考细节A. can’t be lost in a new cityB. can’t find their way in different countriesC. can learn about the culture of an unknown placeD. can spend the least time getting to another place（）57.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? 判断对错A. The GPS are becoming more and more expensive.B. A GPS can help you start your car.C. A GPS can’t be put into a watch.D. There are three parts to the GPS.（）58.The underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 means “____________”. 考借代A. ReceiversB. GPS devicesC. Ground stationsD. Satellites（）59.The passage is mainly about _______________. 考大意A. the shape of the GPSB. the history of the GPSC. the three parts of the GPSD. the introduction of the GPS（）60.What can we infer from the passage? 考推断A. The receiver of the GPS contacts at least five of the satellites.B. The GPS will become more and more common in everyday life.C. People in many countries will use the GPS for free.D. All GPS devices have electronic maps.Spending two or three hours playing outdoors each day can reduce a child’s chance of becoming short-sighted, a research shows. It challenges the belief that short-sightedness is caused by computer use, watching TV or reading in weak light.The Australian government researchers believe that sunlight is go od for people’s eyes. They compared the vision (视力) and habits of 100 seven-year-old children in Singapore and Australia. In all, 30% of the Singaporean children were short-sighted—this rate (比率) was ten times higher than Australian children.Both groups spent a similar amount of time reading, watching television and playing computer games. However, the Australian children spent an average of two hours a day outdoors — 90 minutes more than the Singaporean children.Professor Ian Morgan, from the Australian Research Council’s Vision Centre, said, “Humans are naturally long-sighted, but when people begin to go to school and spend little or no time outdoors, the number of short-sighted people gets larger. We’re also seeing more and more short-sighted children in cities all around the world—and the main reason may be that city children spend less time outdoors.”Daylight can be hundreds of times brighter than indoor light. But why does playing outside prevent us from becoming short-sighted? Scientists believe that natural light has a special chemical which stops the eyeball from growing out of shape and prevents people becoming short-sighted.So be outdoors. It doesn’t matter if that time is spent having a picnic or playing sports.（）56. From the passage, we know that _______ can’t reduce a child’s chance of becoming short-sighted.A. staying indoorsB. having a picnicC. doing sportsD. playing outside（）57. How much time did the Singaporean children spend outdoors on average every day in the research?A. 2 hours.B. 90 minutes.C. 1 hour.D. 30 minutes.（）58. What is the fifth paragraph mainly about?A. Why playing outside is good for one’s eyesight.B. Why natural light has a special chemical.C. Why people become short-sighted.D. Why daylight is much brighter than indoor light.（）59. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. People will all become short-sighted after they begin to go to school.B. Playing outdoors for 2 or 3 hours every day can help protect your eyesight.C. Children in Australia are more likely to get short-sighted than those in Singapore.D. If you spend two or three hours playing outside each day, you won’t get short-sighted.（）60. Where is the passage most probably from?A. A novel.B. An advertisement.C. A notice.D. A science magazine.一56~60: CBDAC二56～60 A D C D B 三56---60: ADABD。