热能与动力工程专业英语
热能与动力工程专业英语重点 原版
1.开口系统：与外界既有物质交换又有能量交换，把研究对象控制在某个空间。
---定容积系统 An Open system (or a control volume 控制体积）is a properly selected region in space. Both mass and energy can cross the boundary of a control volume.such as, A Water heater, a turbine and a compressor, etc2.闭口系统：系统与外界只有能量（功量、热量）的交换而无质量交换。
——定质量系统A Closed system (a control mass 控制质量) consists of a fixed amount of mass, and no mass can cross its boundary. That is, no mass enters or leave a closed system.such as, Piston-cylinder device (汽缸-活塞装置）3.绝热系统：系统与外界只有功量和质量的交换，而无热量的交换。
Adiabatic system is that no heat cross the boundary or heat is negligible compared with work cross the boundary4.孤立系统：系统与外界既无能量交换又无质量交换，即系统与环境不发生任何作用。
Isolated system is a special case that no mass and energy cross the boundary.5.热力学第一定律：自然界一切物体都具有能量，能量有各种不同形式，它能从一种形式转化为另一种形式，从一个物体传递给另一个物体，在转化和传递过程中能量的总和不变。
热能与动力工程专业英语1
(Heat transfer is the science)传热学是一门试图预测热量传递可以发生在温差存在的两个物体之间的科学。
(Thermodynamics teaches that this)热力学告诉我们能量的传递以热量的形式。
传热学不仅可以解释热能怎样被传送,同样可以预测在某种特殊的情况下产生的热交换率。
实际上热交换率的客观分析指出了传热学和热力学之间的差异。
热力学研究对象是处于平衡状态的系统,他可能被用于预测一个系统从一种平衡状态改变到另一种状态所需要的能量的多少,他可能不被用于预测发生在非平衡状态下的系统的热的交换量有多快。
传热学通过提供了可以作为科学中的热力学被用作传热项目基础的实验法则是非常简单的并且容易扩展到各种各样的实际情况当中。
(When a temperature gradient)当温度梯度存在于一个物体中时,经验显示能量将会从高温区域传递到低温区域,我们说能量是通过导热传递并且单位面积的传热效率于法向温度梯度成正比。
(When a fluid at rest or in motion)当流体以不同的温度与一块平板的表面接触且处于静止或运动时据热力学法则规定能量将朝低温区域流动,我们说热量被交换走了并且我们把这个过程称为对流换热过程。
(For both situations shown in fig,1.2)对于表1.2所示的两种情况我们用牛顿冷却定律来表述对流的整体作用。
(The temperature Tw is that)温度Tw是直接与平板表面接触的温度,温度T∞是为了确保平板表面温度不产生明显影响而使流体远离平板表面的所在区域的温度,面积A是与流体接触的表面区域,并且我们应该注意A与热流方向垂直。
比例因子h被叫做传热系数(也是单位面积的导热量或对流换热量)并且取决于几何布置、方向和表面状况(光滑或粗糙)、还有流体的物性和速度。
(There are two convection modes)有两种对流换热模型:强制对流换热和自然对流换热,如果一块被加热的平板暴露一个周围没有额外动因的房子里,空气的流动将经验的被认为是平板附近存在密度梯度的结果,我们称之为自然对流或是无常对流,强制对流与此相反,经验的认为是在风扇吧空气吹到平板上的情况。
热能与动力工程专业英语词汇大全
热能与动力工程专业英语词汇大全文稿归稿存档编号：[KKUY-KKIO69-OTM243-OLUI129-G00I-FDQS58-热能工程专业英语ability 能力ABNORMAL ABN 不规则的abnormal operating condition 异常工况abort 中断,停止ABOVE ABV 在……上面abrader 研磨,磨石,研磨工具abrasion resistance 耐磨性abrupt change 突变absence 失去Absence of brush 无(碳)刷Absolute ABS 绝对的absolute expansion 绝对膨胀ABSOLUTE EXPANSION ABS X 绝对膨胀ABSOLUTE PRESSUREABS P 绝对压力Absolute atmosphereATA 绝对大气压absorb 吸收ABSORBER ASB 阻尼器吸收器absorptance 吸收比,吸收率AC Lub oil pump 交流润滑油泵acceleration 加速accelerationlimiter 加速度限制器accelerator 加速器accept 接受acceptance test 验收试验access 通道accident ACCD 事故accommodate 容纳accomplish 完成,达到accumulate 累积accumulator 蓄能器accumulator 蓄电池,累加器ACCUMULATOR ACM 收集(累加)器本资料为网络资料整理，只供学习交流使用，不做商业用途。
Accumulator battery蓄电池组accuracy 精确度，准确度acid 酸性,酸的acid cleaning 酸洗ACID CLEANING ACDCLG 酸清洗Acid washing 酸洗ACIDIC ACID ACD 酸化学物质acknowledge ACK 确认acquisition 发现,取得act ACT 动作action 动作，行为active ACTIVE 激励active current 有功电流active power 有效功率active zone 有效区active power A_PW 有功功率actual value 实际值actuator 驱动器additional safeguard oil 附加保安油address 地址adequate 适当的，充分的ADJACENT ADJ. 相邻的ADJACENT BOILER ADJ.BLR 邻炉adjust 调整，校正adjustable fanblade 可调扇页adjustable key 可调整销adjusting ADJ 调整adjustment 调整，调节admission steam 进汽Admission mode 进汽方式adopt 采用Aerial line 天线aerodynamic loss 空气动力损失本资料为网络资料整理，只供学习交流使用，不做商业用途。
热能与动力工程专业英语翻译 6.1
6.1‟s most efficient speed is usually much higher than that of the machine it is driving ,so a speed reduction gear usually has to be used .600 000马力的汽轮机。
转子——叶轮上装有动叶，转子两端装有轴颈。
轴承箱——安装在气缸上，用来支承转子的轴。
调速器和阀门系统——通过控制蒸汽流量来调节涡轮的速度和出力，同时还有轴承润滑系统以及一套安全装置。
某种类型的联轴器——用来连接从动机械…catch ‟the steam from the nozzle smoothly ,and they are curved so that they change the direction of the jet and in so doing receive an impulse which pushes6.1（见原文）所示为一种简单的冲动式汽轮机。
…reaction ‟ turbine .moving blades are also nozzles ,similar to the stationary nozzles but facing the other way ,and in addition to catching and deflecting the steam issuing from the stationary（见原文中图6.2）它综合了冲力和反作用力的原理。
6.2中的涡轮壳带有一整圈喷嘴，这些喷嘴和反冲式涡轮机里的一样，也是弯曲的，并以最有效的角度引导蒸汽喷向转动的叶片。
,under these conditions the exhaust volume flow becomes large ,and it is necessary to have more than one exhaust stage ;for example ,a large turbine may have three are“axial flow ”turbine .“double flow ”.drops can damage the blades and reduce the turbine efficiency ,and this is one reason why the steam ,after passing through the high-pressure turbine ,idea sometimes。
热能与动力工程专业英语(整理版)
热能与动力工程Thermal Energy and Power Engineering材料与能源学院：Institute of Materials and Energy空调制冷：refrigeration and air conditioning热传导：thermol conduction学生毕业后能胜任现代火力发电厂,制冷与低温工程及相关的热能与动力工程专业的技术与管理工作,并能从事其它能源动力领域的专门技术工作.The graduates may find employment of technology and management in the fields of the Thermal Energy &Power Engineering (TEPE) and its relevance, such as modern power plant or the Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering (RCE), the graduates may also engaged in the special technique in the fields related to TEPE.现代空气动力学、流体力学、热力学、水力学以及航空航天工程、水利水电工程、热能工程、流体机械工程都提出了一系列复杂流动问题,其中包括高速流、低速流、管道流、燃烧流、冲击流、振荡流、涡流、湍流、旋转流、多相流等等A series of complicated flow problems have been posed in modern fluid mechanics, aero dynamics, thermodynamics, and aeronautical and aerospace engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, heat energy engineering, fluid machinery engineering, and so on, and they cover high-speed flow, low-speed flow, eddy flow, turbulent flow, burning flow, impact flow, oscillating flow, backflow, and two-phase flow, etc.In the thermal engineering, the studied objects normally are isolated from one another and then we try to analysis the change and interaction, the studied objects isolated is named thermodynamic system.在热力工程中，通常将研究对象分离出来再分析其变化及（与外界）的相互作用，该对象即热力系统。
热能与动力工程专业英语-翻译(李瑞扬)
1.3 The Characteristics of Fluids 流体的特征constituent：组成的；tangential：切向的；restrain：限制、约束；equilibrium：平衡，均衡；interface：相互关系、分界面；molecule：微小颗粒、分子；continuum：连续体；vessel：容器；tar：焦油、柏油；pitch：树脂；imperceptibly：发觉不到的，细微的；restore：恢复；subside：下沉、沉淀、减退、衰减；hypothetically：假设地、假想地；sphere：球、球体；microvolume：微元体积；rarest：最稀罕的，虽珍贵的A fluid is a substance which may flow; that is, its constituent particles may continuously change their positions relative to one another. Moreover, it offers no lasting resistance to the displacement, however great, of one layer over another. This means that, if the fluid is at rest, no shear force (that is a force tangential to the surface on which it acts )can exist in it. A solid, on the other hand, can resist a shear force while at rest; the shear force may cause some displacement of one layer over another, but the material does not continue to move indefinitely. In a fluid, however, shear forces are possible only while relative movement between layers is actually taking place. A fluid is further distinguished from a solid in that a given amount of it owes its shape at any particular time to that of a vessel containing it, or to forces which in some way restrain its movement. 流体是可以流动的物质，也就是说，组成流体的质点可以连续的改变它们的相对位置。
热能与动力工程专业英语常用词汇
零电位
zero potential
按钮
button
漏电
electric leakage
电压
voltage
母线
bus, busbar
电流
current
测电笔
test pencil
电流强度
current intensity
验电器
electroscope
电阻
resistance
匝数
number of turns
燃烧
combustion
水压试验
hydraulic test
负压
negative pressure
点火
ignition
正压
positive pressure
着火点
firing point, ignition temperature
冷风
cold air
锅炉上水
boiler water filling
热风
伸缩节
expansion joint
灰浆泵
ash slurry pump
风管道
air piping
保温材料
heat-insulating material
除灰管道
ash piping
稳定燃烧
stable combustion
烟囱
chimney, stack
支吊架
supports and hangers
开启
opening
再热蒸汽冷段压力
cold reheated steam pressure
关闭
closing
再热蒸汽热段压力
hot reheated steam pressure
最新热能与动力工程专业英语(整理版)
热能与动力工程Thermal Energy and Power Engineering材料与能源学院：Institute of Materials and Energy空调制冷：refrigeration and air conditioning热传导：thermol conduction学生毕业后能胜任现代火力发电厂,制冷与低温工程及相关的热能与动力工程专业的技术与管理工作,并能从事其它能源动力领域的专门技术工作.The graduates may find employment of technology and management in the fields of the Thermal Energy &Power Engineering (TEPE) and its relevance, such as modern power plant or the Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering (RCE), the graduates may also engaged in the special technique in the fields related to TEPE.现代空气动力学、流体力学、热力学、水力学以及航空航天工程、水利水电工程、热能工程、流体机械工程都提出了一系列复杂流动问题,其中包括高速流、低速流、管道流、燃烧流、冲击流、振荡流、涡流、湍流、旋转流、多相流等等A series of complicated flow problems have been posed in modern fluid mechanics, aero dynamics, thermodynamics, and aeronautical and aerospace engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, heat energy engineering, fluid machinery engineering, and so on, and they cover high-speed flow, low-speed flow, eddy flow, turbulent flow, burning flow, impact flow, oscillating flow, backflow, and two-phase flow, etc.In the thermal engineering, the studied objects normally are isolated from one another and then we try to analysis the change and interaction, the studied objects isolated is named thermodynamic system.在热力工程中，通常将研究对象分离出来再分析其变化及（与外界）的相互作用，该对象即热力系统。
大学热动专业英语1-2章翻译
Specialized English for Thermal Energy & Power EngineeringCOURSE OUTLINETextbook: 热能与动力工程专业英语（Specialized English for Thermal Energy & Power Engineering）(3th) 阎维平，中国电力出版社（第三版）COURSE OUTLINECourse Goals:1.To understand the basic characteristics of Specialized English.2.To recognize some technical words in thermal energy and power engineering.3.To know how to write the abstract for a paper or a thesis (P155).Grading:Exercises in the class 20%Final exam 80%ContentsChapter 1 Introduction to Thermal Sciences1.1 Fundamental of engineering thermodynamics1.2 Fundamental of fluid mechanics1.3 Fundamental of heat transferChapter 2 Boiler2.1 Introduction2.2 Development of utility boiler2.3 Fuel and combustion2.4 Pulverizing system2.5 System arrangement and key components2.6 On-load cleaning of boilers2.7 Energy balanceChapter 1 Introduction to Thermal Sciences1.1 Fundamental of engineering thermodynamics•Thermodynamics is a science in which the storage, transformation, and transfer of energy are studied. Energy is stored as internal energy( associated with temperature), kinetic energy( due to motion), potential energy (due to elevation) and chemical energy( due tochemical composition); it is transformed from one of these forms to another; and it is transferred across a boundary as either heat or work.第一章热科学介绍1.1 工程热力学基础热力学是一门研究能量储存、转换及传递的科学。
热能与动力工程专业英语翻译4.4英汉
4.4 Absorption Heat Pump吸收式热泵（4·4）Functions Of Absorption Heat Pump 1.吸收式热泵的功能An absorption heat pump extracts heat from a low- temperature heat source ，such as waste heat or surface water ，and delivers its heat output at a higher temperatur for winter heating or Other applications at a coefficient of performance greater than 1 ．吸收式热泵从低温热源（如废热或地表水）取热，在较高的温度下输出热量用于冬天或其他场合供热，其效能系数大于1。
In Japan and Sweden ，absorption heat pumps have been installed in dustrial and district heating plants using industrial waste heat to pmvide hot water ，typically at 165 。
F ，for winter heating or other purposes at a COP between 1 ·4 and l. 7 ·在日本和瑞典，吸收式热泵已经安装于利用工业废热来提供热水的供热工厂（代表性的温度是165F），用于冬天供热或其他用途，其COP（效能系数）在1·4~1·7之间。
Absorption heat pumps can be used either for winter heating or for cooling in summer and heating in winter ·吸收式热泵单向用于冬天供热或双向用于夏天制冷、冬天供热。
热能与动力工程专业英语4.1翻译
311 在应用稳定流动方程中，略去动能和势能项，因为流速低以避免 流体阻力和令人讨厌的压力损失，并且给定制冷系统内的高度变化通 常很小，因此这些项在数值上市微不足道的。
(4.4)
12 由于系统是循环的，在冷凝器中排出的热必须等于蒸发器所吸收的 热和压缩机功的总和。 413 性能系数(COP)被用来评价制冷系数的性能。COP=制冷效果/输 入的净功。 514 对 基 本 蒸 汽 压 缩 循 环 ， 从 公 式 (4.1) 和 (4.3) ， COP 是 COP=(h1-h4)/(h2-h1) 615 在评价压缩机对热力系统的贡献是，有必要考虑压缩机进出口的 制冷剂参数，这两点间的状态变化是（1）理想压缩机时的可逆绝热变 化， （2）绝热但不可逆变化（流体流经压缩机时伴随商的增加） ，理想 压缩机的变化用绝热压缩机效率来描述。 716 对容积式压缩机来说，一个热力学的重要考虑是余隙容积的影 响，即留在压缩机内没有被运动部件排出的制冷剂体积。对活塞式压 缩机来说，要考虑当活塞处于顶端中心位置是活塞和气缸头间的余隙 容积。17 在气缸排出压缩气体后，随着压力降到进口压力，余隙内的 气体再次膨胀到较大体积。 18 因此，按进口压力和温度时的情况计量，压缩机排出的制冷剂质量 比活塞扫过容积占有的质量要少，从数量上讲， 19 这种结果可由容积效率 nv 来表示 nv=ma/mt 式中 ma---每次冲程进入压缩机的新气的实际质量 mt---由排气体积代表的并在压缩机进口压力和温度时所确定的 气体理想质量。 820 容积效率度量了在使制冷剂蒸汽在循环中移动时， 压缩机活塞排 量的有效度。 21 由于制冷剂的比容大小不同，制冷剂的选择会影响压缩机排气量传 送的质量流量。 922 多级压缩机的设计参数之一是级间压力的选择， 在级间压力处制 冷剂温度由中间冷却器降低。 23 在最佳级间压力时，总功最小。 24 对理想气体的两极压缩来说，最佳级间压力是在吸气压力和排气压 力的几何平均初，并导致两极功量相等。 25 但是在制冷系统上使用多级压缩机不同于气体压缩机，因为级间压 力处冷却通常是由从循环某些其他部分转移来的制冷剂完成的。
热能与动力工程专业英语译文-第一章译文
Through the application of thermodynamic principles, modern heat engines have been developed.We are facing the reality that fossil fuel reserves are diminishing and will be insufficient in the forseeable future.Consequently, to those who study thermodynamics, increasing efficiency in the use of fossil fuels and the development of alternate sources of thermal energy are the real challenges to technology for today and tomorrow.Thermodynamics is a branch of science which deals with energy, its conversion from one form to another, and the movement of energy from one location to another. Thermodynamics is involved with energy exchanges and the associated changes in the properties of the working fluid or substance.Although thermodynamics deals with systems in motion, it does not concern itself with the speed at which such processes or energy exchanges occur.Thermodynamics, like other physical sciences, is based on observation of nature. Engineering thermodynamics consists of several parts, such as basic laws, thermal properties of the working fluids, process and cycle and so on.Energy is a primitive (原始的）property. We postulate（假定）that it is something that all matter has.Kinetic energy and potential energy are two forms of mechanical energy.A change of the total energy is equal to the rate of work done on the system plus the heat transfer to the system.Enthalpy can be used either as an extensive property H or as an intensive property h.The two terms v2/2 and gz represents kinetic energy and potential energy respectively. Although the net heat supplied to a thermodynamic system is equal to the net work done by the system, the gross energy supplied to the system must be greater than the net work done by the system.Not all of the input heat is available for producing output work because some heat must always be rejected by the system.Related to the second law statements are the concepts of availability of energy, entropy, process reversibility and thermal efficiency.In all reversible processes there is no change in the availability of the energy evolved in the process.Due to this concept of availability of energy, the following statements can be made: Only a portion of heat energy may be converted into work.Entropy S is an abstract thermodynamic property of a substance that can be evaluated only by calculation.From the above expression one can find that the value of entropy of the system will increase when the heat is transferred into the system.Processes that return to their initial state are called cyclic processes.The Carnot cycle is most efficient cycle possible operating between two given temperature levels.In the ideal Rankine cycle the efficiency may be increased by the use of a reheater section. The process of reheating in general raises the average temperature at which heat is supplied to the cycle, thus raising the theoretical efficiency.After partial expansion the steam is withdrawn from the turbine and reheated at constant pressure. Then it is returned to the turbine for further expansion to the exhaust pressure. For the portion of the heat-addition process from the subcooled liquid to saturated liquid, the average temperature is much below the temperature of the vaporization and superheating process.From the viewpoint of the second law, the cycle efficiency is greatly reduced.If this relatively low-temperature heat-addition process could be raised, the efficiency of the cycle would more nearly approach that of the Carnot cycle.The refrigeration cycle is used to transfer energy (heat) from a cold chamber, which is at a temperature lower than its surroundings.The basic refrigeration cycle consists of a sequence of processes utilizing a working fluid, called the refrigerant, usually in continuous circulation within a closed system.The refrigerant receives energy in the evaporator (cold chamber) at a temperature below that of the surroundings, and then rejects this energy in the condenser (hot chamber) prior to returning to its initial state.In the absence of friction these mechanical energies are completely interchangeable; that is, one unit of potential energy can be ideally converted into one unit of kinetic energy, and vice versa.It represents energy modes on the microscopic level, such as energy associated with nuclear spin, molecular binding, magnetic-dipole moment, molecular translation, molecular rotation, molecular vibration, and so on.In a static fluid, there is no motion of one layer of fluid relative to an adjacent layer, so there are no viscous shear forces.A knowledge of fluid statics is necessary for the solution of many familiar problems, such as the determination of total water force on a dam, the calculation of pressure variation throughout the atmosphere.With no relative motion between fluid particles, there are no shear forces acting on the element, only normal forces (due to pressure) and the gravity force.In order to solve problems in fluid flow, it is often necessary to determine the variation of pressure with velocity from point to point throughout the flow field.As one knows, a streamline is a continuous line drawn in the direction of the velocity vector at each point in the flow.For one-dimensional flow, the flow properties of which do not vary in the direction normal to the streamline, the constant in the Bernoulli equation is the same for all streamlines. The term pv is called flow work (energy/mass), the term v2/2 is the kinetic energy per unit mass; and gz is the potential energy per unit mass.There are two basic types of flow, each possessing fundamentally different characteristics. The first type is called laminar flow, the second turbulent flow.The transverse movement of a particle of fluid from a faster-moving layer to aslower-moving layer will have the effect of increasing the velocity in the slower-moving layer.The inlet length required to attain fully developed flow is dependent on the type of flow.In an analysis of flow through a pipe, we are interested in the type of flow, whether laminar or turbulent, since the shear stress and resultant frictional forces acting on the fluid vary greatly for the two types.Another way of looking at the difference between laminar and turbulent flows is to consider what happens when a small disturbance is introduced into a flow.The thickness of the laminar sublayer depends on the degree of turbulence of the main stream—the more turbulent the flow, the thinner the sublayer.We know that when a fluid flows through a pipe, the layer of fluid at the wall has zero velocity; layers of fluid at progressively greater distances from the pipe surface have higher velocities, with the maximum velocity occurring at the pipe centerline.However, even though the velocity fluctuations are small, they have a great effect on the flow characteristics.Furthermore, with the large number of random particle fluctuations present in a turbulent flow, there is a tendency toward mixing of the fluid and a more uniform velocity profile. When smoke leaves a cigarette, it travels upward initially in a smooth, regular pattern; at a certain distance above the cigarette, however, the smoke breaks down into an irregular pattern.Even in turbulent pipe flow, with the great majority of the flow characterized by rough, irregular motions, there will always be a thin layer of smooth laminar flow near a wall, for the particle fluctuations die out near a boundary.When the central of core region of the flow disappears, the flow is termed fully developed viscous flow.The science of heat transfer is concerned with the analysis of the rate of heat transfer taking place in a system. Heat flow will take place whenever there is a temperature gradient.Heat conduction is the term applied to the mechanism of internal energy exchange from one body to another, or from one part of a body to another.Heat conduction is realized by the exchange of the kinetic energy of the molecules by direct contact or by the drift of free electrons in the case of heat conduction in metals.The Fourier law may be used to develop an equation describing the distribution of the temperature throughout a heat-conducting solid.The term “steady state conduction” was defined as the condition which prevails when the temperatures of fixed points within a heat-conducting body do not change with time.The te rm “one-dimensional” is applied to a heat conduction problem when only one space coordinate is required to describe the distribution of temperature within a heat-conducting body.The solution of heat conduction problems involves, in general, the writing of the general heat conduction equation in terms of the appropriate number of arbitrary constants and then the evaluating of these constants by use of the imposed boundary conditions.The electrical analogy may be used to solve more complex problems involving both series and parallel thermal resistances.When fluid flows over a solid body or inside a channel while temperatures of the fluid and the solid surface different, heat transfer between the fluid and the solid surface takes place as a consequence of the motion of fluid relative to the surface.The multiplicity of independent variables results from the fact that convection transfer is determined by the boundary layers that develops on the surface.The velocity boundary layer is defined as the thin layer near the wall in which one assumes that viscous effects are important.It should be emphasized that a thermal boundary layer can also be defined as the region between the surface and the point at which the fluid temperature has reached a certain percentage of the fluid temperature.The thermal boundary layer is generally not coincident with the velocity boundary layer, although it is certainly dependent on it.Numerous analytic expressions are available for the prediction of heat transfer coefficient in laminar tube flow.There are numerous important engineering applications in which heat transfer for flow over bodies such as a flat plate, a sphere, a circular tube, or a tube bundle are needed.The temperature variation within the fluid will generate a density gradient which, in a gravitational field, will give rise, in turn, to a convective motion as a result of buoyancy forces.The fluid motion set up as a result of the buoyancy force（浮力）is called free convection, or natural convection.The flow velocity in free convection is much smaller than that encountered in forced convection; therefore, heat transfer by free convection is much smaller than that by forced convection.According to the different condensing situation, condensation can be divided into filmwise condensation and dropwise condensation.The phenomenon of heat transfer in boiling is extremely complicated because of a large number of variables involved and very complex hydrodynamic developments occurring in the process.All bodies continuously emit energy because of their temperature, and the energy thus emitted is called thermal radiation.The radiation energy emitted by a body is transmitted in the space in the form of electromagnetic waves according to Maxwell’s classic electro magnetic wave theory or in the form of discrete photons according to Planck’s hypothesis(假说）.The emission or absorption of radiation energy by a body is a bulk process; that is, radiation originating from the interior of the body is emitted through the surface.Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate heat transfer between two or more fluids at different temperatures.The C.O.P. of a refrigerating machine is ratio of Refrigerating effect to Work input.The C.O.P. of a refrigerator, unlike the efficiency of a heat engine can be much larger than unity.The essential parts of a vapor compression system are Evaporator Compressor condenser, and Expansion valve.There are three types of vapor compressor: reciprocating, rotary, centrifugal.A vapor absorption system uses heat (thermal) energy to produce refrigeration.In an absorption system, the commonly used working substance is a solution of refrigerant and solvent.The four important factors involved in a complete air conditioning installation are:(i) Temperature control, (ii) Humidity control , (iii) Air movement and circulation, (iv) Air filtering, cleaning and purification .Give some applications of refrigerationdomestic refrigerationcommercial refrigerationindustrial refrigerationManufacture and preservation of medicinesPreservation of blood and human tissuesProduction of rocket fuelsComputer functioningmarine and transportation refrigerationWhat is a vapor compression system?A typical Vapor Compression Refrigeration SystemComponentsEvaporator: Heat exchangers for refrigerant to absorb heat from refrigerated space Compressor: to raise the temperature and pressure of refrigerant by compression Condenser: Heat exchangers for refrigerant to reject heat to the environmentReceiver tank: a reservoir to store the liquid refrigerantExpansion valve: or Refrigerant flow control, to reduce refrigerant pressureCycle diagramsWhat is the working principle of a vapor absorption system?Absorption refrigeration cycleA vapor absorption system uses heat (thermal) energy to produce refrigeration.In an absorption system, the commonly used working substance is a solution of refrigerant and solvent, such as Ammonia/water and Water/lithium bromide.A absorption refrigeration system also contains an evaporator and condenser which operate in exactly same way as for vapor compressor cycle.There is a second circuit around which an absorbent or solvent fluid flows. The evaporated refrigerant vapor is absorbed into the solvent at low pressure, and there is a net surfeit of heat for this process.The solvent, now diluted by refrigerant is raised to the high pressure by a liquid pump. High pressure refrigerant vapor is then produced by the addition of heat to the mixture, in the generator.Nuclear energy results from changes in the nucleus of atoms.As a nucleus splits, it releases a tremendous amount of heat.The nucleus splitting process is completely fissioned, it will create as much heat as the burning of 1500 short tons of coal.In 1911 the physicist Ernest Rutherford first discovered the existence of a subatomic particle, later referred to as the nucleus.In 1938, two German chemists, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann reported they had produced the element barium by bombarding(轰击) uranium with neutrons.This reaction had in fact split an uranium nucleus into two nearly equal fragments(碎片）, one of which was a barium（钡）nucleus and another was a krypton（氪）nucleus.Albert Einstein developed his famous relativity theory and related the matter to energy by the equation E=mc2.Cadmium（镉）rods were used to control the chain reaction.By 1960, nuclear power generating systems in the range of 150 to 200 MW were in commercial operation.Free neutron capture upsets the internal force, which holds together the tiny particles called protons and neutrons in the nucleus.Besides the heat energy produced, fission releases an average of two or three neutrons and such nuclear radiation as gamma rays.If one of the neutrons emitted is captured by another fissionable nucleus, a second fission takes place in the manner similar to the first.When the fission becomes self-sustaining, the process is called a chain reaction.Nuclear reactors used for electric power generation consist of four main parts.They are (1) the fuel core, (2) the moderator and coolant, (3) the control rods, and (4) the reactor vessel .The fuel core contains the nuclear fuel and is the part of the reactor in which the fission takes place.In fission process the fertile materials( for instance, the U-238 ) are converted to fissile. Fertile: 可变成裂变物质的The nuclear fuel is generally contained in cylindrical rods surrounded by cladding materials，such as aluminum(铝), magnesium(镁), zirconium(锌), stainless steel, and graphite(石墨). The moderator is the substance used in nuclear reactor to reduce the energy of fast neutrons to thermal neutrons.The reactor coolant is used to remove heat from the reactor fuel core, including light water, heavy water, air, carbon dioxide, helium, sodium(钠), potassium(钾), and some organic liquids.Control rods are long metal rods that contain such elements as boron硼, cadmium镉, or hafnium罕. These elements absorb fast neutrons and therefore help control a chain reaction.The reactor vessel is a tanklike structure that holds the reactor core and other internals. The two principal types are the PWR and BWR. Both reactors use enriched uranium and light water as coolant as well as moderator.The coolant first flows downward through the annular space between the shield wall and the core barrel into a plenum at the bottom of the vessel.Then the coolant reverses its direction and flows upward through the fuel core.The heated coolant is collected at the upper plenum and exits the vessel through outlet nozzles.A reactor coolant system is usually designed with two or more closed coolant loops connected to the PWR, each containing its own steam generator and coolant pump.The steam-water mixture from the tube bundle passes through a steam swirl旋转vane叶片assembly where steam is separated from the water.In addition to the steam generator, each coolant loop in the PWR has its own pump.An electrically heated pressurizer is connected to one of the coolant loops and is used to serve the whole coolant system.The pressurizer is used to maintain the coolant pressure during steady-state operation, and to limit the pressure changes, preventing the pressure from exceeding the design limit. Boiling water nuclear steam supply system mainly consists of reactor vessel and reactor coolant circuits.Unlike the PWR, BWR system does not have the intermediate heat exchanger, or steam generator, between the coolant loop and the feedwater and steam system.For a BWR plant, steam is generated within the nuclear reactor and transferred directly to the steam turbine.A disadvantage of the BWR system is that radioactive carry-over into the steam must be guarded against and special provisions made to reduce leakage at the shaft seals of the turbine.The plant, having a peak capacity of 12 kWe, has been intended as a demonstration and a pilot plant for electricity production from solar energy.The plant is composed of three main parts: a field of flat plate solar water collectors (primary circuit); a hot water storage tank (interface); and a turbo-generator group (secondary circuit).The operating mechanism of the plant is based on the principle of converting solar energy into thermal energy.The converted energy is then stored in the hot water storage tank until reaching a temperature level of 100°C (called the index temperature), which triggers the startup of the turbo-generator group operation.The primary circuit of the plant consists of 396 flat plate solar collectors covering a net aperture area of 760 m2.The converted solar energy into thermal energy is stored in a sensible heat form within a water storage tank.The geometry of the storage tank presents the advantage of favoring the forming of a thermal stratification within the storage.The turbo-generator group (TGG) consists of an evaporator, a turbine, a condenser and an alternator.The evaporator and the condenser are both heat exchangers made of copper tubes allowing the heat transfer between the fluid and both the hot and cold sources.The turbine is of a single stage type characterized by an axial flux having a rotation speed of 900 rpm.A parabolic concentrator unit is designed to increase the temperature at the bottom of the storage tank whenever the climatic conditions are favorable.。
热能与动力工程专业英语第四版
热能与动力工程专业英语第四版以下为您提供 20 个关于热能与动力工程专业的英语释义、短语、单词、用法及双语例句：1. **Thermal Energy and Power Engineering**：热能与动力工程- 释义：This term refers to the field that studies and applies technologies related to thermal energy conversion and power generation.- 例句：I'm majoring in Thermal Energy and Power Engineering at the university.（我在大学主修热能与动力工程。
）2. **Heat Transfer**：热传递- 释义：The process by which heat is transferred from one place to another.- 例句：Heat transfer is an important concept in thermal engineering. （热传递是热能工程中的一个重要概念。
）3. **Thermal Efficiency**：热效率- 释义：The ratio of the useful heat output to the total heat input in a thermal system.- 例句：Improving thermal efficiency is a key goal in power generation. （提高热效率是发电的关键目标。
）4. **Power Generation**：发电- 释义：The process of producing electrical power.- 例句：Different methods of power generation have their own advantages and disadvantages. （不同的发电方法各有优缺点。
热能与动力工程专业英语
i.e. it is in steady-state.Often we will consider process that change “slowly”-termed quasi-equilibrium or quasi-static process.A process is quasi-equilibrium if the time rate of change of the process is slow relative to the time it takes for the system to reach thermodynamic equilibrium.It is necessary that a system be quasi-equilibrium before applying many of the thermodynamics relations to that system.热力学第一二定律：In simplest terms,the law of thermodynamics dictate the specific for the movement of heat and work.Basically,the First Law of Thermodynamic is a statement of the conservation of energy-the Second Law is a statement about the direction of that conservation-and the Tired Law is a statement about reaching absolute Zero.The first law of thermodynamic is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy.It can also be considered as defining a property,the internal energy.The Second law of Thermodynamic states that in all energy exchanges,if no energy enters or leaves the system,the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial states.This is also commonly referred to as entropy.举例说明热力学定律应用：a cup of hot coffee left on a table eventually cools,but a cup of cool coffee in the same room never gets hot by itself.The high-temperature energy of the coffee is degraded(transformed into a less useful form at a lower temperature)once it is transferred to the surrounding air.An ordinary house is,in some respects,an exhibition hall filled with womders of thermodynamics.Many ordinary household utensils and applicances are designed,in whole or in part,by using the principles of thermodynamics.Some examples include the electric or gas range,the heating and air-condition systems,the refrigerator,the humidifier,the pressure cooker,the water heater,the iron,and even the computer,and the TV.On a large scale,thermodynamics plays a major part in the design and analysis of automotive engines,rockets,jet engine,and conventional or nuclear power plans,solar collectors,and the design of vehicle form ordinary cars to airplanes.绝热系统：isolated systems：not exchangeing heat,matter or work with their environment.开口系统：exchanging energy (heat and work )and matter with their environment .闭口系统：exchangeing energy (heat and work )but not matter with their environment .孤立系统：rigid boundary :not allowing exchange of work .辐射换热:The mechanism in this case is electromagnetic radiation .We shall limit our discussion to electromagnetic radiation which is propagated as a result of a temperature difference ;this is called thermal radiation .对流传热:when a fluid at rest or in motion is in contact with a surface at a temperature different from the plate ,energy flows in the direction of the lower temperature as required by the principle of thermodynamics .we say that heat is convected away ,and we call the process convection heat transfer .对流传热的方式:There are two convection modes :forced convection and natural convection .If a heated plate were exposed to ambient room air without an external source of motion ,a movement of the air would be experienced as a result of the density gradients near the plate .We call this natural ,or free ,convection as opposed to forced convection ,which is experienced in the case of the fan blowing air over a plate .传热学:Heat transfer is the science that seeks to predict the energy transfer that may take place between material bodies as a result of a temperature difference .传热学和热力学的区别:Thermodynamics teaches that this energy transfer is defined as heat .The science of heat transfer seeks not merely to explain how heat energy may be transferred ,but also to predict the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain specified conditions .The fact that a heat -transfer rate is the desired objective of an analysis points out the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics .Thermodynamics deals with systems in equilibrium ;it may be used to predict the amount of energy required to change a system from one equilibrium state to another ;it may not be used to predict how fast a change will take place since the system is not in equilibrium during the process .Heat transfer supplements the first and second principles of thermodynamics by providing additional experimental rules which may be used to establish energy -transfer rates .As in the science of thermodynamics ,the experimental rules used as a basis of the subject of heat transfer are rather simple and easily expanded to encompass a variety of practical situations .影响辐射传热的因素：To take account of the “gray” nature of such surface we introduce another factor into热能与动力工程thermal energy and power engineering能量转化energy-transfer比例常数proportionality constant比例系数proportionality factor活性中心active center对流传热convection heat transfer电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation角系数view factor准静态过程quasi-static process准平衡quasi-equilibrium静态平衡static equilibrium强度参数intensive property广延参数extensive property燃烧机理combustion mechanism平均分子运动average molecular motion 热反应堆thermal reactor热力学性质thermodynamic property摩尔热容molar heat capacity动能kinetic energy压缩因子compressibility factor温度传感器temperature sensor测量电路measurement circuit电压输出voltage output静电荷electrostatic charge励磁电源excitation power内能internal energy能量原理energy principle能量平衡energy balance能量守恒conservation of energy剪切应力shear force/stress角速度angular velocity速度梯度velocity gradient温度梯度temperature gradient一维one-dimensional机械能mechanical energy内能internal energy动能kinetic energy势能potential energy凝固/硬化take a set流体动力学fluid dynamic hydrodynamics 蒸汽发生系统steam generating system辅助设备auxiliary equipment空煤比the air-coal ratio质量作用定律the law of mass action阿伦尼乌斯定律arrhennius law活化分子active molecule活化分子碎片active molecule fragments 活化能activation energy 自由价free valency支链反应定律the law of branched chain reactions 化学反应方程式stoichiometric equation活化中心active centres能级energy levels甲烷methane ch4压缩机compressor冷凝器condenser膨胀阀expansion valve可逆reversible绝热adiabatic等熵isentropic余隙容积clearance volume比容specific volume压力损失pressure loss溶液给水温度liquid feed temperature体积流速the volume flow rate液压头liquid head成比例的proportional成反比例的inversely proportional热力学定律principles of thermodynamics平衡温度equilibrium temperature相变phase change导热性thermal conductivity传热系数heat transfer coefficient强制对流forced convection自然对流natural convection外表面external surface焓enthalpy熵entropy对流传热convection heat transfer牛顿冷却公式Newton law of cooling流体物性properties of the liquid质量流量比mass flow ratio电磁辐射能electromagnetic energy热辐射thermal radiation净辐射量net radiation流体力学fluid mechanics热力学性质thermodynamic property牛顿粘性定律Newton law of vosicosity温熵图temperature-entropy diagram回转式发动机rotary engine汽轮机steam turbine光化学烟雾photochemical smog核电站nuclear power plant流化床燃烧fluildized bed combustion余热锅炉a heat recovery builer表面积surface areai.e. it is in steady-state.Often we will consider process that change “slowly”-termed quasi-equilibrium or quasi-static process.A process is quasi-equilibrium if the time rate of change of the process is slow relative to the time it takes for the system to reach thermodynamic equilibrium.It is necessary that a system be quasi-equilibrium before applying many of the thermodynamics relations to that system.热力学第一二定律：In simplest terms,the law of thermodynamics dictate the specific for the movement of heat and work.Basically,the First Law of Thermodynamic is a statement of the conservation of energy-the Second Law is a statement about the direction of that conservation-and the Tired Law is a statement about reaching absolute Zero.The first law of thermodynamic is a statement of the principle of conservation of energy.It can also be considered as defining a property,the internal energy.The Second law of Thermodynamic states that in all energy exchanges,if no energy enters or leaves the system,the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial states.This is also commonly referred to as entropy.举例说明热力学定律应用：a cup of hot coffee left on a table eventually cools,but a cup of cool coffee in the same room never gets hot by itself.The high-temperature energy of the coffee is degraded(transformed into a less useful form at a lower temperature)once it is transferred to the surrounding air.An ordinary house is,in some respects,an exhibition hall filled with womders of thermodynamics.Many ordinary household utensils and applicances are designed,in whole or in part,by using the principles of thermodynamics.Some examples include the electric or gas range,the heating and air-condition systems,the refrigerator,the humidifier,the pressure cooker,the water heater,the iron,and even the computer,and the TV.On a large scale,thermodynamics plays a major part in the design and analysis of automotive engines,rockets,jet engine,and conventional or nuclear power plans,solar collectors,and the design of vehicle form ordinary cars to airplanes.绝热系统：isolated systems：not exchangeing heat,matter or work with their environment.开口系统：exchanging energy (heat and work )and matter with their environment .闭口系统：exchangeing energy (heat and work )but not matter with their environment .孤立系统：rigid boundary :not allowing exchange of work .辐射换热:The mechanism in this case is electromagnetic radiation .We shall limit our discussion to electromagnetic radiation which is propagated as a result of a temperature difference ;this is called thermal radiation .对流传热:when a fluid at rest or in motion is in contact with a surface at a temperature different from the plate ,energy flows in the direction of the lower temperature as required by the principle of thermodynamics .we say that heat is convected away ,and we call the process convection heat transfer .对流传热的方式:There are two convection modes :forced convection and natural convection .If a heated plate were exposed to ambient room air without an external source of motion ,a movement of the air would be experienced as a result of the density gradients near the plate .We call this natural ,or free ,convection as opposed to forced convection ,which is experienced in the case of the fan blowing air over a plate .传热学:Heat transfer is the science that seeks to predict the energy transfer that may take place between material bodies as a result of a temperature difference .传热学和热力学的区别:Thermodynamics teaches that this energy transfer is defined as heat .The science of heat transfer seeks not merely to explain how heat energy may be transferred ,but also to predict the rate at which the exchange will take place under certain specified conditions .The fact that a heat -transfer rate is the desired objective of an analysis points out the difference between heat transfer and thermodynamics .Thermodynamics deals with systems in equilibrium ;it may be used to predict the amount of energy required to change a system from one equilibrium state to another ;it may not be used to predict how fast a change will take place since the system is not in equilibrium during the process .Heat transfer supplements the first and second principles of thermodynamics by providing additional experimental rules which may be used to establish energy -transfer rates .As in the science of thermodynamics ,the experimental rules used as a basis of the subject of heat transfer are rather simple and easily expanded to encompass a variety of practical situations .影响辐射传热的因素：To take account of the “gray” nature of such surface we introduce another factor into热能与动力工程thermal energy and power engineering能量转化energy-transfer比例常数proportionality constant比例系数proportionality factor活性中心active center对流传热convection heat transfer电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation角系数view factor准静态过程quasi-static process准平衡quasi-equilibrium静态平衡static equilibrium强度参数intensive property广延参数extensive property燃烧机理combustion mechanism平均分子运动average molecular motion 热反应堆thermal reactor热力学性质thermodynamic property摩尔热容molar heat capacity动能kinetic energy压缩因子compressibility factor温度传感器temperature sensor测量电路measurement circuit电压输出voltage output静电荷electrostatic charge励磁电源excitation power内能internal energy能量原理energy principle能量平衡energy balance能量守恒conservation of energy剪切应力shear force/stress角速度angular velocity速度梯度velocity gradient温度梯度temperature gradient一维one-dimensional机械能mechanical energy内能internal energy动能kinetic energy势能potential energy凝固/硬化take a set流体动力学fluid dynamic hydrodynamics 蒸汽发生系统steam generating system辅助设备auxiliary equipment空煤比the air-coal ratio质量作用定律the law of mass action阿伦尼乌斯定律arrhennius law活化分子active molecule活化分子碎片active molecule fragments 活化能activation energy自由价free valency 支链反应定律the law of branched chain reactions 化学反应方程式stoichiometric equation活化中心active centres能级energy levels甲烷methane ch4压缩机compressor冷凝器condenser膨胀阀expansion valve可逆reversible绝热adiabatic等熵isentropic余隙容积clearance volume比容specific volume压力损失pressure loss溶液给水温度liquid feed temperature体积流速the volume flow rate液压头liquid head成比例的proportional成反比例的inversely proportional热力学定律principles of thermodynamics平衡温度equilibrium temperature相变phase change导热性thermal conductivity传热系数heat transfer coefficient强制对流forced convection自然对流natural convection外表面external surface焓enthalpy熵entropy对流传热convection heat transfer牛顿冷却公式Newton law of cooling流体物性properties of the liquid质量流量比mass flow ratio电磁辐射能electromagnetic energy热辐射thermal radiation净辐射量net radiation流体力学fluid mechanics热力学性质thermodynamic property牛顿粘性定律Newton law of vosicosity温熵图temperature-entropy diagram回转式发动机rotary engine汽轮机steam turbine光化学烟雾photochemical smog核电站nuclear power plant流化床燃烧fluildized bed combustion余热锅炉a heat recovery builer表面积surface area。
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有毒得;中毒得Emitｔｅd 射出得排放(emiｔ得过去分词) In the ａbｓｅncｅoｆ无…时,缺少…时Dirｅctly Proｐortｉoｎal 正向比例Ｓulfur Cｏｎtenｔ硫含量Residuaｌoil渣油Ｉnｏrgａnically 无机得Oｒganiｃ有机得Sｕlｆiｄｅｓ硫化物sｕlfａte硫酸盐Ｐreｓeｎt in 存在于pound 合成搀合化合物;混合物Disuｌfide 二硫化物(等于disｕlphｉｄe) Mｅrｃａｐｔａn n. ［有化] 硫醇Dｉsｔｉｎct明显得;独特得;清楚得;有区别得Ｏdor 气味;味道Oｘidｉzｅvt、使氧化;使生锈likｅｗis ｅ同样得Aｐproxｉmatｅｌy 大约Ｃonｖeｒt转化Eｍitｔed排放得Eｘcesｓair过量空气Ｉndividual furnaｃｅ单炉膛Ｐroｆilｅ断面Indｉｖidual ｆｕrnace单炉膛结构overaｌl 总体说Cｈemｉsｏｒb 化学吸附Fly asｈ飞灰Parｔicｌe颗粒Flue gas Desulｆurｉzａtion systｅm 脱硫Caｔaｌytic hydro-dｅｓuｌfｕｒizatｉｏn 催化湿法脱硫Ｗａｘy蜡质Impoｓing pｒoblem有前途得课题Pyrite 黄铁矿Oｒganｉｃally boｕｎd有机化合物Gaｓiｆｉcaｔion n. 气化Tｈｒoｗaｗaｙsysｔem 一次性系统by－pｒoｄucｔreｃｏｖery sｙｓtｅm副产品回收系统staｃk gas 烟气ｂｅdisｐosed oｆ被处理Vieｗpｏiｎt n、观点,瞧法;视角Fiｘaｔiｏｎ固定Mｏｌecular Nitroｇeｎ分子氮气Nｉtric oxide一氧化氮Thermal ＮOx热力型fuel ＮOx燃料型qｕicｋrｅsponsｅNOx 快速型Presｕmaｂly 可能ｍarkeｔaｂle可售得Appreciable aｍounｔs oｆ大量得Hｏrｉzｏnｔａｌfiｒiｎg水平燃烧Tangential firing 切圆燃烧Loｗexｃeｓs aｉｒｏperatioｎ低过剩空气燃烧Opeｒating vａriable运行变量Aｉr—fueｌRatio空燃比Ｔｗo Broad catｅgｏｒｉes两大类别Ｃurｒｅnｔcontrol 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ａｂsorbent 碱性吸收剂Settle 沉淀ｏxidaｔion氧化作用Teｍｐoｒarｉly suspｅnd暂时制止Adverse 不利得、敌对得Disｃｈarge ｓcｒubｂer effluｅnt 排放清洗器废水Barge 用船运输ｄｕmｐ倾倒、倾卸Ｅlecｔrolytic zinc cｏｍpany 电解锌公司Ｔidaｌwater潮汐水ｓｍeｌtｅr gaｓ冶炼厂烟气misｓioｎ投用、交付使用iｍprｏved Veｒsion 改进版本a ｔime ｏf ｌaborａtｏry 中试研究and piｌoｔｐlant investｉｇatiｏnｐilot 辅助得、实验性得solid ｓlｕdge 污泥、污渣Liｍe／limestoｎe 石灰/石灰石ｄｉlutｅａcid procesｓes 稀酸工艺sulfite 亚硫酸Scrｕbbinｇ擦洗、洗涤cａrbon absorbｐtｉｏn proceｓseｓ碳吸收工艺magnesiuｍoxiｄe氧化镁iroｎore sｉｎｔｅｒｉng ｐlａnt 铁矿熔炼厂ｉnｊｅctiｏn processes喷射工艺Iron orｅsintｅｒ铁矿石燃烧ｐluｇ阻塞、堵Particｕlａte颗粒、微粒ｉｎａdｅｑｕaｔe 无效得Trｅａｔ处理electroｓｔaｔiｃｐｒｅcipitators 静电除尘器pｒedominate占统治地位、统治ｐrocesｓCaｔeｇorｙ工艺种类cｏｎvenient方便得categorize分类Tｈｒowaway ｐｒocｅｓs 一次性方法gypｓumｐroceｓｓ石膏工艺ｅventual prodｕct 最终产物Ｄisposed ｏf ｅntirｅlｙ全部处理Laｎｄfill 填土、填地Ponｄ水池wａtｅr cｏurse河道a workeｄ—out miｎe 废弃矿井neutralizing the aciｄly 中与酸Lｉquｏr 溶液、使溶解aｌteｒnaｔiｖe 可选择得、替换物welｌ-dｅfined 好得特性dispoｓaｌcｈａrａcteｒiｓtiｃ处理特性Rｅｇeneratｉve prｏcess再生工艺Reactant反应物conｃenｔｒａte 浓缩suｌfｕrｉcａcｉd 硫酸Liquefied 液态得pｒｉncipally 主要地Refｉneｒｙ精炼厂、炼油厂Staｔus 状态、情况prｉncｉｐally主要地Refiｎery 精炼厂、炼油厂Ｄeｍｏnstｒatｉoｎｐurpoｓe 演示用途coｍparabiliｔy 可比性Caｌcium ｓulfiｔe亚硫酸钙ｃａｌcium sulfaｔe 硫酸钙sulfｕr cｏnｔeｎts 含硫量ｄoｕblｅalｋａｌiｐrｏcｅｓs 双碱法工艺Wｈereas然而availabilitｙ有效性、效率Pｌａnt装置scalinｇ缩放结垢ｐluggin ｇ堵塞erｏsion 腐蚀ofｆseｔ抵消Ｐlasｔｅr 熟石膏Retarder缓凝剂减速器eｘtra ｐrocessｅquipmｅnt额外得工艺设备maｉnｔenanｃe coｓｔ维护成本walｌboａｒd 墙板cement manufａｃture 水泥生产sｕｆｆiｃient ｍａｒｋet足够得市场Coaｌｗaｓhｉｎg 洗煤Coalｇasｉfｉcation 煤气化Coalｌiquefaction 煤液化Bｒiquetｔｅsｕlfuｒ-capｔuriｎg 型煤固硫Boilｅr Contrｏｌ锅炉控制Ｏbjecｔivｅ目得Oscillａｔｉonｓ振荡huｎｔing 波动ｓiｇniｆｉcaｎｔ象征;重大得,有效得Aiｒfloｗ气流,空气得流动ｄisｔｒiｂｕtｉon 分布,分配feedｗaｔer 给水fｌow 流动Fｌｏw ｒate流量ｓtｅaｍdrum 蒸汽锅筒parametｅｒ参数,系数instrumenｔation测试设备检测仪表Ｕtilizｅs 利用,使用ｃloseｄlｏop闭环,闭合回路meaｓｕｒement 测量度量,尺寸Ｄemａnd 需求,要求errｏｒsigｎal 误差讯号inverｓeｌy 相反得,倒转得Ｐroportｉonal 比例项比例得dｅaｄbａｎd死区,非灵敏区域offｓet补偿,偏差Elimｉnａte 消除,排除ｉncorpｏｒatiｎg 合并;合并得reseｔ重新设定,重置Inｔegral 积分,部分,完整deviａtion偏差,误差,背离teｒminoloｇy 术语,用词Variaｂle变量,可变因素Tｈｅbａndｏf 从reduｃｅ减少,缩小,降低tａke oｖer 接管,接收Pｏsiｔioniｎg 定位,配置,布置eｘcｅssive 过多得,极度得,过分得ｃorｒｏsioｎ腐蚀Efｆicｉeｎcy 效率效能ｓupｅrｈeａｔeｄ过热得,过热蒸汽dｅｒivaｔｉve 微分cｏｎｔrol控制ｔhe rate of chａnｇｅ改变率eｘcessａir过剩空气sooｔblowiｎg 吹灰bustｉoｎ燃烧,氧化cleanlinｅss 清洁ｄistｒibuｔion 分布分配Vaｒiatiｏn 变化saｔuratｅd使渗透,饱与得ｓoot 烟灰,煤灰Auxiliaｒy 辅助机构bａｓe pｏint 基点vｏluｍeｔric flｏｗ体积流量Convecｔｉve 对流得ｒadianｔ辐射得ｐarallｅl 平行线,对比Ｃonstaｎt 不变得tｒansfer转让,传递ｔilt 倾斜,摆动dｏwnwaｒd向下得Ｆurｎace 火炉,熔炉aｂsorｐtｉｏｎ吸收minｉmizｅ最小化Economｉzｅr 省煤器ｏｕｔlｅt 出口,排放口iｎlet入口reintroduｃe再引入blowｅr鼓风机Ductwｏrk 管道系统dｉｌutｉng稀释ｖelocity 速率;迅速gaｓTemｐer 烟气回火ａttempeｒation 温度调节Spray 喷雾;喷射nozzｌe 喷嘴veｎｔuri 文丘里喷管Via 取道,经过ｅlｅment 元素原理daｍper 挡板Govern管理,支配,控制Pｒesencｅ存在Ｂaｓe point 基点ｐｌicaｔe 使恶化Cｌeaｎcoal teｃhnologies洁净煤技术Coｍpｌy ｗｉtｈ服从,遵从Strinｇeｎt 严格得Environmｅntal Legiｓｌation环境保护法规立法Appｒoaｃｈ方法,途径Coｎsist in 在于Exｉｓtiｎｇ现有得Ｐulverizedｃoａl(PC)煤粉装置Deｐollutｉng dｅｖices 去污染设备Aｃtｏｎ作用Emｉｓｓｉon 发出物,排放物。