跨文化交际练习题

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大学生英语跨文化交际复习题库

1.What kinds of things cannot be noticed by a fish in the sea?A) The foodB) The climate and the environmentC) The danger and the natural enemyD) The water正确答案为D2.Human beings also have hardware and software. __________ is to human beings what software is to computer. 人类也有硬件和软件A) CultureB) BodyC) ShapeD) Color正确答案为A3.American scholars Daniel Bates and Fred Plog define culture from intercultural perspective which reflects the role of _________.美国学者丹尼尔·贝茨和弗雷德·普洛格从跨文化的角度定义文化，反映了文化的作用A) perceptionn. 知觉；觉察（力）；观念；（农作物的）收获B) communicationC) sensationn. 感觉；直觉；知觉；轰动D) intellectual n. 知识分子；脑力劳动者；有极高智力的人；正确答案为B4.Many of the same proverbs appear throughout the world, because all people, regardless of their culture, share common _______.许多相同的谚语出现在世界各地，因为所有人，不管他们的文化如何，都是共同的A) storiesB) languagesC) experiencesD) arts正确答案为C5.We understand two characteristics of subgroups as ________ label and temporality.我们理解亚群的两个特征为________标签和时间性A) sameB) inferior ad j. 低劣的；下级的，下等的；（位置在）下面的；C) superior 优良的；更高级的；傲慢的；D) deviant 不正常的，异常的；离经叛道的正确答案为D6.__________ refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. It means one’s sense of the culture to which one belongs.指一个人对某一特定文化或民族的归属感。

高三英语跨文化交际练习题20题

高三英语跨文化交际练习题20题1.In the United States, people often eat turkey on _____.A.ChristmasB.ThanksgivingC.EasterD.Halloween答案：B。

解析：在美国，人们通常在感恩节吃火鸡。

选项 A 圣诞节一般吃烤鸡等食物；选项C 复活节有彩蛋、兔子等元素；选项D 万圣节主要是糖果等。

2.Which of the following is not a traditional activity on St. Patrick's Day?A.Wearing green clothesB.ParadesC.Exchanging giftsD.Drinking green beer答案：C。

解析：在圣帕特里克节，人们会穿绿色衣服、举行游行、喝绿色啤酒。

但没有交换礼物这个传统活动。

3.On Halloween, children go from house to house asking for _____.A.candiesB.giftsC.toysD.flowers答案：A。

解析：在万圣节，孩子们挨家挨户要糖果。

选项B 礼物一般在圣诞节等节日交换；选项C 玩具不是万圣节主要索要的东西；选项D 花不是万圣节的常见物品。

4.In many Western countries, people decorate Christmas trees with _____.A.flowersB.candlesC.balloonsD.leaves答案：B。

解析：在许多西方国家，人们用蜡烛装饰圣诞树。

选项 A 花不是主要装饰圣诞树的物品；选项 C 气球一般不用于装饰圣诞树；选项D 树叶也不是圣诞树的常见装饰。

5.Which festival is associated with egg hunts?A.Valentine's DayB.EasterC.Independence DayD.Mother's Day答案：B。

大学跨文化英语综合教程学生用书第3册课后练习题含答案

大学跨文化英语综合教程学生用书第3册课后练习题含答案第一章跨文化交际和跨文化沟通
选择题
1.跨文化交际指的是：
A. 不同语言之间的交际
B. 不同国家之间的交际
C. 不同文化之间的交际
D. 不同年龄阶段之间的交际
答案：C
2.关于“跨文化沟通”的说法，错误的是：
A. 它期望个体能够在跨文化情境中获得顺利、成功的交流和互动。

B. 它指的是各种跨越文化的交流和互动。

C. 它是一个跨越语言和文化障碍的交际活动。

D. 它只是指在文化相同的情况下的互动和交流。

答案：D
填空题
1.跨文化交际包括文化的 ______________，交际的 ___________ 和认
知的 ______________。

答案：差异、行为、过程
简答题
1.什么是“文化冲击”？如何应对“文化冲击”？
答：“文化冲击”是指个体通过跨越文化进行交流和互动时遭受到的非常规、难以理解的交流和交往中的困扰。

个体可以采取以下措施来应对文化冲击：•接受自己文化差异所造成的影响，保持开放的心态，尝试理解和感知新环境和文化，以及与文化差异所造成的不适应。

•尝试与文化差异的人们建立联系，结交新的朋友，增进相互了解和友谊。

•积极主动地了解文化差异，了解文化冲击产生的原因，并以客观的态度学习和理解这些差异。

增加跨文化意识和跨文化学习的能力。

•在和跨文化人员交往过程中，应该尽量避免出现不当的行为和行为模式，避免引起文化冲击和不必要的误解。

(完整word版)跨文化交际选择题

考试题型：1、Ture or False (15×1, 为课后练习题，会有改动)2、Multiple Choice (15×1, 为学过的分散在各个单元的知识点及课后练习中的重要内容)3、Cultural Puzzles (10×2, 阅读案例，选择最佳答案，部分案例是课本上的，其余是课外的)4、Filling in Blanks (10×2, 该题考察的是名词解释，四个选项下面配有两个句子，根据句子内容选择其中一个选项)5、Matching (10×1, 该题考察对跨文化理论的理解，在授课要点中的范围)6、In-Depth Reading (共20分，该题是拓展性阅读，主要考察对跨文化类文章的理解及跨文化知识的应用能力，分为Section A….选择题【5×2】；Section B….问答题【10】。

要求根据对文章的理解和掌握的跨文化知识回答问题，内容不会超出我们讲过的知识范围)选择题：Cultural Understanding of verbal and non-verbal communication1、American parents would ask their children’s opinion in family decision-making because___________.A) American parents like being told by their children what to doB) American children have much power in the familyC) American parents take their children as an equalD) American parents are unable to make decisions themselves2、What is the best expression of the following you can use when you meet an American friend at the airport?A) You must tired B) Did you have a good tripC) It is raining, isn’t it ? D) Thank you for coming3、What is a proper topic when you are talking with an American ?A) the price of an item B) religion C) marital status D) hobbies4、In English speaking countries, people tend to use all the greetings except_______________.A) how are you getting on? B) how are things?C) where have you been? D) how’s life?5、What is a proper response of the following to “Thank you. ” ?A) It is my duty to do so B) It doesn’t matter at allC) I quite understand it D) Don’t mention it6、Where a British friend is sick, you’d better say “__________” to your friend to show your concern.A) Drink plenty of water B) I do hope you’ll be feeling better soonC) put on more clothes D) Take medicine on time7、What is the Chinese equivalent of “reckless disregard for truth ” ?A) 躁动不安B)为非作歹C)实事求是D)信口雌黄8、What is the meaning of “gilding the lily” ?A) Avoiding something to make a good thing even better.B) Spoiling something already fine by attempting to make it betterC) Turning excellence into perfectionD) Putting the lily in a golden frame to make it last longer9、Which of the following expression is considered a verbal taboo in English?A) pass away B) powder one’s nose C) damn it D) go to heaven10、Which of the following is the typical American thought pattern?A) Factual-inductive style B) Axiomatic-deductive styleC) Intutive-affective style D) Associative uniting style11、Which of the following does not have the same function that “副” fulfills in Chinese?A) associate B) deputy C) lieutenant D) underline12、Which of the folling is not one of the social funcitons of compliments?A) greeting people B) starting a conversation C) criticizing people D) overcoming embarrassment13、What is the acceptable addressing of “Tom Smith” in American culture?A) Teacher Smith B) Mr. Tom C)Director Smith D) Professor Smith14、The word “dragon” is a word__________.A) with different associated meanings in Chinese B) without a counterpart in ChineseC) with the some primary meaning in Chinese D) with many more terms in Chinese15、When making an appointment with an American friend, which of the following expressions is the most appropriate one?A) I’m coming to see you this afternoon.B) You must stay at home waiting for me this afternoon.C) Could you come directly to my house this afternoon.D) I was wondering whether I could come round to visit you soemtime.16、Which of the following is not included in kinesics?A) posture B) stance C) body distance D) gesture17、Individualism has the following features except____________.A) strong family ties B)self-reliance C) freedom D) respect for individual rights18、M-time culture has the following features except__________.A) cutting time into bits B) taking dealines seriouslyC) scheduling one thing at a time D) more human-centered19、__________culture are typical P-time cultures.A) Latin American B) Northern American C) Western European D) Northern European20、In American culture, silence may be inerpreted as ___________.A) assertiveness B) thoughtfulness C) enthusiasm D)apathy21、Which culture tends to envelop each other in breath when talking?A) Arabian culture B) American culture C)British culture D) Chinese culture22、Which of the following is not included in chronemics?A) punctuality B) time orientation C) silence D) promptness23、What does the following gesture mean in some Latin American countries?A) money B) OK C) obscenity D) hostility24、Which of the following statement is untrue?A) The American “come here ” gesture could be seen as an insult in most Asian countries.B) In most Asian cultures, a gentle grip and an avoidance of direct eye contact is appropriate.C) Right hand is considered unclean in much of the Middle East and in parts of Indonesia.D) Pointing with the index finger is common in North American and Europe.25、When an American is parking his bicycle and the bicycle accidentally falls over, he feels embarrassed at his awkwardness, and his quite angered and humiliated when Chinese onlookers laugh.A) Don’t take it so seriously. B) It’s nothing.C) You are really clumsy. D) Such things can happen to any of us.。

胡文仲《跨文化交际学概论》章节练习( 跨文化交际的障碍)【圣才出品】

第11章跨文化交际的障碍一、填空题1．人们在与不同文化背景的人进行交往时会无意识地用本民族的文化准则、社会规范、语用规则来判断和解释别人的言语行为，因而造成________。

（厦门大学2010年研）【答案】语用失误【解析】由于本族人是在成长和受教育过程中自然而然地习得母语文化，因此在与不同文化背景的人们进行交往时往往会无意识地用本民族的文化准则、社会规范、社会语言规则来判断和解释别人的语言行为，从而造成语用失误。

其中文化差异引起的文化迁移是造成语用失误的最重要原因之一。

2．西方人（主要是说英语的国家）的思维方式在语言结构上的投射，表现为分析、抽象、________的特征。

（厦门大学2010年研）【答案】线型【解析】中国受“天人合一”和“关系”取向的影响，思维方式以直觉、具体、圆型为特征，相反的，对于西方（英语国家），思维方式在语篇结构上的投射表现为分析、抽象、线型的特征，开门见山、直入主题。

3．西方文化中，________色常被用来表示沮丧、消沉或者淫猥、下流。

（厦门大学2010年研）【答案】蓝【解析】在西方，蓝色常被人们用来表示沮丧、消沉或者淫猥、下流；但在汉语中蓝色却被用来表示肃穆、严肃。

二、判断题1．作为一个合格的汉语国际推广老师，最主要的能力是跨文化交际能力。

（首都师范大学2012年研）【答案】错误【解析】跨文化交际能力是汉语国际推广形势下教师跨文化教学能力的一个重要组成部分。

汉语教师的各种静态的知识储备、汉语教师的课堂教学能力——动态的实践能力、汉语教师的跨文化交际能力，三者共同作用、互相促进，最终形成一种专门的能力——汉语教师跨文化的教学能力。

2．强环境文化中的人们在交际时注重意会，弱环境文化中的人们在交际时注重言传。

（厦门大学2011年研）【答案】正确【解析】在强环境文化中，环境（包括形体语言）比言语更能表达交流者的意思，而在弱交际环境文化中，交流过程中所产生的信息量的大部分直接用言语表达和传送，相对地说，只有少量的信息需要通过环境来表达。

(完整版)跨文化交际课前习题答案

Unit Two Culture ShockⅠ.Fill in blanksa. In a formal western meal, y ou?re offered a second helping but you havThat was delicious bute already had enough. You should say “______”．I?ve already had plenty, thanks.b. Taboos are words, expressions, etc. that are considered as being _____ _ or ______. unpleasant, disgusting c. ______ is a culture that scores high on individualism. Individual cultured. Social distance refers to the degree of ______ or ______ between two c ultures. similarity, dissimilaritye. Because of their ______, individualistsgive little thought to the ______ of others. But collectivists care very mu ch what others in their groups think and do not like to be the targets of __ ____ and _______. independence, evaluations, scrutiny, criticismⅡ. Key Termsa. culture shockb. collectivist culturec. hospitalityd. politenesse. privacy在一个正式的西餐，你?再提供一次帮助但你已经有足够的。

《跨文化交际》练习题

《跨文化交际》练习题Unit 11.Fill in blanksa. There are here-------- Chinese equivalents to communication in Mainland.交际（）交流（）沟通（）传播（）通信（）交通（）传理（）b. There must be ___________conditions for communication to take place.c. There are _______ kinds of communication.d. The two kinds of cross-cultural communication are _______ and ______.e. In any forms of communication, mono-cultural, unilateral and bilateral cross-cultural alike, ______ is the essence.f. You complain to your instructor about your course credits through telephone is a________ example of communication.g. You send an e-mail message to an American friend is an instance of communication but______.h. An Arabic traveler talks to you in Arabic that is Greek to you is an instance of_________.i. The community definition of a social situation is a sort of ______ definition, or ______ interpretation of the situation.j. In cross-cultural communication, private goals are difficult to detect and are likely to cause ______.k. A social situation may receive two definitions. They are____________________ and ______________.l. The verbal message of shrug is a non-verbal signal of_________________.m. The verbal message of thank is a non-verbal signal of________________.n. The goal of Dick’s going to the library is likely to _______________________________________.Ⅱ. Key Termsa. languageb. non-verbal communicationc. cross-cultural communicationd. situational schemae. signalf. cultureg. communicationⅢ. Short Answer1. Give some best and not good instances of communication.2. How to understand a mutual monitoring?3.Types of communication.4.Cultural influencing factors of cross-cultural communication.5.collectivist cultureⅣ. Case studyUse the communication theory to analyze the following case:Xiao Huang meets Evelyn at the airport and says to her: "Long time no see!"1）The source of information is: ______.2）The encoder is: ______.3）The code is: ______.4）The message is: "______!"5）The channel is: ______.6）The medium is: ______.7）The noise is: ______.8）The decoder is: ______.9）The retrieval of information is: ______.Unit TwoⅠ.Fill in blanksa. In a formal western meal, you’re offered a second helping but you have already had enough. You should say “______”. That was delicious but I’ve already had plenty, thanks.b. Taboos are words, expressions, etc. that are considered as being ______ or ______. unpleasant, disgustingc. ______ is a culture that scores high on individualism. Individual cultured. Social distance refers to the degree of ______ or ______ between two cultures. similarity, dissimilaritye. Because of their ______, individualists give little thought to the ______ of others. But collectivists care very much what others in their groups think and do not like to be the targets of ______ and _______. independence, evaluations, scrutiny, criticismⅡ. Key Terma. culture shockb. collectivist culturec. hospitalityd. politenesse. privacyⅢ. Short Answera. What are the five basic themes in individualist culture?b. Why is there a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual intimacy?c. What ‘s the difference on tendency for foreigners to treat strangers between Individualism and Col lectivism Theories?Ⅳ. Case study(1) Analyze the case and try to find the misunderstanding between the girl and the westerner.A westerner invited a Chinese girl to have lunch and take a tour around the British Parliament. In fact, the girl didn't have the lunch just because when the westerner asked her "Are you hungry?" The girl answered no. Then they didn't have lunch together.(2) Can you find some differences in hospitality between a Chinese and English? What are the reasons?An English guest: Each time a new dish arrived his parents would lean over and load my plate with tasty morsels. As they had taken all the trouble to cook it I just had to polish it off. As soon as my plate was empty they would put more on. Of course, I felt duty-bound to ear that too.A Chinese guest: Can you imagine how many dishes I had? One one -- a stew with meat and vegetables. The meat was over done and too hard to eat; green vegetables were no longer green. They never put food on your plate but just ask you to help yourself. If you, as a guest, are shy or modest, waiting for the food to be put on your plate, you will remain half-starved.Unit ThreeⅠ. Fill in blanksa. Chinese names consist of ______ name and ______ name, with ______ name put first.b. The term first names, ______ and ______ refer to the same names.c. The ______ given name is usually used by English people. ______ name is commonly used among friends and colleagues.d. The term “Christian names” originates from people’s belief in ______ and the traditional practice of giving babies their names at a special ceremony in church known as a “______”.e. Chinese names can give all sorts of information about a person. They may give clues about where and when the person was born. Or they may tell us something about ______, ______, ______, ______, ______ or even ______.f. Female names are more likely than male names to end in ______ sound, as in Linda, Tracy and Mary. Names given to boys are much more likely to end in a ______, such as occurs in Bob, Dick and Jack.Ⅱ. Short Answera. Try to analyze the components of an English name.b. 在社交活动中使用亲属称谓要遵循哪些准则？What rules should we follow when we use the kin terms when we are at public?c. What are the characteristics in naming Chinese Given Names?d. Why is it hard for us to tell the gender by reading English names?Ⅲ. Essay SectionDo you agree the view that there is some sexist bias in the English language? If agree, please give me an explanation in detail with examples and show us how to solve it. If not, please show me your reasons.And do you think there is some sexist bias in the Chinese language too? How we can solve the problem?Ⅳ. Case studyCategorize the following names into male and female groups.Sarah Christopher Claire Matthew Emma David Laura James Kelly Rebecca Daniel Gemma Andrew Rachel Steven Victoria Mark Paul Katharine MichaelUnit FourⅠ. Fill in blanksa. In Britain, ______ and ______ are common topics. Some taboo questions are considered too ______ or too ______ to talk about when first meeting someone.b. “______” is a commonly used term by Chinese people to address someone who is older than the speaker to show his politeness, respect and closeness. But in America, people like being labeled as “______”.c. To western eyes going Dutch, splitting the bill, implies ______ between friends.d. We Chinese usually say “no” when somebody offer s something, because sometimes an offer is not a ______ offer but a ______ remark.e. Like the Chinese, people in the English-speaking countries also avoid ______ or ______ by using polite expressions when giving refusals.f. An ______ is a spoken or written request for someone's presence or participation.Ⅱ. Short Answera. Two typical situations to send flowers in business and social situations.b. Talking about culture merge with the answers of compliments between a Chinese and English?c. What are the differences on receiving gifts between Chinese and westerner?d. Why do many Chinese people tend to ask about age, martial status, and even salary when first meeting one another?Ⅲ. Essay SectionWhat are the similarities and differences between English invitations and Chinese ones?IV. Write a very formal invitation and a replyUnit FiveⅠ. Fill in blanks1. ______ often occurs when people hurry to a conclusion without investigating thoroughly enough.2. In a traditional Chinese family, the most important relationship in the family is that between ______ and ______.3. The American linguist, Deborah Tannen, wrote a book entitled ______. In this book, she believes women tend to speak and hear a language of ______ and ______, whereas men speak and hear a language of ______ and ______.4. There may be a generation gap between young people and old people due to their different ______ and ______. Ⅱ. Short Answer1. Whose side should the man take in the event of any quarrel between his wife and his mother and why?2. What is expected from the parents towards their children?3. Do men like boasting more than women? Why?4. Are women are inclined to gossips and why?a. What’re the p rinciples of a traditional Chinese family?b. What’s the biggest difference between the Chinese way of child-rearing and the Australian one? Why?c. In cross-cultural communication, why is communication between the two sexes difficult?Ⅲ. Case studyRead the following anecdotes carefully. Decided whether A is a man or a woman, and give your reasons.A andB are married. They are both lawyers. At social gatherings, A is always ready to tell of A's success, dropping names and boasting of cases won. B, however, is reticent about B's success. Sometimes A points out to others B's successes, but this may upset B. B feels that people would not like B if B boasts; B would rather prefer they learn indirectly from others how successful B is. A, on the other hand, feels A must not be shy of singing A's own praises if A is to receive the respect A deserves.Comment: A is most likely to be a .If both A and B want the other to go to the store to get something for themselves, A would say 'Will you please go to the store?', while B would say 'Gee, I really need a few things from the store, but I'm so tired'.Unit SixⅠ. Fill in blanks1. There is language in her eye, her cheek and her__________. Shakespeare2. Glance means_____3. Feast your eyes means ____.4. Lay a finger on somebody means-----.5. The V-sign usually indicates_______________.6.. Usually when we have a ______ talk we look at each other while we speak or listen, no matter what the relationship is.7. When we offer something to someone, we often use both hands to show ______.8.. For the British, the rule for eye contact when passing strangers in the street is that you must avoid ______ at them but at the same time avoid ______ them.9. Intimate distance is ranging from direct contact to about ______ cm, personal distance is ranging from ______ to ______ cm, social distance is ranging from ______ to ______ meters, and public distance is over ______ meters.II. Key Terms1.Non-verbal communication2. proximityⅢ. Short Answer1. What is non-verbal communication?2. What are some purposes of Non-verbal Communication?(P229)3. What’re the functions of non-verbal communication?4. How do you classify Non-verbal Communication?5. Mentioning facial expression, there are six basic emotions. What’re they?Ⅳ. Case studyTry to guess the meaning of the following gestures.1. With the palm out, forefinger and index fingers are pointed upwards and split into the shape of a "V."2. With the palm up, the forefinger wiggled at the person summoned.3. With the palm out, the thumb and forefinger are curled into a circle, while the other fingers are extended upward Unit SevenⅠ. Fill in blanks1. 'Snack' and --------provide an example to show the difference between formal and informal language.2. 'Sodium chloride' is a synonym of ----------- but is less frequently used in daily life.3. The British English term for Apartment is ________________________.4. The close Chinese equivalent for the idiom: lion in the way is_____________________.5. 雷声大雨点小in English is____________________.6. "Raining cats and dogs" means that ______.7. An idiom is a ______ with its own meaning which has to be learned as one unit.8. ______ means the same sound occurring at the beginning of two or more word in succession, and ______ means words or syllables that have or end with the same sound as each other.9. Almost all cultures seem to have certain notions or things that people try to avoid mentioning directly. If people cannot avoid mentioning such notions or things, they often use ______.10. Gas in American English refers to ______ in British English. Tube in British means ______ in American English.Ⅱ. Key Terms1. synonym2. proverb3. slang4. taboo wordsⅢ. Translation1.道高一尺魔高一丈2.临时抱佛脚3.张三李四4.大海捞针5.打退堂鼓6.雷声大雨点小7.落汤鸡8.一丘之貉9.蜻蜓点水10.替罪羊11.the kiss of death12.at sixes and sevens13.the pot calling the kettle black14.a piece of cake15.have a big mouth16.Love me, love my dog.17.carry coals to Newcastle18.sit at somebody’s feet19.link somebody’s boots20.an eye for an eye21.hide one’s light under a bushel22.lion in the way23.cast pearls before swine24.a fly in the ointmentUnit EightⅠ. Fill in blanks1. The English words for 雌雄鸳鸯are ______.2. To be immune to means ______.3. ______is applied to a congregation of animals of one kind, especially sheep or goats herded by human beings.4. The stereotyped impressions on people of ______are 精明（jingming）.5. The people of ______are romantic.6. The cardinal principle we should bear in mind in conducting cross-cultural communication is this: _______. ______.7. In communicating with Westerners, the following advice can be helpful. ______, ______.8. Here-and-now communication is confined to the reach of man’s ______ and ______.9. ______ is a machine that sends a copy of a document by telephone.10. ______, ______ and ______ have virtually turned our mother earth into a global village.Ⅱ.Short Answer1. What’re the three extensions of man?2. What’re the main forms of telecomm unications?1. inquiring minds2. intriguing3. take leave of its senses4. immune system5. genetic studies6. global village7. cellular telephone8. stereotype9. Television transmission------There are several ways of sending an image to your television screen. The image may be transmitted via satellite to a satellite dish on your house, or it may be sent as a signal that will be picked up by an aerial on your roof or on the television. It can also be sent through an underground cable directly to your living room.。

胡文仲《跨文化交际学概论》章节练习(文化的定义与特性)【圣才出品】

第3章文化的定义与特性一、判断题1．一般认为，中国人之间的身体距离比西方人要小，尤其在公共场合。

（北京大学2010年研）【答案】正确【解析】中国人的体距比西方人的体距要小，在公共场合更是如此。

在大街上，中国人聚集在一起，彼此相距不过18英寸。

英语国家的人在一起时，如果有局外人走进l8英寸的范围，即使是在大庭广众之中，也一定会被看成是一种侵扰。

2．没有事先通知，临时邀请别人参加某个活动，不同文化背景的人都会认为这是不礼貌的行为。

（北京外国语大学2010年研）【答案】正确【解析】提前计划是现代社会生活的一个显著特点，西方国家的人使用的专用日记本主要是用作提前计划。

举凡会议、约会、社交活动等，都需事先通知，以便对方能早作安排。

临时通知对方参加某项活动会被认为是不礼貌的。

如果请人吃饭，需在一周甚至更早的时间发出邀请，临时邀请会使人感到缺乏诚意，往往遭到拒绝。

二、选择题1．非言语交际内容不包括（）。

（北京大学2010年研）A．手势B．眼神C．服饰D．职业【答案】D【解析】非语言交际指那些不通过语言手段的交际，包括手势、身势、眼神、微笑、沉默、面部表情、服饰、体触、体距、对于时间和空间的利用等等。

非语言交际与语言交际不同，它没有固定的规律和法则，也没有一套明确的符号，它可以连续不断地进行。

2．文化是人所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和，下列选项中（）不属于文化的三个层次。

A．物质文化B．社会文化C．观念文化D．娱乐文化【答案】D【解析】主张文化是人所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和者把文化分成的三个层次，分别是：①物质文化，它是经过人的主观意志加工改造过的；②社会文化，主要包括政治及经济制度、法律、文艺作品、人际关系、习惯行为等；③心理层次，或称观念文化，包括人的价值观念、思维方式、审美情趣、道德情操、宗教感情和民族心理等。

三、论述题1．在一次学校举办的运动会中，一个留学生对跑步得了第一名的老师说：“老师，你真棒！你跑得像狗一样快！”请从跨文化角度对此进行分析。

跨文化交际练习题

跨文化交际‎练习题讨论题1、在你的日常‎活动中哪些‎是比较典型‎的跨文化交‎际？2、你认为强调‎个人之间的‎文化差异有‎什么利弊？3、我国的地区‎文化差异是‎否可以作为‎跨文化交际‎研究的重要‎方面？4、跨文化交际‎学为什么产‎生在美国？5、在我国为什‎么是一批外‎语教师首先‎对于跨文化‎交际学感兴‎趣？6、跨文化交际‎学主要和哪‎些学科有密‎切的关系？为什么？7、为什么文化‎会有这么多‎不同的定义‎？8、你认为哪几‎个定义对于‎你了解文化‎的内涵有帮‎助？9、文化具有哪‎些特点？认识这些特‎点对我们有‎什么意义？10、在汉语中“交际”与“传播”的词义有何‎异同？11、为什么人类‎不能没有传‎播？12、传播在人类‎历史上起了‎什么作用？13华”在汉语中的‎文化内涵与‎b u ll在‎英语中的文‎化内涵有何‎异同？14、在语用规则‎方面你能否‎举例说明英‎语与汉语的‎某些差异？15、在语篇结构‎方面除了本‎章所讲的以‎外你认为英‎美人与中美‎人之间还有‎什么差异？16、如果比较语‎言交际和非‎语言交际，你认为哪个‎更重要？为什么？17、在非语言交‎际的各种手‎段中，你认为哪一‎种最容易引‎起误解？18、非语言交际‎是否一成不‎变？你能否举出‎例子说明它‎的变化？19、为什么在汉‎语的见面语‎中有许多是‎与当时情景‎相联系的提‎问？20、为什么在我‎国文化中如‎此重视谦虚‎？在改革开放‎的二十年中‎在这方面有‎无变化？21、为什么我国‎在许多地方‎有送重礼的‎习俗？近年来有无‎变化？22、中国传统的‎“五伦”在现代的社‎会中有什么‎改变？23、为什么在我‎国的单位在‎过去很长一‎段时间里“无所不包”？有什么益处‎和缺陷？24、中国人和美‎国人在对待‎友谊的态度‎上有什么异‎同？试举例说明‎。

25、Guy和M‎attoc‎k认为文化‎背景对于公‎司的特点以‎及谈判方式‎等具有很大‎的影响，你同意这种‎论断吗？26、在你的朋友‎中有没有在‎外企工作的‎？他们感到最‎不适应的是‎什么？27、外商在我国‎开公司办企‎业，他们的主要‎抱怨是什么‎？你有所了解‎吗？你对于这些‎问题作何解‎释？28、价值观是如‎何形成的？试举例说明‎。

跨文化交际期末考试复习题

跨文化交际期末考试复习题Define the following items：1.Culture: On the surface: customs and behaviorMore deeply: what the behavior and customs mean to the people whoare following themIn a word: Culture is all about meaningsHall: Culture is everything and everywheremunication：Communication is our ability to share our ideas and feelings. (thebasis of all human contact)3.intercultural communication：Intercultural communication is communication betweenpeople whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities。

4.high-context culture: In high-context messages, meaning is not necessarily contained inwords。

Information is provided through gestures，the use of space, and even silence。

跨文化交际视听说课后练习题含答案

跨文化交际视听说课后练习题含答案第一部分：听力理解听力练习题一：理解口音对话一A: Hi, I’m John. Nice to meet you.B: Hi John, nice to meet you too. My name is Li.A: Oh, where are you from, Li?B: I’m from China.A: Really? I’ve never been there. How do you like living here?B: It’s nice. But sometimes I miss my family and friends back home. 请回答下列问题：1.John是从哪里来的？2.对话中出现了几种文化？答案：1.John没有提到他来自哪里。

2.出现了两种文化：美国文化和中国文化。

对话二A: Hi, can I get a coffee with cream and sugar, please?B: Sure. Here you go.A: Thanks. Oh, by the way, I noticed you have an accent. Where are you from?B: I’m from Ireland. How did you know?A: Oh, it’s the way you pronounced “coffee”. You sd “caw-fee” instead of “coffee”.B: Yeah, that’s the way we say it in Ireland.请回答下列问题：1.A点了什么？2.B来自哪里？3.对话中提到了哪个单词？答案：1.A点了一杯加奶和糖的咖啡。

2.B来自爱尔兰。

3.对话中提到了“coffee”。

听力练习题二：理解方言对话一A: Hey y’all, how’s it going?B: Good, how ’bout yourself?A: Can’t compln. What’s up?B: Not much, just hangin’ out.A: Cool, me too. You mind if I join you?B: Not at all.请回答下列问题：1.说话者使用的方言是什么？2.对话中提到了几个短语？答案：1.说话者使用了南方美国方言。

跨文化交际选择题

跨文化交际选择题考试题型：1、Ture or False (15×1, 为课后练习题，会有改动)2、Multiple Choice (15×1, 为学过的分散在各个单元的知识点及课后练习中的重要内容)3、Cultural Puzzles (10×2, 阅读案例，选择最佳答案，部分案例是课本上的，其余是课外的)4、Filling in Blanks (10×2, 该题考察的是名词解释，四个选项下面配有两个句子，根据句子内容选择其中一个选项)5、Matching (10×1, 该题考察对跨文化理论的理解，在授课要点中的范围)6、In-Depth Reading (共20分，该题是拓展性阅读，主要考察对跨文化类文章的理解及跨文化知识的应用能力，分为Section A….选择题【5×2】；Section B….问答题【10】。

要求根据对文章的理解和掌握的跨文化知识回答问题，内容不会超出我们讲过的知识范围)选择题：Cultural Understanding of verbal and non-verbal communication1、American parents would ask their children’s opinion in family decision-makingbecause___________.A) American parents like being told by their children what to doB) American children have much power in the familyC) American parents take their children as an equalD) American parents are unable to make decisions themselves2、What is the best expression of the following you can use when you meet an American friend at the airportA) You must tired B) Did you have a good tripC) It is raining, isn’t it D) Thank you for coming3、What is a proper topic when you are talking with an AmericanA) the price of an item B) religion C) marital status D) hobbies4、 In English speaking countries, people tend to use all the greetings except_______________.A) how are you getting on B) how are thingsC) where have you been D) how’s life5、What is a proper response of the following to “Thank you. ”A) It is my duty to do so B) It doesn’t matter at allC) I quite understand it D) Don’t mention it6、Where a British friend is sick, you’d better say “__________” to your friend to show your concern.A) Drink plenty of water B) I do hope you’ll be feeling better soonC) put on more clothes D) Take medicine on time7、What is the Chinese equivalent of “reckless disregard for truth ”A) 躁动不安 B)为非作歹 C)实事求是 D)信口雌黄8、What is the meaning of “gilding the lily”A) Avoiding something to make a good thing even better.B) Spoiling something already fine by attempting to make it betterC) Turning excellence into perfectionD) Putting the lily in a golden frame to make it last longer9、Which of the following expression is considered a verbal taboo in EnglishA) pass away B) powder one’s nose C) damn it D) go to heaven210、Which of the following is the typical American thought patternA) Factual-inductive style B) Axiomatic-deductive styleC) Intutive-affective style D) Associative uniting style11、Which of the following does not have the same function that “副” fulfills in ChineseA) associate B) deputy C) lieutenant D) underline12、Which of the folling is not one of the social funcitons of complimentsA) greeting people B) starting a conversation C) criticizing people D) overcoming embarrassment13、What is the acceptable addressing of “Tom Smith” in American cultureA) Teacher Smith B) Mr. Tom C)Director Smith D) Professor Smith14、The word “dragon” is a word__________.A) with different associated meanings in Chinese B) without a counterpart in ChineseC) with the some primary meaning in Chinese D) with many more terms in Chinese15、When making an appointment with an American friend, which of the following expressions is the most appropriate oneA) I’m coming to see you this afternoon.B) You must stay at home waiting for me this afternoon.C) Could you come directly to my house this afternoon.D) I was wondering whether I could come round to visit you soemtime.16、Which of the following is not included in kinesicsA) posture B) stance C) body distance D) gesture17、Individualism has the following features except____________.A) strong family ties B)self-reliance C) freedom D) respect for individual rights18、M-time culture has the following features except__________.A) cutting time into bits B) taking dealines seriouslyC) scheduling one thing at a time D) more human-centered19、__________culture are typical P-time cultures.A) Latin American B) Northern American C) Western European D) Northern European20、In American culture, silence may be inerpreted as ___________.A) assertiveness B) thoughtfulness C) enthusiasm D)apathy21、Which culture tends to envelop each other in breath when talkingA) Arabian culture B) American culture C)British culture D) Chinese culture22、Which of the following is not included in chronemicsA) punctuality B) time orientation C) silence D) promptness23、What does the following gesture mean in some Latin American countriesA) money B) OK C) obscenity D) hostility24、Which of the following statement is untrueA) The American “come here ” gesture could be seen as an insult in most Asian countries.B) In most Asian cultures, a gentle grip and an avoidance of direct eye contact is appropriate.C) Right hand is considered unclean in much of the Middle East and in parts of Indonesia.D) Pointing with the index finger is common in North American and Europe.325、When an American is parking his bicycle and the bicycle accidentally falls over, he feels embarrassed at his awkwardness, and his quite angered and humiliated when Chinese onlookers laugh.A) Don’t take it so seriously. B) It’s nothing.C) You are really clumsy. D) Such things can happen to any of us.4。

胡文仲《跨文化交际学概论》章节练习(跨文化交际学)【圣才出品】

第2章跨文化交际学一、判断题1．文化不是先天所有，而是后天习得的。

（北京外国语大学2010年研）【答案】正确【解析】文化的特性包括：①文化是人类所独有的，是区别人类和动物的主要标志；②文化不是先天所有，而是通过后天习得的一个人具有什么文化并不取决于他的种族，而是取决于他生活的文化环境；③文化中的大部分是不自觉的；④文化是人们行动的指南；⑤文化是动态的，文化的形态与一定的历史时期相联系文化一旦形成就具有一定的稳定性，但同时又是不断变化的。

2．跨文化交际学在欧洲发展得比较早。

【答案】错误【解析】跨文化交际学在欧洲发展得比较晚，国际跨文化教育训练与研究学会（SIETAR International）在欧洲的分支SIETAR Europa已经存在多年，开过多次会议。

还有另一个研究跨文化交际的组织在北欧活动，除了平时通过因特网在会员之间保持联系以外，也定期召开国际会议。

二、案例分析与写作1．请根据以下材料，按照“发现问题—分析问题--解决问题”的思路，写一篇1500 字以上的案例分析，要求观点明确、材料充实、结构严谨、条理清楚、语言规范、卷面整洁。

（北京外国语大学2010年研）材料：李英是在北京某大学汉语国际教育专业二年级的研究生，通过国家汉办的志愿者考试，被派往美国，成为一名汉语教师志愿者。

一个偶然的机会，李英认识了正在学习汉语的大卫。

在他们聊天的过程中，李英提到她喜欢户外活动，比如爬山、远足、露营等等。

大卫建议一起到城外附近的地方去爬山。

李英想了解当地的文化习俗，体验一下当地的生活方式，于是高兴地答应了，而且主动承诺做好一切准备。

但考虑到自己是女孩子，单独跟一个男孩子在一起不方便，于是邀请了自己的一些朋友跟自己一起去。

当他们再次见面的时候，李英和她的中国朋友们一起和大卫见了面，总共有十多个人。

大卫看上去不高兴，但什么也没说。

他尽量躲开其他人。

李英注意到他失望的表情，和落落寡欢的样子，但是不能理解。

她不明白，自己作了那么大的努力，承担了那么多的准备工作，而大卫却不高兴，究竟是为什么。

胡文仲《跨文化交际学概论》章节练习(9-12章)【圣才出品】

第9章经营管理一、简答题1．简述关于经营管理与文化关系的研究答：（1）Vincent Guy和John Mattock的《国际工商管理》①Vincent Guy和John Mattock在他们合著的《国际工商管理》一书中对于文化与交易的关系作了形象的描述。

②他们把文化背景、公司特点、个人性格、谈判技巧、谈判时机、谈判方式由下向上像金字塔一样作了排列，如图所示：③在所有因素中文化背景是最根本的，文化背景决定了其他的方面。

只有了解彼方的文化背景、公司特点和个人性格，才能决定谈判的技巧、时机和谈判方式，也才能取得交易的成功。

（2）日本的经营管理模式与他们的文化有着十分密切的关系Boye de Mente在《洞察日本文化一一对日经商之道》一书中指出，在日本经商要取得成功必须知道三条基本原则：①你必须有日本人要购买的产品和售后服务。

②你在日本必须有一个广泛的联系网。

③你必须具有足够的跨越文化的交际技能。

（3）路英浩所著《开放前沿的文化震荡》一书对于我国三资企业中的各层次的文化冲突作了细致的分析。

他指出，文化冲突产生在几个不同的层次，有的属于显形文化的层次，有的属于价值观和行为规范方面，有的是认知模式方面的问题，有的甚至是制度性文化的冲突。

（4）西方国家的学者对我国与西方国家在经贸和经营管理方面的差异加强了研究①Lane Kelley和Oded Shenkar合编的《在中国的国际工商业》，书中对于中国的投资环境、经济发展前景、独资合资企业的管理、贸易谈判风格等作了深入的探讨。

②Christopher Enfholm在1994年出版了《在亚洲蓬勃发展的“中国三角”经商》，对于在中国大陆、香港和台湾地区投资的方方面面作了详尽的分析。

美国学者对于日本、墨西哥、澳大利亚与美国的文化分歧也作了大量研究。

2．简述“X—Y”理论。

答：美国社会心理学家麦格雷戈于1957年创立了“X—Y”理论：（1）X理论对于人的本性的假设①一般人生性懒惰，希望工作越少越好。

新编跨文化交际英语教程课后练习题含答案

新编跨文化交际英语教程课后练习题含答案介绍跨文化交际英语教程是针对外语专业学生开设的一门课程，旨在培养学生跨越语言和文化差异的能力。

本文档是新编跨文化交际英语教程的课后练习题，含有答案。

练习题Unit 1 练习题1.What is culture? How does it affect communication?2.Can you give some examples of cultural differences betweenChina and your country?3.Why is it important to be aware of cultural differences incommunication?4.What are the advantages of studying cross-culturalcommunication?5.What are the challenges of cross-cultural communication?答案1.Culture refers to the shared values, beliefs, customs,behaviors, attitudes, and artifacts that characterize a group orsociety. Culture can affect communication in many ways, such asthrough differences in language, nonverbal cues, social norms, and power structures.2.答案根据不同国家而异。

1。

胡文仲《跨文化交际学概论》章节练习(交际)【圣才出品】

第4章交际一、填空题1．在跨文化交际时人们常常理所当然地以本国文化的准则和社会规范作为解释和评价别人行为的标准，这就是被学者们称为“______”的现象。

（厦门大学2011年研）【答案】语用迁移【解析】语用迁移是指在跨文化交际时，人们常常理所当然地以本国文化的准则和社会规范作为解释和评价别人行为的标准，这种迁移必然导致交际失败，并产生较大的心理或社会距离。

2．《人民日报》属于________传播。

【答案】大众【解析】《人民日报》属于大众传播。

大众传播是职业化的传播机构利用机械化、电子化的技术手段向不特定的多数人传送信息的行为或过程。

这包括报刊杂志、广播电视、因特网上的各种信息等。

二、案例分析与写作请根据以下材料，按照“发现问题—分析问题--解决问题”的思路，写一篇1500 字以上的案例分析，要求观点明确、材料充实、结构严谨、条理清楚、语言规范、卷面整洁。

（首都师范大学2010年研）材料：小张是一名刚刚毕业的大学生，毕业后通过汉办的志愿者选拔，被派往美国，成为一名汉语教师志愿者。

抵美后，他被安排吃、住在一位美国人家里。

他希望和房东搞好关系，在入住的当天，就送了一份比较贵重的礼物表达心意。

房东彬彬有礼地接受了礼物，然后热情地介绍家里的情况，并跟他约法三章，说明什么可以做、什么不可以做，小张一一应允。

在随后的生活中，小张发现，自己不像想象的那样能够适应美国饭菜，就偶尔做做中国饭，虽然很小心，却常被房东提醒油烟太大。

房东一家是基督徒，有时也邀请他一起去教堂，小张礼貌地回绝了。

三个月后，小张觉得在房东家的生活寂寞无味，跟房东的关系不冷不热，很苦恼，但不知如何改变。

小张所任教的学校，是一所私立高中，校规严格。

不过学生们学习中文的热情很高，也非常渴望了解中国，常常请求小张教一些教学计划以外的内容，小张都尽可能地满足了学生们的愿望。

小张是个勤奋的老师，每次课都准备得非常充分，想方设法让教学生动有趣，受到了学生们的欢迎，很多学生因此成了他的朋友。

常熟理工学院跨文化交际复习题

完形填空1.The20th century witnessed great change in communication technology.International communication that only a few decades ago took days,if not weeks,now takes seconds. With e-mail,faxes,the Internet,satellites,and telephones we can____1____our international partners at a moment’s notice.If we want a more personal exchange, teleconferencing is almost like bringing the other person____2____into our office.And if we want a true face-to-facediscussion,jets can take us anywhere within hours.The variety of channels of communication is truly____3____.The choice of which channel to use in a particular situation is influenced by____4____priorities and values.The changes in technology have facilitated the exchange of ideas,but they also have amplified the possibilities for cultural misunderstanding.It is so easy to____5____that the person on the other end of the line(or e-mail or cell phone connection)communicates just as we do.After all,he or she uses the same technology and maybe even the same business terminology.In addition to changes in technology,there have been massive political and economic changes in recent____6____that affect business communication internationally.China is adopting a market-oriented economy with its ownunique____7____;India is embracing Web and cell phone communication.Small industrialized countries resent being bullied by big ones.Non-Western countries are becoming more assertive and protective of their cultural values and behaviors and do not accept Western business practices quietly any longer.In recent years the activity of international terrorists has generated increased vigilance around the world;Internet____8____are also a present threat to global communication channels.As a result,understanding other cultures is more____9____than ever.If we consider that people with the same economic,political,and cultural background have problems communicating effectively,we can appreciate the difficulties and challenges that people from diverse cultures face when trying to communicateMisunderstandings will always be a part of intercultural communication.But they can be ____10____through an awareness of the priorities and expectations of the business partners.1.contact2.right3.amazing4.cultural5.assume6.decades7.characteristics8.viruses9.important10.minimizedCulture is necessary for the survival and existence of human beings as human beings. Practically everything humans know,think,value,feel and do is learned through ___1___in a socio-cultural system.The few well-documented cases of children who are isolated from society in their early years support this statement.People have always been interested in___2___human beings would develop in a“culture-free”setting.Today it is considered immoral to isolate individuals at birth for experimental reasons,but such experimentation was attempted in the past.The Egyptian pharaoh tried to discover what language children would“naturally”___3___if they were reared where they could hear no human voice.He ordered two infants to be___4___from society and had them brought up without the sound of any human speech.He assumed that they would“naturally”talk in the language of their ancestors,and to his ears,their babbling sounded like Phrygian,an ancient Mediterranean tongue.In the fifteenth century,King James IV of Scotland tried a similar experiment and claimed his two infants spoke in Hebrew,the language of the ___5___of the Bible.Both monarchs were mistaken,of course.Now we know that children learn human language in the same way they learn other kinds of human development–by participation in a cultural community.They learn a specific human language as well as specific kinds of human___6___through their membership in a specific___7___community.The cases of the wolf-children make fascinating reading.But more importantly,they emphasize that we as human beings can only develop our potential by growing up in close___8___with other human beings.Schools teach children cultural elements directly through such subjects as history, language,and science.But they also teach children___9___;they implant the values of their specific culture by what they require children to do or not do.If the wolf-children were to be educated in a modern school,they might have an educational experience similar to those of other children.Although culture restricts us to certain kinds of values,thoughts and behavior,culture is also what allows us to___10___our human qualities and abilities. The price that we pay for being human is that we become human in a culturally specific way.1.participation2.how3.speak4.isolated5.Bible6.behavior7.cultural8.association9. indirectly10.developCommunication is central to our existence.It is through____1____that we learn who we are,and what the world around us is like.To a large____2____,our identity as both individual and cultural being is shaped through communication.Through this,we explore the world around us,and____3____bonds,networks,and relationships with other people. Communication permits us to____4____our thoughts and feelings to others,and to satisfy our emotional and____5____needs as we learn to communicate better,we begin to achieve some measure of control over events that affect us and those around us.There are three basic aspects to communication:our individual personality,the culture we operate in,and the physical____6____that surrounds us.Each of these aspects has a(n)____7____on what and how we communicate.Communication is transactional.Each person encodes and sends messages,and in turn receives and decodes____8____.The coding and decoding process is primarily culture-based and involves a diverse set of elements,including words,gestures, ____9____,values,etc.Whether a communication is successful or not depends greatly on the circumstances.The key is whether the participants have some____10____ cultural background,knowledge and experiences.In cross-cultural situations,this shared area may be very small.munication2.extent3.establish4.express5.material6.environment7.influence8.messages9.symbols10.similarJapan and China are close geographically,and much of their philosophical and cultural heritage is a shared legacy.It is natural,therefore,for people unfamiliar with the Eastern world to overlook differences between these two cultures.This is clearly reflected in cross-cultural communication studies,which focus on comparisons and contrasts of ___1___and Western perspectives.Typically,Asian cultures(such as Japanese,Chinese, and Korean)are studied with reference to,or in contrast to,___2___cultures such as the United States.The tendency to consider Chinese and Japanese cultures as very similar to each other is also found in major intercultural communication textbooks,where maximal cultural differences are presented,implicitly or explicitly,between Asian and U.S. American cultures.Much cross-cultural communication research has explored the ___3___between culture and various types of communication behavior using the construct of individualism and collectivism.Hofstede’s work,and that of others since, concludes that Eastern cultures are more___4___than European and North American cultures.A large number of cross-cultural and intercultural communication studies have assumed this East-West difference as a starting point for investigation of the cultural ___5___on a range of communication practices,from in-group and out-group relationships,to conflict styles,to communication goals.Furthermore,past cross-cultural research has suggested that a collectivistic orientation is closely related to a high-context communication style.This view has often led to an assumption that Japanese and Chinese cultures employ___6___communication styles,that is,a mode of communication in which most of the information is conveyed by context,and little is expressed in explicit verbal messages.This focus on the East-West contrast,together with a reliance on one dimension for comparison,has emphasized___7___between Japan and China.In the past,cross-cultural communication studies have___8___both Japanese and Chinese as collectivistic cultures,and thus,by comparison to Western cultures,both Japanese and Chinese are presumed to employ high-context communication.As a result,differences between these two Eastern cultures,as is true for all non-Western cultures,have been largely___9___.Moreover,research in the past has largely taken a positivistic approach,with operational definitions of the concepts in the studies based on Western thinking.This approach is inadequate for identifying subtle nuances or underlying differences in the diverse cultures classified as collectivistic, because from a Western perspective these___10___differences are often regarded as unimportant.1.Eastern2.Western3.relation4.collectivistic5.influence6.high-context7.similarities8.classified9.overlooked 10.subtleBeyond M-time and P-time,Hall also_____1_____five time zones for arrivinglate for appointments in accordance with European American reflections: _____2_____something time(5-10minutes late,approximately);_____3_____apology time(10-15minutes late,approximately);mildly_____4_____or serious apology time(15-30minutes late);____5_____time(30-45minutes late);_____6_____insulting time(45-60minutes late).For people who follow M-time_____7_____strictly(e.g.many northern Europeans and European Americans),their working unit of time is the5-minute block.If they are5minutes late for an appointment,they mumble something.If they are15minutes late–a block of time_____8_____three significant units–they are expected to make a slight apology.If they are30 minutes late,they are expected to offer a serious apology with a_____9_____ reason for their lateness.For other cultures,such as some of the Arab and Latin American cultures, if they are30minutes late,they may not even“mumble something”to express an apology,especially when the reason concerns taking care of family or kinship affairs.They will expect_____10_____from those who are waiting for them.1.differentiates2.mumble3.slight4.insulting5.rude6.downright7.schedules8.representing9.persuasive10.UnderstandingCompetition is part of an American’s life from early childhood on.Whether it be the games we play or our striving to be more______1______than the person we are sitting next to in class,our______2______nature is encouraged in the United States.We are ranked,graded,classified,and_____3_____so that we will know if we are“the best”.In sports and at work,we are told the importance of“being number one.”Young people are even advised that if they lose and it does not bother them,there is something ______4______with them.As is the case with all the patterns found in a culture,the origin of a specific pattern has a long history.Notice the call for competition in the following proverb—written at the beginning of the first century by the Roman philosopher Ovid:“A horse never runs so fast as when he has other horses to catch up and outpace.”The ______5______was clear then and it is clear now—we need to“______6______”all the other horses.Competition is yet another pattern that often causes problems for Americans when they______7______with people who do not espouse this value.Harris and Moran offer an______8______example of this problem as it applies to the French:When______9______with individuals with a competitive drive,the French may ______10______them as being antagonistic,ruthless,and power-hungry.They may feel threatened,and overreact or withdraw from the discussion.1.attractivepetitive3.evaluated4.wrong5.message6.outpace7.interact8.explicit9.confronted10.interpretThe anxiety one experiences when moving to a new place is a1combination of emotions,and often a foreign feeling in itself.This confusing jumble of emotions has been dubbed“Culture Shock”and yes,we all experience it.Every day we use signs and familiar markings to2ourselves.The signs often come in the form of3with others and with the place we’re in.Based on the social standards you adhere to,you use these interactions to appropriately position yourself to function throughout the day.These4can be as simple as a waiter nodding his head,indicating he’s ready to take your order or the markings on the road that show you where it’s safe to cross.It’s the5of these small signals that give peace of mind, and suggest that you do in fact understand what’s going on in the world around you.But what happens when a nod no longer means“I’m ready,”and the markings on the road no longer indicate it’s safe to cross?That’s where Culture Shock comes in.After being placed in a foreign culture,the 6of where you are,and just how far away you are from your home will inevitably set in.This is where one begins to experience the7of culture shock.Culture Shock is often divided into three stages of emotion:Commonly known as“The Honeymoon Stage.”This is characterized by the8and joy of everything around you that is new.Resentment.Feelings of9,nervousness,anxiety and related emotions lead to a general resentment of the new society and its culture.Adjustment.Soon you will be to recognize cultural signs and symbols and function at a proficient level,near how you functioned back home.This stage shows you are on the path to full10and enjoyment of the new culture.arre2.orient3.interactions4.cues5.accumulation6.realization7.symptoms8.embrace9.inadequacy10.immersionAlthough there is still some disagreement among communication scholars about how best to conceptualize and measure communication competence,there is increasing1about certain of its fundamental characteristics.The following definition of communication competence illustrates the2components of their approach: Competent communication is interaction that is perceived as effective in fulfilling certain rewarding objectives in a way that is also appropriate to the context in which the interaction occurs.This definition provides3for understanding communicative and intercultural competence in several ways.A key word is4because it means that competence is best5by the people who are interacting with each other.In other words, communicative competence is a social6about how7a person interacts with others.That competence involves a social perception suggests that it will always be specific to the context and interpersonal8within which it occurs.Therefore,whereas judgments of competence are influenced by an9of an individual’s personal characteristics,they can not be wholly determined by them,because competence involves an10between people.1.agreement2.key3.guidance4.perceived5.determined6.judgment7.well8.relationship9.assessment10.interactionThe20th century witnessed great change in communication tec The English,as a race, have the reputation of being very different from all other nationalities,including their closest1,the French,Belgians and Dutch.It is claimed that living on an island separated from the rest of Europe has much to do with it.2the reasons,it may be fairly stated that the Englishman has developed many attitudes and habits which3him from other nationalities.Broadly speaking,the Englishman is a quiet,shy,4person who is fully relaxed only among people he knows well.In the presence of strangers or foreigners he often seems inhibited,even embarrassed.You have only to witness a commuter train any morning or evening to see the5of this.Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their6or dozing in a corner;no one7.In fact, to do so would seem most unusual.There is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behaviour which,if broken,makes the person8the object of suspicion.It is a well-known fact that the English have an obsession with their9and that, given half a chance,they will talk about it at length.Some people argue that it is because English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest and speculation to everyone.In fact,so10is the weather that even the weatherman can’t be accurate in his predictions.The11visitors may be excused for showing surprise at the number of references to weather that the English make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often12greetings are replaced by comments on the weather.“Nice day,isn’t it?”“Beautiful!”may well be heard instead of“Good morning,how are you?”13the visitor may consider this exaggerated and comic,it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage.If he wants to start a conversation with an Englishman(or woman) but is at a loss to know where to begin,he could do well to14the state of the weather. It is a safe15which will provoke an answer from even the most reserved of Englishmen.1.neighbours2.Whatever3.distinguish4. reserved5.truth6.newspapers7.speaks8.immediately9. weather10.variable11.overseas12.conventional13.Although14. mention15.subject选择题第一．1.In the United States,life is seen as a set of problems to be solved.For Chinese, however,life is seen as a set of situations to be accepted.This difference can explain _____.正确答案：正确A.attitudinal problems2.A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. This case reflects the_______---one of the characteristics of subgroups.正确答案：正确 C.“wanna-be”behavior3.When you grow up in one culture,you learn one way of classifying,coding,prioritizing, and justifying reality.All the activities of learning one’s culture are called______.正确答案：正确A.enculturationmunication does not occur in isolation or in a vacuum,but rather it takes place in a physical and a social context;both establish the rules that govern the interaction.It reflects_____.正确答案：正确 munication is systematic5.The dialogues between nations and governments at the United Nations,for example, would be termed_________.正确答案：正确 C.international communication6.The“American dream”is clearly a representation of_____.问题6答案所选答案：正确 B.individualism正确答案：正确 B.individualism7.When you are hungry,you are more likely to attend to food advertisements.This case reflects the step for_____in the perception process.正确答案：正确A.selection8.______refers to hostile words and/or actions that people say or do against a certain group because that group is different.正确答案：正确A.Hate speech9.Assumption of superiority may lead to_____,people everywhere tend to assume their own culture is right and normal,and to assess all other cultures by how closely they resemble their own.正确答案：正确 C.Ethnocentrism10.Taboo refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for_____reasons.正确答案：正确 C.religious or social11.Cultural impact on______patterns is to be classified into two categories:direct plan and indirect plan.正确答案：正确 B.discourse12.Chromatics refers to the study of____use in affecting people’s mood,emotions,and impression of others.正确答案：正确 C.color13.In the Japanese society,knowing the_____of the people with whom you come in contact is important.正确答案：正确 C.rank14.In the United States,the main meal is______.正确答案：正确 C.in the evening15.Haptics refers to communicating through the use of__________contact.正确答案：正确 D.bodily16.The United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants each year and is referred to as a melting-pot society.This trend can reflect the theory of_____.正确答案：正确A.macroculture17.Jackie Chan(a well-known Chinese movie star)once said“Wherever I go,I am Chinese.”So we can say Jackie Chan has a sense of belonging to Chinese culture.This sense of belonging is called_____.正确答案：正确 C.cultural identity18.Mr.Wang,a Chinese immigrate in the U.S,has adapted himself so well to American culture that he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity.This process is called_____.正确答案：正确 C.assimilation19._____is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.正确答案：正确 C.Encoding20.In China,if a Tibetan communicates with a Han,it is_____.正确答案：正确 B.interethnic communication第二．1.According to Marxist philosophy,globalization is what people in the third world have already experienced for several centuries.It is called________.正确答案：正确 B.colonization2.________takes place when individuals become an integral part of the new culture while maintaining their cultural integrity.正确答案：正确 B.Integration3.________refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.正确答案：正确A.Noise4._________is typically used to refer to the study of a particular idea or concept within many cultures.The goal of such investigations is to conduct a series of intercultural analyses in order to compare on culture to another on the attributes of interest.正确答案：正确 C.Cross-cultural communication5.________refers to belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe.正确答案：正确 B.Religion6._______refers to attaching meaning to sense data and is synonymous with decoding.正确答案：正确 B.Interpretation7.______is any policy,practice,belief or attitude that attributes characteristics or status to individuals based on their race.正确答案：正确 C.Racism8._____style uses moderate amount of talk with low uncertainty avoidance,and is common in low-context culture.正确答案：正确 B.Exacting9.Direct plan is favored by____cultures with deductive patterns.正确答案：正确A.results-oriented10._____is the study of how people perceive and use time.正确答案：正确A.Chronemics11._____is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan.正确答案：正确A.Bowing12.__________stresses that it is important that others’behavior is no longer evaluated as good or bad,as viewed through the filtering cultural lenses,but that people have different approaches to different people.正确答案：正确 C.Ethnorelativity13.__________refers to the specific behaviors through which individuals’capacity to express cognitive and affective experiences outwardly is shown.正确答案：正确 C.The behavioral competence14._____style focuses on the speaker and role relationships.People with such communication style stress high power distance.This style is popular in collectivist and high-context culture.正确答案：正确A.Contextual15.Which of the following statements about macro-culture is true?_____正确答案：正确 B.It implies losing ethnic differences and forming one large society.16.iewed from a(n)________standpoint,globalization is considered as a process of increasing involvement in international business operations.正确答案：正确A.sociological17.______refer to rules for appropriate behaviors,which provide the expectations people have of one another and of others.正确答案：正确 D.Norms18.______refer(s)to maintaining one’s original culture and not participating in the new culture.正确答案：正确A.Separation and segregation19.The_____is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.正确答案：正确 B.source20._______refers to communication between people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds.正确答案：正确A.Interethnic Communication第三．1.Which of the following practices is not acceptable in intercultural communication? _____正确答案：正确A.Attempting to stifle and ignore an organization’s culture diversity.2.A_____resembles a culture in that it usually encompasses a relatively large number of people and represents the accumulation of generations of human striving.正确答案：正确 C.subculture3._____refers to one’s sense of belongs to a particular culture or ethnic group.正确答案：正确A.Cultural identity4._____is a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs,values,and norms,which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.正确答案：正确 B.Culture5._____is the first stage of the culture shock where everything is new and exciting.正确答案：正确 C.Honeymoon stage6._______refers to an individual’s learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture.正确答案：正确A.Acculturation7._____is the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication.正确答案：正确A.Context8.Hofstede’s_____index measures the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions(like the family)accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.正确答案：正确 D.power distance9._______affect what people are more likely to attend to.正确答案：正确A.Needs10.______refers to the irrational dislike,suspicion,or hatred of a particular group,race, religion,or sexual orientation.正确答案：正确A.Prejudice11._____means the act of substituting a mild,indirect,or vague term for one considered harsh,blunt,or offensive.正确答案：正确A.Euphemism12.An indirect plan with inductive pattern is favored by______culture.正确答案：正确 B.relationship-oriented13.____refers to intentional use of nonspoken symbol to communicate a specific message.正确答案：正确 C.Nonverbal communication14._____refers to manners and behaviors considered acceptable in social and business situation.正确答案：正确 D.Etiquette15.The_________refers to the ability to understand and adapt to the target culture;in another word,it refers to the sensitivity to cultural diversity,i.e.the ability to behave in an appropriate way and to regulate one’s communication and interaction according to the context.正确答案：正确A.intercultural competence16.Which of the following statements about intercultural communication is not true? _____正确答案：正确 C.During the process of intercultural communication,one should turn one’s back on one’s own culture.17._____,although also part of the dominant culture,are groups with which the dominant culture does not agree with and with which it has communication problems.正确答案：正确 B.Subgroups18._____is the socialization process you go through to adapt to your society.正确答案：正确 D.Enculturation19.______refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.正确答案：正确 D.Culture shock20._____refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.正确答案：正确 D.Feedback1.______refers to belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe.正确答案：正确 B.Religion2._____is the traditional way of greeting in Northeast Asian countries like Korea and Japan.正确答案：正确A.Bowing3.Cultures,such as China and Japan,belong to_____cultures.正确答案：正确 B.high-context4.In written business communication,the opening of American style is______.正确答案：正确 C.direct to objective5.4feet to12feet,the distance between salespeople and customers and between people who work together,is called_______zone.正确答案：正确 C.social6.Haptics refers to communicating through the use of_______contact.正确答案：正确 D.bodily7.In the United States,the main meal is______.正确答案：正确 C.in the evening8.____refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.正确答案：正确 B.Taboo9.In the Japanese society,knowing the_____of the people with whom you come in contact is important.正确答案：正确 C.rank10.The dialogues between nations and governments at the United Nations,for example, would be termed________.正确答案：正确 C.international communication1.Chromatics refers to the study of____use in affecting people’s mood,emotions,and impression of others.正确答案：正确 C.color2._____style focuses on the speaker and role relationships.People with such communication style stress high power distance.This style is popular in collectivist and high-context culture.正确答案：正确A.Contextual3._____refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.正确答案：正确 D.Feedback4.Taboo refers to some words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for_____reasons.正确答案：正确 C.religious or social5.______refers to communication between people of the same race but different ethnic backgrounds.正确答案：正确A.Interethnic Communication6.______is assuming that a person has certain qualities(good or bad)just because the person is a member of a specific group.正确答案：正确 D.Stereotyping7._____is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.正确答案：正确 C.Encoding8.Cultural impact on______patterns is to be classified into two categories:direct plan and indirect plan.正确答案：正确 B.discourse9._____is the way we use fixed space and personal space.正确答案：正确 B.Proxemics10._____refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture.正确答案：正确 D.Culture shock。

(完整版)跨文化交际复习题和答案解析

判断题T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years. 作为一种现象，跨文化传播已经存在了数千年。

然而，作为一门学科，它的历史只有大约五十年。

F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe. 跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科F 3 Culture is a static entity 静态的实体 while communication is a dynamic process. 文化是一个静态的实体而沟通是一个动态的过程T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given 约定的特定的 culture. 文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识，人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮演适当的行为T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization),it still contributes to a perso n’s cultural cognition.认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性，但仍有助于人的文化认知。

T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization. 在跨文化交际中，我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开。

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跨文化交际练习题讨论题1、在你的日常活动中哪些是比较典型的跨文化交际？2、你认为强调个人之间的文化差异有什么利弊？3、我国的地区文化差异是否可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面？4、跨文化交际学为什么产生在美国？5、在我国为什么是一批外语教师首先对于跨文化交际学感兴趣？6、跨文化交际学主要和哪些学科有密切的关系？为什么？7、为什么文化会有这么多不同的定义？8、你认为哪几个定义对于你了解文化的内涵有帮助？9、文化具有哪些特点？认识这些特点对我们有什么意义？10、在汉语中“交际”与“传播”的词义有何异同？11、为什么人类不能没有传播？12、传播在人类历史上起了什么作用？13华”在汉语中的文化内涵与bull在英语中的文化内涵有何异同？14、在语用规则方面你能否举例说明英语与汉语的某些差异？15、在语篇结构方面除了本章所讲的以外你认为英美人与中美人之间还有什么差异？16、如果比较语言交际和非语言交际，你认为哪个更重要？为什么？17、在非语言交际的各种手段中，你认为哪一种最容易引起误解？18、非语言交际是否一成不变？你能否举出例子说明它的变化？19、为什么在汉语的见面语中有许多是与当时情景相联系的提问？20、为什么在我国文化中如此重视谦虚？在改革开放的二十年中在这方面有无变化？21、为什么我国在许多地方有送重礼的习俗？近年来有无变化？22、中国传统的“五伦”在现代的社会中有什么改变？23、为什么在我国的单位在过去很长一段时间里“无所不包”？有什么益处和缺陷？24、中国人和美国人在对待友谊的态度上有什么异同？试举例说明。

25、Guy和Mattock认为文化背景对于公司的特点以及谈判方式等具有很大的影响，你同意这种论断吗？26、在你的朋友中有没有在外企工作的？他们感到最不适应的是什么？27、外商在我国开公司办企业，他们的主要抱怨是什么？你有所了解吗？你对于这些问题作何解释？28、价值观是如何形成的？试举例说明。

29、价值观与社会习俗比较，哪一个更难改变？30、价值观在什么条件下更容易改变？试举例说明。

31、人们为什么常常会期望其他民族与自己一样？32、请用英语释义的词典查以下几个词并说明它们有什么区别：generalizationcategorizationstereotype33、我们当中有哪些刻板印象是比较典型的？试举例。

34、在和其他国家的人士接触的过程中，你感到最难适应的是什么？35、不同年龄段的人在对异文化的适应方面是否有区别？你认为原因何在？36、除了书中所列的跨文化训练的各种方法以外，你还有什么其它建议？37、How do you think culture and communication are related?38、What are the barriers you experienced in intercultural communication? And how did you handle them?39、 Work in groups to decide which of the following belong to overt culture and which to covert:A. What and how people eatB. How to keep healthyC. How to raise childrenD. How to do businessE. How to use timeF. How to introduce peopleG. How to participate in ceremoniesH. Rules for facial expressions and eye contactI. RitualsJ. EtiquetteK. Work speedL. What is right or wrong, beautiful or ugly, clean or dirty, good or bad,etc.M. Theories of disease, sin, death, god or gods, sanity, self, etc. 40、 Can you add more to the above list? Which of them do you think are more likely to cause problems in intercultural communication? And why do you think they are?41、Study the following two versions of the same spoken discourse presented in a business meeting between a Hong Kong Chinese and an Anglo —North American businessman. Decide in small groups, which one might be given by a Chinese and which by an American. Why？42、 We know that Westerners tend to distinguish mind from body, people from nature, and God from humankind, while Chinese are used to looking at the world as a whole unit. Now compare the Western Medicine and the traditional Chinese Medicine. Are there any differences? Do the differences reflect to some extent different world views? If yes, try to name these two world views.43、In China we address a stranger with an advanced age ‚Grandpa‛ or ‚Grandma‛. Why do we do so since that stranger is not connected to us by blood? How does this sound to an English ear?44、Chinese routinely use many position-linked or occupation-linked titles to address people, such as王经理, 马局长, 张主任, 李医生, etc. Discuss why? Do Americans have similar customs?45、Find as many expressions and proverbs as possible relating to time in English and Chinese respectively. Examples are: ‚Time is money.‛‚Bu zhaoji, manman lai ‛(不着急，慢慢来). Then sum up and compare their attitudes towards time案例分析1.Two men meet on a plane from Tokyo to Hong Kong. Chu Hon-fei isa Hong Kong exporter who is returning from a business trip to Japan. Andrew Richardson is an American buyer on his first business trip to Hong Kong. It Is a convenient meeting for them because Mr. Chu’s company sells some of the products Mr. Richardson has some to Hong Kong to buy. After a bit of conversation they introduce themselves to each other.Mr. Richardson: By the way, I’m Andrew Richardson. My friends call me Andy. This is my business card.Mr. Chu: I’m David Chu. Pleased to meet you, Mr. Richardson. This is my card.Mr. Richardson: No, no. Call me Andy. I think we’ll be doing a lot of business together.Mr. Chu: Yes, I hope so.Mr. Richardson (reading Mr. Chu’s card ) : Chu, Hon-fei. Hon-fei, I’ll give you a call tomorrow as soon as I get settled at my hotel.Mr Chu (smiling): Yes, I’ll expect your call.When these two men separate, they leave each other with very different impressions of the situation. Mr. Richardson is very pleased to have made the acquaintance of Mr. Chu and feels they have gotten off to a very good start. They have established their relationship on a first-name basis and Mr. Chu’s smile seems to indicate that he will be friendly and easy to do business with. Mr. Richardson is very particularly pleased that he has treated Mr. Chu with respect for his Chinese background by calling him Hon-fei rather than using the western name, David, which seems to him an unnecessary imposition of western culture.In contrast, Mr. Chu feels quite uncomfortable with Mr. Richardson. He feels it will be difficult to work with him, and that Mr. Richardson might be rather insensitive to cultural differences. He is particularly bothered that Mr. Richardson used his given name, Hon-fei, instead of either David or Mr. Chu.How do you account for their different impressions? Does culture play a role in the communication between these two men?2.During the American Civil War, a very hungry young man fell down in front of a farm gate. The farmer gave him food but in return he asked the young man to move a pile of wood in his yard—in fact it was not at all necessary to move the wood back to its original place. Seeing all this, farmer’s son was confused.1). Why did the farmer do that?2). What values are reflected in this story?3. Dear Mary,We work in the typing pool of a large London store and are very concerned for the welfare of one of our young colleagues.She is only 19, unmarried, and has become very friendly with a young man who works in one of the departments of the store. He pops into the typing pool to see her and there. We know that he is engaged to a girl who lives near him.We feel for the protection of the girl, that we should complain to the general manager. But we wouldn’t like anybody to get the sack. Four Worried TypistsThe answer from the columnist:My advice is simple: Mind your own business. The girl is old enough to know what she is doing.1)What value can we see behind the letter and answer?4.As a foreign student at the University of Wisconsin in Madison, Keiko Ihara was on a strict budget. She had all her tuition and books paid for by scholarships and grants and until recently was comfortably housed inthe dormitory, she found a small apartment to share with a friend. Her college friends, knowing of her situation, offered to round up some of the necessary items for apartment living. Keiko politely declined, saying she could manage. Wanting to help out her friends found some old but still usable household appliances and furniture. Mary had an old desk that was in her garage. Ed had some chairs from his uncle, and Joe and Marion had a few extra dishes. They cheerfully brought them over one day. Keiko seemed very embarrassed, but gracefully accepted them, sincerely and profusely thanked them.The following week they were each presented with a gift from Keiko. Mary got an ornate jewelry box, Ed a volume of woodcuts by a famous Japanese artist, and Joe and Marion a beautiful Japanese case, all of which were of considerable worth and value, much more than the old things they had donated to her. They all protested that she could not afford to give such elaborate gifts; they really expected nothing as the household items were not really being used and they would rather have her use them. Keiko, however, insisted that they take the gifts. In the end, they accepted the gifts, although they all felt uncomfortable as they knew she was really sacrificing to give them.1)What do you think of Keiko insisting on giving valuable gifts to hercollege friends?2)How would you feel if Keiko presented you with a gift for your help?5.Environments significantly influence one’s cognition, effect, and behavior. One feels the impact of the different culture especially when one comes into a foreign country. Shen-Lan, who is from Taiwan, was satisfied for her first twenty-five years of life because she was surrounded by the people who have loved her and whom she has loved. Her friends used to ask her why she looked very happy all time. Even though her parents limited her behavior or activities because of social bias, she accepted those controls because she understood her parents really loved her. Also, her parents did everything for her, such as taking care of her, cooking for her and making decisions for her. She complied with what her parents expected. She had never left home before she came to America. When she came to America, culture shock obviously influenced her self-concept, self-esteem, and self-presentation.In Chinese culture, she was taught to be interdependent. She had to care not only about herself but also about the people who were around her, for example parents, siblings, and friends, even neighbors. However, in American society, she noticed that everyone was very independent, and minded his or her own business, and nobody cared about one another. Because she did not want to get hurt, she knew that she had to make some changes. In her self-concept, she changed her interdependent view to an independentview.Using a different language, the major reason for culture shock, really injured her self-esteem. Shen-Lan graduated from a well-known university in Taiwan, and she felt proud of that. When she came to America, she was supposed to be good at English, but she was not. After this realization, she tried to study hard in English to match her standards. However, she had studied English for one year, yet she did not improve greatly. She lacked self-confidence to speak English, so her self-esteem decreased.The change in self-concept and self-esteem was reflected in her self-presentation. Because Shen-Lan wanted to become independent, and she was afraid that she disturbed others with her personal problems, so she began to isolate herself. For English, she did not give up because of her high goal to meet her own and the expectations of others. She tried to avoid talking to her friends who speak the same language though she felt lonesome. She recognized and learned the new cultural rules and expressed it through a different self-presentation.The three social self-components of Shen-Lan: self-concept, self-esteem, and self-presentation were influenced by culture shock. Shen-Lan tried to be independent, became aware of her self-esteem, and learned American behavior. Right now, she starts to think about having a pet. Can she become an American woman?(Source:///iei/student_life/1995_web_projects/shu-m in_liu/essayshu-min.html)6. Jose and Jim worked together in a restaurant. They had become friendly because both of them were also studying. Jim was studying business, and Jose was taking English classes and planned to study engineering. One day, as they were leaving work, Jim asked Jose, ‚Jose, I need a favor. I have to go over to school, and I’m out of money. Could you lend me a dollar so I can take the bus over there and then get home? I’ll pay you back tomorrow.‛‚Sure, Jim. No problem. You don’t have to pay me back,‛ said Jose, as he handed Jim a dollar.As soon as he got out to work the next day, Jim went over to Jose and handed him a dollar, saying, ‚ Thanks, Jose. I really appreciated this last night. It sure was too cold to walk.‛‚Forget it,‛ said Jose, as he handed Jim back his dollar.‚Oh, no, I insist. I don’t want to take advantage of a friend. What if I need to borrow money again sometime? If I didn’t pay you back now, I would feel wrong asking to borrow money again,‛ said Jim, as he put the dollar into Jose’s shirt pocket.Jose answered, ‚But that’s what friends are for. In Spanish, We have a saying, ‘today for you, tomorrow for me.’ If you pay me back, I will feel that I won’t be able to ask you for money when I need it. I willfeel like you are closing the door on me, that there is no trust between us. I thought we were friends. How can I take the money?‛ Jose handed back the dollar.‚But I won’t feel right if you don’t take it!‛ said Jim.1）Why did Jim insist on returning the dollar to Jose?2）Why did Jose not want to take it?3）Do you think that their attitudes are cultural?7． Rosa (Mexican--American) and Annie (American) shared a small dormitory room at a university. They liked each other very much and got along well until a problem came upOne day, Rosa told Annie, ‚My second cousin wants to come and see the university. She might want to go to school here next year. Do you mind if she stays with us while she visits?‛‚Gee, it’s pretty crowded with just the two of us. Where’s she going to sleep?‛‚Oh, that’s no problem. She can sleep in my bed, with me.‛‚Well, okay, ‛said Annie. ‚It’s up to you.‛‚Great! ‛ answered Rosa. ‚She’s coming tomorrow.‛Two weeks later, the cousin was still with them. Since she did not bring enough money, Rosa paid for her meal. Rosa missed many of her classes so that she could help her cousin find her way around.Rosa never complained about any of this to Annie, but Annie decided to speak to her friend.‚Rosa,‛ she said. ‚I know it’s none of my business. But I don’t like to see you being treated this way. It’s not fair of your cousin to take advantage of you, using your time and your money like this. And how do you ever get any sleep, anyway? I think you should tell her you have your own life to live. After all, she’s only your second cousin.‛Rosa was surprised. She answered, ‚Oh, the bed doesn’t bother me! It reminds me of sleeping with my sister as a child. You’re right, though, about my schoolwork. I know I’m missing too many classes. But family comes first. I just couldn’t leave my cousin here by herself. ‛Even after their conversation, Annie still could not understand her friend. Before her cousin arrived, Rosa had always seemed like such an independent, responsible person, who never missed a class. Annie just could not understand why she had changed.1）Why was Annie confused?2）Why did Rosa continue to help her cousin?3）Do you think Rosa’s and Annie’s ideas are typical of their culture?8.Kevin was leaving work one Friday, when he stopped to talk t Blanca,a new worker. On Wednesday, they had talked at lunch. She had told him that she had just come from the Dominican Republic two months before. Kevinliked her.‚So, Blanca, what are your plans for the weekend?‛ asked Kevin.‚Oh, hi. Kevin,‛ Blanca smiled. ‚I have to go shopping with my cousin for a winter coat.‛‚Tonight some of us from work are going out to a place called ‘The Blue Hat’ for beers and something to eat. Would you like to come? I could pick you up at eight if you tell me where you live.‛‚Okay, Kevin. That sounds nice. I hope it’s O.K. if I bring my little sister along.‛‚As your chaperone ? ‛ laughed Kevin, making a joke.‚That’s right,‛ said Blanca. ‚I guess you know something about the Dominican culture. It’s the only way my parents will let me go.‛‚Are you serious?‛ Kevin stared at her. ‚Well, I’ll be there at eight.‛When Kevin, Blanca, and her sister arrived at ‚The Blue Hat ‛, they sat down with Kevin’s friends, who were already eating. A waiter came and asked, ‚What would you like to have? And shall I put this all on one check or will you all pay separately?‛‚Separate checks, please,‛ answered Kevin. ‚I’ll have a hamburger and French fries and a beer, please. Blanca?‛Blanca opened her purse under the table. Then she whispered something to her sister in Spanish. She looked at the waiter and said, ‚My sister and I aren’t hungry. A coke and a beer, please.‛1）Why did Blanca bring along her little sister?2）Why was Kevin surprised?3）Why did Kevin say, ‚Separate checks, please‛?9. Katherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began, she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching and quite a few of them avoided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang, for help. One day, she came to the Director and told him that she would like to talk to him about her problem. The director looked at his timetable and asked if they could meet at ten o’clock on Thursday morning and she agreed.On Thursday she arrived at the Director’s office at the exact time of their appointment when she found that Prof. Wang was talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled to gesture a seat and asked her to sit down. She got herself seated, and the professor excused himself and carried on the talk with the teacher. About five minutes later, he concluded his talk and made a profound apology before he began to talk with Katherine. The Director showed great concern and asked her what the problems was. Just as she was specifying her problem, another Chinese teacher came in, with a form that apparently needed signature of the Director. The Director smiled an apology to Katherineagain and turned to talk with that teacher, also in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, wondering why their talk should be interrupted since they had already made an appointment. She was so upset and got choked by their talking in Chinese in front of her that she became quite angry. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened.1). How can you explain the Director’s behavior to Katherine?2). According to Katherine, what kind of rules did the Director violate in their communication?10. Read the following passage and think about the questions.A Canadian colleague and I traveled to Guilin with our admirable guide Heping Liu in very hot weather. Sight-seeing is thirsty business, we did not trust the water, and delighted in the excellent beer which we politely offered Heping. Heping refused, we said nothing and drank our beer, while poor Heping watched. One day Heping must have been desperate because he accepted the first offer. Only when I saw that Heping in fact liked beer very much did it then occur to me to ask him whether maybe in Chinese it was not polite to accept a first offer.Indeed, it is not and Heping was being modest, polite and well behaved and had every intention of accepting the beer at the second or third offer. But Heping had not figured on North American rules which firmly say that you do not push alcoholic beverages on anyone. A person may not drink for religious reasons, he may be a reformed alcoholic, he may be allergic. Whatever the reason behind the rule, you do not insist on offering alcohol. So unconscious and so strong are our communication rules that we equally politely never made a second offer of beer to Heping who probably thought North Americans most uncouth.1)To avoid intercultural misunderstanding, do you think the Chineseguide should not have refused the first offer? And why or why not?2)If you were to offer or be offered something, how would you behave?Would you behave in the Chinese way or the American way? And why?。