如何进行阅读理解训练

如何进行阅读理解训练

阅读理解能力是衡量外语水平的重要标志之一，对绝大多数学生来说，阅读理解，也是他们将来直接运用外语能力的一个最重要的方面。

一、阅读理解的目的

近年来，国内高考NMET试题短文阅读理解共计45分（含补全对话5分），是分值最高的一道大题，为什么这种题的分值这么高？其训练的目的又是什么呢？通过十年的教学体会，我们总结归纳为以下两点：

1.提高学生对书面外语的阅读能力：即懂得按照不同的阅读目的，采用不同的阅读方法，进而提高阅读的速度。

2.提高学生对书面外语的理解能力：即获取具体信息的能力，对阅读材料进行分析、推理与判断的能力以及对阅读内容进行评价的能力。分析、推理与判断的能力以及对阅读内容进行评价的能力。

阅读的目的是理解，阅读能力直接为理解服务。理解能力是阅读能力的演化。这就是阅读与理解的辨证关系。在实际教学中教师应处理好这一关系。

二、阅读理解考查的重点

NMET阅读理解题，有议论文、记叙文、说明文、应用文、对话等等，涉及社会教育、风俗文化、史地知识、科技、政治、经济、日常生活、传记、人物等诸多方面。这种试题题型一般包括一些信息题、是非题和推理、演算题等等。其测试的重点不外乎有以下几点：

1.字面理解试题(literal comprehension)

这是一种最简单的试题，其特点是答案明确具体，一般从阅读材料中可以直接找到答案。如辨认文章中事件发生的时间、顺序，人物的外貌、特征，它们与事件的因果关系。

2.推断理解试题(inferential comprehension)

这种题要求学生根据文章结构，掌握所读材料的主旨、大意以及说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。既要理解具体的事实，也要理解抽象的概念；既要理解字面意思，也要理解深层含义，或弦外之音，分析作者提出的观点、态度，进而从字里行间推测作者没有说明的意图、含蓄的内容，从中悟出作者的目的。

3.综合评价试题(evaluation)

这是阅读理解中最高的一个层次。它要求学生能凭着他们应有的常识、价值观，充分运用阅读材料以及自己的阅读经验对阅读内容做出自己的分析与评价。如：

For many years,no one could communicate with people who ha d been born without hearing.These deaf people were not able-t o use a spoken language. But beginning in the 1700s,the deaf were taught a special ing the language,they could s hare thoughts and ideas with others.The language they used wa s a language without sou-nd. It was a sign language.

How did this sign language work?The deaf were taught to m-a ke certain movements using their hands,faces,and bodies.These movements stood for things and ideas.A man might move his f o-refing er across his lips.This meant:"You are not telling the t ruth."He might tap his chin with three f ingers.This meant".my uncle"The deaf were also taught to use afinger alphabet.They used their fi ngers to make the letters of the alphabet.In this way,they spelled out words.Some deaf people co uld spe-ll out words at a speed of 130 words per minute.

Sign language and finger spelling are not used as much asthey once were.Today the deaf are t aught to understand othersby watching their lips.They are taught how to speak.

1.The story does not say so,but it makes you think that______.

A.the deaf must have special tenchers

B.there is still no way to communicate with the deaf

C.deaf people make signs to make a living

D.deaf people are not as clever as nomal people

（答案是：A 属推断理解题）

2.On the whole the story is about_____

A.how the deaf communicate

B.learning to spell

C.teaching the deaf to speak

D.writing sign languages

（答案是：A 属综合评价题）

3.How did sign language help the deaf?

A.It helped them to learn to read

B.The deaf could understand Indian sign language