美国文学1大纲

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美国文学复习大纲

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* Second stage: Transcedentalism (p.56-59) Raph Waldo Emerson: Nature Henry David Thoreau: Walden
• Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter • Herman Melville: Moby Dick • Edgar Allan Poe: Gothic novels • “Tales of Grotesque and Arabesque” • Poe’s position in the world literature (P.114-115)
The first peak of literature in US
• Two stages of Romanticism in the first half of 19th century of US: • * First stage: • Washing Irving: Father of American literature; the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame • A History of New York • The Sketch Book: “Rip Van Winkle” “Sleepy Hollow” • James F. Cooper: • Leather-stocking Tales: The Pioneer • The Last of the Mohicans • The Prairie • The Pathfinder • The Deerslayer
• American Movement of Enlightenment (P.27-28) Writers of enlightenment Benjamin Franklin: The Authobiography; Poor Richard’s Amanack The Importance of Benjamin Franklin’s “The Autobiography”. (P. 35-37) Thomas Paine: Common Sense; Thomas Jefferson: The Declaration of Independence

“美国文学”课程教学大纲

“美国文学”课程教学大纲一、课程基本信息开课单位：翻译学院课程名称：美国文学课程编号：223114英文名称：American1iterature课程类型：专业拓展课总学时：36 理论学时：36实验学时：O学分：2分开设专业：翻译专业先修课程：英国文学二、课程任务目标（一）课程任务《美国文学》是翻译专业本科学生的必修课程，是为培养和检验学生美国文学的基本理论知识和理解、鉴赏美国文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。

（二）课程目标设置本课程旨在使学生对美国文学形成与发展的全貌有一个大概的了解；并通过阅读具有代表性的美国文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法。

由于本课程以作家作品为重点，因此学生要仔细阅读原作。

通过阅读努力提高语言水平，增强对美国文学原著的理解，特别是对作品中表现的社会生活和人物感情的理解，提高他们阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。

三、教学内容和要求（-）理论教学的内容及要求本课程主要内容包括美国文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍和作品选读。

文学史部分从美国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文化，文学思潮与流派等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品等;选读部分主要节选了美国文学史上各个时期重要作家的代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

第•章殖民地时期的文学教学内容：了解殖民地时期的社会及文化背景与新英格兰文学的状况，理解清教主义思想及其对美国文学的深远影响。

第一节美国殖民地时期概述一、北美拓殖的开始二、美国清教主义思想三、美国清教主义思想对早期美国文学的影响第二节殖民地时期的代表作家及作品一、安妮•布雷兹特里特(AnneBradStreet)二、爱德华•泰勒(EdwardTay1or)教学重点：殖民地时期新英格兰文学的特点教学难点：清教主义思想第二章理性和革命时期的文学教学内容：了解理性和革命时期美国文学产生的社会及文化背景，掌握理性和革命时期美国文学的形式、特点、代表作家及作品。

美国文学大纲

美国文学部分(American Literature)一．殖民时期文学（The Literature of the Colonial Period）1．本章考核知识点和考核要求：1) 早期殖民地时期的文学的特点2) 十八世纪美国文学的特点（重点是独立革命前后时期文学）3) 主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品4) 术语：the colonial period, American Puritanism, Puritans, Enlightenment in American, the Great Awakening2．主要作家作品John Smith第一个美国作家A True Relation of Virginia and General History of Virginia.Anne Bradstreet 殖民地时期女诗人The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America (1650)Jonathan Edwards十八世纪上半叶大觉醒时代的代表人物“Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草《独立宣言》。

十八世纪美国启蒙思想代言人。

《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanac（收录格言警句）《致富之道》The Way to Wealth《自传》The Autobiography （富兰克林原意为写给儿子的家书）Thomas Paine 托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。

《常识》Common Sense ( Paine 最知名的政论文：It was inspired by the first battle of the Revolutionary War—the Battle of Lexington in Concord.)《美国危机》American Crisis《人的权利》Rights of Man《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism《理性时代》The Age of ReasonPhilip Freneau 菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的“革命诗人”。

美国文学史复习大纲

美国文学史复习大纲一：作家作品1.Sherwood Anderson: Winesburg, Ohio(小镇畸人，1919) The Triumph of the Egg(鸡蛋的胜利，1921)2.John Steinbeck: The Grapes of Wrath(愤怒的葡萄，1939，strong sociological novel,1940年获普利策奖（Pulitzer Prize)),1962年获诺贝尔文学奖①the foremost novelist of the American Depression.美国大萧条时期最杰出的小说家。

②代表作：“Of Mice and Men”《人鼠之间》portrayed the tragic friendship between two migrant workers “The Grapes of Wrath”《愤怒的葡萄》regarded as masterpiece ,showed the migration of the Okies from the Dust Bowls to California ,a migration that ended in broken dreams and misery but at the same time affirmed the ability of the common people to endure and prevail. Theme : strength comes from unity i-we ;faith in life; struggle to live better2.John Dos Passos: 约翰多斯帕索斯His trilogy U.S.A(美利坚)---The 42nd Parallel(北纬42度，1930), 1919(1932), The Big Money(1936), Three Soldiers。

美国文学复习大纲

十八世纪美国启蒙思想代言人。

美国文学复习提纲

第一部分殖民时期一、时期综述（关于清教的应该都是重点）1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：A、narratives 日记B、journals 游记2、清教徒在美国的写作内容：①their voyage to the new land ②adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops③about dealing with Indians ④guide to the new land, endless bounty，invitation to bold spirit★3、清教徒的想法：①Puritans want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices.净化信仰和行为方式②wish to restore simplicity to church services and the authority of the Bible to theology.重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位③look upon themselves as a chosen people，and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God’s will and is not to be accepted。

认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝。

④Puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated.反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步。

⑤religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God。

强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面.4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton and Roger Williams他们的不同:John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy。

《美国文学》课程教学大纲

页眉内容《美国文学》课程教学大纲课程编号：ENGL2018课程类别：专业必修课程授课对象：英语、英语师范专业开课学期：春（第6学期）学分：2主讲教师：朱新福指定教材：《美国文学选读》（第I 、II 册），龙文佩、杨岂深主编。

2002年。

《美国文学简史》，常耀信著。

南开大学出版社，2005年。

教学目的：从严格意义上说，美国文学的历史距今不过二百来年，和欧洲任何一个国家的文学史相比，它是历时最短而发展最快的。

它不仅是美国这个国家多元民族的发展的一个缩影，而且它对美国的民族意识和民族文化的形成作出了突出的贡献。

从世界文学的范围来看，美国文学是一支异军突起的新生力量，在近一百多年的历史中，它对世界文学研究产生了一定的影响。

艾伦·坡的诗论和诗作成了法国象征主义诗歌的源头，惠特曼的诗风对我国二十世纪初期新诗运动产生过明显的影响，这都是大家所熟悉的事实。

我们如果对于美国文学的萌芽、生长、成熟这样一个过程具有一个即令浮光掠影的感性认识，也会增加我们对美国的风土人情和美国社会文化背景的了解。

同时，直接接触美国文学作品也会使我们对所谓的“美国精神”能有更进一步的认识和理解。

通过阅读美国作家具有代表性的经典名篇，通过课堂精讲、小组讨论、独立研究，对美国文学和历史有整体的认识。

该课程以学习原本作品为主，采取讲解和讨论相结合的教学手段，培养学生的分析思辩能力和语言表达能力，为学生写以文学主题的毕业论文打好基础。

同时，通过本课程的学习，提高学生理解欧美文学和文化的鉴赏能力，加深学生对社会人生的思考，体现素质教育的特点。

第一课 Introduction to American Literature.课时：第一周，共2课时教学内容Introduction to American Literature.第一节Why should we take this course？The importance of learning literature.American literature from its colonial period to present(postmodern).第二节How to prepare this course.How to make an oral presentation.How to do research work.思考题：1.How much do you know about American Literature?2.Literature and culture/ history/ society.第二课 Irving’s Short Stories课时：第二周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the author/story.2、Oral presentations on the author/ story.3、Detailed study of the text / story.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: W. Irving in China思考题：1.Discuss W. Irving’s writing styles.2.The social and historical background of American Romanticism.第三课Poe’s Poems and Stories课时：第三周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of theauthor/poems/story.Oral presentations on the author/poem/story.Detailed study of the text.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: Poe in China思考题：1.Discuss Poe’s main ideas in “The Philosophy of Composition”.2.Discuss the themes of the poems such as “To Helen” and “Alone”.第四课Emerson’s & Thoreau’s Essays课时：第四周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the author/essayOral presentations on the author/essay.Detailed study of the text.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: Emerson in China/ ecocriticism思考题：1.Discuss the main ideas of Transcendentalism.2.Discuss the importance of returning to nature.第五课Hawthorne’s Scarlet Letter课时：第五周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the author/novel.Oral presentations on the author/novel.Detailed study of the text第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: Hawthorne in China/ Hawthorne’s short stories.思考题：1.What do you know about Puritanism?2.Discuss the symbolism in the novel.第六课Whitman’s Poems课时：第六周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the poet/poems.Oral presentations on the poet/poems.Detailed study of the poems.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: Whitman in China/ Whitman and Guo Moruo思考题：1.Discuss the democratic ideas in “Leaves of Grass”.2.Discuss free verse and its influence.3.Discuss Whitman’s environmental consciousness.第七课Melville and His Moby Dick.课时：第七周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the author/novel.Oral presentations on the author/novel.Detailed study of the novel.思考题：1.Discuss symbolism in Moby Dick.2.Eco-critical ideas in the novel.3.Melville and His Moby Dick in China.第二节Questions and answersDiscussion and Responses from the StudentsHomework: Moby Dick in China第八课 Emily Dickinson’s Poems课时：第八周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the poet/poems.Oral presentations on the poet/poems.Detailed study of the poems.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: Dickinson in China.思考题：1.Discuss the themes in Dickinson’s poems.2.Discuss the characteristics of Dickinson’s poems.第九课 Twain’s Huck Finn课时：第九周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the author/novel.Oral presentations on the author/novel.Detailed study of the novel.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: Twain in China.思考题：1.Discuss American realism.2.Discuss local colorism.3.Discuss Mark Twain’s humor and language.4.Racialism in Huck.第十课James’s fiction课时：第十周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background of the author/novel.Oral presentations on the author/novel.Detailed study of the novel.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: James in China.思考题：1.Discuss the international theme in James’s novels.2.Discuss James’s psychological realism.3.Characterizations in Daisy Miller.第十一课O Henry & Dreiser课时：第十一周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the author/fiction.Oral presentations on the author/fiction.Detailed study of the novel/short stories.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: fiction reading.思考题：1.Discuss the surprising ending in O Henry’s stories.2.Discuss the title character in Sister Carrie.第十二课Modern American Poets (Part I )课时：第十二周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the poets/poems.Oral presentations on the poetsDetailed study of the poems第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: the difference between modernism and postmodernism.思考题：1.Discuss Robert Frost’s style.2.Discuss Carl Sandburg and Wallace Stevens’s styles.第十三课Modern American Poets (Part II )课时：第十三周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background information of the poets/poems.Oral presentations on the poets/poems.Detailed study of the poems.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: E. Pound in China.思考题：1. Discuss the themes of The Waste Land and The Love Song Of J.Alfred Prifrock..2.W.C. Williams and his style.第十四课O’ Neill’s Plays课时：第十四周，共2课时教学内容第一节TextPre-reading questions and background of the playwright/plays.Oral presentations on the playwright/plays.Detailed study of the plays.第二节Questions and answersDiscussions and responses from the studentsHomework: Liu Haiping and O’Neill(刘海平教授与奥尼尔在中国的接受)。

美国文学1大纲

潍坊学院美国文学（一）课程（课程编码）教学大纲适用专业：英语语言文学本科总学时：36 学分：2学分一、说明：１、本课程的目的、任务。

“美国文学（一）”系英语专业本科学生的专业必修课，第六学期开设。

其目的在于让学生在具备了一定的英语语言基础知识，一定的英美文化基础知识以及与之相应的学习能力的基础之上, 对美国前期文学有一个全面系统的认识，对影响美国文学发展的清教主义、浪漫主义、新英格兰超验主义等有较为深入的了解，并对美国殖民地、独立战争、浪漫主义三个主要时期所出现的知名作家及其代表作有一个初步的了解，进而做到欣赏。

2、本课程的教学要求本课程是高等院校英语语言文学专业的一门高年级专业必修课。

本课程要求学生系统、全面地掌握美国文学史上殖民地时期、独立战争时期、浪漫主义时期三个重要的发展阶段。

教学内容包括各个时期的美国文学发展史、各个时期文学的不同特色、不同流派、出现的代表作家及其代表作品的特点。

第一章讲解殖民地时期的美国文学。

主要介绍美国文学的诞生、影响美国文学的清教主义以及代表作家与作品。

本部分的重点在于清教主义。

它是影响美国文学与美国社会的主导力量。

清教主义不但使早期殖民地时期作品带有浓重的宗教色彩，而且为美国文学添加了象征主义、乐观主义并始终影响着后期的发展。

第二章介绍独立战争时期的美国文学。

主要讲解这一时期的历史背景以及代表作家本杰明·弗兰克林。

使学生掌握本杰明·弗兰克林作为最能反映这一时期时代精神的作家所具有的特点，从而更好地了解美国人民在建国前后的理想和价值观。

第三章讲授浪漫主义时期的美国文学。

作为美国文学史上的一个重要的发展阶段，浪漫主义注重精神、崇尚个人、歌颂自然体现了美国建国的基本原则、符合美国作为新伊甸园的观点因而表现出强大的生命力。

浪漫主义时期涌现了欧文、霍桑、爱伦·坡、朗费罗等大批的作家，出版了许多流传至今的名著。

这一时期标志着美国文学的繁荣。

同时，爱默生、梭罗倡导的超验主义代表着浪漫主义运动的最高阶段。

《美国文学》教学大纲

教学大纲一、课程设置的有关说明1.美国文学是一门专业英语高年级开设的专业知识课，是一门必修课程。

2.设置本课程的目的和要求：美国文学课程的目的是培养学生阅读、欣赏、理解英语文学原著的能力，掌握文学批评的基本知识和方法。

通过阅读和作品分析，促进学生语言基本功和人文素质的提高，增强学生对西方文化的了解。

总体来讲，英语专业课程分为英语专业技能，英语专业知识和相关专业知识三种类型。

美国文学课程是英语专业知识课程中比较重要的课程，一般在大四年级开设，按周学时统计，需两个学期完成。

3.美国文学课程内容大体分为两部分：文学史部分和文学作品选读部分。

文学史部分从美国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍美国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景、文化思潮、文学流派、社会政治、经济、文化、等对文学发展的影响；主要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；选读部分主要节选了美国文学史上各个时期重要作家代表作品，包括诗歌、戏剧、小说、散文等。

二、具体教学内容第一章殖民时期的文学(2 学时)1.教学目的和教学基本要求通过这一部分内容的学习，了解美国文学的起始可追溯到早期北美殖民主义时期。

尽管这一时期的文学并不发达，主要以模仿为主，没有自己的鲜明特点，但那时的政治，经济和社会发展对美国文学的形成还是有很大的影响。

例如：当年来美洲大陆移民的人基本上属于两种人，一类是为逃避国内政治迫害，追求宗教自由的英国清教徒，他们来到新英格兰地区，扎根发展；另一类是谋求发财致富的欧洲平民百姓，包括野心勃勃的冒险家。

不论是哪一种人都相信在新大陆都可以得到自由平等的待遇，都有机会实现自己的理想。

这种观点使“美国梦”成为日后美国文学的永恒主题。

清教主义有关人生来有罪及上帝主宰一切等思想也影响了美国作家不断去思考人性与原罪、人与上帝的关系。

由于这一时期文学不很发达，主要文学形式多为讲经布道之作，也有游记、书信等其他文学作品。

美国文学(一)(二)教学大纲

《美国文学（一）（二）》教学大纲张立新编写英语专业课程教学大纲514 目录前言 (515)一、概述 (515)二、课程教学目的和基本要求 (515)三、课程主要内容及学时分配 (515)Unit One: Early American and Colonial Period to 1776 (518)Unit Two: Democratic Origins and Revolutionary Writers, 1776-1820 (522)Unit Three: The Romantic Period, 1820-1860: Essayists and Poets (524)Unit Four: The Romantic Period, 1820-1860: Fiction (526)Unit Five : The Rise of Realism: 1860-1914 (527)Unit Six: Modernism and Experimentation: 1914-1945 (529)Unit Seven :American Poetry Since 1945: The Anti-Tradition (532)Unit Eight :American Prose Since 1945: Realism and Experimentation (534)Unit Nine: Southern Literature (539)Unit Ten: African American Literature (540)Unit Eleven: Jewish American Literature (541)四、Reference Books (541)美国文学（一）（二）前言一、概述美国是世界上最年轻的国家之一。

在其短暂的历史上，涌现出无数有着深远影响的作家、文学运动或文学派别。

美国文坛，流派众多。

美国文学在短短时间内取得如此重大的成绩，成为学者关注的焦点和引人注目的问题。

美国文学1（5篇模版）

美国文学1（5篇模版）第一篇：美国文学1Puritanism: The puritans established their own religious and moral principles known as American puritanism which became one of the enduring influence in American thought and American literature.American puritanism stressed predestination, original sin, total depravity, limited atonement(or the salvation of a selected few)from God's grace.They built a way of life that stressed hard word, thrift and sobriety.Calvinism:It is a system of Christian theology advanced by John Calvin, a Protestant reformer in the 16th century, and further developed by his followers.The term also refers to the doctrines and practices of the reformed churches, of which Calvin was an early leader.Calvinism is perhaps best known for its doctrine of predestination, and its history is associated with some notable experiments in Christian theocracy.Great Awakening:It is a series of religious revivals that swept over the American colonies about the middle of the 18th century.It resulted in doctrinal changes and influenced social and political thought.In New England it was started(1734)by the rousing preaching of Jonathan Edwards.Deism：Appeared on the 18th century, the belief based solely on reason, in a God who created the universe and then abandoned it, assuming no control over life, exerting no influence on natural phenomena, and giving no supernatural revelation.Romanticism:was a rebellion against the objectivity of rationalism.For romantics, the feelings, intuitions and emotions were more important than reason and common sense.The stressed the close relationship between man and nature, emphasized, individualism and affirmed the inner life of theself.Transcendentalism：In the 1830s and 1840s, some new Englanders, not quite happy about the materialistic-oriented life of their times, formed themselves into an informal club, the Transcendentalist Club, and met to discuss matters of interest to the life of the nation as a whole.They expressed their views, published their journal, the Dial, and made their voice heard.The representatives are Emerson and Thoreau.Free verse: also known as “open form”verse,is the verse without regular meter,line length, rhyme(scheme), or stanza , depending on natural speech rhythms related to the actual cadence of the poet expressing himself, it is different from the conventional schemed verse.Gothic elements:Supernatural horrors and an atmosphere of unknown terror pervades the action High emotion, sentimentalism, but also pronounced anger, surprise and especially e of words indicating fear, mystery, etc.: apparition, devil, ghost, haunted, terror, fright, fainting.Realism:American Realism came in the latter half of the nineteenth century as a reaction against Romanticism.It stresses truthful treatment of material.It focuses on commonness of the lives of the common people, and emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.The three dominant figures of the period are William Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James.第二篇：美国文学名词解释1.AmericanTranscendentalism:①transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “ the recognition in man of the capability of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge t ranscending the reach of the senses.②transcendentalists stress the importance of the Over-soul, the Individual and Nature.Other concepts that accompanied transcendentalism include the ideathat nature is enabling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.New England transcendentalism is the product of a combination of Native American Puritanism and European romanticism.③some prominent representatives include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau.2.Free verse free verse means the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without paying attention to conversational rules of meter.Free verse was originated by a group of French poets of the late 19th century.Their purpose was to free themselves from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and to recreate instead the free rhymes of nature period.Walt Whitman…s leaves of grass is perhaps the most notable example.3.American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrines of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.American literature in the 17th century mostly consisted of Puritan literature.Puritanism had an enduring influence on American literature.It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.it comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century.Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism.And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚,尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised.4.American Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long as he/she works hard enough.It usually implies a successful and satisfying life.It usually framed in terms of Americancapitalism（资本主义）, its associated purported meritocracy,（知识界精华）and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S.Bill of Rights.5.Imagism: the 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America.In poetry there appeared a strong reaction against Victorian poetry.Imagists placed primary reliance on the use of precise, sharp images as a means of poetic expression and stressed precision in the choice of words, freedom in the choice of subject matter and form, andthe use of colloquial language.Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse, using such devices as assonance and alliteration rather than formal metrical schemes to give structure to their poetry..The movement which had these as its aims is known in literary history as Imagism.Its prime mover was Ezra Pound.6.American romanticism①it is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature that stretches from the 18th century to the outbreak of the civil war.It started with the publication of Washington Irving‟s The Sketch Book and ended with Walt Whitman‟s Leaves of Grass.②being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called “the American Renaissance ”.③American romantic works emphasize the imaginative and emotional qualities of nature literature.The strong tendency to eulogize the individual and common man was typical of this period.Most importantly, the writings of American Romanticism are typically American.Works concentrate on uniquecharacteristics of the American land.④New England Transcendentalism is the summit of American Romanticism.⑤Romanticists include such literary figures as Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau,William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman and some others.第三篇：美国文学Jazz AgeIt was a movement that took place during the 1920s or the Roaring Twenties from which jazz music and dance emerged.The movement came about with the introduction of mainstream radio and the end of the war.This era ended in the 1930s with the beginning of The Great Depression but has lived on in American pop culture for decades.American dream· For many immigrants, the Statue of Liberty was their first view of the UnitedStates, signifying new opportunities in life.The statue is an iconic symbol of the American Dream• It is a national ethos(社会的精神特质)of the United States in whichfreedom includes a promise of the possibility of prosperity and success.• A belief that if people work hard, they can rise to a higher social class and theycan have anything if they are willing to get it.• All men are created equal, regardless of social class or circumstances of birth.• Working hard is the most important element for getting ahead.Transcendentalism·Transcendentalism was a literary movement that flourished during the middle 19th Century(1836 –1860).·It began as a rebellion against traditionally held beliefs by the English Church that God superseded the individual.--Knowledge can be obtained through mental process apart from experiences--denoting “whatever belongs to the class of intuitive thought”--Emerson said, Transcendentalism means idealism.Benjamin Franklin• Benjamin Franklin was born on January 17, 1706 in Boston Massachusetts.• Ben Franklin began teaching himself the basics of geometry and algebra.Healso studied and partially mastered many different languages.• At age 12, Ben began working at his brother’s printing shop.• From 1723 to 1730, Ben worked as a printer.• He became partial owner of a print shop in 1728.•• Ben wrote Poor Richard's Almanac.He also wrote m any sayings that people still use today.• When Benjamin Franklin was 22 years old, he wrote the epitaph that heimagined might be carved on his tombstone.By the time he actually died at age 84, he had changed his mind.American Realism(1870-1890)1.Reasons: civil war, social development.People sought to describe the wide range of American experience and to present the subtleties of human personality, to portray characters that were less simply all good or all bad.2.Realism originated in France.A literary doc trine that called for “reality and1 truth” in the depiction of ordinary life.3.American realism, different from European realism, is more varied andindividualistic.4.Development of American realism: first appear in the literature of local color,arbiter: William Dean Howells.He defined realism as “nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material”.5.Important writers: Henry James, Mark Twain.PuritanismAmerican Puritanism comes from the American Puritans, who were the firstimmigrants moved to American continent in the 17thcentury Original sin,predestination and salvation were the basic ideas of American Puritanism.Andhard-working piousness, thrift and sobriety were praised.Characteristics of Am.Romanticism:1.an innate and intuitive perception of man, nature and society2.an emphasis on freedom and imagination3.a profound love for nature4.the quest for beauty5.the use of antique and grotesque subject mattersThe significant of Puritanism in American literatureBecause the 17th Century was the great age of British religious literature, in NewEngland, therefore, asserts Darrel Abel, it was the great century of Puritanliterature.In a way which is difficult for the modern reader to appreciate, Abelfurther submits, this literary genre was not only a subject of everyday life, but wasan intelligent, often artistically wrought literature.It was also strenuous andserious, because Puritans saw life as an unremitting moral struggle.Puritanliterature attempted to represent life truly;moreover, Puritan literature was just as“realistic” as modern naturalism, albeit in the service of a different perception ofreality.The great structure of the Puritan creed, Perry Miller has asserted, willonly be meaningful to most students today “when theyperceive that it rested upona deep lying conviction that the universe conformed to a definite, ascertainabletruth, and that human existence was to be had only upon the terms imposed by thistruth.”II.Literature in the Colonial Period(1607-1820)(1)I.Cultural Background:Discovery of America and early settlersII.American Puritanism1.Puritans – American Puritans – American Puritanism2.Calvinism:Predestination,Original Sin, Total Depravity, Limited Atonement3.Its influence upon American writings:a.(technique): symbolismb.(tone): optimismc.(language): simplicityd.(theme): redemption and salvationIII.The Literary in the Colonial Period1.General features: Of Humble origin;documentary;personal2.Literary Forms:histories, letters, journals, sermons, narratives, poetry, novels, etc.A.histories:Captain John Smith’s A Description of New EnglandWilliam Bradford’s Of Plymouth PlantationJohn Winthrop’s A Model of Christian CharityThomas Jefferson’s Notes on VirginiaB.Personal account: Slave narratives, p risoner’s narratives, etc.e.g.Marry Rowlandson’s personal account of her being capturedand imprisoned by the American IndiansC.Sermons: Jonathan Edwards’ Sinners in the Hands of An AngryGodD.Poetry:Anne Bradstreet and her religious and secular poetryJohn Norton and John Rogers’s elegies for AnneMichael Wigglesworth’s The Day of Doom(1662)Edward Taylor's religious poetry: Preparatory MeditationsBenjamin T ompson: New England Crisis(satirical poem)John Trumbull, Progress of Dulness and M’Fingal(politi cal satire) Francis Hopkinson, The Battle of kegs(1779)Joel Barlow, The Hasty Pudding(1796), The Vision of Columbus(1787)Timothy Dwight, The Conquest of Canaan(1785)David Humphreys, The Anarchiard(1787)Philip Freneau’s patriotic/nature poetry: “The Ind ian Burial Ground”Phillis Wheatley the first Afro-American poetess: On Messrs Husseyand Coffin, Thoughts on the Works of ProvidenceE.Novels:1.William Hill Brown, Power of Sympathy, 1789(Sentimental epistolary novel).2.Susana Rowson, Charlotte T emple(1791), third-person narrative3.Hannah Foster, The Coquette(1797)4.Hugh Henry Brackenridge, Modern Chivalry,(1792-1815)(Picaresque novel)5.Gilbert Imlay, The Emigrants(1793)6.Royall Tyler, The Algerine Captive(1797)7.Charles Brockden Brown and his gothic novelsWieland(1798), Edgar Huntly(1799), Ormond(1799), Arthur Mervyn(1800)Three Representative Figures(in prose)Jonathan Edwards and his sermon: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry GodBenjamin Franklin and The Autobiography(1791,1818)and Poor Richard’s Al manacThomas Paine and his political essays: Common Sense and American CrisisJohn de Crevecoeur and his Letters from an American Farmer Edwards, Franklin, and Crevecoeur第四篇：美国文学讲义1896年———1900年间断断续续在练习本上写下了自传体长篇小说《让·桑得伊》的草稿。

美国文学复习提纲

Part 1 Literature of Colonial America1. What is the 1st permanent English settlement in NorthAmerica? When was it established? Jamestown, 16072.Who is the first American writer: Captain John Smith3.Puritanism and its influence on and reflection inAmerican literature.4.poetess Anne Bradstreet: The Tenth Muse Lately SprungUp in AmericaPart II The Literature of Reason and Revolution1.Benjamin Franklin’s major literary works:Poor Richard's Almanac，The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin2.Thomas Paine: Common Sense3.Thomas Jefferson: The Declaration of Independence：Structure, main idea, analysis4.Philip Freneau:"The Poet of the American Revolution” , Father ofAmerican Poetry"The Wild Honey Suckle", “The Indian Burying Ground”Part 3 The Literature of Romanticism1. Literary terms: American Romanticism,Transcendentalism2.Washington Irving: Father of American LiteratureSketch Book3.James Fenimore Cooper:the Leatherstocking Tales (1832-1841)：The Pioneers ( 1823 ). 《拓荒者》The Last of the Mohicans ( 1826 )《最后的莫希干人》The Prairie ( 1827 ). 《大草原》The Pathfinder ( 1840 ). 《探路者》The Deerslayer ( 1841 ). 《猎鹿人》Central figure: Natty BumppoUncas: “The Last of the Mohicans”4. William Cullen Brant：Thanatopsis 《死之思考》"To a Waterfowl" 《致水鸟》:Matthew Arnold, the eminent English critic and poet, called it the “most perfect brief poem in the language”.5.Edgar Allan Poe:Poems: The Raven, To Helen, Annabel LeeShort stories: The Fall of the House of Usher6.Ralph Waldo EmersonNature：Henry David Thoreau: Walden Dial7.Nathaniel HawthorneHow do you interpret the symbol “A ” in The Scarlet Letter?8.Herman MelvilleMoby-DickWhat is/are the symbolic meaning/meanings of the white whale, Moby Dick?What are themes of the novel Moby Dick?9.Henry Wadsworth LongfellowA Psalm of Life: What the Heart of the Young Man Said to thePsalmistPart 4 The Literature of Realism1.Literary terms: American Realism, free verse, LocalColor （ism）/Regionalism2.Henry James: International themes, PsychologicalRealismAmerican versus European Character (innocence Vs.sophistication), Social and Emotional Maturation3.Theodore Dreiser:Trilogy of Desire -The Financier, The Titan, and The Stoic. His best known work is An American TragedyThemes of Sister Carrie: Materialism/consumerism, Money and Morality, American Dream, Change and Transformation, Choices and Consequences, Class Conflict, IdentityPart 5 20th Century Literature/ Modernism1.Literary term: American Modernism, Imagism, the LostGeneration2.Robert Frost:How do you understand Frost’s poem “The Road Not Taken”?3.F. Scot Fitzgeraldthemes of The Great Gatsby: The Decline/disillusionment of the American Dream in the 1920s, The Hollowness of the Upper Class, Honesty，Decay，Gender Roles，Violence，Class, World War I4.Ernest HemingwayMasterpiece: The Old Man and the SeaThe Iceberg Theory5.William Faulkner:An important interpreter of the universal theme of "the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself." Experiments in the use of stream-of-consciousness technique and in the dislocation of narrative timeThemes: sex, class, race relations, and relations with nature the Yoknaptawpha saga, southern literatureMajor works：As I Lay Dying，Sanctuary，Light in August，A bsalom，Absalom! The Sound and the FuryGo Down，Moses。

美国文学复习大纲

美国文学复习大纲美国文学1THE LITERATURE OF COLONIAL AMERICA1.1 The first permanent English settlement in North America wasestablished at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607.1.2 The first writing that we call American were the narratives andjournals of these settlements.1.3The first American writer is Captain John Smith,settled inJamestown.1.4 The first American poet is1.5 Puritan Thoughts:the puritans establish their own moral andreligious principles known as American Puritanism, which became one of the enduring influences in American literature. American Puritanism stressed on predestination, depravity, original sin, and salvation of selected few from God's grace. With such doctrines in their minds, Puritans left Europe for America in order to establish a theocracy in the new world. over the years in new homeland they establish a new way of life stressed on hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety( 其中也包括个人主义再现)1.6Anne Bradstreet-------the first poet in America by crisis-------the first woman poet in America-------she settled in Massachusetts------ The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America2THE LITERATURE OF REASON AND REVOLUTION2.1主要文体------ politics essay2.2 The War for Independence-----1776-1783---ended in the formation ofa Federative bourgeois democratic republic- the United States ofAmerica2.3 Benjamin Franklin-----思想：自助者天助（God helps those who help themselves）2.4 Thomas Paine----- Great Commoner of Mankind----- Rights of Man; The Age of Reason; Agrarian JusticeAmerican Crisis (a series of 16 pamphlets)2.5 P32 ①for though the flame of liberty may sometimes cease to shine,the coal can never expire.------ spirit / enthusiasm of struggle② but if a thief breaks into my house---- British government2.6★Philip Freneau-----美国前期浪漫主义的代表诗人/ the mostoutstanding writer of the post-Revolutionary period----- “The Poet of Revolution”----- “Father of American Poetry”(连线)----- he settled in Mount Pleasant, near Freehold, NewJersey---- The Wild-Honey Suckle(If nothing once, you nothing lose)3THE LITERATURE OF ROMANTICISM3.1起止时间：Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book(1819-1820)---Whitman’s Leaves of Grass(1858)3.2浪漫主义的一般特点：moral enthusiasm, faith in the value ofindividualism and intuitive perception, a presumption thatthe naturalworld was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source ofcorruption.3.3Oversoul: an all-pervading power for goodness from which all thingscome and of which all thing are a part.3.4美国国歌：Star-Spangled Banner3.5Literature from: novels, short stories, poems.3.6The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature becamea permanent convention of American literature.3.7★Washington Irving---- Father of American short stories(连线)-----the messenger sent from the new world to theold world----- the first great prose stylist of Americanromanticism----- Sketch Book (33篇文章+ 1篇自传)----- The Legend of Sleepy Hollow3.8James Fenimore Cooper--------The founder of the frontier stories-------- two kinds of immensely popular stories:the sea adventure tale; the frontier saga.The best of his many sea romances was ThePilot---------★连线Leatherstocking Tales(TheDeerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, ThePathfinder, The Pioneers, The Prairie)------“The nearest approach yet to anAmerican epic”3.9William Cullen Bryant-----Thanatopsis（意为view of death）To a Waterfowl3.10★Edgar Allan Poe------ the founder of detective stories-------T o Helen: perfumed sea(one’s home land)of yore (cherish the ancient time/ancient beauty) bore to (brought to);wont to (be accustomed to)classic face (face of classic beauty) To the glory that was Greece, And the grandeur thatwas Rome (the great achievement in Greece and Rome) --------Annabel Lee (①倒数第二个stanza 运用comparison 的手法表现了对LEE 的爱。

美国文学教学大纲

美国文学教学大纲引言美国文学是世界上最具影响力和多样性的文学之一。

从早期的移民文学到当代的文学作品，美国文学展示了美国历史、文化和社会的演变。

本教学大纲致力于介绍学生们美国文学的重要作品、作者、主题和文学运动，以增进他们对美国文学的理解和欣赏。

目标本教学大纲的目标是：1. 培养学生对美国文学的基本认识和理解；2. 了解美国文学的历史发展和不同文学流派；3. 分析和解读美国文学中的重要作品和主题；4. 培养学生的批判性思考和分析能力；5. 提高学生的写作和口头表达能力。

教学内容本教学大纲包括以下主题和作品的学习和讨论：1. 移民文学时期- 威廉·布拉德福的《马萨诸塞州的历史》 - 纳撒尼尔·霍桑的《红字》- 华盛顿·欧文的短篇小说集《谋杀故事集》2. 浪漫主义文学运动- 爱默生的散文集《自然》- 爱伦·坡的短篇小说集《黑鸦》- 赫尔曼·梅尔维尔的《白鲸》3. 现实主义文学- 马克·吐温的《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》 - 亨利·詹姆斯的《麦克白斯特》- 卡特琳·安妮·波特的《威尔斯的故事》4. 历史小说- 西奥多·德莱赛的《林肯传》- 威廉·福克纳的《押沙龙，押沙龙！》- 托妮·莫里森的《亲爱的》5. 现代主义文学- 弗朗茨·凯夫卡的《变形记》- F·斯科特·菲茨杰拉德的《了不起的盖茨比》- 埃内斯特·海明威的《老人与海》教学方法为达到上述目标，我们将采用以下教学方法：1. 课堂讲授：教师将介绍每个主题的背景知识、作品的概要和主要主题。

2. 阅读讨论：学生将阅读每个作品，并参与小组讨论，以理解作品的细节、主题和意义。

3. 文学分析：学生将学习如何分析文学作品的风格、结构、语言和主题，从而培养批判性思考和分析能力。

4. 写作任务：学生将进行文学评论、作品比较和主题探讨等写作任务，以提高他们的写作和表达能力。

第九章19世纪美国文学第一节概论

第九章19世纪美国文学第一节概论第九章19世纪美国文学第一节概论关于美国文学有三点值得注意:第一，它与欧洲文学的血缘关系。

美国文学以欧洲文学为基础，在发展过程中融入自己的风格。

美国文学是欧洲的和他们本土的东西奇妙结合的产物。

第二，它的多样性与多变性。

美国是一个移民不断涌人，多民族共生共存共融而逐渐形成的国家。

一则文化的多样、多变，二则，19、20世纪美国社会不断的急剧变化，三则，由此造成的美国人的好奇、猎奇，不愿守旧，乐于创新，促成美国文学的多样性、多变性。

第三，关于它的"平民化色彩"。

华盛顿·欧文华盛顿·欧文（Washi ngtonIrving，1783——1859）美国文学的奠基人之一，第一个获得世界声誉的美国作家。

被称为“美国文学之父”。

他受英国作家司各特的影响很大，喜欢咏史怀古。

他是美国文学史上第一个发掘和表现美国历史和风土人情的作家。

他的声誉建立在传世佳作《见闻札记》这部散文故事集上。

他为美国短篇小说和随笔定下了浪漫主义格调。

库柏詹姆斯·费尼莫·库柏（JamesFennimoreCooper，1789——1851）。

因创作了一批“纯粹美国式”的长篇小说而被视为美国文学的又一奠基人，在小说领域里，第一个采用民族题材。

他开创了美国文学史上三种不同的小说形式：革命历史小说、边疆题材小说、航海小说。

奠定文学地位的是他描写边疆生活的小说《皮袜子故事集》。

按写作顺序为《开拓者》、《最后的莫希干人》、《草原》、《探路者》、《杀鹿者》。

麦尔维尔（1819—1891）麦尔维尔（HermanMelville，1819——1891）美国浪漫主义作家，出生纽约，是当时典型的中部美国人。

曾出海捕鲸，浪迹天涯。

受霍桑影响大，相信恶念永存。

代表作《白鲸》（MobyDick）献给霍桑。

《白鲸》描写捕鲸捕鲸工人的生活与宽广的胸怀。

白鲸作为生产过程中与人对立的因素，具有一定的象征意义。