牛津译林版八年级英语下册全册词汇、句型、语法知识点及训练汇总

牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit 1 Past and present词汇、句型、语法知识点及训练知识精讲一、必背词汇past n. 过去adj.过去的present n. 现在，目前just adv. 刚才since conj. 自……以来prep.自……以来ever adv. 曾经northern adj. 北方，北部的married adj. 已婚的，结婚的wife n.(pl. wives) 妻子block n.街区over prep. 在……期间pollution n. 污染；污染物factory n. 工厂waste n. 废料；废品realize (= realise )vt.& vi.意识到；实现improve vt.&vi. 改进，改善situation n. 形势，情况impossible adj. 不可能的before adv.以前，过去lonely adj. 孤独的，寂寞的anyway adv. 尽管，即使这样husband n. 丈夫interview n. 采访；会见yet adv. 还，仍recently adv.近来，最近environment n. 环境transport n.交通车辆，运输工具condition n. 环境，条件，状况return vi. 返回last adv.最近，上一次；最后abroad adv. 到（在）国外primary adj. 小学教育的；初级的communicate vt. &vi. 交流，交际exactly adv.（答语）正是，没错narrow adj. 狭窄的二、重点词汇1. present noun /ˈprez.ənt/1). something that you are given, without asking for it, on a special occasion, especially to showfriendship, or to say thank you（尤指表示友谊或致谢的）礼物，赠品例句：They gave me theatre tickets as a present.他们送给我戏票作为礼物。

2). the presentthe period of time that is happening now, not the past or the future现在，目前例句：That's all for the present. 暂且就讲这些。

3). at presentnow现在，目前例句：At present she's working abroad. 她目前在国外工作。

2. realize verb /ˈrɪə.laɪz/1). to understand a situation, sometimes suddenly明白；认识到；意识到例句：They didn't realize the danger they were in.他们没有意识到自己身处危险之中。

2). to achieve something you were hoping for实现；使变为事实；使发生例句：Ten years later her worst fears were realized.10年后，她最害怕的事情发生了。

3. lonely adjective /ˈləʊn.li/1). unhappy because you are not with other people孤独的，寂寞的例句：She gets lonely now that all the kids have left home.现在孩子们都离开了家，她感到有些孤独。

2). A lonely place is a long way from where people live.孤独的，孤零零的，远离人群的例句：a lonely stretch of Arizona highway 亚利桑那一段荒凉的公路4. recently adverb /ˈriː.sənt.li/not long ago, or at a time that started not long ago最近；近来例句：Have you seen any good films recently?你最近看过什么好电影吗？5. communicate verb /kəˈmjuː.nɪ.keɪt/1). to share information with others by speaking, writing, moving your body, or using other signals交流，沟通（信息）例句：We can now communicate instantly with people on the other side of the world.我们现在可以与生活在地球另一边的人们进行即时交流。

2). to talk about your thoughts and feelings, and help other people to understand them传达，表达，传递，沟通（思想或感情）例句：I find I just can't communicate with her. 我发现我和她就是无法沟通。

三、必背短语used to 曾经turn into 把……变成……in some ways 在某种程度上from time to time 不时，有时，偶尔all one's life 一生keep in touch 保持联系be used to 习惯于，适应于open space 开阔的空地get used to 习惯于，适应于四、经典句型1. You used to be so kind to me.你过去对我那么友好。

2. I've lived here since I was born.我自从出生以来就生活在这。

3. Has the town changed a lot over the years?这些年该镇变化很大吗？4. I have already read this book many times.这本书我已经读过很多遍了。

5. Many changes have taken place in Moonlight Town over the years.这些年月光城发生了很多变化。

三点剖析一、考点1. 现在完成时1). 构成形式：sb. have/has done2). 现在完成时用法：➢表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

➢表示动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还要持续下去，常和for, since连用。

3). 动词过去分词变化规律：➢一般情况下，直接在动词词尾加ed➢以“e”结尾的动词，在词尾加d➢以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，将y变成i 再加ed➢重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写辅音字母，再加ed➢其他不规则变化4). 相关句型➢一般疑问句：Have/Has +主语+done…？➢否定句：主语+have/has + not +done…2. since的用法1). since作介词时，意为“从……以来”。

since+ 时间点表示一段时间，常与完成时态连用，相当于for+一段时间。

例句：I have lived here since 5 years ago.=I have lived here for 5 years.自从五年前我就住在这儿。

2). since作连词时，还可引导时间状语从句。

通常主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。

例句：Uncle Wang has worked at this factory since he came to this city.自从到这个城市以来，王叔叔一直在这个工厂工作。

二、易错点1. happen & take place1). happen表示“发生”，通常指未准备地发生或偶然发生。

例句：The accident happened at about 10.事故大约发生在10点钟。

2). take place通常指预先安排好要发生的事，因此在汉语中除翻译为“发生”外，还译为“举行”。

例句：The meeting will take place on Sunday.会议将于星期日举行。

Great changes have taken place here since last year.自去年以来，这里发生了巨大变化。

3). happen & take place都属于不及物动词，因此既不能带宾语，也不能用被动语态。

2. get used to和used to do1). get used to意为“习惯于……”，与be used to同义。

to为介词，后面跟代词、名词或动名词。

例句：His father gets used to getting up early.他父亲习惯于早起。

2). used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，to是不定式符号，后接动词原形。

used to本身就是过去时态，没有人与数的变化，暗含“现在已不再这样”之意。

be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”，是use…to do sth的被动语态。

题模精选题模一：Unit 1 词汇应用例1.1.1 Last Thursday when I got to the station, I _________ I had left my ticket at home. A．understood B．realizedC．believed D．seemed例1.1.2 根据所给汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。

1). 我想坐公交车在市里四处转转。

I’d like to _________ _________ the city by bus.2). 这个地方曾经是个小村庄。

This place _________ _________ _________ a small village.题模二：语法--现在完成时例1.2.1 His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _________ he came to Yunnan.A．after B．before C．sinceD．for例1.2.2 根据要求改写句子。

1). Susan has been in this city for more than ten years. (改为同义句)_________ _________ more than ten years _________ Susan _________ to this city.2). His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)His uncle _________ posted the photos to him _________.随堂练习随练1.1 Mr. White is busy preparing for _________ interview these days. He says _________ interview will take place this Friday.A．an; the B．a; theC．an; an D．the; an随练1.2 Amy has studied in this school _________ she was seven years old.A．since B．if C．untilD．after随练1.3 Catherine got married _________ a policeman twenty years ago.A．with B．for C．toD．and随练1.4 根据所给汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。