浅谈中国菜的英语翻译
浅析中国菜名的准确英译
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浅析中国菜名的准确英译陈思(2012418287)翻译学院翻译专业摘要:中国饮食文化历史悠久,博大精深,大型纪录片《舌尖上的中国》热播也引发中国美食追根溯源的讨论。
近几年,越来越多的外国人到中国并对中国菜感兴趣。
因此,中式菜肴也是传播中华文化的一种载体。
如何正确恰当的翻译中国菜名在传播中华文明方面起到直观重要的作用。
中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家,饮食文化是中国悠久历史的重要组成部分,其内容丰富,博大精深。
改革开放以来,越来越多的有着不同文化背景的人来到中国,并对中国菜很感兴趣。
外国朋友在品尝中国美食的同时,常常好奇和渴望知道中国一些菜名的由来、起源和其真正的含义。
中国菜的名字作为一个窗口,实际上是用一个有效手段来告知外国人中国的一些文化背景。
因此,重视菜肴的准确应以在传播中华饮食文化上起到了重要的作用。
1.中国菜名的特征由于中国菜的多样化,中国菜名字的特征区别于其他任何一个国家,无论是从语言学还是从文化层面。
1.1从语言学观点1.1.1经常使用缩写中国菜的特点结合许多配料和调味料在一个单一的食物中,那样经常会出现很难用很短的名字去呈现出包含所有材料的情况。
从而缩写名字通常是首选。
“豆豉炒三鲜”,中国人觉得这些食物食物无论是单独或者搭配在一起都是上佳口味,鲜美可口。
有烹饪方法和食物材料组成名字,简明易懂,并且传达出了食物的特性。
在翻译时应同时传达出这种思想。
在网上有众多关于炒三鲜的英译,最为普遍的是Mix seafood with black bean sauce。
这种翻译方法突出了三鲜的种类,简明扼要。
相传周武王在庆功宴上犒劳他八个伐纣有功的大臣,所以食物取名八宝饭。
正宗的八宝饭由糯米、豆沙、枣、葡萄干、苹果干、蜜瓜、莲子、杏干、枸杞、山楂肉、猪油、白糖、淀粉做成。
成品八宝饭应该是晶莹透亮、香甜可口。
而翻译时应译出的口味而不是八个大臣。
1.1.2 经常使用四字格式在中国很喜欢用数量的音节在同一个词或者短语中他们是有两个音节或者两个双音节组成四字词语,这样让人感到整齐,圆满。
小议中国部分菜肴英译
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小议中国部分菜肴英译中国有着悠久的美食文化,以其独特的风味和烹饪方式展示出厚重的历史意义和文化内涵,令人口齿留香。
下面就是本人对于中国部分菜肴的英译的小议。
1、麻婆豆腐(Mápó Tofu)麻婆豆腐是一款来自四川的经典菜肴,它是指将豆腐切成丁状,再淋上麻辣豆瓣酱和肉末、豆豉等一起烧制而成。
这道菜肴色香味俱佳,辣味浓郁,口感丰富。
Mapo Tofu is a classic Sichuan dish made from diced tofu, mixed with spicy bean paste, minced meat and fermented black beans. This dish has a balanced spicy and savoury taste, and is a colourful and fragrant delight.2、糖醋排骨(Tángcù Páigǔ)糖醋排骨是一道酸甜爽口的中国传统菜肴,制作过程简单,选用鲜嫩的猪肋骨,炒至金黄后,淋上糖醋汁,慢炖至入味即可。
这道菜肴外焦里嫩,色泽金黄,口感糯软,清甜爽口,是一道特别适合家庭聚餐和宴客的下酒佳品。
3、红烧肉(Hóngshāo Ròu)红烧肉是一种传统的中国菜肴,也是各地区家常菜的代表之一。
它通常是选择五花肉切成块状,配以生姜、葱、料酒等食材用油炸后加入酱油、冰糖、八角等调料慢炖煮熟。
这道菜肴肉质鲜嫩,色泽红亮,香含味浓,是富有中国人自豪感和家乡情怀的代表性美食之一。
4、北京烤鸭 (Běijīng Kǎoyā)北京烤鸭是一种源于中国北京的菜肴,以肉质鲜嫩,皮脆肉嫩著称,是中国特色菜肴之一。
北京烤鸭的制作十分考究,它的制作步骤通常包括挑选鸭子、杀鸭、入药、冰水冲、沥干、五香等等。
鸭子经过如此繁琐的制作工序,其美味口感和色香味俱佳的可口滋味也成为了烤鸭琳琅满目的醉人美景。
浅议中国菜名英译之方法word版本(1680)
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浅议中国菜名英译之方法郭晶(武汉交通职业技术学院湖北·武汉430065)摘要随着我国与国外的经济文化交流日益频繁。
中国饮食文化逐渐走向世界。
但由于缺乏正确的翻译方法,中国菜名的翻译往往不尽如人意。
本文针对中国菜肴不同的分类提出相应的翻译方法,期望能够准确地翻译中国菜名,更好地展现中国饮食文化。
关键词中国饮食文化翻译方法我国悠久的历史,广袤的国土孕育了独特的中国饮食文化。
几千年来不断的积累和创新使中国菜肴受到越来越多海外人士的青睐。
但是,在我们向外展示中国美食文化时,如何恰当地翻译中文菜名呢?笔者对中国菜肴的不同种类采取不同的翻译方法,期望能够避免由于不正确的翻译而引起误会。
1 中国菜名的分类中国传统菜肴大致分为三类。
一类为中国喜庆菜肴,中国人民在庆祝传统节日和喜庆事件时会专门做一些“吉祥菜”来表达喜庆之情。
这类菜名有着中国传统美学的特征,菜式名称多讲“好意头”,如全家福,龙凤烩等。
第二类菜肴则为中国地方小吃。
其菜名多根据小吃发源地的地名或蕴含的故事而命名,如:天津麻花,驴打滚等。
第三类则是常见中国传统菜名。
这类菜肴大多以菜的主料、烹制方法或菜肴的口感命名,如火腿鸡片,脆皮鸡等。
2 喜庆菜肴名称翻译从功能翻译理论来看,翻译的目的决定翻译的策略。
决定翻译目的的最重要因素之一是译文的接受者,他们有自己的文化背景,对译文的期待以及交际要求(张美芳)。
因此,翻译最忌讳不能被接收者所接受。
如,有人曾把“红烧狮子头”译成“stewed red lion’s head”,试想外国人看到这个译名敢吃这道菜吗?翻译言外有意的菜名,应该跳出菜名,从菜肴的特产产地、制作方法和选材用料等方面翻译菜名。
比如“全家福”是庆祝春节的传统菜式,寓意全家团团圆圆相聚一堂。
如果把它译成“Happiness of Family”,听起来实在让人摸不着头脑。
何况西方人是线性思维,从问题到方案,从现状点到目标点,直截了当。
在菜肴名称上,他们更注重菜名所表达的信息即这道菜的内容和味道。
中国菜英语介绍
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中国菜英语介绍Chinese cuisine is an integral part of Chinese culture and is renowned for its diversity of flavors, ingredients, and cooking techniques. From the spicy dishes of Sichuan to the delicate flavors of Cantonese cuisine, Chinese food has a rich and varied culinary tradition that has captivated people all over the world.Chinese cuisine can be categorized into four major regional styles: Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western. Each of these regions has its own distinct culinary traditions and flavors, resulting in a wide variety of dishes that cater to different tastes and preferences.One of the most famous and beloved styles of Chinese cuisine is Sichuan cuisine, known for its bold and spicy flavors. Sichuan dishes often feature the use of Sichuan peppercorns, chili peppers, and other pungent spices, creating a unique and fiery taste that is characteristic of the region.Another popular style of Chinese cuisine is Cantonese cuisine, which is known for its emphasis on freshingredients and delicate flavors. Cantonese dishes often feature seafood, poultry, and vegetables, and are typically cooked using methods such as steaming, stir-frying, and deep-frying.In addition to these regional styles, Chinese cuisine also encompasses a wide variety of dishes that are enjoyed across the country. Dim sum, a style of Chinese cuisinethat features small, bite-sized portions of food served in bamboo steamers, is a popular choice for brunch or lunch. Dishes such as dumplings, baozi (steamed buns), and spring rolls are also widely enjoyed and are often served as appetizers or snacks.Chinese cuisine is also known for its use of a wide variety of ingredients, including meats such as pork, chicken, and duck, as well as an array of seafood and vegetables. Commonly used seasonings and condiments include soy sauce, oyster sauce, vinegar, and a variety of aromatic spices.Overall, Chinese cuisine is a vibrant and diverse culinary tradition that offers something for everyone. Whether you enjoy the bold and spicy flavors of Sichuancuisine or the delicate and fresh flavors of Cantonese cuisine, Chinese food is sure to delight your taste buds and leave you craving for more.中国菜是中国文化不可或缺的一部分,以其多样的口味、食材和烹饪技巧而闻名。
浅谈中式菜名的英译及中国餐饮文化
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摘要:美食配美名是中国饮食文化的特色之一。
中国菜品命名法主要分为写实和写意两类。
本文从中国菜的命名和构词方式入手,初步探讨了直译、音译、意译、直译加注、音译加注、意译加注等六种中国菜名的英译方法,并对中国餐饮文化进行了研究。
关键词:中式菜名;英译方法;餐饮文化中图分类号:H315.9文献标识码:A文章编号:1007-3558(2006)02-0111-04收稿日期:2006-01-05作者简介:黄蔷(1973—),女,重庆人,重庆工学院外国语学院讲师,硕士,2004年9月-2005年9月期间在美国德克萨斯大学奥斯丁分校英语系担任访问学者,研究方向为应用语言学,跨文化交际;王微萍(1961—),女,重庆人,副教授,硕士研究生,重庆工学院外国语学院副院长,研究方向为英语语言文学,应用语言学。
一、前言我们伟大的祖国幅员辽阔、人口众多,几千年的悠久历史形成了丰富多彩的饮食文化。
美食配美名是中国饮食文化的特色之一,其菜名浓缩了博大精深的烹饪技艺和地方特色,折射出中华民族源远流长、绚丽多姿的饮食文化。
中国菜品命名主要分为写实型和写意型两类。
写实法如实地反映出菜式的原料搭配、刀工火候、烹饪调味以及摆盘器皿等,重点突出菜品的主料名称;而趋吉避讳、去俗求雅的文化心态是写意法菜名命名的心理基础,它注重“形、音、意”方面的意境美,往往可以激发食欲、耐人寻味。
写意性菜名主要包括通过谐音、同音寄意抒怀的菜名,如,“三元及第”的“元”与“丸”谐音,“绝代双骄”的青椒炒红椒的“椒”与“骄”谐音;通过形态相似类比象征的菜名,如,“步步高升”指乌竹笋炒排骨,“青龙过江”指空心菜汤;通过意合神会祈福求吉的菜名,如,“一品天香”即清炒素菜,“五谷丰登”即八宝饭;通过数字夸张,意趣横生的菜名,如,“千层油糕”,“九转大肠”;通过饮食行业隐语美化粉饰真实用料的菜名,如,“龙虎凤”实代蛇猫鸡,“芙蓉”暗喻蛋白,“翡翠”实代青菜,“划水妙”喻鱼尾,“白玉”意指豆腐。
浅谈中文菜名的跨文化英文翻译
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A Study on the Cross-cultural English Translationof Chinese Dishes浅谈中文菜名的跨文化英文翻译Abstract: There are many differences between eastern and western diet cultures. As one of the world ancient nations, its diet has a history almost as long as that of Chinese civilization. Chinese cuisine holds ahighly important position in Chinese culture. As one of the famous international tourism countries, China welcome more and more foreigners to go sightseeing here. Correct and elegant translation of dish names plays an important role in promoting the image to international world as visitors from different cultural backgrounds are increasing.Its diet culture has also been getting rich gradually, which makes English translation of Chinese menu more difficult. Therefore it is needed to surmount double barriers to language and culture between eastern and western diet. In order to let foreigners understand and accept the name of Chinese dish, there are some criteria that we must followed when translating. Based on these aspects, some translation principles and methods will be discussed in this theses.Key words:Chinese dishes, diet culture, translation principles, translation methods摘要:中西方文化存在着许多差异。
中国菜特点英语介绍作文
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中国菜特点英语介绍作文Chinese cuisine is one of the most popular and diverse cuisines in the world. It is known for its unique flavors, textures, and cooking techniques. In this essay, I will introduce the characteristics of Chinese cuisine.Firstly, Chinese cuisine is famous for its use of fresh ingredients. Chinese chefs often use fresh vegetables, meats, and seafood to create their dishes. This is because fresh ingredients are believed to enhance the flavor and nutritional value of the food. Furthermore, Chinese cuisine also emphasizes the use of seasonal ingredients. For example, during the summer, Chinese chefs often use more light and refreshing ingredients, such as cucumbers and watermelon.Secondly, Chinese cuisine is known for its various cooking techniques. Chinese chefs use a wide range of cooking methods, including stir-frying, steaming, boiling, braising, and deep-frying. Each cooking method has its ownunique effect on the food. For example, stir-frying is a quick and high-heat cooking method that is used to retain the natural flavor and texture of the ingredients. Steaming is a gentle cooking method that is used to preserve the nutrients and moisture of the food.Thirdly, Chinese cuisine is characterized by its use of sauces and seasonings. Chinese chefs often use a variety of sauces, such as soy sauce, oyster sauce, and hoisin sauce, to add flavor to their dishes. In addition, Chinese cuisine also uses a variety of seasonings, such as ginger, garlic, and Sichuan peppercorn, to add depth and complexity to the flavors.Finally, Chinese cuisine is known for its regional diversity. China is a vast country with many different regions, each with its own unique cuisine. For example, Cantonese cuisine is known for its use of seafood and light flavors, while Sichuan cuisine is known for its spicy and bold flavors.In conclusion, Chinese cuisine is a unique and diversecuisine that is characterized by its use of fresh ingredients, various cooking techniques, sauces and seasonings, and regional diversity. It is no wonder that Chinese cuisine has become so popular around the world.。
中国菜单的标准英语翻译
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中国菜英语翻译(全)中餐 Chinese Food冷菜类 Cold Dishes白菜心拌蜇头:Marinated Jellyfish and Chinese Cabbage in Vinaigrette白灵菇扣鸭掌:Mushrooms with Duck Feet拌豆腐丝:Shredded Tofu with Sauce白切鸡:Boiled Chicken with Sauce拌双耳:Tossed Black and White Fungus冰梅凉瓜:Bitter Melon in Plum Sauce冰镇芥兰:Chinese Broccoli with Wasabi朝鲜辣白菜:Korean Cabbage in Chili Sauce朝鲜泡菜:Kimchi陈皮兔肉:Rabbit Meat with Tangerine Flavor川北凉粉:Clear Noodles in Chili Sauce刺身凉瓜:Bitter Melon with Wasabi豆豉多春鱼:Shisamo in Black Bean Sauce夫妻肺片:Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce干拌牛舌:Ox Tongue in Chili Sauce干拌顺风:Pig Ear in Chili Sauce怪味牛腱:Spiced Beef Shank红心鸭卷:Sliced Duck Rolls with Egg Yolk姜汁皮蛋:Preserved Eggs in Ginger Sauce酱香猪蹄:Pig Feet Seasoned with Soy Sauce酱肘花:Sliced Pork in Soy Sauce金豆芥兰:Chinese Broccoli with Soy Beans韭黄螺片:Sliced Sea Whelks with Hotbed Chives老北京豆酱:Traditional Beijing Bean Paste老醋泡花生:Peanuts Pickled in Aged Vinegar凉拌金针菇:Golden Mushrooms and Mixed Vegetables 凉拌西芹云耳:Celery with White Fungus卤水大肠:Marinated Pork Intestines卤水豆腐:Marinated Tofu卤水鹅头:Marinated Goose Heads卤水鹅翼:Marinated Goose Wings卤水鹅掌:Marinated Goose Feet卤水鹅胗:Marinated Goose Gizzard卤水鸡蛋:Marinated Eggs卤水金钱肚:Marinated Pork Tripe卤水牛腱:Marinated Beef Shank卤水牛舌:Marinated Ox Tongue卤水拼盘:Marinated Meat Combination卤水鸭肉:Marinated Duck Meat萝卜干毛豆:Dried Radish with Green Soybean麻辣肚丝:Shredded Pig Tripe in Chili Sauce美味牛筋:Beef Tendon蜜汁叉烧:Honey-Stewed BBQ Pork明炉烧鸭:Roast Duck泡菜什锦:Assorted Pickles泡椒凤爪:Chicken Feet with Pickled Peppers皮蛋豆腐:Tofu with Preserved Eggs乳猪拼盘:Roast Suckling Pig珊瑚笋尖:Sweet and Sour Bamboo Shoots爽口西芹:Crispy Celery四宝烤麸:Marinated Bran Dough with Peanuts and Black Fungus 松仁香菇:Black Mushrooms with Pine Nuts蒜茸海带丝:Sliced Kelp in Garlic Sauce跳水木耳:Black Fungus with Pickled Capsicum拌海螺:Whelks and Cucumber五彩酱鹅肝:Goose Liver with White Gourd五香牛肉:Spicy Roast Beef五香熏干:Spicy Smoked Dried Tofu五香熏鱼:Spicy Smoked Fish五香云豆:Spicy Kidney Beans腌三文鱼:Marinated Salmon盐焗鸡:Baked Chicken in Salt盐水虾肉:Poached Salted Shrimps Without Shell糟香鹅掌:Braised Goose Feet in Rice Wine Sauce酿黄瓜条:Pickled Cucumber Strips米醋海蜇:Jellyfish in Vinegar卤猪舌:Marinated Pig Tongue三色中卷:Squid Rolls Stuffed with Bean, Ham and Egg Yolk 蛋衣河鳗:Egg Rolls Stuffed with Eel盐水鹅肉:Goose Slices in Salted Spicy Sauce冰心苦瓜:Bitter Melon Salad五味九孔:Fresh Abalone in Spicy Sauce明虾荔枝沙拉:Shrimps and Litchi Salad五味牛腱:Spicy Beef Shank拌八爪鱼:Spicy Cuttlefish鸡脚冻:Chicken Feet Galantine香葱酥鱼:Crispy Crucian Carp in Scallion Oil蒜汁鹅胗:Goose Gizzard in Garlic Sauce黄花素鸡:Vegetarian Chicken with Day Lily姜汁鲜鱿:Fresh Squid in Ginger Sauce桂花糯米藕:Steamed Lotus Root Stuffed with Sweet Sticky Rice 卤鸭冷切:Spicy Marinated Duck松田青豆:Songtian Green Beans色拉九孔:Abalone Salad凉拌花螺:Cold Sea Whelks with Dressing素鸭:Vegetarian Duck酱鸭:Duck Seasoned with Soy Sauce麻辣牛筋:Spicy Beef Tendon醉鸡:Liquor-Soaked Chicken可乐芸豆:French Beans in Coca-Cola桂花山药:Chinese Yam with Osmanthus Sauce豆豉鲫鱼:Crucian Carp with Black Bean Sauce水晶鱼冻:Fish Aspic酱板鸭:Spicy Salted Duck烧椒皮蛋:Preserved Eggs with Chili酸辣瓜条:Cucumber with Hot and Sour Sauce五香大排:Spicy Pork Ribs三丝木耳:Black Fungus with Cucumber and Vermicelle 酸辣蕨根粉:Hot and Sour Fern Root Noodles小黄瓜蘸酱:Small Cucumber with Soybean Paste拌苦菜:Mixed Bitter Vegetables蕨根粉拌蛰头:Fern Root Noodles with Jellyfish老醋黑木耳:Black Fungus in Vinegar清香苦菊:Chrysanthemum with Sauce琥珀核桃:Honeyed Walnuts杭州凤鹅:Pickled Goose, Hangzhou Style香吃茶树菇:Spicy Tea Tree Mushrooms琥珀花生:Honeyed Peanuts葱油鹅肝:Goose Liver with Scallion and Chili Oil 拌爽口海苔:Sea Moss with Sauce巧拌海茸:Mixed Seaweed蛋黄凉瓜:Bitter Melon with Egg Yolk龙眼风味肠:Sausage Stuffed with Salty Egg水晶萝卜:Sliced Turnip with Sauce腊八蒜茼蒿:Crown Daisy with Sweet Garlic香辣手撕茄子:Eggplant with Chili Oil酥鲫鱼:Crispy Crucian Carp水晶鸭舌:Duck Tongue Aspic卤水鸭舌:Marinated Duck Tongue香椿鸭胗:Duck Gizzard with Chinese Toon卤水鸭膀:Marinated Duck Wings香糟鸭卷:Duck Rolls Marinated in Rice Wine盐水鸭肝:Duck Liver in Salted Spicy Sauce水晶鹅肝:Goose Liver Aspic豉油乳鸽皇:Braised Pigeon with Black Bean Sauce 酥海带:Crispy Seaweed脆虾白菜心:Chinese Cabbage with Fried Shrimps香椿豆腐:Tofu with Chinese Toon拌香椿苗:Chinese Toon with Sauce糖醋白菜墩:Sweet and Sour Chinese Cabbage姜汁蛰皮:Jellyfish in Ginger Sauce韭菜鲜桃仁:Fresh Walnuts with Leek花生太湖银鱼:Taihu Silver Fish with Peanuts 生腌百合南瓜:Marinated Lily Bulbs and Pumpkin 酱鸭翅:Duck Wings Seasoned with Soy Sauce萝卜苗:Turnip Sprouts八宝菠菜:Spinach with Eight Delicacies竹笋青豆:Bamboo Shoots and Green Beans凉拌苦瓜:Bitter Melon in Sauce芥末木耳:Black Fungus with Mustard Sauce炸花生米:Fried Peanuts小鱼花生:Fried Silver Fish with Peanuts德州扒鸡:Braised Chicken, Dezhou Style清蒸火腿鸡片:Steamed Sliced Chicken with Ham 熏马哈鱼:Smoked Salmon家常皮冻:Pork Skin Aspic大拉皮:Tossed Mung Clear Noodles in Sauce蒜泥白肉:Pork with Garlic Sauce鱼露白肉:Boiled Pork in Anchovy Sauce酱猪肘:Pork Hock Seasoned with Soy Sauce酱牛肉:Beef Seasoned with Soy Sauce红油牛筋:Beef Tendon in Chili Sauce卤牛腩:Marinated Beef Brisket in Spiced Sauce泡椒鸭丝:Shredded Duck with Pickled Peppers拌茄泥:Mashed Eggplant with Garlic糖拌西红柿:Tomato Slices with Sugar糖蒜:Sweet Garlic腌雪里蕻:Pickled Potherb Mustard凉拌黄瓜:Cucumber in Sauce燕窝类 Bird's Nest Soup冰花炖官燕:Braised Bird's Nest with Rock Candy冰糖银耳燕窝:Braised Bird's Nest with White Fungus and Rock Candy高汤炖官燕:Stewed Bird's Nest红胶官燕:Braised Bird's Nest and Seaweed红烧鹿茸血燕:Braised Bird's Nest with Deer Antler红烧蟹黄官燕:Braised Bird's Nest with Crab Roe红烧血燕:Braised Red Bird's Nest木瓜炖官燕:Braised Bird's Nest with Papaya腿汁红烧官燕:Braised Bird's Nest in Ham Sauce杏汁炖官燕:Double-Boiled Superior Bird's Nest with Almond Juice冰花炖血燕:Stewed Red Bird's Nest with Rock Candy香橙炖官燕:Braised Bird's Nest in Orange Sauce雪梨官燕:Braised Bird's Nest with Snow Pear椰汁冰花炖官燕:Stewed Superior Bird's Nest with White Fungus and Coconut Milk鱼籽蟹肉烩燕窝:Braised Bird's Nest with Crab Meat and Fish Roe福寿炖燕窝:Braised Bird's Nest一品燕窝:Best Quality Bird's Nest Soup王府清汤官燕:Bird's Nest Soup冰花芙蓉官燕:Stewed Bird's Nest with Egg White煲类 Casserole白果煲老鸭:Duck Soup with Gingko en Casserole鲍鱼海珍煲:Braised Abalone and Seafood en Casserole鲫鱼黄花煲:Crucian Carp and Day Lily en Casserole锅仔潮菜银鳕鱼:Stewed Codfish with Salted Vegetables, Chao Zhou Style锅仔潮式凉瓜猪肚:Stewed Pork Tripe with Bitter Melon, Chaozhou Style锅仔鸡汤菌:Stewed Mushrooms in Chicken Soup锅仔药膳乌鸡:Stewed Black-Boned Chicken with Chinese Herbs锅仔鱼肚浸围虾:Stewed Fish Maw with Shrimps海鲜日本豆腐煲:Braised Seafood with Japanese Tofu凉瓜排骨煲:Braised Pork Ribs with Bitter Melon南乳粗斋煲:Braised Assorted Vegetables with Marinated Tofu 浓汤沙锅三鲜:Soup of Sea Cucumber, Shrimps and Ham南瓜芋头煲:Stewed Taro with Pumpkin en Casserole沙茶鱼头煲:Braised Fish Head in Satay Sauce砂锅白菜粉丝:Chinese Cabbage and Vermicelli in Pottery Pot 砂锅鱼头豆腐:Stewed Fish Head with Tofu in Pottery Pot海鲜砂锅:Stewed Seafood in Pottery Pot鱼头砂锅:Stewed Fish Head in Pottery Pot腌鲜砂锅:Shanghai Specialty Casserole砂锅小排翅:Small Shark’s Fin in Pottery Pot砂锅鱼肚:Stewed Fish Maw in Pottery Pot砂锅海米豆腐:Stewed Tofu and Dried Shrimps in Pottery Pot 砂锅萝卜羊排:Stewed Lamb Chops and Turnip in Pottery Pot 砂锅三菇:Stewed Three Kinds of Mushrooms in Pottery Pot砂锅鸡肉丸子:Stewed Chicken Meat Balls in Pottery Pot北菇海参煲:Black Mushrooms and Sea Cucumbers en Casserole 鸡粒咸鱼茄子煲:Diced Chicken, Salted Fish and Eggplant en Casserole粉丝虾米杂菜煲:Vermicelli, Dried Shrimps and AssortedVegetables en Casserole东江豆腐煲:Dongjiang Tofu en Casserole八珍煲:Assorted Meat en Casserole柱侯牛腩煲:Braised Beef Brisket en Casserole虾米粉丝煲:Dried Shrimps and Vermicelli en Casserole咸鱼鸡豆腐煲:Salted Fish, Chicken and Tofu en Casserole 核桃肉煲牛肉汤:Beef Soup with Walnuts梅菜扣肉煲:Steamed Pork with Preserved Vegetable en Casserole 西餐 Western Food头盘及沙拉类 Appetizers, Starters and Salads腌熏三文鱼:Smoked Salmon凯撒沙拉:Caesar Salad鲜蘑鸡肝:Chicken Liver Terrine with Morel奶酪瓤蟹盖:Crab Shells Stuffed with Cheese鲜果海鲜沙拉:Seafood Salad with Fresh Fruit厨师沙拉:Chef's Salad金枪鱼沙拉:Tuna Salad尼斯沙拉:Salad Nicoise汤类 Soups奶油蘑菇汤:Cream of Mushroom Soup奶油胡萝卜汤:Cream of Carrot Soup奶油芦笋汤:Cream of Asparagus Soup墨西哥辣味牛肉汤:Mexican Chili Beef Soup番茄浓汤:Tomato Bisque Soup海鲜周打汤:Seafood Chowder法式洋葱汤:French Onion Soup牛肉清汤:Beef Consommé匈牙利浓汤:Hungarian Goulash香浓牛尾汤:Oxtail Soup意大利蔬菜汤:Minestrone Soup蔬菜干豆汤:Hearty Lentil Soup牛油梨冻汤:Chilled Avocado Soup西班牙番茄冻汤:Gazpacho中国酒Chinese Alcoholic Drinks黄酒类Yellow Wine8年香雕绍兴酒:Xiangdiao Shaoxing Medium Sweet (8 Years) 陈年彩坛花雕:Caitan Huadiao Medium Sweet5年香雕绍兴酒:Xiangdiao Shaoxing(5 Years) Medium Sweet 绍兴花雕10年:Shaoxing Huadiao(10 Years) Medium Sweet绍兴花雕20年:Shaoxing Huadiao (20 Years) Medium Sweet绍兴花雕及清酒:Shaoxing Huadiao and Sake Medium Sweet三十年花雕:Huadiao Shaoxing (30 Years) Medium Sweet绍兴加饭:Shaoxing Jiafan Medium Dry女儿红12年:Nu'er Hong (12 Years)女儿红18年:Nu'er Hong (18 Years)古越龙山:Guyue Longshan青瓷五年:Qingci Huadiao(5 Years) Medium Sweet白酒类Liquor北京醇:Beijing Chun二锅头:Erguotou(Superior 500ml 56°)精装二锅头 52度:Red Star Erguotou (500ml 52°)古钟二锅头:Guzhong Erguotou(500ml 46°)蓝花珍品二锅头:Lanhua Zhenpin Erguotou红星珍品二锅头(500毫升52度) :Red Star Zhenpin Erguotou (500ml 52°)牛栏山经典二锅头(500毫升52度) :Niulanshan Jingdian Erguotou (500ml 52°)青瓷珍品二锅头:Qingci Zhengpin Erguotou(500ml 46°)京酒 38度:Jing Jiu(500ml 38°)三品京酒(500毫升38度) :Sanpin Jing Jiu (500ml 38°)三品京酒(500毫升52度) :Sanpin Jing Jiu (500ml 52°)酒鬼 38度:Jiu Gui(500ml 38°)酒鬼 52度:Jiu Gui(500ml 52°)小酒鬼(250ml):Xiao Jiu Gui(250ml 38°)国酿(贵州茅台系列):Guo Niang (Moutai Liquor Series)茅台 38度:Moutai (500ml 38°)茅台 53度:Moutai (500ml 53°)茅台(三十年) :Moutai (30 years)茅台(十五年) :Moutai (15 years)贵州醇:Guizhou Chun国窖 38度:Guo Jiao (500ml 38°)国窖 52度:Guo Jiao (500ml 52°)国窖1573 :Guo Jiao 1573 (The First Cellar in China)泸州老窖 38度:Luzhou Lao Jiao(38°)泸州老窖 52度:Luzhou Lao Jiao(52°)康雍乾御冠酒(400毫升50度) :Kang Yong Qian Imperial Crown (400ml 50°)康雍乾御酒(450毫升50度) :Kang Yong Qian (450ml 50°)剑南春 38度:Jiannanchun (38°)剑南春 52度:Jiannanchun(52°)蒙古王 44度:Mongolian King(44°)三星金六福(高、低):Jinliufu Three-Star (High/Low)三星金六福(三两):Jinliufu(150ml)五星金六福(高、低):Jinliufu Five-Star (High, Low)金六福(五星)52度:Jinliufu (Five-Star) (52°)水井坊 39度:Shuijingfang (39°)水井坊 52度:Shuijingfang (52°)水井坊 53度:Shuijingfang (53°)五粮液 39度:Wuliangye (39°)五粮液 52度:Wuliangye (52°)五粮液一帆风顺 52度:Wuliangye Liquor Yi Fan Feng Shun (52°)--Symbolizing Plain Sailing小糊涂仙 52度:Xiaohutuxian (52°)小角楼:Xiaojiaolou啤酒Beer青岛啤酒:Tsing Tao Beer青岛扎啤/青岛生啤:Tsing Tao Draught燕京啤酒:Yanjing Beer燕京生啤 0.3升:Yanjing Draught (0.3L)燕京无醇啤酒:Yanjing Alcohol-Free燕京扎啤:Yanjing Draught雪花啤酒:Snow Beer北京生啤:Beijing Draught Beer哈尔滨啤酒:Harbin Beer百威啤酒:Budweiser嘉士伯啤酒:Carlsberg喜力:Heineken朝日啤酒:Asahi Beer老虎啤酒:Tiger蓝带啤酒:Blue Ribbon葡萄酒Wine92年长城干红葡萄酒:Great Wall Red Wine (Year 1992)92年张裕卡斯特干红:Changyu Castel (Year 1992)95年张裕卡斯特干红:Changyu Castel (Year 1995)张裕解百纳干红葡萄酒:Changyu Cavernet张裕香槟:Changyu Sparkling Cider长城1995(长城红葡萄酒,中国):Great Wall Cabernet Sauvignon (Year 1995)长城2002(长城红葡萄酒,中国):Great Wall Cabernet Sauvignon (Year 2002)长城A区(长城红葡萄酒,中国):Great Wall Cabernet Sauvignon 华夏95年长城:Great Wall Vintage Red Wine (Year 1995)华夏长城赤霞珠:Great Wall Cabernet Sauvignon Red Wine华夏长城葡萄园A区:Great Wall Region A Red Wine华夏长城莎当妮:Great Wall Chardonnay White Wine华夏长城特选:Great Wall Selection Red Wine沙城长城干红三星:Great Wall Dry Red (Three-Star)沙城长城干红四星:Great Wall Dry Red (Four-Star)沙城长城干红五星:Great Wall Dry Red (Five-Star)沙城长城干红一星:Great Wall Dry Red (One-Star)雷司令(龙徽,中国):Dragon Seal Riesling龙徽赤霞珠:Dragon Seal Cabernet Sauvignon Red Wine龙徽干白:Dragon Seal Dry White龙徽干白葡萄酒:Dragon Seal Dry White龙徽干红葡萄酒:Dragon Seal Dry Red龙徽怀来珍藏:Dragon Seal Huailai Reserve龙徽怀来珍藏干红葡萄酒:Dragon Seal Huailai Dry Red Reserve 龙徽汽酒:Dragon Seal Sparkling Wine龙徽莎当妮:Dragon Seal Chardonnay White Wine龙徽庄园:Dragon Seal Cru de Red Wine龙徽庄园干红葡萄酒:Dragon Seal Cru de Dry Red西夏王冰白:Xixia King Ice Wine西夏王干红:Xixia King Dry Red西夏王世纪:Xixia King Red Wine总统特选南澳设拉子干红:President's Selection Shiraz Dry Red 总统特选南澳莎当妮干白:President's Selection Chardonnay Dry White。
浅析中餐菜名的翻译
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浅析中餐菜名的翻译随着中餐的普及,越来越多的人开始品尝中餐。
然而,其中一个可能会让外国人困惑的问题是中餐菜名的翻译。
虽然越来越多的中餐餐厅已经采取了英文菜单,但中餐菜名的翻译依然是一股力量,因为中文和英语之间存在文化和语言的差异。
本文将浅析中餐菜名的翻译。
首先,我们需要认识到中文是一门象形文字,而英文是一门声音文字。
中文里的每个字都有它自己的、独特的含义,而多个字组合在一起就组成了一个词语。
但在英文中,单词通常是由一个或多个音素拼合而成的。
这导致中文菜名的翻译存在许多困难。
例如,像“宫保鸡丁”这样的菜名。
它是中国湘菜中最具有代表性的菜之一。
但如果直接翻译成英文,就变成了“kung pao chicken”。
这个翻译看起来很容易理解,但实际上它并不完全准确。
宫保鸡丁不是一般意义上的鸡肉,而是将鸡肉切成较小的丁,再加上花生、红辣椒和葱等调料炒制而成的。
但英文翻译只是简单地将鸡肉翻译成了“chicken”,并没有准确地传达菜肴的味道和特色。
另一个例子是“麻婆豆腐”,这是一道以豆腐和肉末为主要食材的川菜。
这个菜名翻译成英文通常是“mapo tofu”。
然而,麻婆豆腐的特点在于麻辣的口感和豆腐的柔软口感,但英文翻译中的“mapo”并不能完全传达这种味道和口感。
这意味着,只有在中餐菜名的翻译中传达正确的味道和口感,才能更好地吸引外国顾客。
因此,在翻译中可以尝试加上一些形容词或短语来更好地解释这种食物的味道和口感。
例如,在解释“宫保鸡丁”时,可以添加形容词“kung pao”,并表达“鸡肉味道酸甜可口,辣度适中”的含义。
同时,除了口味,文化差异也是中餐菜名翻译的一个难点。
例如,中国人喜欢在吃饭时吃一些小菜,如泡菜、酸甜小黄瓜和糖醋蛋等。
但是,这些食物在西方文化中通常被视为附加菜肴,而不是主菜。
因此,在将这些菜名翻译成英文时,需要对它们进行重新包装,以与西方菜肴的文化背景相融合。
例如,翻译成“Pickled Vegetables with Spicy Sauce”而不是“泡菜”,或“Sweet and Sour Cucumber” 而不是“酸甜小黄瓜”。
2019年八年级英语作文带翻译-中国菜 Chinese Cuisine
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八英语带翻译中国菜 Chinese Cuisine
For most foreigners, their first impression about China is the food, they speak highly of Chinese cuisine. Many years ago, a documentary named A Bite of China was very popular. It introduced the special food from different areas of China. Everyone was watered when they were watching this documentary. It is known to all that China has 55 minorities, so different minorities have their own speciality, which make up of Chinese cuisine. Si Chuan food is famous for its spicy flavor and its hot pot is favored by all. Many foreigners come to Si Chuan and Chong Qing to have a taste of the local food, they miss the food when they go back their countries.
初中英语作文:中国菜ChineseCuisine
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【导语】英语是世界上最流行的语言,也是所有语言中使用最广泛的语言,学好英语有利于我们对外交流。
整理了初中英语作文,快来看看吧!希望能帮助到你~更多相关讯息请关注!【篇一】中国菜 Chinese CuisineFor most foreigners, their first impression about China is the food, they speak highly of Chinese cuisine. Many years ago, a documentary named A Bite of China was very popular. It introduced the special food from different areas of China. Everyone was watered when they were watching this documentary. It is known to all that China has 55 minorities, so different minorities have their own speciality, which make up of Chinese cuisine. Si Chuan food is famous for its spicy flavor and its hot pot is favored by all. Many foreigners come to Si Chuan and Chong Qing to have a taste of the local food, they miss the food when they go back their countries. 对于大多数外国人来说,他们对中国的第一印象是食物,他们赞扬中国菜。
许多年前,一部纪录片叫《舌尖上的中国》很受欢迎。
八年级英语作文带翻译:中国菜 Chinese Cuisine
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八年级英语作文带翻译:中国菜 Chinese CuisineFor most foreigners, their first impression about China isthe food, they speak highly of Chinese cuisine. Many years ago, a documentary named A Bite of China was very popular. It introduced the special food from different areas of China. Everyone was watered when they were watching this documentary. It is known to all that China has 55 minorities, so different minorities have their own speciality, which make up ofChinese cuisine. Si Chuan food is famous for its spicy flavor and its hot pot is favored by all. Many foreigners come to Si Chuan and Chong Qing to have a taste of the local food, they miss the food when they go back their countries.对于绝大部分外国人来说,他们对中国的第一印象是食物,他们赞扬中国菜。
很多年前,一部纪录片叫《舌尖上的中国》很受欢迎。
片子介绍了中国不同地区的特色食物。
每个人在看这部纪录片都留下了口水。
众所周知,中国有55个少数民族,所以不同的民族都有自己的特色,构成了中国菜。
四川的食物以辣闻名,火锅深受欢迎。
小议中国部分菜肴英译
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小议中国部分菜肴英译中国菜是世界著名的美食文化之一,不同地域、不同饮食习惯所产生的口味与做法千差万别,这也给翻译工作者带来了不小的挑战。
以下是个人对中国部分菜肴的英文翻译的小议。
1.鱼香肉丝(Yúxiāngròusī):这道菜以猪里脊肉为主要材料,加入泡发的木耳、胡萝卜丝、红椒丝等蔬菜,烹制出来的菜肴色泽鲜艳且具有香辣可口的味道。
英文翻译: Shredded Pork in Yu Xiang Style2.宫保鸡丁(Gōngbǎojīdīng):传统的川菜,用鸡肉、花生米、葱姜蒜等调味品烹制而成的一道美食,口感鲜香嫩滑,带有微微的甜辣味道。
3.蚂蚁上树(Mǎyǐshàngshù):这道菜来自于四川地区,以粉丝、猪肉末、豆瓣酱等调味品烹制而成,让人不禁联想到蚂蚁在粉丝上爬行的形象,口感较为麻辣。
4.红烧肉(Hóngshāoròu):红烧肉是中国家庭常见的一道菜肴,用猪五花肉制作,以糖、酱油、料酒等调味品烹制,口感酥烂香甜,是让人回味无穷的美食。
5.宫廷豆腐(Gōngtíngdòufu):这是一道清廷时期的传统菜肴,以豆腐和海参为主荤,配合鲍鱼、冬笋和香菇等各种食材烹制而成,口感细腻柔软,散发着浓郁的海鲜香气。
英文翻译:Imperial Tofu6.白切鸡(Báiqièjī):白切鸡是广东地区的传统名菜,烹制方法简单,用整只的鸡用开水煮熟、切块后撒上葱姜和盐,蘸上酱油即可食用,口感清淡鲜香。
英文翻译:White Cut Chicken总的来说,中国菜肴的英文翻译需要考虑材料、烹饪方法、口感特点等多个方面,同时也要注重表达的精准与准确性,希望能够为大家带来帮助。
对中国菜的了解英语作文
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对中国菜的了解英语作文Chinese cuisine is one of the most popular and diverse cuisines in the world. It is known for its rich flavors, unique cooking techniques, and use of fresh ingredients. As a Chinese person, I have a deep understanding and appreciation for the art of Chinese cooking.One of the most important aspects of Chinese cuisine is the concept of balance. Chinese chefs strive to create dishes that balance the five flavors: sweet, sour, bitter, spicy, and salty. This balance is achieved through the use of a variety of ingredients and cooking techniques. For example, a dish may be sweetened with sugar or honey, sour with vinegar or lemon juice, made bitter with herbs or spices, spiced up with chili peppers, or salted with soy sauce or salt.Another characteristic of Chinese cuisine is the use of fresh and seasonal ingredients. Chinese chefs believe that the quality of ingredients directly affects the taste ofthe dish. Therefore, they use only the freshest and most flavorful ingredients available. For example, in the summer, watermelon and cucumber are commonly used in salads andcold dishes, while in the winter, root vegetables like carrots and turnips are used in stews and soups.Chinese cuisine also has a long history and diverse regional variations. Each region in China has its ownunique cuisine, with different flavors, ingredients, and cooking techniques. For example, Sichuan cuisine is knownfor its spicy and flavorful dishes, while Cantonese cuisine is known for its light and delicate flavors.One of the most popular dishes in Chinese cuisine is dumplings. Dumplings are made by wrapping a filling of meat, vegetables, or both in a thin dough wrapper, and then steaming or boiling them. They are often served as a main course or as a snack.Another popular dish is hot pot. Hot pot is a communal dish that is cooked at the table. A pot of boiling broth is placed in the center of the table, and diners add rawingredients such as meat, seafood, and vegetables to thepot to cook. The cooked ingredients are then dipped in a variety of sauces before being eaten.In conclusion, Chinese cuisine is a rich and diverse culinary tradition that has evolved over thousands of years. It is characterized by its emphasis on balance, use offresh and seasonal ingredients, and regional variations. Whether you are a fan of spicy Sichuan cuisine or delicate Cantonese cuisine, there is something for everyone in Chinese cuisine.。
浅谈中国菜的英语翻译
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浅谈中国菜的英语翻译摘要:饮食艺术是一个国家文化内涵的重要组成部分,改革开放以来我国与世界各国各方面交流日益频繁,中国的饮食文化在全世界得到广泛传播。
特别是随着北京奥运会的召开,中国菜名的英译成为一项必要性和紧迫性的任务。
笔者分析中国菜名英文翻译现状、方法和优缺点,就此问题做初步探讨。
中图分类号:H159 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4117(2008)8-0000-01 一、中国菜名英译的必要性中国是个饮食大国,中国的菜肴品种繁多,名称也丰富多彩,无论是高档饭店的菜肴还是民间的小吃都充满了中国文化的内涵。
随着我国加入世界贸易组织和全球化的不断发展,中国菜已经成为越来越多国际友人了解中国的一个重要窗口,扮演着一个不可忽视的角色。
由于语言、文化背景等方面的差异限制了外国人对中国菜等饮食文化的了解与接受,中国饮食文化的进一步发扬光大受到了影响,因此,将中国菜译成外语特别是世界上使用范围最广的英语,让他们深入了解我国的饮食文化是大势所趋。
特别是2008年北京奥运会日益临近,大批来自世界各国的游客会来到中国,如何正确合理的翻译中国菜名,为世界各国的朋友提供更好的旅游服务,已经成为了目前一项迫在眉睫的任务。
二、中国菜名英译的现状中国菜闻名世界,吸引着各国众多的食客,所以很早就有人从事中国菜名的英文翻译工作,现在国内外中餐菜谱上的英译名有了很大的进步还很不规范,甚至比较混乱,尤其是翻译得标准不一,质量有好有坏,一道菜可能会出现多种译法。
例如:回锅肉,英文名有sliced pork doubly sauteed,twice - cooked pork,twice–cooked spicy pork slices,double sauteed (Sichuan style),Huiguo Rou等多种译法;宫爆鸡丁,有chicken with dried red pepper,grand duke’s chicken with peanuts,spicy diced chicken with peanuts , Kung Pao chicken,Gong Pao chicken 等译法;麻婆豆腐,有bean curd Szechan style,pork-marked grandma’s beancurd,Mapo’s bean curd,Mapo Dofu,Ma Tofu等译法;更有甚者,翻译不好还会导致笑话,如将“蚂蚁上树”翻译成“一堆在爬树的蚂蚁”,“驴打滚儿”翻译成“翻滚的毛驴”,“四喜丸子”翻译成“四个翻滚的肉团”,“童子鸡”翻译成“没有性生活的鸡”(Chicken Without Sexual Life)……诸如此类的翻译令人啼笑皆非。
中国菜的英语说法
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中国菜的英语说法Chinese cuisine, with its rich history and diverse flavors, has captivated the palatesof people around the world. From the fiery spices of Sichuan cuisine to the delicate flavors of Cantonese dishes, Chinese food offers a tantalizing array of options for every taste. Let's delve into the English names of some popular Chinese dishes and explore the cultural significance behind them.One of the most well-known Chinese dishes is Kung Pao Chicken. Originating from the Sichuan province, this dish features tender chicken stir-fried with peanuts, vegetables, and chili peppers. Its name pays homage to Ding Baozhen, a Qing Dynasty official whose title was Gongbao (宫保), hence the name Kung Pao. The combination of spicy, savory, and slightly sweet flavors makes it a favorite both in China and abroad.Peking Duck is another iconic Chinese dish that has gained international acclaim. Originating from Beijing, this dish features thin slices of roast duck served with pancakes, spring onions, and hoisin sauce. The name "Peking" refers to the old name for Beijing, reflecting the dish's roots in the imperial cuisine of the Qing Dynasty. Peking Duck is prized for its crispy skin and succulent meat, making it a must-try for any food enthusiast.Dim Sum encompasses a variety of small dishes served alongside tea, making it a popular choice for brunch or lunch in Chinese culture. Dim Sum translates to "touch the heart" in English, reflecting the care and precision that goes into crafting these bite-sized delicacies. From steamed dumplings and buns to fried snacks and desserts, Dim Sum offers a diverse array of flavors and textures to tantalize the taste buds.Hot Pot is a communal dining experience that involves cooking a variety of ingredients in a simmering pot of flavored broth. Originating from the city of Chongqing, Hot Pot has evolved into a beloved culinary tradition enjoyed across China. The name "Hot Pot" refers to the pot of boiling broth that sits in the center of the table, allowing diners to cook their ingredients to their desired level of doneness. With a wide range of meats, seafood, vegetables, and dipping sauces to choose from, Hot Pot is a customizable dining experience suitable for groups of all sizes.Mapo Tofu is a classic Sichuan dish known for its bold flavors and fiery spices. It features soft tofu cubes cooked in a spicy, aromatic sauce made with fermented black beans, chili paste, and ground pork. The name "Mapo" is derived from the pockmarked face of the woman who supposedly created the dish during the Qing Dynasty. Despite its humble origins, Mapo Tofu has become a beloved dish both in China and abroad, prized for its complex flavors and satisfying texture.In conclusion, Chinese cuisine offers a rich tapestry of flavors, textures, and cultural influences that continue to captivate food lovers around the world. Whether it's the numbing heat of Sichuan cuisine or the subtle elegance of Cantonese dishes, there's something for everyone to enjoy. By exploring the English names of popular Chinese dishes, we gain insight into the cultural heritage and culinary traditions that have shaped Chinese cuisine into what it is today. So why not embark on a culinary adventure and sample some of these delicious dishes for yourself?。
浅析中国菜菜名英文翻译的误译、滥译现象
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(全)中国菜英译
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中餐英译中国菜的分类Classifications of Chinese Cuisine1.八大菜系Eight Famous Cuisines鲁菜Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine)川菜Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine)粤菜Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine)闽菜Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine)苏菜Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine)浙菜Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine)湘菜Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine)徽菜Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine)2.菜品分类Types of Courses凉菜类Cold Dishes热菜类Hot Dishes汤羹粥煲类Soups, Congees and Casseroles主食和小吃Main Food and Snacks西餐Western Cuisine开胃菜(头盘及沙拉类)Appetizers and Salads汤类Soups副菜Entrées主菜Main Courses配菜Side Dishes甜点Desserts饮品Drinks一、酒精类饮品Alcoholic Beverages1.国酒Chinese Wines2.洋酒Imported Wines白兰地与威士忌Brandy and Whisky金酒与朗姆酒Gin and Rum伏特加与龙舌兰Vodka and Tequila利口酒和开胃酒Liqueurs and Aperitifs红酒Red Wine二、不含酒精类饮品Non-Alcoholic Beverages三、中国饮品文化Chinese Drinking Culture1. 中国茶文化Chinese Tea Culture2. 中国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture中国菜的英文名1.北京烤鸭roast Beijing duck2.辣子鸡丁saute diced chicken with hot peppers3.宫爆鸡丁saute diced chicken with peanuts4.红烧鲤鱼braised common carp5.茄汁虾仁saute fish slices with bamboo shoots6.涮羊肉instant boiled sliced mutton7.糖醋里脊pork fillets with sweet&sour sauce8.炒木须肉saute shredded pork with eggs&black fungus9.榨菜肉丝汤pork with Sichuan cabbage soup10.生炒肚片saute fish maw slices11.回锅肉saute pork in hot sauce12.糖醋排骨saute chops with sweet&sour sauce13.家常豆腐fride beancurd with sliced pork&pepper14.醋溜白菜saute cabbage&pepper in sweet&sour sauce15.鱼香茄子saute eggplant with fish flavor16 麻婆豆腐stwed beancurd with minced pork in pepper sauce17.韭菜炒蛋saute leek sprouts&eggsⅡ.面食与糕点Chinese Pastry&Cooked Wheaten Food1.肉/鸡丝汤面noodles in soup with pork/chicken2.担担面noodles with sesame paste&pea sprouts3.龙须面saute fine noodles with shredded chicken4.炒米线saute rice noodles with green bean sprouts5.杂酱面soy beans in minced meat&noodles6.酸辣汤面noodles in sour pungent soup7.排骨面soup noodles with pork rib8.阳春面noodles in superior soup9.凉拌面cool braised noodles10.肉包steamed meat dumpling11.豆沙包bean paste dumpling12.水晶包stuffde bread with lard&sugar13.叉烧包stuffed bread with roast pork14.水煎包lightly fried Chinese bread15.花卷twist16小笼包steamed small meat dumpling in basket17.馄饨ravioli;hun-tun18.大饼bannock19.油条twistde cruller20.豆腐脑beancurd jelly21.茶叶蛋egg boiled with salt&tea22.八宝饭steamed glutinous rice with eight treasures23.葱油饼green>24.黄桥烧饼crisp short cakes25.月饼moon cake26.酒酿sweet ferment rice27.麻花fried dough twist28.元宵rice glue ball【中式早点】烧饼Clay oven rolls油条Fried bread stick韭菜盒Fried leek dumplings水饺Boiled dumplings蒸饺Steamed dumplings馒头Steamed buns割包Steamed sandwich饭团Rice and vegetable roll蛋饼Egg cakes皮蛋100-year egg咸鸭蛋Salted duck egg豆浆Soybean milk稀饭Rice porridge白饭Plain white rice油饭Glutinous oil rice糯米饭Glutinous rice卤肉饭Braised pork rice蛋炒饭Fried rice with egg地瓜粥Sweet potato congee馄饨面Wonton &noodles刀削面Sliced noodles麻辣面Spicy hot noodles麻酱面Sesame paste noodles鸭肉面Duck with noodles鳝鱼面Eel noodles乌龙面Seafood noodles榨菜肉丝面Pork , pickled mustard green noodles 牡蛎细面Oyster thin noodles板条Flat noodles米粉Rice noodles炒米粉Fried rice noodles冬粉Green bean noodle鱼丸汤Fish ball soup贡丸汤Meat ball soup蛋花汤Egg &vegetable soup蛤蜊汤Clams soup牡蛎汤Oyster soup紫菜汤Seaweed soup酸辣汤Sweet &sour soup馄饨汤Wonton soup猪肠汤Pork intestine soup肉羹汤Pork thick soup鱿鱼汤Squid soup花枝羹Squid thick soup爱玉Vegetarian gelatin糖葫芦Tomatoes>长寿桃Longevity Peaches 芝麻球Glutinous rice sesame balls麻花Hemp flowers【点心】牡蛎煎Oyster omelet臭豆腐Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu)油豆腐Oily bean curd麻辣豆腐Spicy hot bean curd虾片Prawn cracker虾球Shrimp balls春卷Spring rolls蛋卷Chicken rolls碗糕Salty rice pudding筒仔米糕Rice tube pudding红豆糕Red bean cake绿豆糕Bean paste cake糯米糕Glutinous rice cakes萝卜糕Fried white radish patty芋头糕Taro cake肉圆Taiwanese Meatballs水晶饺Pyramid dumplings肉丸Rice-meat dumplings豆干Dried tofu【冰类】麦角冰Oatmeal ice地瓜冰Sweet potato ice红豆牛奶冰Red bean with milk ice 八宝冰Eight treasures ice豆花Tofu pudding【果汁】甘蔗汁Sugar cane juice酸梅汁Plum juice杨桃汁Star fruit juice青草茶Herb juice【其他】当归鸭Angelica duck槟榔Betel nut火锅Hot pot头盘餐前小品Appetizers1.各式刺身拼Sashimi Platter2.锅贴Pot Sticker3.辣汁脆炸鸡腿Fried Chicken Legs (Spicy Hot)4.鸡沙律Chicken Salad5.酥炸大虾Fried Prawns6.酥炸生豪Fried Oysters7.酥炸鲜鱿Fried Squid8.海哲分蹄Smoked Jelly Fish9.五香牛展Special Beef10.白云凤爪Chicken Leg11.琥珀合桃House Special Honey Walnuts12.脆皮春卷Spring Rolls13.蜜汁叉烧B.B.Q. Pork【汤羹类Soup】1.花胶鲍鱼火鸭丝羹Congee Pike Maw With Roast Duck2.红烧鸡丝翅Chicken Shark’s Fin Soup3.竹笙烩生翅Bamboo Shark Fin Soup4.粟米瑶柱羹Corn with Dry Scallops Soup5.竹笙海皇羹Bamboo Seafood Soup6.鸡蓉粟米羹Corn & Chicken Soup7.酸辣汤Hot & Sour Soup8.法国海鲜汤French Style Seafood Soup9.法国杂菜汤French Style Vegetable Soup10.杂锦云吞汤Combination Won Ton Soup11.芥菜肉片咸蛋汤Mustard Green Salted Egg Soup12.火鸭咸蛋芥菜汤Roast Duck Salt Egg / Mustard Green13.西葫牛肉羹West Lake Beef Soup14.三丝烩鱼肚Fish Soup15.蝴蝶海参羹Sea Cucumber Soup16.四宝豆腐羹Steam Tofu Soup【龙虾蟹类Seafood (Lobster, Shrimp, Crab】1.法式咖喱焗龙虾French Curry Lobster2.法式芝士牛油焗龙虾Cheese Lobster3.上汤焗龙虾Special Style Lobster4.蒜茸蒸龙虾Garlic Style Lobster5.豉椒炒肉蟹Crab6.上汤姜葱焗蟹Green Onion Crab7.椒盐蟹Spicy Salt Crab8.粉丝咖喱蟹煲Rice Noodle Curry Crab【虾鲜鱿贝类Seafood】1.菜远虾球Shrimp with Tender Green2.白灼中虾Boil Shrimp3.点桃虾球Walnut Shrimp4.油泡虾球Crystal Prawn5.柠檬虾球Lemon Prawn6.咕噜虾Sweet & Sour Prawn7.蒜茸蒸虾Steam Prawn w/ Garlic Sauce8.四川虾球Szechuan Shrimp9.豆瓣酱鲜鱿Fresh Squid10.虾龙糊Shrimp w/ Lobster Sauce11.韭王象拔蚌Gold Chive Geoduck12.韭王花枝片Gold Chive Squid13.椒盐鲜鱿Pepper Salt Fresh Squid14.豉汁炒三鲜Mixed Seafood w/ Black Bean Sauce15.马拉盏炒鲜鱿Special Fresh Squid16.碧绿炒带子Tender Green Scallop17.双菇鲜带子Mushroom Fresh Scallop18.豉汁炒大蚬Clam w/ Black Bean Sauce19.姜葱生豪Oyster w/ Ginger, Green Onion20.豉汁炒青口Mussel w/ Black Bean Sauce21.豉汁豆腐蒸带子Tofu Scallop w/ Black Bean Sauce【海鲜鱼类Seafood (Fish)】1.清蒸游水石斑Steam Live Rock Cod2.清蒸蒜茸带子Steamd Scallop w/ Garlic Sauce3.豉汁煎焗塘虱Catfish w/ Black Bean Sauce4.清蒸龙利Flounder5.清蒸海鲈Fomfret6.蒸金钱片塘虱Steam Catfish7.辣汁串烧鱼B & Q Fish Stick w/ Hot Sauce8.西兰炒雪鱼球Pan Fried Snow Fish w/ Green9.菜远石斑球Tender Green Rock Cod10.豉汁石斑球Steam Rock Cod w/ Black Bean Sauce11.油泡石斑球Crystal Rock Cod12.川味石斑球Szechuan Rock Cod13.骨香石斑球Fried Rock Cod Bone14.咕噜石斑球Sweet & Sour Rock Cod15.鱼腐扒菜胆Yu Fu w/ Vegetable【鸡鸭鸽Poultry】1.脆皮炸子鸡(半)Fried Chicken (Half)2.红烧石岐项鸽Roast Pigeon3.豉油皇乳鸽Pigeon w/ Soy Sauce4.姜葱油淋鸡(半)Green Onion Chicken (Half)5.北京片皮鸭Peking Duck6.酸甜明炉烧鸭(半)Roast Duck (Half)7.柠檬鸡球Lemon Chicken8.西芹腰果鸡球Vegetable Cashew Chicken9.咖喱鸡Curry Chicken10.豉汁炒鸡球Chicken w/ Black Bean Sauce11.四川炒鸡球Szechuan Chicken12.菜远鸡球Chicken w/ Tender Green13.宫保鸡球Kung Pao Chicken14.豉汁黄毛鸡(半)Chicken w/ Soy Sauce15.咕噜鸡Sweet & Sour Chicken16.八珍发菜扒鸭(半)Combination Duck (Half)17.子罗炒鸡片Ginger & Pineapple Chicken18.游龙戏凤Chicken, Shrimp, Squid w/ Mixed Vegetable19.龙凤琵琶豆腐Egg, Chicken, Shrimp, Steam Tofu【猪牛肉类Meat】1.酸甜咕噜肉Sweet & Sour Pork2.菜远炒排骨Spareribs w/ Tender Green3.豉椒排骨Spareribs w/ Black Bean Sauce4.凉瓜炆排骨Bitty Melon Spareribs5.京都骨Peking Spareribs6.椒盐排骨Pepper Salt Spareribs7.豉椒焖排骨Spareribs w/ Black Bean, Pepper8.菜远炒牛肉Broccoli Beef9.凉瓜炒牛肉Bitty Melon Beef10.黑椒牛仔骨Black Pepper Short Rib11.椒盐牛仔骨Pepper Salt Short Rib12.中式牛柳Chinese Style Beef13.四川牛肉Szechuan Beef14.干扁牛柳丝String Beef15.柠檬牛肉Lemon beef16.麻婆豆腐Mar-Boh Tofu【煲仔类Clay Pot Style】1.北菇海参煲Mushroom Sea Cucumber Duck Feet2.诸诸滑鸡煲Chicken Clay Pot3.鸡粒咸鱼茄子煲Salt Fish Chicken Egg Plant Clay Pot4.粉丝虾米杂菜煲Rice Noodle Vegetables Clay Pot5.罗白牛腩煲Beef Stew w/ Turnip Clay Pot6.支竹羊腩煲Dry Tofu Lamb Clay Pot7.火腩生豪煲Roast Pig Oyster Clay Pot【素菜类Vegetarian】1.豪油冬菇Oyster Sauce Mushroom2.什笙上素Bamboo Vegetable3.红烧豆腐Fried Tofu4.炒素丁Vegetable Roll5.罗汉腐皮卷Vegetable Egg Roll6.素咕噜肉Vegetarian Sweet and Sour7.蒸山水豆腐Steam T ofu8.鲜菇扒菜胆Mushroom Tender Green9.炒杂菜Mixed Green Tender10.清炒芥兰Chinese Green Tender11.盐水菜心Salt Green Tender12.干扁四季豆String Bean Western Style13.上汤芥菜胆Mustard Green Tender【炒粉、面、饭Rice Plate】1.龙虾干烧伊面Lobster Teriyaki Noodle2.上汤龙虾捞面Lobster Noodle3.杨州炒饭Yang Chow Fried Rice4.虾仁炒饭Shrimp Fried Rice5.咸鱼鸡粒炒饭Salted Egg Chicken Fried Rice6.蕃茄牛肉炒饭Tomato w/ Beef Fried Rice7.厨师炒饭House Fried Rice8.生菜丝炒牛肉饭Beef Fried Rice w/ Lettuce9.招牌炒面House Chow Mein10.鸡球炒/煎面Chicken Chow Mein11.蕃茄牛肉炒面Tomato Beef Chow Mein12.海鲜炒/煎面Seafood Chow Mein13.虾子姜葱捞面Ginger Green Onion Noodle14.干烧伊面Teriyaki Noodle15.鸡丝上汤窝面Chicken Noodle Soup16.菜远炒牛河Vegetable Beef Chow Fun17.豉椒排骨炒河Sparerib w/ Black Bean Chow Fun18.星洲炒米粉Singapore Noodle (Hot Spice)19.鸳鸯馒头Shanghai Buns (12)20.上汤水饺Dumpling Soup21.上汤云吞Won Ton soup22.丝苗白饭Steam Rice【甜品Dessert】1.雪哈红莲Bird Nest Red Bean Soup2.椰汁炖雪哈Coconut Bird Nest3.玫瑰红豆沙Red Bean Soup4.椰汁西米露Coconut Tapioca5.百年好合Red Bean Fresh Lily Bulb【厨师精选】1.酸甜咕噜肉Sweet & Sour Pork2.京都骨Peking Spareribs3.豉椒排骨Sparerbis w/ Black Bean Sauce4.凉瓜排骨Bitter Melon Spareribs5.菜远炒排骨Spareribs w/ Tender Green6.菜远炒牛肉Beef w/ Tender Green7.豉椒炒牛肉Green Pepper Beef w/ Black Bean Sauce8.柠檬牛肉Lemon Beef9.四川牛肉Szechuan Beef10.辣汁炸鸡腿Fried Chicken Leg w/ Hot Sauce11.柠檬鸡球Lemon Chicken12.杂菜鸡球Chicken w/ Mixed Vegetable13.豉椒炒鸡球Chicken w/ Black Sauce14.四川炒鸡球Szechuan Chicken15.咖喱鸡球Curry Chicken16.菜远炒鸡球Chicken w/ Tender Green17.宫保鸡球Kung Pao Chicken18.腰果鸡球Cashew Chicken19.酸甜咕噜鱼Sweet & Sour Fish20.酸甜咕噜虾Sweet & Sour Shrimp21.柠檬炒虾球Lemon Shrimp22.菜远炒虾球Shrimp w/ Vegetable23.四川炒虾球Szechuan Shrimp24.四川炒鲜鱿Szechuan Squid25.豉椒炒鱿Squid w/ Black Bean Sauce26.红烧豆腐Fried Tofu w/ Tender Green27.炒杂菜Mixed Vegetable【特价小菜】1.豆腐虾Tofu & Shrimps2.白灼虾Boiled Prawns3.椒盐虾Spicy Slat Prawns4.豉椒虾Black Bean Sauce Prawns5.滑蛋虾Prawns with Eggs6.油泡虾Crystal Prawns7.时菜虾Vegetable Prawns8.四川虾Szechuan Prawns9.茄汁虾Prawns with Ketchup10.豉汁炒蚬Clams Black Bean Sauce11.时菜斑球Vegetable Rock Cod12.豉汁斑球Black Bean Sauce Rock Cod13.椒盐龙利球Pepper Salt Fried Flounder14.香煎鲫鱼Pan Fried Fish15.时菜鲜鱿Vegetable & Squid16.椒盐鲜鱿Salt and Pepper Squid17.豉椒鲜鱿Black Bean Sauce Squid18.酥炸鲜鱿Deep Fried Squid19.四川鸡Szechuan Chicken20.宫保鸡Kung Pao Chicken21.当红炸子鸡Crispy Fried Chicken22.柠檬鸡Lemon Chicken23.腰果鸡Cashew Nuts Chicken24.甜酸鸡Sweet & Sour Chicken25.时菜鸡Vegetable & Chicken26.咖喱鸡Curry Chicken27.豉椒鸡Black Bean Sauce Chicken28.京都上肉排Peking Spareribs29.椒盐肉排Pepper Salt Fried Spareribs30.梅菜扣肉Preserved Vegetable & Pork31.豉汁排骨Black Bean Sauce Spareribs32.时菜排骨Vegetable & Spareribs33.蜜汁叉烧B.B.Q. Pork34.炸菜牛肉Pickled with Beef35.蒙古牛肉Mongolian Beef36.姜葱牛肉Ginger & Green Onion Beef37.豪油牛肉Oyster Sauce Beef38.时菜牛肉Vegetable & Beef39.豆腐牛肉Tofu and Beef40.四川牛肉Szechuan Beef41.柠檬牛肉Lemon Beef42.椒盐牛仔骨Pepper Salted Fried Beef Ribs43.火腩塘虱煲Roasted Pork & Catfish Clay Pot44.东江豆腐煲Tofu in Clay Pot45.海鲜煲Seafood in Clay Pot46.八珍煲Assorted Meat in Clay Pot47.柱侯牛腩煲Stew Beef Basket48.鱼香茄子煲Eggplant in Clay Pot49.虾米粉丝煲Dried Shrimp & Noodle in Clay Pot50.咸鱼鸡豆腐煲Salted Fish & Chicken Tofu in Clay Pot51.蒸山水豆腐Steamed Tofu52.红烧豆腐Braised T ofu53.麻婆豆腐Bean Sauce Tofu54.干烧四季豆Braised Green Bean55.鱼香茄子Braised Egg plant56.蒜茸豆苗Garlic Pea Greens57.豉汁凉瓜black Bean Sauce & Bitter Melon58.上汤芥菜胆Mustard Green59.北菇扒菜胆Mushroom & Vegetable60.清炒时菜Sautéed Vegetable61.蒜茸芥兰Garlic & Broccoli62.豪油芥兰Oyster Sauce Broccoli63.豪油北菇Oyster Sauce Mushrooms64.炒什菜Sautéed Assorted Vegetable。
谈谈中国菜英语作文
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谈谈中国菜英语作文Chinese cuisine, with its rich history, diverse flavors, and intricate techniques, is renowned worldwide for its depth and complexity. It is not merely about eating; it's an embodiment of culture, tradition, and artistry that varies greatly from region to region. From the spicy Sichuan dishes to the delicate Cantonese cuisine, every province in China boasts its unique culinary identity.One of the key characteristics of Chinese cooking is the harmonious balance of flavors: sour, sweet, bitter, spicy, and salty. This philosophy is encapsulated in the concept of fan (staple food, typically rice or noodles) and cai (dishes accompanying the staple). A typical Chinese meal often includes a variety of dishes, ensuring a balanced intake of nutrients and a delightful mix of tastes.Take dumplings, or Jiaozi, as an example. Thesedelicious pockets of dough filled with meat, vegetables, or a combination of both, symbolize wealth and aretraditionally eaten during the Lunar New Year. They represent not only the skillful blend of flavors but also the unity and warmth of family gatherings.Another iconic dish, Kung Pao Chicken, hailing from Sichuan province, showcases the bold use of spices, particularly Sichuan peppercorns and chili peppers, creating a numbing yet addictive sensation known as "ma la." It's a perfect illustration of how Chinese cuisine can ignite the senses with just the right balance of heat and flavor.Moreover, Chinese cooking emphasizes freshness and the quality of ingredients. Seasonal produce plays a pivotal role, with dishes changing to incorporate the best of what nature has to offer at any given time. This respect for ingredients reflects a deep connection with nature and the belief in the healing properties of food, a cornerstone of traditional Chinese medicine.In conclusion, Chinese cuisine is a fascinating journey through a myriad of flavors, textures, and colors, each dish telling a story of its origin and the people who have perfected it over centuries. It is a testament to the ingenuity and culinary wisdom of the Chinese people, inviting the world to savor not just the food, but also the rich cultural heritage it represents.---中国菜以其悠久的历史、多样的风味和复杂的技法闻名于世,不仅是关于饮食,更是文化、传统与艺术的体现,各地菜系各具特色。
中国文化英文之中国菜
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中国文化英文之中国菜Chinese Culture: Chinese CuisineChinese cuisine is an essential part of Chinese culture, with a history dating back thousands of years. The diversity and rich flavors of Chinese food have captivated people around the world, making it one of the most popular international cuisines. In this article, we will explore the significance of Chinese cuisine in Chinese culture, as well as the key elements that make it unique.Origins and HistoryChinese cuisine has a long and intricate history that reflects the country's diverse cultural influences and regional differences. The origins of Chinese food can be traced back to ancient times, with cooking techniques and traditions passed down from generation to generation. Each region of China has its own culinary specialties, ingredients, and flavors, resulting in a wide variety of dishes that cater to different tastes and preferences.Key Ingredients and FlavorsOne of the defining features of Chinese cuisine is the use of fresh ingredients and bold flavors. Common ingredients include rice, noodles, soy sauce, ginger, garlic, and a variety of herbs and spices. Chinese cooking often involves a balance of sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami flavors, creating a harmonious and satisfying taste experience.Regional CuisineChina is a vast country with diverse landscapes, climates, and ethnic groups, resulting in a wide range of regional cuisines. Some of the most well-known regional cuisines include Sichuan, Cantonese, Hunan, and Shandong cuisine. Each region has its own unique cooking styles, ingredients, and flavors, reflecting the local culture and traditions.Culinary TraditionsChinese cuisine is deeply rooted in culinary traditions that have been passed down for centuries. From elaborate banquets and family feasts to street food and tea ceremonies, Chinese food plays a central role in social gatherings, festivals, and celebrations. Food is seen as a way to nourish the body and soul, as well as a means of expressing hospitality and respect for guests.Influence on Global CuisineOver the centuries, Chinese cuisine has had a profound influence on global cuisine, with Chinese restaurants and dishes found in almost every corner of the world. The popularity of Chinese food can be attributed to its delicious flavors, diverse ingredients, and the artful presentation of dishes. Chinese culinary techniques such as stir-frying, steaming, and braising have become staples in kitchens worldwide.Preservation and InnovationWhile traditional Chinese cuisine remains highly valued and respected, modern chefs and food enthusiasts are also experimenting with new ingredients, flavors, and cooking methods. Fusion cuisine, farm-to-table dining, and gourmet street food are just a few examples of how Chinesecuisine is evolving and adapting to changing tastes and trends. However, the emphasis on fresh, seasonal ingredients and the importance of balance and harmony in flavors remain at the core of Chinese culinary traditions.Concluding RemarksIn conclusion, Chinese cuisine is a vibrant and integral part of Chinese culture, showcasing the country's rich history, diverse regions, and culinary traditions. With its wide variety of flavors, ingredients, and cooking styles, Chinese food continues to captivate people around the world and inspire new culinary innovations. Whether you are savoring a spicy Sichuan hotpot, a delicate Cantonese dim sum, or a hearty bowl of noodles from northern China, each dish offers a unique and unforgettable taste of Chinese culture.。
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浅谈中国菜的英语翻译
摘要:饮食艺术是一个国家文化内涵的重要组成部分,改革开放以来我国与世界各国各方面交流日益频繁,中国的饮食文化在全世界得到广泛传播。
特别是随着北京奥运会的召开,中国菜名的英译成为一项必要性和紧迫性的任务。
笔者分析中国菜名英文翻译现状、方法和优缺点,就此问题做初步探讨。
中图分类号:H159 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4117(2008)8-0000-01 一、中国菜名英译的必要性
中国是个饮食大国,中国的菜肴品种繁多,名称也丰富多彩,无论是高档饭店的菜肴还是民间的小吃都充满了中国文化的内涵。
随着我国加入世界贸易组织和全球化的不断发展,中国菜已经成为越来越多国际友人了解中国的一个重要窗口,扮演着一个不可忽视的角色。
由于语言、文化背景等方面的差异限制了外国人对中国菜等饮食文化的了解与接受,中国饮食文化的进一步发扬光大受到了影响,因此,将中国菜译成外语特别是世界上使用范围最广的英语,让他们深入了解我国的饮食文化是大势所趋。
特别是2008年北京奥运会日益临近,大批来自世界各国的游客会来到中国,如何正确合理的翻译中国菜名,为世界各国的朋友提供更好的旅游服务,已经成为了目前一项迫在眉睫的任务。
二、中国菜名英译的现状
中国菜闻名世界,吸引着各国众多的食客,所以很早就有人从事中国菜名的英文翻译工作,现在国内外中餐菜谱上的英译名有了很大的进步还很不规范,甚至比较混乱,尤其是翻译得标准不一,质量有好有坏,一道菜可能会出现多种译法。
例如:回锅肉,英文名有sliced pork doubly sauteed,twice - cooked pork,twice–cooked spicy pork slices,double sauteed (Sichuan style),Huiguo Rou等多种译法;宫爆
鸡丁,有chicken with dried red pepper,grand duke’s chicken with peanuts,spicy diced chicken with peanuts , Kung Pao chicken,Gong Pao chicken 等译法;麻婆豆腐,有bean curd Szechan style,pork-marked grandma’s beancurd,Mapo’s bean curd,Mapo Dofu,Ma Tofu等译法;更有甚者,翻译不好还会导致笑话,如将“蚂蚁上树”翻译成“一堆在爬树的蚂蚁”,“驴打滚儿”翻译成“翻滚的毛驴”,“四喜丸子”翻译成“四个翻滚的肉团”,“童子鸡”翻译成“没有性生活的鸡”(Chicken Without Sexual Life)……诸如此类的翻译令人啼笑皆非。
从上述中国菜的英译名,可以看出目前中国菜的翻译有以下几种常用方法:
1、直译法。
此类译法忠于原文,比较直观,容易理解,但由于文化差异,有时会引起一些外国人的疑问。
2、意译法。
此类译法比直译法解释得清楚,但容易译得冗长或平淡无奇。
3、混译(或兼译)法。
此类译法虽可避免冗长毛病,但有时使外国人困惑。
如“麻婆豆腐”中的Mapo,“宫爆鸡丁”中的Gong bao。
4、音译法(即以汉语拼音代替英文进入菜谱)。
此类译法虽最为省事,但外国人看不懂,中国人也不一定都懂。
因此以上几种译法虽各有其合理的地方,但也都存在着弊端。
中国菜肴名称的翻译难,其原因大致有三:一是中国人无所不吃,很多东西在中国厨师的手下都能制成可口的佳肴。
而且有些食物是中国特有而国外没有的,例如中国餐桌上最常见的“大白菜”我们一般就译成“Chinese cabbage”而“小白菜”家家餐馆都不把它译成“pakchoi”,而是直接按中文的发音读成“xiao bai cai”,老外也都很高兴接受。
二是中国菜讲究五味调和,刀工技艺,烹饪技法等都能体现在菜肴名称中。
在中国的厨艺行业中流行“七分墩,三分灶”的说法,就是说厨师的七分工夫在菜墩上,其余的三分工夫在烹饪技法上。
由此看来,菜的味道确实与原料的刀法处理有关。
有些宜切成片状,有的则宜切成丝状,如葱丝、姜丝等。
而西方菜肴就不大讲究刀工,因此,西方菜名很少有体现刀工的用词。
所以说,如肉丝、肉片、鸡丁这样的中国菜名就不能简
单地译成pork、chicken。
英语中能表达中国厨师刀工的词汇有:shred,dice,slice,mince,segment。
这些词既可以变成形容词形式置于原料名词前作定语,也可以不变词形,置于原料名词后。
如:shredded pork或pork shred。
中国的烹饪技法非常丰富,煎、炒、烹、炸、烧、烩、蒸、扒、煮、氽、熏、溜、炝、酱、腌、卤、烤等不一而足。
根据不同的原料采用不同的烹饪方法可以做成不同口味的菜肴。
由于中国的烹饪术这么发达,要在英语中找到一一对应的词确实是件棘手的事情。
无奈之下,我们只好找出下列一些大致对应的词来翻译:roast,braise,stew,boil,steam,sauté,smoke,fry,pickle,salt,simmer。
三是中国人给菜肴命名大都追求风雅。
有时人们给一道菜命名时关注的倒不是菜的原材料,而是这道菜所隐含的历史和文化。
可以说在中国饮食文化里,一道菜就有一个故事。
尤其是在高档餐馆或正式一点的宴会上,面对菜单上满目的风雅菜名,真不知该菜实为何物。
面对这种情况,我们翻译菜名时有两种选择:要么按西方实名制的习惯翻译中国菜名;要么采用直译的方法译中国菜名。
由于中国厨师厨艺高超,有些原料入菜后确实让人难以辨认,这时用实名制的办法翻译实用性强,而直译也别有一番风味,体现出浓郁的中国韵味。
如金玉满堂(Assorted Barbecued Meat platter with Portion of Suckling Pig or Crispy Barbecued Suckling Pig);锦绣丝苗(Yangzhou Stired Fried Rice );鸿运团圆(Red Bean Ball with Lotus Seeds;全家福(Mixed M eat & Vegetables);年年有鱼(Whole Fish);龙风呈样(Phoenixes & Dragons Dancing);鸳鸯戏水(Mandarin Ducks Playing in Water)等。
三、如何翻译好中国菜名的几点建议
根据德国学者克利斯蒂安·诺德提出的“功能+忠实”为中心的翻译功能理论,现在对中国菜的翻译方法很多如写实型-直译法,写意型-“意译为主,直译为辅”法,半写意半写实型-“直译+意译”法,音译法,以及典故型-“直(意)译+解释性翻译”法,但关键是在翻译实践中如何选择翻译法和中国菜英译名的统一。
笔者认为在中国菜的翻译过程中应该遵循以下原则:
1、实用性。
菜名是就餐者点菜的依据,从菜名上尽量要体现出菜肴的食材是什么,这样才不会误导就餐者。
2、文化性。
中国菜肴博大精深又蕴涵了丰富的中国文化,所以在译名中尽量体现出文化特色和烹饪技法。
3、时代性。
随着时代的发展,菜名作为一种语言也在不断的进化和改变,并且随着中餐越来越多的走进外国人的生活中,青年人对词语的敏感性和良好的接受性,必将是中国菜菜名的音译名更多的被外国人所接受和喜爱。
4、规范性。
对中国菜随意乱定英文名称会造成对中国名菜的形象、内涵和声誉的不必要的损失,实行中餐菜谱英译名的规范化,使原信息能在英语翻译中得到准备无误的传达,有助于更好的弘扬我国的饮食文化。
中国的菜肴名称不只是一种简单的语言符号,可以说大部分菜名都包囊着丰富的文化信息。
没有对中国饮食文化的深入了解就无法准确地把中国菜肴名称转译成英文。
在导游翻译及其它外事接待工作中,与外国友人聚餐是常有的活动,如何利用这样的机会宣传中国的饮食文化,加深友谊是我们每个涉外工作者应该认真对待的一件事情。
菜肴名称的翻译只是众多翻译话题中的一个方面,需要在实践中不断摸索,不断验证。
本文只是就中国菜肴名称的英译所做的一点初步探讨,希望对导游翻译及外事接待有所裨益。
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