语法 高考英语“ 代词 ”考点一遍过,超全考点梳理+易错点拨!
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代词分为九类:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的作用。
1. 人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表:
2. 物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。请看下表
3. 反身代词可见下表
指示代词有:this, that, these, those
疑问代词有:who, whom whose, what, which,
还有疑问副词:when, how, where, why。
不定代词主要有:some, any, many, much, each, neither, other, another, all, both, one, none, either…
1. 物主代词的用法
形容词性物主代词:作定语,相当形容词,不能单独使用,后面必须加名词;
名词性物主代词:不作定语,相当名词词组,可单独使用,后面不须加名词。如:Here is my sister. Her name is Jenny.(形容词性物主代词)
Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)
2. 反身代词的用法
teach oneself 自学
speak/say to oneself 自言自语
by oneself独自地
help oneself to 随便吃……
enjoy oneself 玩得开心
make yourself at home 请自便
3. 指示代词的用法: 主要有四个,即this, that, these 和those
1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:单数复数
限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.
代词:This is Mary.Those are my teachers.
♣1, 为避免重复,可用that 和those 代替前面提到的名词。如:
The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)
My seat is next to that of the mayor.
我的座位在市长座位旁边。
♣2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用this 或that,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用this .如:——She is a beautiful girl.
——Who said that?
I want to know this: Is she beautiful?
♣3. 在打电话时,通常用this 指自己,用that指对方:
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?
4. 疑问代词的用法
疑问代词:who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句。
注意:1. what与which的用法区别:当选择的范围较明确时,用which;当选择的范围不明确时,用what。如:Which color do you like, red, black or white?
红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?
What color is your car?
你的汽车是什么颜色的?
5. 不定代词的用法
1)定义:不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
2)种类
英语中不定代词有:
some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),
any(anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere),no(nothing,nobody,no one),
every(everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere),all,each,both,much,many,(a) little,(a) few,other(s),another,none,one,either,neither等。
♣1. some和any的比较
不定代词some,any都是“一些”的意思,都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。
some一般用于肯定句中;
any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中.
♣注意:在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用some 而不用any。
如:Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?
一、人称代词
1.人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语、表语用宾格,但应注意以下四种情况:
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。
—Susan,go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why me?John is sitting there doing nothing.
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时,与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一致。The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格,故用he替代)
They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格,故用her替代)
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格,但在强调句型中,被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如:He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别:
I like Jack as much as her.=I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.=I like Jack and she likes him,too.
2.两个以上的人称代词并列,其次序排列原则:
在并列主语中,"I"总是放在最后,排列顺序为:二三一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
You,she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
1.(2018·新课标卷II·短文改错)As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】句意:他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词,是对“我”说,前面提到的I,而不是we。故把us改为me。
2. (2018·新课标卷III·语法填空)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive.
【答案】them