英汉语言对比练习答案2
新英汉翻译教程 第三章.英汉语言对比答案
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小节结束
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3. 1. 3 英语爱用静态词,汉语常用动态词
英语喜欢使用静态词汇,而汉语则 多使用动态词汇,英译汉时常常把原文 中表示动作意义的静态叙述转换成汉语 的动态叙述。
第 三 章 重 点
3. 2 英汉词汇表达对比
3.2.1 英语词汇含义多 3.2.2 英语词汇搭配多 3.2.3 英语词汇在句中的位置多
课堂互动2
3. 3 英汉句法结构对比
3.3.1 英汉句子结构的互换 A. 英语简单句可转换成汉语复合句 B. 英语并列句、复合句可转换成汉语简单句 3.3.2 英汉句子顺序的调整 A.调整时间顺序 B.调整空间顺序 课堂互动3 C.调整逻辑顺序
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例1:Inspiration is the number one cause of greatness. If information is power, then inspiration must be the power of our potential. The power that moves us from the systematic to the spontaneous. From ideas to results.
【译文】这时候,他从烤架上拿了些羊肉,庄重地送 到我们面前,我们各自取了一些,可是我们早已 没有了胃口,只不过做做样子,装吃罢了。
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例2:Harvard Business School opened in the early 20th century, and pioneered the casestudy method of teaching—making use of real-world scenarios, instead of relying on academic theory—a methodology that has remained the bases for many MBA programmes around the world today.
英汉互译英汉语言对比练习2
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英语语言对比练习分析句子内部结构和关系,翻译时注意母语的迁移现象:1. 人到齐就开会。
2.不要人云亦云。
3. 帐单撕碎了。
4. 问题解决了。
5.你再说一个字,我马上走6. 你死了,我去当和尚。
7. 人在阵地在。
8. 人无远虑,必有近忧。
9. 病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。
10. 我来他已去。
11. 他人老心不老。
12. He wore dark glasses, and thick jersey, and stopped up his ears with cotton wool.13. Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food and beer.14. But his attack was always repulsed击退by a kick or blow from a stick.15. Kino hurrying towards to his house, felt a surge of exhilaration.分析观察汉语的句式并翻译:1. 他决定去拉车,/就拉车去了。
/赁了辆破车,/他先练练腿。
/第一天没拉着什么钱。
/第二天的生意不错,/可是躺了两天,/他的脚脖子肿得像两条瓠子似的,/再也抬不起来。
2. 原来这婆娘自从药死武大,/哪那里肯带孝,/每日只是浓妆艳抹,/和西门庆作一处取乐。
/听得武松叫声“武二归来了”,/慌忙去面盆里洗落了脂粉,/剥去了首饰钗环,/蓬松挽了个髻,/脱去了红裙绣袄,/旋穿上孝群孝衫,/便从楼上哽哽咽咽假哭下来。
//3. 武松沉吟了半晌,/便出门去,/径投县里来;/开了锁,/去房里换了一身素净衣服,/便叫士兵打了一条麻绦,/系在腰里;/身边藏了一把尖长柄短背厚刃薄的解腕刀,/取了些银两带在身边。
翻译时注意英汉两种语言之间修饰语的差异:•姑娘•北京姑娘•漂亮的北京姑娘•年轻漂亮的北京姑娘•身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘•两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘•正看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘正面带笑容看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘翻译下面句子,注意英汉两种语言形合与意合的差异:5.All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.6.When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.7. It has been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would close their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.8. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.9. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.10. Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.11. The present onslaught猛攻/猛击of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.12.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.13.They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma耻辱/瑕疵that they had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.14. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly可怕whimsical荒谬than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, cl ose at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?15. There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.1.说是说了,没有结果。
英汉对比单元测试题及答案
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英汉对比单元测试题及答案一、选择题(每题2分,共20分)1. 在英语中,“book”一词的意思是:A. 书B. 笔C. 桌子D. 椅子答案:A2. 英语中的“happy”和汉语中的“快乐”在意义上:A. 完全不同B. 部分相似C. 完全相同D. 部分相反答案:C3. 汉语中的“苹果”在英语中对应的词是:A. appleB. orangeC. bananaD. grape答案:A4. 英语中的“she”指的是:A. 他B. 她C. 它D. 他们答案:B5. 以下哪个词组在英语和汉语中意义相同?A. 看医生B. 看门狗C. 看电影D. 看风景答案:C二、填空题(每空1分,共10分)6. 英语中的“family”在汉语中通常翻译为_。
答案:家庭7. 汉语中的“学习”在英语中可以翻译为_。
答案:study 或 learn8. 英语中的“thank you”在汉语中通常翻译为_。
答案:谢谢9. 汉语中的“老师”在英语中对应的词是_。
答案:teacher10. 英语中的“good morning”在汉语中翻译为_。
答案:早上好三、翻译题(每题5分,共30分)11. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语:- "What's your name?"答案:你叫什么名字?12. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语:- 我喜欢吃苹果。
答案:I like eating apples.13. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语:- "Where are you going?"答案:你要去哪里?14. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语:- 她是一名医生。
答案:She is a doctor.四、简答题(每题5分,共20分)15. 英语和汉语在语法结构上有哪些主要差异?答案:英语和汉语在语法结构上的主要差异包括:英语使用主谓宾结构,而汉语则更倾向于主谓宾或主宾谓;英语中动词时态和语态的变化较为复杂,汉语则通过时间词和上下文来表达;英语中有明确的冠词使用规则,而汉语中则没有冠词。
英汉对比总题库
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英汉对比一、填空题(10/5)1、下列诗句中填空处是那种花?深处种菱浅种稻,不深不浅种( );黄鹤楼中吹玉笛,江城五月落()。
荷花;梅花2、我国十大名花:梅花、牡丹、菊花、()、月季花、()、山茶、荷花、水仙、桂花。
兰花;杜鹃3、加拿大的枫糖节英文翻译:( )Maple Sugar Festival4、在圣经中苹果象征()和()。
诱惑;原罪5、我国的国花:()并写出相关花的诗句()梅花;宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来二、英汉短语互译(20/5)有关动物的习语1、a cock-and-bull story( )形容荒诞的故事2、horse sense( )常识3、horse apple( )废话4、a snake in one’s bosom( )恩将仇报的人5、as blind as a bat( )有眼无珠委婉语屠户( )meat technologist贫民区()substandard housing窃听()intelligence gathering暗杀()liquidation穷人()the underprivileged三、英汉互译句子(40/8)(用名词代替动词)1、我认识的人中她最会记仇了。
She is the best hater I’ve ever known.2、他能吃能睡。
He is a good eater and a good sleeper.(当不便使用被动式时,汉语中可采用某些转化式来表达被动意义)3、These questions should not be confused.不要把这些问题混在一起。
4、She is intoxicated by sweet words.她被花言巧语所陶醉。
(当然被动句)5、昨晚我盖了两条被子。
Last night I was covered up with two quilts.6、Two persons rode one horse.一匹马骑两个人。
英汉语言对比练习答案2
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1.翻译下列句子,注意调整语序1)A reader’s perception of the loose, slangy, colloquial, shirt-sleeved quality of much modern prose will be sharpened if he has experienced the conscious elegance of eighteenth-century writers and the solemn lecture-hall pronouncements of the Victorians. (按照逻辑顺序译)【译文】如果一位读者读过18世纪作家的作品,体会到其刻意追求典雅的语言风格,又读过维多利亚女王时代的人在演讲大厅上所作的庄严的发言,他定能更深刻地理解很多现代散文作品那种结构松散、口语色彩浓、好用俚语、不拘形式的语言风格。
2)He felt a qualm in his stomach, and it was more in memory of his own loneliness than anticipation of hers.(按照信息中心译)【译文】他感到一阵心酸,与其说是预见了她的凄凉,倒不如说是想到了他自己的孤独。
3)Based on national realities and taking reasonable aspects of foreign economies, Chinese economists are working to establish socialist market economy, which ensures economic activities follow the requirements of the law of value and the changing relationship between supply and demand. (按照搭配需要译)【译文】在立足本国实际和借鉴海外经济合理成分的基础上,中国经济学者正致力于建立社会主义市场经济,要保证经济活动遵循价值规律的要求,适应供求关系的变化。
最新英汉语言对比-习题·+答案
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英汉语言对比Synthetic vs. AnalyticⅠ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1.What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, A synthetic language is “Characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships”2.What are analytical languages(分析语)? How are they characterized?According to The Random House College Dictionary, An analytic language is “Characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs and changes in words order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”.3.Why English language is more flexible in word order(语序)? Why is it not so inChinese?Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form change is more flexible, the word order is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words.4.What is the usual word order in English sentences? What are the nine types ofinversion in English sentences?The usual word order in English sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion, signpost inversion, negative inversion, metrical inversion.1. 5.What are the E—C differences in formal words(形式词)?English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article. Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in expression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for delineation of emotions, like the letters 呀、啦、哦、嘛、呢,and others.6.How many kinds of formal words (形式词)are there in English language?2.There are five types of formal words, that is:i.article, including a, an, and the;ii.preposition, like on, in, to, for, as, at, of, with, from, across, etc.;iii.auxiliary verb, like will, do, have;iv.coordinator, including and, but, or;subordinator, like unless, after, for, due to, etc.7.Why Chinese is called Tone Language(声调语言)?Chinese tone can be used for indicating the change of meaning and is not suitable for expressing the certainty, completeness, independence or finality.Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.1.11.综合语的特征是经常性、系统性的运用曲折形式来表现语法关系为特征的语言,分析语的特征是分析语的特征是相对频繁地使用功能词,助词和改变词序来表达句法关系,而不用曲折形式来表达。
英汉语言对比练习
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班级:姓名:学号:序号:
根据相关英汉语言对比知识回答下列问题:
1.英汉语动词在语法意义和造句作用方面有什么差异?此种差异对翻译和第二
语言习得有什么借鉴意义?
2.如何理解英语重形合、汉语重意合?英汉语此种特征对翻译有什么指导意
义?
3.什么是异化和归化?在语际转换过程中,异化原则和归化原则可用于解决那
些问题?
4.英汉语合成构词有什么区别?其各自的特点对于翻译实践有何意义?
5.英汉语语序有何差异?
6.为什么说英语是树状结构语言而汉语是竹状结构语言?此种差异对英汉互译有什么样
的启示?
7.如何理解英语是静态语言而汉语是动态语言?举例说明此种差异对翻译的指导意义。
8.什么是话题和评论?如何理解汉语多话题-评论型句式而英语多主语-谓语型句式?举例
说明。
9.英汉名词的语法功能之间的差异是什么?
10.为什么有些语言学家认为英语是综合-分析语?
11.试从英汉思维差异说明说明为什么英语多物称主语,而汉语多人称主语?
12.英汉定语的位置和词序有何差异?
13.“祈使句+陈述”能表示哪些意义?
14.什么情况下英语要使用被动句?
15.英汉社会差异有何差异?。
英汉对比研究试题答案
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英汉对比研究试题答案一、选择题1. 在英语中,以下哪项最能体现主语的人称和数的变化?A. 动词的形式B. 名词的复数形式C. 代词的格D. 介词的用法答案:A2. 汉语中的成语通常具有以下哪个特点?A. 通常由四个汉字组成B. 通常由两个汉字组成C. 有固定的词序和结构D. 可以自由组合创造新成语答案:A3. 在英语中,使用哪种方式可以更好地表达时间的先后顺序?A. 倒装句B. 从句C. 并列句D. 虚拟语气答案:B4. 汉语的语序对于句子意义的影响主要体现在哪个方面?A. 主谓一致B. 修饰语的位置C. 动词的时态D. 名词的数答案:B5. 英语中的动词时态主要用来表达什么?A. 说话者的情绪B. 动作发生的时间和状态C. 句子的连贯性D. 语气的强度答案:B二、填空题1. 在英语中,第三人称单数的现在时动词通常需要在词尾加上________。
答案:-s2. 汉语中的量词用于表示事物的数量,而在英语中,通常使用________来表示类似的功能。
答案:冠词3. 英语中的虚拟语气多用于表达非现实情况,如假设、建议等,而在汉语中,通常使用________来表达类似的语气。
答案:情态动词4. 汉语中的成语往往具有深厚的文化内涵和历史背景,而在英语中,相应的表达方式可能是________。
答案:习语或idiom5. 英语中的名词有可数和不可数之分,而在汉语中,名词通常可以通过________来表示数量。
答案:量词三、简答题1. 请简述英语中的被动语态及其用法。
答:被动语态是英语中的一种语态,用来强调动作的承受者而非执行者。
它通过使用“be”动词的适当形式加上主动语态动词的过去分词来构成。
被动语态常用于当动作的执行者未知、不重要或希望突出动作承受者时。
2. 汉语中的“把”字句和“被”字句有什么区别?答:“把”字句和“被”字句都是汉语中用来表示动作和受事的结构。
不同之处在于,“把”字句强调动作的完成和受事的改变,通常用于有具体结果的情境;而“被”字句则强调受事的被动状态,不一定要求动作完成,更多地用于表达受事的遭遇或经历。
中石油北京19春《英汉语言文化对比》第二次在线作业
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中石油北京19春《英汉语言文化对比》第二次在线作业1.(2.5分) " Grease the hand of " is used to mean______.A、giving bribesB、do googd toC、do harm toD、cut the benefit正确答案:2.(2.5分) " I am all thumbs" is similar in meaning with_____A、I' m all ears.B、I am lazy.C、I am clumsyD、I am shy正确答案:3.(2.5分) " Have a finger in the pie" means _______A、you eat the pieB、you touch the pieC、you like cookingD、you are selfish正确答案:4.(2.5分) which of the following expressions is not a good example of human body metaphor?A、中心B、题目C、手腕D、手指正确答案:5.(2.5分) What does IBM stand for?A、Instant Business ModelB、International Business MachineC、Intelligent Book ManagerD、In Box Manager正确答案:6.(2.5分) Which of the following is not a person' s name?A、ChanelB、AvonC、LVD、Dior正确答案:7.(2.5分) Which of the following is not a place' s name?A、MarlboroB、NokiaC、AvonD、Ford正确答案:8.(2.5分) Finish the following sentence: He is as proud asa ____.A、peacockB、phoenixC、cowD、camel正确答案:9.(2.5分) Which of the following names is not from ancient legend?正确答案:10.(2.5分) In English, " west wind" is associtated with_____A、capitalismB、viceC、revolutionD、war正确答案:11.(2.5分) Which of the following idioms means the same with " If you sell the cow, you sell the milk too."A、杀鸡取卵B、守株待兔C、卸磨杀驴D、兔死狗烹正确答案:12.(2.5分) It' s no use crying over the_____milk.A、splitB、spiltC、spurredD、poured正确答案:13.(2.5分) " Fish in the air" is similar to _______.A、海阔凭鱼跃B、缘木求鱼C、鱼龙混杂D、浑水摸鱼正确答案:14.(2.5分) She is shy and as mute as ______in class.A、fishB、woodC、airD、water正确答案:15.(2.5分) " a cold fish" refers to a person who is _________A、cool-mindedB、cold-bloodedC、unfriendlyD、passionate正确答案:16.(2.5分) Which of the following animals has the similar meaning with" 俯首甘为孺子牛"A、horseB、cowC、sheepD、bull正确答案:17.(2.5分) What does parrot mean in the sentence" He just parrots what others say." ?A、likeB、imitateC、intimateD、memorizeC、seduce sb with moneyD、reward help with harm正确答案:19.(2.5分) He has been a pig about money.A、他无视金钱B、他视金钱如命C、他对金钱贪得无厌D、他不善于赚钱正确答案:20.(2.5分) Make a pig of oneself.A、扮成猪B、让自己变得贪婪C、狼吞虎咽D、当众出丑正确答案:21.(2.5分) A brave person is ususlly compared to _____ in the West.A、tigerB、lionC、dragonD、wolf正确答案:22.(2.5分) Which of the following animals can be used to refer to a wise man.A、owlB、batC、tortoiseD、loach正确答案:23.(2.5分)" He’s a bit batty." means__________A、luckyB、sadC、strangeD、crazy正确答案:24.(2.5分) If you want to express something is wrong ,you would say " I smell a _______" .A、ratB、batC、fishD、wolf正确答案:25.(2.5分) What does the sentence " I knew about your promotion straight from the horse' s mouth." intend to stress?A、You are sure to be promoted.B、The source of my informaion is reliable.C、The horse is honest.D、I doubt the news.正确答案:26.(2.5分) " She is a peach." is used to_______A、praise a girl' s beautyB、admire a girl' s youthA、has lost one' s fortuneB、has lost one' s parentsC、has lost one' s beloved oneD、has made others jealous正确答案:28.(2.5分) What is the counterpart of " paint the lily" in Chinese?A、缘木求鱼B、掩耳盗铃C、指鹿为马D、画蛇添足正确答案:29.(2.5分) Adam' s apple is________.A、apple from EdenB、apple for menC、men' s throatD、men' s eyes正确答案:30.(2.5分) A wise apple refers to ________A、a clever manB、a young manC、an arrogant manD、a playboy正确答案:31.(2.5分) New York is also called_________.A、the AppleB、Sam' s appleC、apple pieD、big Apple正确答案:32.(2.5分) Which of the following has the similar meaning with " polish the apple" .A、lick the bootB、grease the handC、paint the appleD、clean the hand正确答案:33.(2.5分) " 红豆" should be translated into_________.A、red beanB、red berryC、love berryD、strawberry正确答案:34.(2.5分) What is the meaning of plum in " His new job is a plum."A、good luckB、bad luckC、fine jobD、odd job正确答案:35.(2.5分) " be light in the head" means_______A、happy36.(2.5分)" keep one’s head above water" is to say_______.A、struggling to get byB、trying to make up for the lossC、making progressD、losing money正确答案:37.(2.5分)" have rock in one' s head" can be replaced by______.A、think clearlyB、think for the momentC、have stupid ideasD、have brilliant ideas正确答案:38.(2.5分)What is the Chinese equivalent of " Keep one’s nose to the grindstone " ?A、稳步前进B、埋头苦干C、就地取材D、避而不谈正确答案:39.(2.5分) How do you translate " 恩将仇报" into English?A、bite the hand that feeds oneB、tit for tatC、love me love my dogD、live and let live正确答案:40.(2.5分)Which of the following can explain " gain an upper hand" ?A、be competitiveB、be competentC、be aggressiveD、be lucky正确答案:1.(2.5分) " Grease the hand of " is used to mean______.A、giving bribesB、do googd toC、do harm toD、cut the benefit正确答案:2.(2.5分) " I am all thumbs" is similar in meaning with_____A、I' m all ears.B、I am lazy.C、I am clumsyD、I am shy正确答案:3.(2.5分) " Have a finger in the pie" means _______A、you eat the pieB、you touch the pieC、you like cookingD、you are selfish正确答案:4.(2.5分) which of the following expressions is not a good example of human body metaphor?正确答案:5.(2.5分) What does IBM stand for?A、Instant Business ModelB、International Business MachineC、Intelligent Book ManagerD、In Box Manager正确答案:6.(2.5分) Which of the following is not a person' s name?A、ChanelB、AvonC、LVD、Dior正确答案:7.(2.5分) Which of the following is not a place' s name?A、MarlboroB、NokiaC、AvonD、Ford正确答案:8.(2.5分) Finish the following sentence: He is as proud asa ____.A、peacockB、phoenixC、cowD、camel正确答案:9.(2.5分) Which of the following names is not from ancient legend?A、PickwickB、NikeC、MarsD、Hercules正确答案:10.(2.5分) In English, " west wind" is associtated with_____A、capitalismB、viceC、revolutionD、war正确答案:11.(2.5分) Which of the following idioms means the same with " If you sell the cow, you sell the milk too."A、杀鸡取卵B、守株待兔C、卸磨杀驴D、兔死狗烹正确答案:12.(2.5分) It' s no use crying over the_____milk.A、splitB、spiltC、spurredD、pouredC、鱼龙混杂D、浑水摸鱼正确答案:14.(2.5分) She is shy and as mute as ______in class.A、fishB、woodC、airD、water正确答案:15.(2.5分) " a cold fish" refers to a person who is _________A、cool-mindedB、cold-bloodedC、unfriendlyD、passionate正确答案:16.(2.5分) Which of the following animals has the similar meaning with" 俯首甘为孺子牛"A、horseB、cowC、sheepD、bull正确答案:17.(2.5分) What does parrot mean in the sentence" He just parrots what others say." ?A、likeB、imitateC、intimateD、memorize正确答案:18.(2.5分) " A snake in one' s bosom" means__________.A、hidden dangerB、bad ideaC、seduce sb with moneyD、reward help with harm正确答案:19.(2.5分) He has been a pig about money.A、他无视金钱B、他视金钱如命C、他对金钱贪得无厌D、他不善于赚钱正确答案:20.(2.5分) Make a pig of oneself.A、扮成猪B、让自己变得贪婪C、狼吞虎咽D、当众出丑正确答案:21.(2.5分) A brave person is ususlly compared to _____ in the West.A、tigerB、lionC、dragonB、batC、tortoiseD、loach正确答案:23.(2.5分)" He’s a bit batty." means__________A、luckyB、sadC、strangeD、crazy正确答案:24.(2.5分) If you want to express something is wrong ,you would say " I smell a _______" .A、ratB、batC、fishD、wolf正确答案:25.(2.5分) What does the sentence " I knew about your promotion straight from the horse' s mouth." intend to stress?A、You are sure to be promoted.B、The source of my informaion is reliable.C、The horse is honest.D、I doubt the news.正确答案:26.(2.5分) " She is a peach." is used to_______A、praise a girl' s beautyB、admire a girl' s youthC、show a girl' s shyD、curse a girl正确答案:27.(2.5分)" wear the willow" could refer to a person who_____.A、has lost one' s fortuneB、has lost one' s parentsC、has lost one' s beloved oneD、has made others jealous正确答案:28.(2.5分) What is the counterpart of " paint the lily" in Chinese?A、缘木求鱼B、掩耳盗铃C、指鹿为马D、画蛇添足正确答案:29.(2.5分) Adam' s apple is________.A、apple from EdenB、apple for menC、men' s throatD、men' s eyes正确答案:30.(2.5分) A wise apple refers to ________A、a clever man31.(2.5分) New York is also called_________.A、the AppleB、Sam' s appleC、apple pieD、big Apple正确答案:32.(2.5分) Which of the following has the similar meaning with " polish the apple" .A、lick the bootB、grease the handC、paint the apple。
2 英汉国俗语言对比
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“acase of dog eat dog”,指残酷无情的竞争,自相残杀; ,指残酷无情的竞争,自相残杀; “ a dog in the manger”,狗占马槽,比喻占着茅坑不 ,狗占马槽, 拉屎的人; 拉屎的人; “lead a dog’s life”,过着牛马不如的生活; ,过着牛马不如的生活; “treat sb.1ike a dog”,比喻视某人如草芥,不当 . ,比喻视某人如草芥, 人看; 人看; 形容人装腔作势, “put Oil the dog”形容人装腔作势,摆架子。 形容人装腔作势 摆架子。 指老年人, “an old dog”指老年人, 指老年人 指聪明伶俐的人, “a jolly dog”指聪明伶俐的人, 指聪明伶俐的人 指快活的人, “a gay dog”指快活的人, 指快活的人 指要人或看门的人、 “a big dog”指要人或看门的人、保镖, 指要人或看门的人 保镖, “a sly dog”指行为失检的人或偷鸡摸狗 指行为失检的人或偷鸡摸狗 指卑鄙可耻的人或狗杂种, “a yellow dog”指卑鄙可耻的人或狗杂种, 指卑鄙可耻的人或狗杂种 指一位老水手, “a sea dog”指一位老水手, 指一位老水手 指聪明的孩子或年轻人。 “a clever dog”指聪明的孩子或年轻人。 指聪明的孩子或年轻人
鼠:喻指微小且无足轻重的事物,指小偷小摸的 喻指微小且无足轻重的事物, 习性或行为,或喻指庸人、小人,多含贬义,例如: 习性或行为,或喻指庸人、小人,多含贬义,例如: 胆小如鼠” 抱头鼠窜、奉头鼠窜” “胆小如鼠”、“抱头鼠窜、奉头鼠窜”、“鼠目寸 鸡肠鼠肚” 贼眉鼠眼” 光”、“鸡肠鼠肚”、“贼眉鼠眼”。 英语中,鼠多作贬义或戏谑语,喻羞怯、 英语中,鼠多作贬义或戏谑语,喻羞怯、胆小之 人,例, “His son,a strange little mouse,never said , , anything”, , 译为“他的儿子胆小如鼠,竟然一句话都没说” 译为“他的儿子胆小如鼠,竟然一句话都没说”。 胆小如鼠)。 “as timid as a mouse”(胆小如鼠 。又 胆小如鼠 不出声、 如“as quite as a mouse”(不出声、无声响 不出声 无声响) 中西文化中,老鼠都有胆小的形象特征, 中西文化中,老鼠都有胆小的形象特征,鼠都 作贬义使用,代表着卑怯等不良形象。 作贬义使用,代表着卑怯等不良形象。
英汉对比研究(2)
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英译汉时,这种“化虚为实”可以添文采,增加译文的可读性; 汉译英时,“化实为虚”可以化症结、消梗滞,提高转换的可译性。 他这一阵心头如同十五个吊桶打水,七上八下,老是宁静不下来。 His mind was in a turmoil these days and he was quite unable to think straight.
二、英语有丰富的词义虚化手段,也大大方便了抽象表达法的使用。
前缀:trans- 跨,multi- 多,retro-后,
ultra-超
后缀:-ity 表示性质、状态、程度。 calamity, purity, humanity, gravity -tion 表示动作、状态、结果。 occupation, decoration, internationalization, realization
Both we and the Chinese approached that first opening toward each other with caution, uncertainty, even trepidation. 我们和中国人双方都是怀着谨慎、不安甚至是惶恐的心情来互相探讨 这初次的接触的。 What they wanted most was an end of uncertainties. 那时他们最渴望的就是结束这摇摆不定的局面。
敬辞用来褒扬对方或与对方有关的人、事物或行为,以表示恭敬,如:
令尊 your father 尊夫人 your wife 惠顾 your patronage
奉告 Inform
光临 your presence 府上 your home 久违 I haven’t seen you for ages.
英汉对比考试题及答案高中
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英汉对比考试题及答案高中一、选择题1. 在英语中,"apple"一词的中文意思是:A. 香蕉B. 苹果C. 橘子D. 梨答案:B2. 在汉语中,“老师”一词在英语中通常翻译为:A. StudentB. TeacherC. DoctorD. Nurse答案:B3. 英语中的“Hello”在汉语中通常翻译为:A. 再见B. 你好C. 晚安D. 早上好答案:B4. 下列哪个词组在英语和汉语中意思相同?A. 吃一堑,长一智B. 一石二鸟C. 一箭双雕D. 一言难尽答案:C5. 英语中的“Homework”在汉语中通常指的是:A. 家庭作业B. 家务C. 家访D. 家庭答案:A二、填空题6. 英语中的“family”一词在汉语中可以翻译为“_______”。
答案:家庭7. 在汉语中,“学习”一词在英语中可以翻译为“_______”。
答案:study 或 learn8. 英语中的“Thank you”在汉语中通常翻译为“_______”。
答案:谢谢9. 汉语中的“朋友”在英语中可以翻译为“_______”。
答案:friend 或 friends10. 英语中的“Good morning”在汉语中通常翻译为“_______”。
答案:早上好三、翻译题11. 请将下列英语句子翻译成汉语:- "What's your name?"- "Where are you from?"- "How are you doing?"答案:- 你叫什么名字?- 你来自哪里?- 你最近怎么样?12. 请将下列汉语句子翻译成英语:- 你今天过得怎么样?- 我很高兴见到你。
- 明天见。
答案:- How was your day?- I'm very happy to meet you.- See you tomorrow.四、简答题13. 请简述英语和汉语在语法结构上的主要差异。
英汉对比试题及答案
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英汉对比试题及答案一、选择题1. 下列哪个选项是英语中“书”的对应词?A. ChairB. BookC. DeskD. Pen答案:B2. 在汉语中,“红色”对应的英语单词是什么?A. BlueB. RedC. GreenD. Yellow答案:B3. 英语中表示“学习”的动词是什么?A. PlayB. LearnC. WorkD. Rest答案:B4. “老师”在英语中怎么说?A. TeacherB. StudentC. DoctorD. Nurse答案:A5. 下列哪个短语在英语中表示“在周末”?A. At weekendB. On weekendC. In weekendD. During the weekend答案:D二、填空题6. 英语中“早上好”是 _______。
答案:Good morning7. “谢谢你的帮助”在英语中可以表达为 _______。
答案:Thank you for your help8. “我来自中国”用英语怎么说?答案:I come from China / I am from China9. “他喜欢游泳”在英语中的正确表达是 _______。
答案:He likes swimming10. “明天见”的英文表达是 _______。
答案:See you tomorrow三、翻译题11. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。
“他每天骑自行车上班。
”答案:He rides his bike to work every day.12. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语。
“She is a teacher at the university.”答案:她是大学里的一位老师。
13. 翻译下列英语短语。
“Take care of yourself.”答案:照顾好自己。
14. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语。
“这个周末我们打算去爬山。
”答案:We plan to go hiking this weekend.15. 翻译下列英语句子。
英汉语言对比(二)练习答案
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英汉语言对比(二)课后练习答案一、翻译下列谚语和惯用语1.All good things come to an end.天下没有不散的宴席。
2.Help a lame dog over a stile. 雪中送炭。
3.It is good fishing in troubled waters.浑水摸鱼。
4.Every dog has his day.十年河东,十年河西。
5.Constant dripping wears away the stone. 滴水穿石。
6.Customs make things easy.习惯成自然。
7.城门失火,殃及池鱼。
A fire on the city wall brings disaster to the fishin the boat.8.路遥知马力,日久见人心。
As a long road tests a horse’s strength, so along task proves a person’s heart.9.情人眼里出西施。
Beauty lies in the lover’s eyes.10.谋事在人,成事在天。
Man proposes, God disposes.11.无风不起浪There is no smoke without fire.12.隔墙有耳。
Walls have ears.二、翻译以下句子1.里根刚上台时在做法上跟执政时期的卡特别无二致。
Early Reagan was a mirror image of early Carter.2.其重要性无论怎样夸大其词也不为过。
We cannot exaggerate its importance.3.人的思想形成了语言,而语言又形成了人的思想。
Language is shaped by, and shapes human thought.4.人非圣贤,孰能无过;过而能改,善莫大焉。
To err is human and to mend is a supreme merit.5.明年我们不应再给农民打白条了。
英汉语言对比作业及答案
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1. Not knowing her telephone number, I can not contact her immediately. 【译文】由于不知道她的电话号码,我无法立刻与她联系。
2. Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.【译文】无知是恐惧的根源,也是敬佩的根源。
3. With all his achievements he remains modest and prudent.【译文】她虽有很多成就,但还是谦虚谨慎。
4. Everything considered, your essay seems better written.【译文】如果各方面都考虑到,你的论文似乎会写得更好些。
5. We maintain that no peace situation is permanent which does not take into account the legitimate wishes of the majority of the people of any country.【译文】我们认为,如果不尊重一个国家大多数人民的正当愿望,任何和平局面都不会是持久的。
6.。
A reader’s perception of the loose, slangy, colloquial, shirt-sleeved quality of much modern prose will be sharpened if he has experienced the conscious elegance of eighteenth-century writers and the solemn lecture-hall pronouncements of the Victorians. (按照逻辑顺序)【译文】如果一位读者读过18世纪作家的作品,体会到其刻意追求典雅的语言风格.又读过维多利亚女王时代的人在演讲大厅上所作的庄严的发言,他定能更深刻地理解很多现代散文作品那种结构松散、口语色彩浓、好用俚语、不拘形式的语言风格。
汉外语言对比试题及答案
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汉外语言对比试题及答案一、选择题1. 汉语和英语在语法结构上的主要区别是什么?A. 词序B. 时态C. 语态D. 以上都是答案:D2. 在汉语中,表示复数通常使用什么方式?A. 词尾变化B. 数量词C. 复数形式D. 冠词答案:B3. 英语中,动词的时态变化是通过什么方式实现的?A. 词序B. 助动词C. 词尾变化D. 句式结构答案:C二、填空题4. 在英语中,表示过去进行时态的动词形式是________。
答案:was/were + 动词的现在分词5. 汉语中,表达否定意义时,通常在动词前加上________。
答案:不6. 英语中,表示将来时态的动词形式是________。
答案:will + 动词原形三、简答题7. 请简述汉语和法语在语音方面的主要差异。
答案:汉语是一种声调语言,有四个声调,而法语没有声调。
汉语的音节结构相对简单,通常由一个音节组成一个词,而法语的音节结构较为复杂,一个词可能由多个音节组成。
8. 在英语中,如何使用情态动词表达可能性?答案:情态动词如can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should等可以用来表达可能性。
例如,使用may表示可能性时,可以说:He may come to the party tonight.四、翻译题9. 请将以下汉语句子翻译成英语。
“他每天早晨都去公园散步。
”答案:He goes for a walk in the park every morning.10. 请将以下英语句子翻译成汉语。
"I don't think you should do that."答案:我认为你不应该那么做。
五、论述题11. 论述汉语和德语在词汇构成上的主要异同。
答案:汉语和德语在词汇构成上的主要异同体现在:汉语词汇多为单音节词,而德语词汇多为多音节复合词;汉语中存在大量同音异义词,而德语中同音异义词较少;汉语中词缀的使用较少,而德语中词缀的使用较为普遍,如动词的前缀和名词的后缀等。
英汉对比考试题库及答案
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英汉对比考试题库及答案一、选择题1. 英语中,表示“和”的词是:A. AndB. OrC. ButD. So答案:A2. 汉语中,表示“但是”的词是:A. 但是B. 并且C. 然而D. 所以答案:A3. 在英语中,以下哪个词组表示“无论如何”?A. In any caseB. In any wayC. In any placeD. In any time答案:A4. 在汉语中,“无论如何”可以翻译为:A. 无论如何B. 无论如何都要C. 无论如何都不要D. 无论何时答案:A5. 英语中,表示“因为”的词是:A. BecauseB. SinceC. AlthoughD. If答案:A6. 汉语中,表示“因为”的词是:A. 因为B. 所以C. 尽管D. 然而答案:A二、填空题1. 英语句子 "I love you" 在汉语中可以翻译为 "________"。
答案:我爱你2. 汉语句子“他很聪明” 在英语中可以翻译为 "He is very________."。
答案:smart3. 英语中的 "Good morning" 在汉语中可以翻译为“________”。
答案:早上好4. 汉语中的“晚安” 在英语中可以翻译为 "________"。
答案:Good night三、翻译题1. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语:- "I have a dream."答案:我有一个梦想。
2. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语:- “她正在学习英语。
”答案:She is studying English.四、简答题1. 请简述英语和汉语在语法结构上的一个主要差异。
答案:英语和汉语在语法结构上的主要差异之一是英语强调词序和形态变化,而汉语则依赖于语序和语境来表达语法关系。
2. 请解释英语中的“虚拟语气”是什么,并给出一个例句。
汉英语言对比参考答案
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汉英语言对比参考答案汉英语言作为世界上使用人数最多的两种语言,各自拥有独特的语言特点和丰富的文化内涵。
本文将从语音、词汇、语法、表达方式等方面对汉英语言进行对比分析,以期对两种语言的异同有一个全面的认识。
一、语音对比汉语属于汉藏语系,其语音系统以声母、韵母和声调为主。
汉语普通话有21个声母、39个韵母和4个声调,声调的变化可以改变词义。
例如,“妈”(mā)、“麻”(má)、“马”(mǎ)、“骂”(mà)。
英语属于印欧语系,其语音系统包括元音和辅音,没有声调的概念。
英语的发音更依赖于元音和辅音的组合,以及重音的分布。
例如,cat (猫)和bat(球棒)发音相似,但意义不同。
二、词汇对比汉语词汇以单音节词为主,每个音节都有意义,词汇的构成往往是通过词根和词缀的组合。
例如,“电”(diàn)可以与“视”(shì)组合成“电视”(diànshì),表示一种视觉媒介。
英语词汇则以多音节词为主,词汇的构成可以是词根、前缀、后缀的组合,也可以是复合词。
例如,“television”(电视)由“tele-”(远的)和“-vision”(视觉)组成,表示通过远距离传输的视觉媒介。
三、语法对比汉语的语法结构相对灵活,词序和虚词的使用是表达语法关系的主要手段。
例如,“我爱你”(Wǒ ài nǐ)和“你爱我”(Nǐ àiwǒ)通过改变词序来表达不同的主宾关系。
英语的语法结构则较为固定,依赖于词序和形态变化来表达语法关系。
例如,“He loves me”和“I love him”通过使用不同的助动词和宾格代词来表达主宾关系。
四、表达方式对比汉语表达往往含蓄,喜欢使用比喻、借代等修辞手法。
例如,“月有阴晴圆缺”(The moon has its phases of darkness and light)通过比喻表达人生的无常。
英语表达则相对直接,喜欢使用明喻和转喻等修辞手法。
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1.翻译下列句子,注意调整语序
1)A reader’s perception of the loose, slangy, colloquial, shirt-sleeved quality of much modern prose will be sharpened if he has experienced the conscious elegance of eighteenth-century writers and the solemn lecture-hall pronouncements of the Victorians. (按照逻辑顺序译)
【译文】如果一位读者读过18世纪作家的作品,体会到其刻意追求典雅的语言风格,又读过维多利亚女王时代的人在演讲大厅上所作的庄严的发言,他定能更深刻地理解很多现代散文作品那种结构松散、口语色彩浓、好用俚语、不拘形式的语言风格。
2)He felt a qualm in his stomach, and it was more in memory of his own loneliness than anticipation of hers.(按照信息中心译)
【译文】他感到一阵心酸,与其说是预见了她的凄凉,倒不如说是想到了他自己的孤独。
3)Based on national realities and taking reasonable aspects of foreign economies, Chinese economists are working to establish socialist market economy, which ensures economic activities follow the requirements of the law of value and the changing relationship between supply and demand. (按照搭配需要译)
【译文】在立足本国实际和借鉴海外经济合理成分的基础上,中国经济学者正致力于建立社会主义市场经济,要保证经济活动遵循价值规律的要求,适应供求关系的变化。
4)For example, a girl student who had difficulty studying made dramatic strides when she got a better desk lamp and moved her desk away from her bed.(按照时间顺序)【译文】例如,有位女学生,原来学习很吃力,但自从换了一盏好台灯,并把桌子从床边搬开以后,学习就取得了长足的进步。
5)There are few moments in life that bring husband and wife closer in reflective communion than the first October moment by a blazing hearth when they inhale the odor of mothballs in each other’s sweaters and agree it’s time they once again had a long talk.
【译文】十月初临,夫妻俩傍倚着融融的炉火,都能闻到对方毛衣散发出的卫生球气味,默契地认为是他们在一起促膝长谈的时候了,如此亲密无间地沉浸在感情交流之中,一生能有几回。