to-do-sth不定式用法
不定式的用法
The road is hard
to Байду номын сангаасalk on
.
结果状语: too + adj \ adv + to do sth ( not ) + adj \ adv + enough to to sth He is too young to go to school . He is not old enough to go to school .
三 、宾补
1. ask sb to do sth 类似ask 的动词:tell , want , invite , wish , allow , teach, order … 他邀请我们去参加晚会。
He invited
us
to come to
the party .
我希望他们玩得 高兴。
I
wish them
基本形式:
肯定式:to do sth ( 有时可不带to ,称为省略to 的不定式,无人称,数的变化,不能单独作谓 语) 否定式:not to do sth 用法:不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征, 因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、 定语和状语。
一 、主语
1.不定式做主语,谓语动词用单数
It’s our duty to look after you .
It’s a pity for us to miss the party .
3. It takes sb some time to do sth
二 、 宾语
want to do sth 类似want 的动词有: would like , hope , wish , like , love ,begin , start ,try , need , forget , remember , learn ,plan ,decide , refuse …
动词不定式用法详解
动词不定式(The Infinitive )一、动词不定式的形式及意义构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动一般式to do to be done for sb.to do sth.of sb.to do sth.在“to”前加not 或never完成式to have done to have been done 进行式to be doing /不定式虽然没有人称和数的变化,但所表达的动作仍有时间先后顺序。
1、不定式的一般式,表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后发生。
We are very glad to meet you again.再次见到你,我们非常高兴。
(同时发生)I hope to see you next week .我希望下周能见到你。
[不等式动作发生在谓语之后]I am ready to shave .我要刮脸了。
(自己挂自己的脸)I am ready to be shaved .我准备好刮脸了。
(由别人给自己刮脸)2、不定式的进行式,表示的动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。
They are to be waiting for us at the station.他们在车站等我们。
(作表语)He pretended to be reading attentively when I came in.我进去时他假装在专心读书。
(作宾语)3、不定式的完成式,表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。
He pretended not to have seen me .他假装没有看见我。
He is the first student in the school to have got the prize .在该校,它是第一个获得该奖的学生。
There is no need to have worried about it like that.不需要那样担忧。
The room seems to have been tidied up already .这个房子似乎好像已经整理过了。
to-do-不定式
To do 不定式不定式由“to do+动词原形构成”其否定形式是“not to do”。
to do定式不能单独作谓语、不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化。
它有名词、形容词和副词的功能,但还保留动词的特征。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。
不定式有时态和语态变化,具体结构如下表:1.不定式的用法1)作主语不定式短语作主语时,一般表示具体的、个别的、一次性的或具有将来意义的动作,谓语动词用单数。
To master a foreign Language requires painstaking effort (辛苦的努力).To combine theory with practice is a good way of learning.It+动词+宾语等+to do sthIt makes me sick to think about it.It does you a lot of good _____ _( swim) in the rivers.②It+be+表语+to do sthIt was rich to give up smoking.It was beyond me____ __( help)him.③It+be+表语+for sb. to do sth/for sth. to be done.It is important for you to attend that meeting.It is a good idea _ ___ the books ____ __ (give) to her.④It+be+表语+of+名词/代词+to do sthIt is kind of you to offer me this lovely holiday.It was careless_ ___ you ___ ___( leave) your book on the bus.2)作表语:①动词不定式作表语,其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。
总结todo的用法(精选4篇)
总结todo的用法第1篇不定式在句中做定语通常做后置定语,即放在被修饰名词或代词后。
它通常有以下几种用法:(一)不定式常可用来修饰物,表示要做某事。
如:1、The next train to arrive was from NewYork.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的`。
2、I have nothing to say on this question.在这个问题上,我没有什么话要说。
3、We are looking for somewhere to live.我们正在找一个地方住。
(二)不定式还可用来修饰人。
如:1、He was the first guest to arrive.他是第一个到达的客人。
2、Miss Brown was the next person to rise to speak.布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。
3、He was a brave man to do what he did.他是个勇者才有这样的行为。
(三)很多特定的名词后也可用不定式做定语,这样的名词常用的有:way,time,reaso n,chance,opportunity,need,wish,effort,right,ambition等。
如:1、It's time for you to get up and go to school.你该起床去上学了。
2、There is no reason to doubt his word.没有理由怀疑他的话。
3、They have now an opportunity to go abroad to studyfurther.他们现在有机会出国深造。
(四)某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时,它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语。
如:1、He made an attempt to learn English well.他试图学好英语。
(attempt to do sth) 2、His ability to get on with people is his chiefadvantage.他能和人相处是他的主要优势。
to-do-sth不定式用法
to-do-sth不定式用法D234例如:This picture makes me feel tense!Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.○3.help后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带。
一般说来,带to表间接帮助,不带to表直接帮助。
在被动语态句里,或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。
例如:They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.Using e-mail English helps you write quickly.○4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。
例如:He doesn’t seem to have many friends.Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.6、用作状语○1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。
为加强语气,常与in order或so as 组成短语。
例如:A group of young people got together to discuss this question.In order to help him, we would do everything we can.注意:置于句首时只用to do / in order to do。
○2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。
例如:I was very sad to hear the news.On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes.○3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enough to...”结构句中。
to-do用法---复习(共25张)
I’ll get someone ___ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him ___ change his mind? 4.I wish you ___ come as soon as possibl e. 5. He asked me ___do the work with him.
his mother told him _____. (95 N)
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not to it D. do not to
为__了__避__免__重__复_,__常__用__省__略_形__式___t_o_来__代__替__前_面__的__动__作__。_如__:_ Would you like
warn ask wish want 等 特别注意: hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。
第13页,共25页。
see
watch observe look at
notice hear listen to feel
make let have
do (…做了…)
+宾 语
(bīnyǔ)
The machine couldn’t work. Let’s try repairing it.
第8页,共25页。
4) remember doing/to do
remember to do 记得去做某事 remember doing 记得做过某事 记着放学后去趟邮局。 Remember to go to the post office after school. 你不记得以前(yǐqián)见过那个人吗?
动词不定式作定语 不定式作后置定语
动词不定式作定语不定式作后置定语不定式做定语讲解①不定式作定语,修饰the first,the lost,the third,中心词为不定式的执行者时用to do sth(主动式),中心词为不定式承受者时用to be done(被动式.He was the man to think of the plan to plant trees.The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave.They found the last child to be injured in the accident.This is the third question to be discussed.②中心词是由动词派生的名词,原动词+不定式作宾语,wish, decision, refusal, arrangement, intention, agreement, hope, need, plan, promise, failure ,attempt They made a decision to put off the meeting until next week.He expressed his wish to visit the Great Wall.He made a promise to be a good boy.There is no need to build a dam on the small river.③中心词是由形容词派生来的,原形容词常用不定式作状语,ability, eagerness, anxiety, patience, willingness.A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood.④名词本身是抽象名词,不定式解释其中的内容,chance,plan ,means , courage, efforts, measures, movement, opportunity, power, reason, right ,skill, strength, struggle, idea ,way 这时,不定式可以换成of + doing。
动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式的用法总结动词不定式(to do)是英语课的一个重点,也是很多考试中要考查的一个项目。
你知道动词不定式的用法有哪些吗?接下来,小编给大家准备了动词不定式的用法总结,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
●动词不定式的用法总结动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。
下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆:一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。
二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。
动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。
1、主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。
例:To go in for sports helps youstay fit.(book4,L28)It helps you stay fit to go in for sports. It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示评价的形容词。
例:It's right of him to refuse the invitation1.(him为逻辑主语)2、表语:Our duty is to protect the enviroment.3、动词宾语:此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例:would you like to see my photos?Kevin planned to visit his uncle.(book4,L11)和plan用法一样的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。
动词to-do-与doing-的用法区别
一、接不定式(而不接动名词)1.作宾语的24个常用动词afford to do sth. 负担得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 请求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 决定做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine to do sth. 决心做某事expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 帮助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 学习做某事manage to do sth. 设法做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事prepare to do sth. 准备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 答应做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事want to do sth. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事注:有些不及物动词后习惯上也接不定式,不接动名词:aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事2.作宾补的36个常用动词advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.请(叫)某人做某事bear sb. to do sth.忍受某人做某事beg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事get sb. to do sth. 使(要)某人做某事hate sb. to do sth. 讨厌某人做某事help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事intend sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事mean sb. to do sth. 打算要某人做某事need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事warn sb. to do sth. 警告某人做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事二、动名词(不接不定式)1.作宾语的34个常用动词admit doing sth承认做某事advise doing sth. 建议做某事allow doing s允许做某事appreciate doing sth. 感激做某事avoid doing st避免做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事delay doing推迟做某事deny doing sth. 否认做某事discuss doing讨论做某事dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事enjoy doing喜爱做某事escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事excuse doin原谅做某事fancy doing sth. 设想做某事finish doing完成做某事给大家推荐一个英语微信群-Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法,群里都是说英语,没有半个中文,而且规则非常严格,是一个超级不错的英语学习环境,群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人,还有鬼佬和外国美眉。
动词不定式用法
动词不定式用法动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词原形,但to有时要省去。
而动词不定式在具体运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。
现就以下几方面介绍如下。
一、不定式结构1. 带to的不定式结构能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like, love, stop, go, come等。
如:I want to go to the movies with you.我想跟你一起去看电影。
Don’t forget to turn off the light before you leave.在你离开之前别忘了关灯。
注意:动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth.。
如:Dave told me not to wake up Kate.大卫告诉我别叫醒凯特。
2. 不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:(1)在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
如:You had better go home now.你最好现在回家。
It’s cold outside. You’d better not go out.外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
(2)在let, make, see, feel, watch, hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn’t see you come in.我没看见你进来。
(3)在引导疑问句的why not之后。
动词不定式用法讲解
动词不定式用法讲解------------------------------------------------------------精品文档-------------------------------------------------------- 动词不定式用法小结动词不定式用法小结动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一. 作主语例如:To be a doctor is hard.做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。
动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。
例如上面的句子可以表示为:It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如:It's important to plant trees in spring.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for 引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。
例:It's good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
二. 作表语:动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。
例:His work is to drive a car.他的工作是开车。
My job is to feed animals.我的工作是饲养动物。
to_do用法
动词不定式用法小结英语动词的非谓语形式为三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to+动词原形”,其中to不是介词,而是动词不定式的符号,称为小品词,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语,在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。
一. 作主语例如:To be a doctor is hard. 做医生很难。
To learn English well is not easy. 学好英语不容易。
To say is to believe.眼见为实。
动词不定式(短语)作主语时,为了避免句子的头重脚轻,可以用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语--动词不定式(短语)放在句子的后部。
例如上面的句子可以表示为:It is hard to be a doctor.It is not easy to learn English well. 再如:It’s important to plant trees in spring.如果动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可以在动词不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短语,称为不定式的复合结构。
例:It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.对我们来说每天早晨大声读英语是很有益的。
It is important for students to use English every day.对学生来说每天使用英语是很重要的。
二. 作表语:(在形式上,位于系动词后的就是表语。
从含义上讲,表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。
)动词不定式(短语)作表语常用于系词be的后面。
例:His work is to drive a car. 他的工作是开车。
My job is to feed animals. 我的工作是饲养动物。
todo不定式宾补
todo不定式宾补中学英语语法:A.带to的不定式作宾补a.可以⽤带to的不定式作宾补的动词常⽤的有ask,tell,order,invite,beg,get,allow,wish,want,encourage,advise,warn 等。
例如:The teacher asked us to finish our homework.⽼师叫我们完成家庭作业。
She wanted him to sing for her friends.她想让他为她的朋友唱歌。
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.警察告诉孩⼦们别在街上玩耍。
b.在动词think,believe,know,find,understand,take等之后,作宾补的不定式多由“to be +adj.”构成。
例如:They find the Chinese people to be happy and cheerful.他们发现中国⼈都很幸福快乐。
He believed the earth to be a globe.他相信⼤地是个球体。
c.在某些短语后也可跟带to的不定式作宾补。
这类动词短语常见的有:wait for,call on,depend on,care for,long for等。
例如:The crocodile waited for the monkey to come down again.鳄鱼等着猴⼦再下来。
The chairman called on Mr Brown to speak.主席请布朗先⽣讲话。
I shouldn't care for that man to be my doctor.我不要那⼈给我看病。
B.不带to的不定式作宾补动词不定式在使役动词(make,let,have)或感官动词(feel,listen to,hear,look at,see,watch,notice)之后作宾补时不定式需省去to。
to-do-sth不定式用法
to-do-sth不定式⽤法动词不定式⼀、动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。
动词不定式没有⼈称和数的变化。
在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍保留动词的特性,可以有⾃⼰的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式同它的宾语和状语⼀起构成不定式短语。
例如:to sell flowers in the street 在街上卖花to speak in the classroom 在教室⾥讲话不定式省to有四种情况:1、使役动词let, make, have等后接不定式。
例如:Let him go! The boss made the child labors work the whole night.2、would rather, had better后。
例如:You had better stay at home.3、Why…/Why not…后。
例如:Why not have a good rest on Sunday?4、感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find,notice 等后作宾语补⾜语,省to。
例如:I saw him dance.注意:这些情况在被动语态中,不可省to. 例如:The child labors were made to work the whole night.⼆、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以作句⼦的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补⾜语、定语和状语。
1、⽤作主语直接把动词不定式置于句⾸的情况不多,多数情况⽤it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语,谓语动词⽤第三⼈称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句⾸。
例如:The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.How to make requests politely is important.2、⽤作表语动词不定式作表语,常⽤在be动词及seem, appear, happen等词之后,构成系表结构。
不定式在句中用法广泛
不定式在句中用法广泛,可以充当除了谓语之外的任何成分。
但对不定式做定语,很多高中学生都比较陌生,所以下面就动词不定式todo做定语做一简要总结。
不定式在句中做定语通常做后置定语,即放在被修饰名词或代词后。
它通常有以下几种用法:(一)不定式常可用来修饰物,表示要做某事。
如:1.The next train to arrive was from NewYork.下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。
2.I have nothing to say on this question.在这个问题上,我没有什么话要说。
3. We are looking for somewhere to live.我们正在找一个地方住。
(二)不定式还可用来修饰人。
如:1.He was the first guest to arrive.他是第一个到达的客人。
2.Miss Brown was the next person to rise to speak.布朗小姐是下一个起来发言的人。
3.He was a brave man to do what he did.他是个勇者才有这样的行为。
(三)很多特定的名词后也可用不定式做定语,这样的名词常用的有:way,time,reason,chance,opportunity,need,wish,effort,right,ambition等。
如:1.It's time for you to get up and go to school.你该起床去上学了。
2.There is no reason to doubt his word.没有理由怀疑他的话。
3.They have now an opportunity to go abroad to study further.他们现在有机会出国深造。
(四)某些动词或形容词后可接不定式时,它相应的同根名词也常用不定式做定语。
如:1.He made an attempt to learn English well.他试图学好英语。
非谓语动词todo的用法小结
非谓语动词不定式(to do)的用法小结I.不定式的语法意义1.不定式具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可作主、宾、定、表、补和状语。
2.没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但有时态和语态的变化。
3.仍保留动词的特征,即可有自己的宾语和状语,和他们一起构成不定式短语。
II. 不定式的否定式not to doIII.不定式的时态和语态1.一般式(to do/to be done)表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或发生在其后。
2.完成式(to have done/to have been done)表示动作或状态在谓语动词的动作或状态之前。
3.进行式(to be doing)表示动作谓语动词所表示的动作或状态发生时正在发生。
4.完成进行式(to have been doing)表示在谓语动词的动作或状态发生之前开始进行的行为,到谓语动作发生时,可能停止,也可能会持续下去。
IV.不定式的功能1.作主语:(1)to do可直接作主语,表示特指一个具体动作。
eg.To swim in that river is very dangerous.To study English well isn’teasy.(2) 用it作为形式主语,而把真正的不定式主语放到句中。
常见的有6种。
It is +adj+ to do sth.eg.It is nice not to be dependent onothers.It is +adj+for sb to do sth.eg.It is not hard for one to do a bit of goodIt is +adj+of sb to do sth.eg. It is silly of you to believe him.= You are silly to believe him.It is +noun+to do sth.eg.It was not his habit to ask people for things.It+动词(+宾语)+ to do sth.eg.It took me a year to finish writing thebook.It is+介词短语+to do sth.eg.It is beyond my power to answer this question.2.作表语:to do作表语很普遍,多数情况下可换作主语eg.Her job is to teach us maths.To teach us maths is her job.3.作宾语:to do作宾语直接跟在vt 动词后面。
人教版英语八年级上Unit 5动词不定式
动词不定式一、结构:动词不定式分为带to不定式(to do sth.)与不带to 不定式(do sth.)。
其中,to 不是介词,而是动词不定式符号,无意义,可以不翻译。
肯定式:to do 否定式:not to do二、作用:在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语或状语等。
三、用法:1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数(如并列时则用复数)。
往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
常用结构为:It is + adj. /n.(+ for sb.) + to do sth.It is + adj./n. + (of sb. )+ to do sth.e.g. To watch movies is my hobby.To fight with crime is dangerous.It’s enjoyable for me to have dinner with you.It’s necessary to learn every subject well.It’s kind of you to che ck the information carefully.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式:v.+ to do sth.下列动词(短语)通常用不定式作宾语:help(带to不定式或不带to 不定式皆可), need, want, hope, wish, expect, learn, decide, choose, would like, like, love, begin, start, stop, try, forget, remember等。
e.g. He decided to go on a vacation.James chose to work in the city.Teachers teach to learn something.(2)动词(know, ask, show, teach, find out等)+疑问词+不定式: v. + wh- /how+ to do sth。
动词不定式的用法
动词不定式的用法(一)定义:动词不定式是一种非限制动词形式。
非限定动词是指不能单独在句中充当谓语的动词形式。
非限定动词包括:动词不定式,-ing分词和-ed分词。
非限定动词的共同特征:它们不受句中主语的人称和数的限制,不能单独表示出动作发生的时间;它们都有一定的时态和语态的变化,如一般式,完成式。
学好非限定动词的关键在于学好它们各个的功能和用法,以及与其他两种之间用法上的区别。
动词不定式的形式:形式:不定式可分为带“to”(to do)和不带“to”(do)的动词不定式。
动词不定式的否定形式为:not+不定式不定式的时态语态三大公式:动词时态语态的三个公式如下:进行式公式=be+现在分词完成式公式=have+过去分词被动式公式=be+过去分词由此,我们可以推导出不定式的时态和语态公式,以下我们以to do为例,列出公式如下:时态主动被动一般式To do To be done完成式To have done To have been done进行式To be doing完成进行式To have been doing一,动词不定式的时态:动词不定式不能在句中作谓语,尽管它本身有时态的变化,但是却不能靠自身的变化形式表示动作发生的具体时间。
动词不定式发生的时间,一般只能根据谓语动词的时间,产生相对的先后时间关系。
不定式的一般式:表示不定式的动作与谓语动词动作几乎同时发生,或在谓语动作之后发生,或者不强调不定式动作的时间性。
但若是不定式表原因时,往往先于谓语动作之前发生。
如:The news will not fail to surprise him.这个消息将不会不使他大吃一惊的。
(不定式动作在将来和谓语动作同时发生)I helped to repair the car.我帮助修理汽车。
(不定式动作在过去与谓语动作同时发生)He didn't know where to go.他不知道该去哪儿。
动词不定式的用法归纳
I plan to go to Beijing this summer. 2).不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,
往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后,而用it作形式 宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。 I think it our duty to obey the laws.
10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. (object complement)
Quiz II
Multiple Choice
1. I don’t know whether you happen
不定式作结果状语常用如下句型?too形容词副词todosth?名词形容词副词enoughtodosth?enough名词todosth?such形容词名词astodosth?so形容词副词astodosth?注意不定式作状语其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致
动词不定式的基本用法归纳
不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是 “not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语 构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时 态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、 宾补、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语 。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词 宾格”构成。
1. 作主语 2. 作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语 4. 作定语 5. 作状语 6. 作表语 7. 作独立成分 8. 与疑问词等连用
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动词不定式一、动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍保留动词的特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式同它的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语。
例如:to sell flowers in the street 在街上卖花to speak in the classroom 在教室里讲话不定式省to有四种情况:1、使役动词let, make, have等后接不定式。
例如:Let him go! The boss made the child labors work the whole night.2、would rather, had better后。
例如:You had better stay at home.3、Why…/Why not…后。
例如:Why not have a good rest on Sunday?4、感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find,notice 等后作宾语补足语,省to。
例如:I saw him dance.注意:这些情况在被动语态中,不可省to. 例如:The child labors were made to work the whole night.二、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
1、用作主语直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
例如:The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.How to make requests politely is important.2、用作表语动词不定式作表语,常用在be动词及seem, appear, happen等词之后,构成系表结构。
说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
例如:The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. She seem to be well-known.3、用作宾语○1. 用作宾语的动词不定式,常用在动词ask, choose, agree,expect, hope, decide, learn,prefer, know,wish, want, would like / love等及物动词之后,构成动宾短语。
例如:We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.He prefers to eat white bread and rice. I’d love to visit Mexico.○2.动词feel, find, make, think, believe等,在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语,只有用it作形式宾语,从而把动词不定式后置。
句子结构是:主语+feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。
例如:I find it difficult to remember everything.○3.既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别不大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。
一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作的全过程,v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。
但这种区别并不很严格,特别是美式英语,即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。
例如:Then I started to watch English-language TV.I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am.(begin用了进行时态,后面只接不定式作宾语,表示事情刚开始,还要继续下去。
)○4.后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。
后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接v-ing形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。
stop to do停下来做另外一件事,to do是目的状语;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。
try to do尽力做,try doing试试看;go on to do接着做另外的事,go on doing继续做原来的事。
例如:When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.I stopped using them last year.○5后只接v-ing作宾语的一些常用特殊动词:give up, enjoy, practice, finish, mind等。
例如:Would you mind opening the window?4、用作定语用作定语的动词不定式一般都位于被修饰的名词之后。
例如:I have so much homework to do today. I cant think of any good advice to give her.通常chance, place, time, way等名词后接不定式作定语。
另外在the first, the second, the last, the only等词后,也常用不定式作定语。
例如:He needs time to do homework. You want to know the best way to get around the city.5、用作补语○1.常见动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:要求允许提议警告(ask, allow, permit, advise,warn),期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage),教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want),希望愿意(wish, would like / love)。
例如:I invited her to have dinner at my house. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.○2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”:look at, observe, see, watch,三“让”:have, let, make,二“听”:hear, listen to,一“感觉”:feel,一“注意”:notice。
例如:This picture makes me feel tense!Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.○3.help后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带。
一般说来,带to表间接帮助,不带to表直接帮助。
在被动语态句里,或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。
例如:They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.Using e-mail English helps you write quickly.○4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。
例如:He doesn’t seem to have many friends.Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.6、用作状语○1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。
为加强语气,常与in order或so as 组成短语。
例如:A group of young people got together to discuss this question.In order to help him, we would do everything we can.注意:置于句首时只用to do / in order to do。
○2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。
例如:I was very sad to hear the news.On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes.○3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enough to...”结构句中。
例如:Then I’m too tired to do well. He is old enough to go to school .○4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
例如:I’d like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.7、动词不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”,for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。
这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。
一般说来,of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性。
for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,不说明人的特性。
前面如果是名词用for。
例如:Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening.It’s kind of you to help me.8、带疑问词的不定式短语动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。