动词不定式的用法归纳

3．作表语
不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示解释或表将
来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划 的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job. To teach is to learn. My job is to help the patient. My ambition is to become a teacher. The old man seems to be sick. 【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修 饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表 语的动词不定式省略to。 All I want to do now is fill my stomach.
动词不定式的基本用法归纳
不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是 “not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语 构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时 态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、 宾补、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语 。不定式的逻辑主语有时用“for+名词或代词 宾格”构成。
A. to be heard
B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard
2. This company was the first _____ portable radios as well as cassette tape records in the world. (2005 上海春） A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced
不定式作结果状语常用如下句型
He
hurried to the school to find nobody there. （结果） He is too old to lift the box.
The
room is big enough to hold us. It is such a big room as to hold us. He is so kind as to help us. such +（形容词）名词 +as to do sth so + 形容词/副词 + as to do sth
8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. (adverbial) 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of
bed. (adverbial) 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled
若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 •Early to rise and early to bed is a good habit． •When and where to hold the party hasn’t been decided. •When to hold the party and where to hold the party haven’t _________been decided.
源自文库
2.作宾语
1)．不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want,
decide, intend, expect, learn, manage, plan, promise, refuse, threaten, fail, wish, hope, pretend, choose等等。 I mean to go there at once. I hope to finish the work in time. I plan to go to Beijing this summer. 2).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语， 往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式 宾语。句型为“主语+find (feel, think, believe, consider,etc) +it+形容词/名词+to do sth”。 I think it our duty to obey the laws. I found it difficult to see him here.
Identify its function.
想一想
1. It is good to help others. (subject) 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all public buildings. (subject) 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. (predicative)
3. ____ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. (2006 广东） A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making
Why not have a rest?
(9) 不定式的省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词. e.g.: ---Would you like to go with me ? ---Yes, I’d like to. (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
e.g.: ---Would you like to be a teacher? ---Yes, I’d like to be. (3) —I didn’t tell him the news. —Oh, you ought to have (told him the news).
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. (attribute) 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. (attribute) 6. A big company has decided to buy it from me. (object) 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (object)
4．作宾语补足语 •He asked me to go with him. •He didn’t allow me to go out alone. 【注意】在感官动词（see, hear, feel, listen to , notice, watch, observe等）和使役动词let, have， make 后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变 成被动语态时，必须带to。 •I saw him play in the park. •→He was seen to play in the park. •The boss made those men work day and night. •→Those men were made to work day and night. •I heard her sing today． •→ She was heard to sing today．
3. 表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作 状语, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wrong, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。
eg: I’m glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.
3) 不定式用在介词but, except, 后时,如果这些介词 前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式 不带to,相反则带to. (1). She could do nothing but cry. (2).There is nothing to do but wait. (3). I have no choice but to go.
1. 作主语 2. 作宾语 3. 作宾语补足语 4. 作定语 5. 作状语 6. 作表语 7. 作独立成分
8. 与疑问词等连用
1 不定式作主语 (subject)
谓语动词用单数形式。 To see is to believe. To keep smiling is healthy for you. It’s important to learn English well.
people. (object complement)
Quiz II Multiple Choice 1. I don’t know whether you happen ____, but I’m going to study in the USA this September. (2004 辽宁）
He didn’t know what to say.
How to solve the problem is very important. My question is when to start.
注意： •在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简 短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
1. something, anything, nothing, everything, no one 等 不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. I have something to say. 动宾关系 He is not a man to tell lies. 主谓关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 同位关系 与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如不定式是不及物 动词，则需加介词。 write on (write)? Can you give some paper to _________ I have no jewelry to _________(wear). wear live in He is looking for a room to ____________ (live). play with (play). He needs a friend to __________ choose from There are three pairs of shoes for you to _________ (choose).
(4).独立结构作状语
To tell (you) the truth, I don’t agree with you. 类似的结构 •to be frank, •to be honest (with you), •to make things worse,
(8)不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、 表语、宾语等。
※(5). 定语
2. 当名词被the first ,the last, the only 等词以及形容 词最高级修饰时 eg: She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
6.作状语
不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或
条件。 如; 不定式作目的状语时，常可与to, in order to, so as to 连用。 I came here to see you. （目的） He got up early so as not to be late. 不定式可以跟在表语的形容词之后作状语。 The question is difficult to answer.。