硕士研究生英语学位课统考模拟试卷
最新大学考试复习资料-研究生英语学位考试模拟题一
研究生英语学位考试模拟试卷(一)II. Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.16. The noise was so faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from.a frighteningb generalc loud d indistinct17. The clerk had to break off the conversation in order to await on a customer.a interruptb hurryc continued begin18. The new tax law is explicit; that type of certificate is tax exempt.a definiteb deficientc harshd imprecise19.Most high school students look up to the star player on the football team.a envyb respectc trustd pursue20. His winning the award was the highest attainment of his career.a desireb spectaclec achievementd joy21. He was able to mend the cup and saucer.a washb repairc decorated mold22. It is ridiculous to become angry with such an insignificant matter.a sinfulb tragicc absurd d unpardonable23. The crowd swelled until the noise made could be heard for miles.a shoutedb cheeredc grewd scattered24. The flowers will wither in a few hours.a blossomb dry upc opend revive25. The automobile's exhaust system gave off foul smelling fumes.a attractedb neutralizedc emitted d condensedSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four choices given to best complete each sentence.26. Unless all staff members agree to _____ to the plan, there may be further changes in the course of action.a inferb preferc adhered assure27. It is hard to reconcile his splendid speech _____ his actual behavior.a tob withc ond from28. Advertisements may arouse a strong wish for something; how the need is filled will probably be ______ theindividual.a on tob up toc as tod down to29. ______ I like very much to do science, as a teacher I have to go over the students' papers and theses.a As far asb So farc Much asd In so far as30. We all argued with him not to sign the contract with that company, but _____.a to no purposeb to good purposec on the spotd in good shape31. Plato's teachings had a profound _____ on Aristotle.a effectb affectc affectationd take32. The professor tried to _____ interest in archaeology by taking his students on expedition.a encourageb stimulatec diminishd take33. He is among those lucky Chinese students who have won_____ to first -rate U.S. universities.a permissionb professionc admittanced admission34. Probability is the mathematical study of the_____ of an event's occurrence.a likelihoodb desirabilityc predictabilityd malleability35. Under the director-responsibility system, the party secretary's task is to fully support the director in his work and ______ the Party's policies are observed and State quota met.a to see tob see to itc see to it thatd to see to itIII. Close Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.A democratic country is obliged to give some thought to the question of who is allowed to vote. In Britain, the ..36.. is extended to all people over the age of twenty-one with some exceptions. ..37.. attaining this age, men and women acquire all kinds of responsibilities from ..38.. younger people are free. In times of National Emergency, however, the ..39.. age at which a young man may be called ..40.. to bear arms is eighteen. ..41.. it should not be surprising that some people argue that if a young man is old enough to die for his country, he is old enough to have a voice in his ..42.. . At first sight, this argument may appear formidable. Before we demand that changes ..43.. in the existing law, however, we must ask ourselves whether we ..44.. have not fallen victims of a logical fallacy. What qualities are needed in a soldier? He must, ..45.., be physically fit, some branches of the service will make intensive ..46.. upon his agility and powers of physical endurance. He should be courageous, resourceful and alert. he should understand and ..47.. discipline and be ..48.., on occasion, to obey an order not because he understands or approves of it, but because it is order. What qualities, on the other hand, must we at least hope to find in a voter?最新大学考试必备复习资料The ability to reason must be placed high on the list. If a man is easily taken ..49.. by emotional traps, he will not be able to make ..50..judgments. His experience of life must surely be fairly extensive before we can place such power in his hands.36. a privilege b ability c chance d duty37. a On b Before c After d At38. a those b them c which d that39. a best b maximum c minimum d possible40. a up b upon c in d out41.a However b Moreover c Nevertheless d Therefore42.a business b affairs c matters d things43. a should make b are made c will be made d be made44. a must b can c may d ought to45.a obviously b apparently c seemingly d matter-of-fact46.a requirements b expectations c commands d demands47.a approve of b take c receive d accept48.a willing b ready c likely d easy49.a after b over c in d up50.a sensitive b sensible c sentimental d sensationalIV. Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points)Direction: In this part of the test, there are five short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on y Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1The struggle for health and safety standards for industrial workers has produced an interesting and some what unexpected controversy; some workers do not want obligatory protection, particularly if it means that they will not be allowed to do certain kinds of jobs. For example, a number of industries are refusing to let women work in certain areas because of possible danger of their children they should become pregnant. Many women feel that this is discriminatory and that they should be allowed to decide for themselves if a particular job poses a risk. They argue, in particular, that such regulations are unfair because (1) many of the women workers, whether single or married, do not intend to have children, and (2) many are beyond childbearing age. Management spokesmen, on the other hand, say that they do not want to be responsible for the possible impairment of a child and that they will fight to comply with the health and safety standards which have been recommended for the protection of women.51. A controversy has arisen because of rules _____.a for scientists to deal with Health Protectionb that astronauts must find new materials to work withc about where women can workd concerning families that work52. Many women think obligatory protection ______.a is discriminatory towards themb causes a risk to unborn childrenc is hazardous to their healthd won't make a difference to them53. Taking health and safety precautions is _______.a up to the workersb the responsibility of managementc the women's' problemd mostly not needed54. Some industries refuse to let women work in certain area ____.a because they could make too much moneyb so they won't be injuredc so their families won't have problemsd because of possible danger to an unborn childPassage 2We knew Sylvia and Jack had had problems with their flat, but he had not been told the details. Not until they came for a weekend in September. At dinner on the Friday evening, Kitty said, "You wrote that the flat wasn't quite what you expected. We imagined the worst, like horrid neighbors or rising damp. Of course, it could be just too small. You're sharing with another couple, aren't you?" "We're sharing, Mother," Slvia replied. "It really wasn't necessary," Jack explained proudly. "I've had a substantial rise, and we can easily manage. It's much better to be independent." "Oh ," I agreed. "What was the trouble?" Kitty asked, impatient and unwilling to let go. "Nothing much," Sylvia said. "The flat's fine. It was the other couple, Sally and Tom Ford. You've never seen such an untidy pair. We shared the sitting-room and the kitchen and the bathroom and got fed up with the mess of it all." "And what make it worse," Jack put in, "was that they accused us of the same sort of thing. Tom and I nearly came to blows when he locked up some of their wedding presents we were all using, as they used ours, naturally." "You take a chance when you make a sharing arrangement," Kitty said, "unless you've known the other people a along time. Were they always disorganized like that, or did it start suddenly? Something might have upset the girl." "I knew h for thee s at college, Mother. She seemed all right then, I had the shock of my life when I saw how she and Tom lived." "I never realized you were so particular, my dear," Kitty said with a smile. "I am, in my own flat," Sylvia said. "Sally and Tom left a month ago." "We could he left instead," Jack said. "But why should we? After all, the flat was in our names, not theirs. We were glad to see the back of them."55. What did Kitty hope to do the weekend in September?a Look for a large flat for Sylvia.b Get to know the neighbors better.c Find out what went wrong in Sylvia's flat.d Do something to cure the dampness of Sylvia's flat.56. When Sylvia said they "were sharing" (Para. 3), she meant that _____.a they had never agreed about sharingb They had shared and were still sharingc they intended to share in the futured They were no longer sharing57. Jack was pleased to announce that _______.a he was now earning a higher salaryb they would soon move to a much better flatc they rent of the flat had just been reducedd they had paid off all their debts58. According to Sylvia, what was wrong with the other couple?a They were nervous and over-anxious to please.b They caused a lot of trouble over nothing.c They were too disorderly to live with.最新大学考试必备复习资料d They were falsely accused of being dirty.59. When Tom locked up the presents, ______.a Jack smashed some of the thingsb he and Jack almost started to fightc he took a few that belonged to Sylvia and Jackd Jack decided to break the lock60. What was Jack's opinion about leaving the flat?a He would have given it up, but Sylvia disagreed.b He thought they would have to clean it up before leaving.c He wanted to live there but did not have an agreement.d He was not willing to give it up.Passage 3As everyone knows, words constantly take on new meanings. Since these do not necessarily, nor even usually, take the place of the old ones, we should picture this process as the analogy of a tree throwing out new branches which themselves throw out subordinate branches. The new branches sometimes overshadow and kill the old ones but by no means always. We shall again and again find the earliest senses of a word flourishing for centuries despite a vast overgrowth of later senses which might be expected to kill them.When a word has several meanings, historical circumstances often make one of them dominant during a particular period. Thus "station" is now more likely to mean a railway-station than anything else; "speculation" more likely to bear its financial sense than any other. Until this century "plane" had as its dominant meaning "a flat surface" or "a carpenter's tool to make a surface smooth", but the meaning "an airplane" is dominant now. The dominant sense of a word lies uppermost in our minds. Whenever we meet the word, our natural impulse is to give it that sense. We are often deceived. In an old author the word many mean something different.One of my aims is to make the reading of old books easy as far as certain words are concerned. If we read an old poem with insufficient regard for the change of the dictionary meanings of words we won't be able to understand the poem the old author intended. And to avoid this, knowledge is necessary. We see good words or good senses of words losing their edge or more rarely getting a new edge that serves some different purpose. "Verbicide, "the murder of a word, happens in many ways. Inflation is the commonest: those who taught us to say "awfully" for "very", "tremendous" for "great", and "unthinkable" for "undesirable" were verbicides. I should be glad if I sent any reader away with a sense of responsibility to the language. It is unnecessary to think we can do nothing about it. Our conversation will have little effect, but if we get into print perhaps especially if we are leader-writers or reporters -- we can help to strengthen or weaken some disastrous words, can encourage a good and resist a bad Americanism. For many things the press prints today will be taken up by a great mass of people in few years.61. In the first paragraph author believes _____.a only old words take on new meaningsb a tree throws out new branches as the words pick up new meanings.c works obtain new meanings from time to time.d it is possible for the old words to lose their old senses62. By mentioning the tree throwing out new branches, the author hopes to ____.a stress the natural phenomenab picture the process of growth of new branchesc explain what the analogy isd illustrate his view in a clearer way63. In the author's opinion, the earliest senses of a word _______.a are always overshadowed and discarded by the later sensesb still thrived for several hundred years in spite of an overgrowth of later sensesc might be expected to be killed soond would overgrow the later senses64. The dominant meaning of a word is often determined by ______.a historical circumstancesb a particular periodc our mindsd our natural impulse65. We are often cheated by some words because ______.a their dominant meanings have not been determinedb sometimes they mean something different from their dominant meaningsc our natural impulse makes a mistaked the dominant sense of a word is not accurate in our minds66. In the author's view, if someone taught us to say "awfully" for "very" _______.a we were advised not to accept itb we were getting a new edge for different purposec we saw an example of a good word being misusedd we saw a word serving for different purpose67. In the last paragraph, the author thinks that ______.a we can do nothing about it unless we get into printb we should take responsibility to the language if necessaryc our conversation has little effect on the situation because we haven't got into printd a great mass of people will accept what the press prints so that we can encourage good and resist the badPassage 4If an occupation census had been taken in the eleventh century it would probably have revealed that quite 90 per cent of the people were county inhabitants who drew their livelihood from farming, herding, fishing or the forest. An air photograph taken at that time would have revealed spotted villages, linked together by surfaced roads and separated by expanses of forest of swamp. There were some towns, but few of them housed more than 10,000 persons. A second picture. Taken in the mid-fourteenth century would show that the villages had grown, more numerous, and also more widespread, for Europeans had pushed their frontier outward by settling new areas. There would be more people on the roads, rivers and seas, carrying food or raw materials to towns which had increased in number, size and importance. But a photograph taken about 1450 would reveal that little further expansion had taken place during hundred years. Any attempt to describe the countryside during those centuries is prevented by two difficulties. In the first place we have to examine the greater part of Europe's 3,750,000 square miles, and not merely the Mediterranean lands. In the second place the inhabitants of that wide expanse refuse to fit into our standard pattern or to stand still. In 1450, most Europeans probably lived in villages, but some regions were so hilly, lacking in good soil, or heavily timbered that villages could not keep going, and settlement was that of solitary herdsmen or shepherds. Some areas had better access to market than others and were therefore more involved in commercial agriculture than in farming. Large landowners were more likely than small landlords to run their estates and especially their domains more systematically -- and also to keep those records from which we learn most of what we know about the subject. Some areas had never been quite feudalized; their farmers were more free from最新大学考试必备复习资料lordship and even from landlordship. Some regions had been recently settled, and their tenants had been offered liberal terms of tenure in order to lure them into the wilderness. Finally, there was a time element; the expansion and prosperity that characterized the period from the twelfth to the fifteenth century produced or maintained conditions which were unsuitable to the stormier days preceding or the lean ones following it.68. By 1350, as compared with three hundred years earlier, Europeans had, according to the passage, _______ .a made several geographical discoveriesb cut down more trees and expanded the farmingc made their territory largerd dug more canals to water the land69. Expansion in Europe between 1350 and 1450 ______.a was less than in the three hundred years up to 1350.b was considerablec continued at roughly the same rate as befored was more than that from 1000 to 135070. It is difficult to describe the countryside during the period under consideration, because the inhabitants _______.a often did not fit the conformity of their societyb sometimes changed their system of lifec move around too much to study properlyd left no documents71. The owners of large estates tended to _____.a leave their land and settle into he townb treat their tenants badlyc write down information about their landsd work on the land by themselves72. Some landlords make agreements comparatively favorable to farmers because they wanted them to ______.a pay more rentb farm new landc be feudalizedd work harder73. By 1450 people in general had become, by comparison with earlier times, _________.a richerb poorerc more turbulentd more feudalizedPassage 5Why are so many people so afraid of failure? Quite simply because no one tells us how to fail so that failure becomes an experience that will lead to growth. We forget that failure is part of the human condition and that, as the family therapist Virginis Satir observes, "every person has the right to fail." Most parents work hard at either preventing failure or protecting their children from the knowledge that they have failed. One way is to lower standards. A mother describes her child's hastily made table as "Perfect!" even though it wobbles on uneven legs. Another way is to shift blame. If John fails science, his teacher is unfair of stupid. When one of my daughters was ten, she decided to raise money for charity by holding a carnival. Proud of her, we rashly allowed her to put posters all over town. We realized too late that she couldn't possibly handle all the refreshments, shows, and games promised in the posters. The whole family pitched in to prevent embarrassing failure -- and the next year she advertised an even more ambitious event. Why not? We had kept her from discovering her limitations. The troublewith failure-prevention devices is that they leave a child unequipped for life in the real world. The young need to learn that no one can be best at everything, no one can win all the time and that it's possible to enjoy a game even when you don't win. A child who's not invited to a birthday party, who doesn't make the honor roll or the baseball team, feels terrible, of course. But parents should not offer a quick consolation prize or say, "It doesn't matter" because it does. The youngster should be allowed to experience disappointment -- and then be helped to master it.Failure is never pleasurable. It hurts adults and children alike. But it can make a positive contribution to your life once you learn to use it. Step one is to ask "Why did I fail?" Resist the natural impulse to blame someone else. Ask yourself what you did wrong, how you can improve. If someone else can help, don't be shy about inquiring. When I was a teenager, I failed to get a job I'd counted on. I telephoned the interviewer to ask why. "Because you came ten minutes late. "I was told, "We can't afford employees who waste other people's time." The explanation was reassuring (I hadn't been rejected as a person) and helpful, too. I don't think I've been late for anything since.Success, which encourages repetition of old behavior, is not nearly as good a teacher as failure. You can learn from a disastrous party how to give a good one, from an ill-chosen first house what to look for in a second. Even a failure that seems definitive can prompt fresh thinking, a change of direction. After twelve years of studying ballet a friend of mine auditioned for a professional company. She was turned down. "Would further training help?" she asked. The ballet master shook his head. "You will never be a dancer," he said, "You haven't the body for it."In such cases, the way to use failure is to take stock courageously, asking "What have I left? What else can I do?" My friend put away her toe shoes and moved into dance therapy, a field where she's both competent and useful.Failure frees one to take risks because there's less of lose. Often there's a resurgence of energy -- an awareness of new possibilities.74. Which of the following would be the best title for this selection?a Teaching Your Child to Succeedb Learning from Failurec How to Be Successfuld Why We Are So Afraid of Failure75. Which sentence best expresses the central point of the selection?a Success can come only after many failures.b no one can succeed all the time.c Everyone appreciates a good loser.d use every failure as an opportunity for growth and improvement.76. According tot he passage _______.a parents need to help their children avoid failureb parents should help their children discover their limitationsc parents should be aware of their children's limitationsd parents should tell their children about their limitations77. Many people are afraid of failure because ______.a they have not been taught to view it as a learning experienceb our society does not tolerate failurec they do not have what it takes to succeedd it is the ultimate fear that human beings have78. The author implies that we can learn from our failures _____.a more than from our successesb once we ask ourselves why we did wrong最新大学考试必备复习资料c and never fail againd but not from the failures of others79. The author implies that success ______ .a prepares us for life in the real worldb provides us with much more freedom than failure doesc is all that really mattersd doesn't encourage new thinking80. The author implies that failure _________.a almost always leads to more failureb provides an opportunity to try new experiencesc make us afraid to take risksd hurts children more than adultsV. Translation (40 minutes, 20 points)Section A(20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.The aim of science is to describe the world in orderly language, in such a way that we can, if possible, foresee the results of those alternative causes of action between which we are always choosing. The kind of order which our description has is entirely one of convenience. Our purpose is always to predict. Of course, it is most convenient if we can find an order by cause and effect; it makes our choice simple; but it is not essential. There is of course nothing sacred about the causal form of natural law. We are accustomed to this form, until it has become our standard of what every natural law ought to look like.Section B (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Put the following passage into English. Write your English version in the proper space on Answer Sheet II.全世界科学家与科学机构日益趋向于更为密切合作. 这是因为当前研究工作愈来愈复杂, 研究范围也愈来愈广, 因此产生了雇佣大批科技人员进行研究方案的大规模组织.这就必然导致许多科研工程的开展超越了国界.VI. Writing (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Write a composition of no less than 120 words on the following topic. Use the proper space on Answer Sheet II.Topic: State Schools in ChinaThere are all kinds of schools in China. Give a general classification and description of themII. Vocabulary (0.5 point each)Section ASection BIII. Cloze test (1 point each)IV. Reading comprehension (1 point each)Paper Two科学的宗旨是用有条理的语言来描述世界, 通过这种描述, 使我们在可能条件下, 能预测出我们往往要从中作出抉择的那些行为过程的结果. 我们描述事物时所遵循的条理性, 完全是从方便考虑. 我们的目的的总是为了预测. 当然, 如果我们能找到一种按因果关系排列的条理性, 那就最为方便了, 它使我们的抉择变得简单, 但这并不是绝对必要的.自然定律的因果形式当然没有什么神圣的地方.我们习惯于这种形式, 它已成为我们认识每一自然定律的标准.There has been an increasing trend twoeards closer cooperations between scientists and scientific institutions all over the world. The main reason is the growing complextity and widening scope of present-day research. Which has resulted in the creation of large organizations employing great numbers of scientists and technologists in programmes of research. This has inevitably led to the extension of many items of research beyond national boundaries.。
研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.A．occurred at the same time asB．collided withC．was necessitated byD．was similar to正确答案：A解析：A项occurred at the same time as“刚好巧合(二者同时发生)，一致”，与划线词相近。
B项collide with“与……相撞”；C项was necessitated by“因……成为必要”；D项was similar to“与……相似”。
2．When he was in Congress, Joseph Martin, Jr., of Massachusetts was noted for keeping in touch with his constituents.A．cooperatingB．connivingC．celebratingD．communicating正确答案：D解析：D项communicate“保持联系，联系”，与划线词意义相近。
A项cooperate “合作”；B项connive“默许，纵容”；C项celebrate“庆祝”。
3．How long an animal or plant can live is governed by heredity, environment, and chance.A．historyB．geneticsC．climateD．altitude正确答案：B解析：B项genetics“遗传”，与划线词最相近。
A项history和genetics、heredity 多少有关；C项climate和D项altitude有一定的干扰性，因为似乎可以放入空中而与environment并列，但显然不合题意。
4．The doctor maneuvered the instrument skillfully to examine the patient.A．manipulatedB．manufacturedC．performedD．moved正确答案：A解析：A项manipulate“操纵”，与划线词意义相近。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟训练卷(1)
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试《英语二》模拟训练卷（1）下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
材料题根据以下材料，回答1-20题Consumers and producers obviously make decisions that mold the economy,but there is a third major 1 to consider:the role of ernment has a powerful 2 on the economy.The postal system,for example,is a federal system 3 the entire nation,as is the large and complex establishment.Conversely,the 4 and maintenance of most highways is the responsibility of the individual states,and the public educational systems, 5 a large funding role by the federal government,are primarily 6 for by state or city governments.Police and fire protection and sanitation services are also the 7 of local government.The government regulates and controls private enterprise,in many ways,for the 8 of assuring that business serves the best interests of the people 9 a whole.Regulation is 10 in areas where private enterprise is 11 a monopoly,such as in telephone or electric service.Public policy 12 such companies to make a reasonable profit, 13 limits their ability to raise prices unfairly since the pubic depends on their services.Often control is exercised to protect the public,as for example,when the Food and Drug Administration bans 14 drugs,or requires standards of 15 in food.Branches of government including Congress attempt to control the extremes of boom and bust of inflation and depression,by 16 tax rates,the money supply,and the use of credit.They can also 17 the economy through changes in the amount of public spending by the government itself.The government 18 businesses and individuals with many kinds of help.For example,tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively 19 of foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed 20 American products are able to compete better with certain foreign goods.1.【完形填空】第1题选A.economyB.horrorC.magnifierD.element正确答案：D2.【完形填空】第2题选A.estimationB.evaluationC.effectD.role正确答案：C3.【完形填空】第3题选A.supplyingB.servingC.providingD.offering正确答案：B4.【完形填空】第4题选A.instrumentB.structureC.instructionD.construction正确答案：D5.【完形填空】第5题选A.besidesB.despiteC.beyondD.under正确答案：B6.【完形填空】第7题选A.responsibilitiesB.aimsC.tasksD.options正确答案：A7.【完形填空】第8题选A.assertionB.purposepensationD.assumption正确答案：B8.【完形填空】第6题选A.spentB.takenC.paidD.supported正确答案：C9.【完形填空】第9题选A.inB.asC.onD.for正确答案：B10.【完形填空】第10题选A.optionalB.necessaryelessD.flexible正确答案：B11.【完形填空】第11题选A.grantedB.offeredC.allocatedD.appointed正确答案：A12.【完形填空】第12题选A.resentsB.admitsC.preventsD.permits正确答案：D13.【完形填空】第13题选A.andB.butC.soD.or正确答案：B14.【完形填空】第14题选A.harmfulB.beneficalC.excellentD.qualified正确答案：A15.【完形填空】第15题选A.facultyB.quantityC.qualityD.qualification正确答案：C16.【完形填空】第16题选A.raisingB.assessingC.adoptingD.adjusting正确答案：D17.【完形填空】第17题选A.affectB.sustainC.maintainD.boost正确答案：A18.【完形填空】第18题选A.offersB.providesC.givesD.grants正确答案：B19.【完形填空】第19题选A.reliableB.freeC.applicablepetitive正确答案：B20.【完形填空】第20题选A.in caseB.only ifC.in thatD.so that正确答案：D下列每小题的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题意的正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。
研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷20(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. VOCABULARY 3. CLOZE 4. READING COMPREHENSION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.听力原文：1. W: You look very happy. Any good news?M: My paper has got the thumbs up from my adviser. Q: What does the man mean?2. W: Tom performed poorly this morning. I want to talk to him. M: You can’t do that now. He is in a bad mood.Q: Why can’t the woman talk to Tom now?3. W: You used to complain a lot about your boss. But today is different. M: We had a heart-to-heart talk and I saw him with new eyes.Q: What does the man mean?4. W: I didn’t see you at the concert last night. What’s wrong with you? M: That’s not my cup of tea.Q: What does the man mean?5. M: Oh, my gosh. The newcomer must be a nuisance.W: Don’t forget that you always take someone at face value. Q: What does the woman think about the man?1．A．His paper is a good gift to the advisor.B．His paper has been rejected by the advisor.C．His paper has been revised by the advisor.D．His paper has got the advisor’s approval.正确答案：D解析：女士说：你看上去很高兴，有什么好消息吗?男士说：我的导师对我的论文很满意。
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟测试
2024年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一)模拟测试Section I: Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C, or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Text:In todays interconnected world, the role of technology in shaping our daily lives has become increasingly prominent. With the advent of smart devices and the Internet of Things (IoT), we are now able to perform tasks with unprecedented efficiency and convenience. However, the benefits of this technological revolution come with their own set of challenges, particularly when it comes to privacy and security.- Privacy concerns have risen sharply in recent years, as more and more personal data is collected and stored online. This data, ranging from browsing history to financial information, is a goldmine for hackers and cybercriminals. 1 the potential risks, individuals and organizations alike must take proactive measures to protect themselves.- One way to combat these threats is through the use ofstrong passwords and two-factor authentication. Yet, these methods alone are 2 insufficient. Regular software updates, which often include security patches, are equally important. Neglecting these updates can leave devices vulnerable to attacks.- Moreover, awareness and education play a crucial role in enhancing cybersecurity. Many cyber attacks are successful because users are not aware of the 3 tactics employed by cybercriminals. By educating users on how to recognize phishing emails, malicious websites, and other forms of cyber threats, we can significantly reduce the risk of successful attacks.- Another aspect of cybersecurity is the need for 4 policies and regulations. Governments and international organizations must work together to develop and enforce strict guidelines that protect the privacy and security of individuals online. This includes ensuring that data is collected, stored, and processed in a manner that is both ethical and legal.- Finally, collaboration between the public and private sectors is essential in the fight against cybercrime. By sharing information and resources, both sectors can more effectively 5 emerging threats and respond to incidents. This includesincident response teams, threat intelligence sharing, and joint training exercises.In conclusion, cybersecurity is a complex and ever-evolving field that requires a multi-faceted approach. By combining strong passwords, regular updates, awareness and education, robust policies, and public-private collaboration, we can build a safer and more secure digital world.Questions:1. A) DespiteB) Despite ofC) In spiteD) In spite ofAnswer: D) In spite ofExplanation: In spite of is a prepositional phrase used to introduce a contrast, meaning although or even though. It correctly completes the sentence by acknowledging the potential risks despite their existence.2. A) inherentlyB) increasinglyC) predominantlyD) undoubtedlyAnswer: A) inherentlyExplanation: Inherently means something is an essential or fundamental part of something else. Here, it suggests that strong passwords and two-factor authentication, while important, are not enough on their own to provide complete security.3. A) sophisticatedB) straightforwardC) outdatedD) rudimentaryAnswer: A) sophisticatedExplanation: Sophisticated refers to something that is complex, advanced, or highly developed. It correctly describes the tactics employed by cybercriminals, which are often complex and difficult to detect.4. A) ambiguousB) comprehensiveC) vagueD) simplisticAnswer: B) comprehensiveExplanation: Comprehensive means including all or nearly all elements or aspects of something. Here, it refers to theneed for policies and regulations that cover all aspects of cybersecurity, ensuring that individuals privacy and security are adequately protected.5. A) anticipateB) endureC) eliminateD) exacerbateAnswer: A) anticipateExplanation: Anticipate means to foresee or expect something to happen. In this context, it correctly describes the need for both the public and private sectors to work together to predict and prepare for emerging cyber threats.。
2020研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题1
研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题（1）GENRAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一（Paper one）包括听力理解、词汇、完型填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper two）包括翻译和写作两部分，共3题。
此外，试卷分A、B卷，请考生注意在答题卡上标出自己的试卷类型。
二、试卷一（题号1-80）为客观评分题（听力Section C 部分除外），答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间画黑道，如 [A][B][C][D]。
三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。
答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。
四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号（听力Section C部分除外），答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。
五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，采用试卷一和试卷二分卷计时的办法。
试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
试卷二共计时60分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。
每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考老师收点试卷及答题纸。
全部考试结束后，须待监考老师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本次考试结束，方可离开考场。
PAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension (25miniutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.1. A. To brush up her English at home.B. To be praised by her peers.C. To become her teacher’s favorite student.D. To care more for other subjects.2. A. Have a picnic. B. Play with her pets.C. See a movie.D. Stay at home.3. A. It’s a piece of cake. B. She has no idea.C. She already knows the answer.D. It’s beyond her expectation.4. A. Write a short mail to him. B. Chat with him on line.C. Telephone him.D. Text him soon.5. A. The poster looks better without the frame. B. The poster is not worth the money.C. The poster costs very little.D. The poster is very eye-catching.6. A. 14. B. 10.C. 65.D. 24.7. A. She is too busy. B. She can pass the exam next time.C. She doesn’t work very hard.D. She should be better prepared.8. A. exercise more frequently. B. Take less medicine each day.C. Try a new type of pain-killer.D. Have her back examined.9. A. George was not playing well. B. George always loses temper easily.C. George should have won the match.D. George is no match for his opponent.Section B (I point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. Aftereach question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Mini-talk one10 A. 18-21. B. 22-25. C. 30-50. D. 70-80.11. A. Because older people become more thankful for what they have.B. Because older people spend less time in deep thinking.C. Because older people forget things more frequently.D. Because older people tend to be more reliable.12. A. Middle aged women had increased sleep problems.B. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.C. Being single affected the levels of happiness.D. Sleep quality declined as people got older.Mini-talk two13. A. High temperatures. B. Too much weight on the roof.C. The lack of rich soil.D. Sufficient watering system.14. A. They are normally painted green. B. They shorten the life of houses.C. They reduce energy consumption.D. They are used as water tanks.15. A. They need little water. B. They normally grow faster.C. They are less costly to grow.D. They could absorb more water.Section C (1point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recordingyou are asked to write down your answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25seconds to read the notes below.（请在录音结束后把第16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. Compliments are so good that they can heal your _____________ (2 words).17. Unless you seem sincere when you give compliments during a conversation, you’re not goingto get _____________ (3 words) from that person.18. After giving specific compliments, you should follow that _____________ (3 words).19. Adding compliments in front of people makes people respected and feel _____________ (4words).20. Last, avoid _____________ (2 words) with envy.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C,and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scoring Answer Sheet21. Values play as much a role in tackling the national challenges as smart policies.A. addressingB. minimizingC. reinforcingD. stabilizing22. Despite her attempt to look happy, her behavior at the party struck me as odd.A. attackedB. imposedC. deemedD. impressed23. The intimate relationship between human beings and speech is not restricted to sound.A. ascribedB. confinedC. subjectedD. related24. This young man took a law degree with distinction and found a job in a well.A. differenceB. perfectionC. separationD. honor25. Differences in culture and values will give rise to conflict of ideas and tastes.A. outbreakB. assimilationC. clashD. harmony26. Unpleasant symptoms can cause the smoker to resume smoking to raise the levels ofnicotine in the blood.A. let downB. go aboutC. drop offD. return to27. With the progress in medicine, it is no longer difficult to attain old age.A. evadeB. reachC. postponeD. retard28. Before national day, these musicians some songs in honor of this special occasion.A. in celebration ofB. in respect ofC. in case ofD. in excess of29. Japan, after spectacular post-war economic growth, became the world’s second-biggesteconomy.A. superficialB. amazingC. virtualD. genuine30. This book gives a very particular account of the important battles during WWII.A. specialB. strangeC. detailedD. exceptionalSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C, and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet31. Dozens of people were trapped for hours in the ________ of the train, but all have beentaken to safety.A. wreckageB. bandageC. cottageD. hostage32. The doctor advised me to increase my intake of healthy foods that can ________ heartdisease.A. give offB. pay offC. set offD. ward off33. The participants of the meeting discussed, ________, the future of the oil industry.A. from now onB. in the wayC. among other thingsD. on their mind34. Obama’s remarks were his most ________ description of how his personal religious beliefsfactor into his decision-making.A. externalB. extinctC. explicitD. executive35. Many United States teenagers ________ the road without receiving driver s’ education.A. beatB. hitC. strikeD. knock36. The ocean _______ 70 percent of the earth’s surface, but contains about 20 percent of theEarth’s total estimated species.A. takes upB. fixes upC. stirs upD. patches up37. With the _______ of a mouse, you can instantly get to see all the information you wantonline.A. crackB. clickC. chipD. clap38. Businesses of all sizes possess some type of _______ culture consisting of a set of valuesand goals.A. desperateB. corporateC. deliberateD. moderate39. When asked to disclose financial ties to drug companies, many doctors will ________ suchinformation.A. withdrawB. withstandC. witherD. withhold40. There is no exception ________ the rule that every rule has an exception.A. forB. onC. toD. inPart III Close Test (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked by A, B,C, or D for each blank inthe passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you’ve chosenwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetAn ecosystem is defined as an ecological community together with its environment, functioning as a unit. To be more ___41__, an ecosystem is a complex set of relationships among the living resources, ___42___, and residents of an area, composed of organisms that work together to remain healthy ___43___ energy is exchanged and system-level processes emerge. The ecosystem serves as the level of biological organization in which organisms __44__ simultaneously with each other and with their environment. As such, ecosystems are a level above that of the ecological community but are at a level below the __45__, which is essentially the largest of all possible ecosystems.The thing about ecosystems is that they are __46__ fragile and intensely complicated. If you influence the smallest variable, then it changes the __47__. This is why global warming is such a big issue, __48__ whether we created it or not. Ecosystems will change; however, if they change radically enough, our way of life will forever be affected. It is sad to think that future generations will not have the __49__ of witnessing these little creatures as we have in our lifetime. You have to go to preservations to witness the wildlife that __50__ be an everyday occurrence.41. A. realistic B. frank C. honest D. specific42. A. habits B. habitats C. inhabitants D. inhibitors43. A. in case B. if only C. but for D. so that44. A. interact B. concern C. interfere D. coincide45. A. biofuel B. biodiversity C. biosphere D. biochemistry46. A. concisely B. inherently C. robustly D. industriously47. A. whole B. entire C. all D. total48. A. along with B. due to C. regardless of D. as to49. A. trouble B. privilege C. time D. willingness50. A. was about B. had better C. used to D. would ratherPART IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this section, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked byA, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squarebrackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetPassage OneResearchers may have found a solution to the annoying gender-wage gap: tell all the male CEOs to have more babies. And only child daughters, to be precise.A new, not-yet-published study that tracked 12 years of wage data in Denmark finds that when male CEOs had daughters, their female employees’ wages went up 1.3 percent while their male employees only gained 0.8 percent raises. The study’s authors – from Aalborg University in Denmark, the University of Maryland, and Columbia – found that women’s wages were boosted even more if the daughter was the first child of the CEO. The researchers found that the birth of a first daughter to a male CEO “resulted in a 1.4 percent increase in women’s wages, and an approximately 0.8 percent decrease in the gender wage gap. If the first daughter was also a first child, the gender wage gap would decrease by roughly 2.8 percent.” If a second daughter was born to a male CEO, women’s wages were not significantly affected. “Thus, our results suggest that the first daughter ‘flips a switch’ in the mind of a male CEO, causing him to attend more to equality in gender-related wage policies,” they write.David Gaddis Ross, co-author of the study and an assistant professor at Columbia’s Business School, said he would love to do a similar study in the United States, but there is no way the data would be available. “Getting this information in the United States would be wildly difficult, especially on the family structure of the CEOs,”he said. The Denmark data did not reveal names of individuals or companies, but each employee of every company in the country is attached to a code that researchers could use to find gender, number of children, salary, and other information such as home address and phone number.The study is not the first to examine how having a daughter affects men’s decision-making. Ebonya Washington wrote in a study published in the American Economic Review in 2008 that U.S. legislators were more likely to vote more liberally on women’s reproductive issues if they had daughters. Another study found that parents with daughters were more likely to adopt feminist views on gender equality.51. According to the study, if the first child of the CEO was a daughter, the decrease of thegender wage gap was ________.A. 0.8%B. 1.3%C. 1.4%D. 2.8%52. The Denmark study finds that male CEOs with daughters may ________.A. better respect female privacyB. better promote gender equalityC. give more chances for womenD. hire more female employees53. According to David Ross, a similar study in the U.S. ________.A. will soon be underwayB. may produce similar resultsC. is unnecessary and costlyD. is unlikely to be carried out.54. Which of the following information about the CEOs is most difficult to get in the U.S.?A. Real income.B. Phone number.C. Family structure.D. Home address.55. The findings of the three studies mentioned in the passage ________.A. have little in commonB. seem to be confusingC. agree well with each otherD. are somewhat contradictory56. In which section of a newspaper is the passage likely to appear?A. People.B. Society.C. Technology.D. News.Passage twoVirtually nobody has memories from very early childhood – but it’s not because we don’t remain information as young children. Rather, it may be because at that age, our brains don’t yet function in a way that bundles information into the complex neural patterns that we know as memories.It’s clear that young children do remember facts in the moment – such as who their parents are, or that one must say “please”before mom will give you candy. This is called “semantic memory.”Until sometime between the ages two and four, however, children lack “episodic memory”–memory regarding the details of a specific event. Such memories are stored in several parts of the brains surface, or “cortex.” For example, memory of sound is processed in the auditory cortexes, on the sides of the brain, while visual memory is managed by the visual cortex, at the back. A region of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体) ties all the scattered pieces together.“If you think of your cortex as a flower bed, there are flowers all across the top of yourhead,” said Patricia Bauer of Emory University in Atlanta. “The hippocampus, tucked very neatly in the middle of your brain, is responsible for pulling those all together and tying them in a bouquet (花束).” The memory is the bouquet – the neural pattern of linkages between the parts of the brain where a memory is stored.So why do kids usually fail to record specific episodes until the two-to-four age range? It may be because that’s when the hippocampus starts tying fragments of information together, said psychologist Nora Newcombe of Temple University in Philadelphia. And there may be a reason for this, Newcombe said. Episodic memory may be unnecessarily complex at a time when a child is just learning how the world works. “I think the primary goal of the first two years is to acquire semantic knowledge and from that point of view, episodic memory might actually be a distraction,”Newcombe said.57. It can be learned that children under the age of two ________.A. have memory of detailed eventsB. have the ability to remember factsC. retain little information in their brainsD. process information the same way adults do58. Which of the following is an example of “episodic memory”?A. Brides remember what happened on their weddings.B. Little kids remember their parents’ names.C. We remember to wash hands before meals.D. We remember to say “Thank you” for others’ help.59. Memory of image is processed ________.A. in the middle of the brainB. on the left side of the brainC. on the right side of the brainD. at the back of the brain60. Assume that our cortex is a flower bed, then hippocampus is ________.A. the flowers grown in the flower bedB. the stimulator that helps the flowers growC. the string that ties the flowers into a bouquetD. the bouquet made of the flowers in the bed61. According to Newcombe, if episodic memory were developed before agetwo, it would ________.A. negatively affect children’s learning processB. help children better understand our worldC. push children to learn more quicklyD. bring children’s development to a halt62. What is the major topic of the passage?A. How kids develop their memory.B. Why can’t we remember our very early days?C. How is memory processed by the brain?D. Why kids’ memory differs from that of adults.Passage ThreeIs new technology damaging our ability to communicate? Fingers flying, we can blog, email, or enter chat room. But as we type billions of words, something is being lost. Face-book is not the same as face to face and, as our virtual skills increase, I wonder if our ability to communicate using speech is on the decline.Young people send me dozens of e-mails from schools. They often attach long lists of questions, to which they want detailed responses. Time is short, so I usually reply that they can phone me and I’ll do my best to answer. They very rarely do, partly because they verbal and telephone skills are less developed than their ability to type and e-mail.Yet to adapt an old business saying, a meeting is worth five phone calls and a phone call is worth five e-mails. Direct communication can quickly lead to bonding and trust. People are more likely to reveal what they are thinking when they actually speak to another person. Most are wary of committing themselves in writing.The great tragedy is that the phone was invented before the computer. If it has been the other way around, Internet forums would now be buzzing with the exciting news: “Have you heard (type, type)? There is this amazing new gadget (type). Now you can talk directly with people. And they can hear your voice. Without all this typing.” Persistent marketing would do the rest and colleges would be rushing to develop new courses in telephone skills.But we are stuck with the supremacy of the typed word and it weakens our ability to look people in the eye and talk. A good example is how much new technology has affected public speaking.Does anyone else hate PowerPoint? At meetings, I internally groan as speakers load up their ponderous projections. I don’t mind maps and pictures, but all those words of text drive me crazy. “And now for my introduction…” and up comes the word “introduction.”“There are four points” and we see “four points.”Masses of facts and statistics follow. These should all have been given out as an information sheet. Instead, while you are trying to read through the material, the lecturer is wandering verbally all over it. There’s a confusion of focus that gives me a headache. As the slides flash by, the most important relationship in public speaking is being undermined – the link between the speaker and the audience.63. According to the author, young people today don’t ________.A. like to communicate using speechB. like to communicate with peopleC. know how to communicate with peopleD. know how to ask questions over the phone64. Based on paragraph 3, compared with meetings, e-mails are ________.A. fasterB. friendlierC. less effectiveD. less interesting65. In paragraph 3, “wary of” can be replaced by ________.A. faced withB. happy aboutC. used toD. cautious of66. The author believes that if the phone had been invented after the computer, people nowwould ________.A. be eager to learn how to use the phoneB. be glad to have both means of communicationC. still prefer typing words on the computerD. show little interesting in the phone67. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards today’s use of typedwords?A. EncouragingB. CuriousC. ConcernedD. Indifferent68. In the author’s opinion, PowerPoint ________.A. helps to convey the message of the speaker to the audienceB. harm the interaction between the speaker and the audienceC. should include as much information as necessaryD. should combine texts and pictures to make it eye-catchingPassage FourIt’s all Apple all the time these days: “astonishing” earnings reports in the news on Jan.25, lingering shots of Steve Jobs’ widow Laurene sitting near the First Lady and, of course, ever since his death in October, universal references to Jobs himself in any writing or speech aimed at promoting creativity or ingenuity or an all-American, against-all-odds model of success.However, New Y ork Times articles this week spoke of a darker reality behind the glowing Apple story: the “millions of human machines,” as the Times Charles Duhigg and David Barboza put it, in China who are now laboring 12 hours a day, six days a week to maintain the company’s amazing rate of growth.They live in dormitories where they can be called to their jobs anytime and often work double shifts in highly unsafe conditions. They’re willing to do all it takes. “It isn’t just that workers are cheaper abroad,” Duhigg wrote, “Rather, Apple’s executives believe the vast scale of overseas factories as well as the flexibility, diligence and expertise of foreign workers have so outpaced their American counterparts that ‘Made in the U.S.A.’ is no longer a viable option for most Apple products.”The Times stories raised very serious questions about not only Apple or the many other companies that similarly rely on overseas labor to support their growth and flood the world with cheap products, but the human cost of the growth model itself that has allowed Apple to thrive. It’s a model of growth, all too unquestioned in the U.S., that demands endless quality-of-life sacrifices in the service of productivity and profit. By quality of life, I mean good relationships with friends and family and having the time and the physical and emotional availability to invest in friends and family.Yet the American workers have been headed in the opposite direction for decades. Workinghours have expanded to the point where successful professionals consider the traditional 40-hour workweek a “part-time”job. Vacation time has been shrinking. In the current downturn, the employed are too scared of losing work to take time off. The pressure to be super-productive, ever willing, and always available has never been greater. But we should call into question the direction we’re headed and ask whether chasing the dream of growth has already turned into a nightmare. It’s up to the rest of us now to decide what to make of Steve Jobs’ legacy.69. It can be concluded from the first paragraph that Steve Jobs ________.A. is a controversial figure in the mediaB. enjoys high publicity in the U.S.C. used to deliver many speechesD. was a Nobel Prize winner70. The expression “against all odds” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. foreign bornB. least talentedC. permanently obscureD. seemingly unlikely71. Apple’s executives choose to have most apple products made overseas because ________.A. goods made in the U.S.A. are inferiorB. Apple products sell better abroadC. this is much more profitableD. China-made products are better designed72. In the author’s opinion, the constant pursuit of the dream of growth has resulted in _______.A. better living standards in the U.S.B. a perfect model of growthC. worse relationships with friends and familyD. the popularity of iProducts73. Which of the following statements about the workers is true?A. They are spending more time with the family.B. They are enjoying a better quality of life.C. They can find jobs more easily.D. They have to work hard and overtime.74. The author’s attitude to Apple’s story of success is ________.A. approvalB. objectionC. admirationD. indifferencePassage FiveA new website from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) shows that 10 percent of the country is now a “food desert.”The Food Desert Locator is an online map highlighting thousands of areas where, the USDA says, low-income families have little or no access to healthy fresh food. First identified in Scotland in the 1990s, food deserts have come to symbolize urban decay. They suggest images of endless fast-food restaurants and convenience stores serving fatty, sugary junk food to overweight customers who have never tasted a Brussels sprout.Accordingly, Michelle Obama announced a $400 million Healthy Food Financing Initiative last year with the aim of eliminating food deserts nationwide by 2017. Official figures for the number of people living in food deserts already show a decline, from 23.5m in 2009 to 13.5m at the launch of the website. Although this might on the face of it suggest that the initiative is off to a superb start, sadly it does not in fact represent a single additional banana bought or soda escaped. This is because in America, the definition of a food desert is any census area where at least 20percent of inhabitants are below the poverty line and 33 percent live more than a mile from a supermarket. By simply extending the cutoff in rural areas to ten miles, the USDA managed to rescue 10m people from desert life.Some academics would go further, calling the appearance of many food deserts nothing but a mirage. Research by the Center for Public Health Nutrition at the University of Washington found that only 15 percent of people shopped for food within their own census area. Critics also note that focusing on supermarkets means that the USDA ignores tens of thousands of larger and smaller retailers, farmers’ markets and roadside greengrocers, many of which are excellent sources of fresh food. Together, they account for more than half of the country’s trillion-dollar retail food market.A visit to Renton, a depressed suburb of Seattle, demonstrates the problem. The town sits directly in the middle of a USDA food desert stretching miles in every direction. Yet it is home to a roadside stand serving organic fruit and vegetables, a health-food shop packed with nutritious grains and a superstore that researchers found attracts flocks of shoppers from well outside the desert.75. According to the USDA, food deserts ________.A. tend to be found in poor rural areasB. refer to the places with a food shortageC. are directly related to urban povertyD. are the direct cause of overweight76. The Healthy Food Financing Initiative is intended to ________.A. improve access to healthier foodB. change the American way of livingC. address the growing weight problemD. ensure food safety across the nation77. The author suggests that the drop from 23.5 million to 13.5 million ________.A. represents substantial progressB. is at least a good beginningC. isn’t based on true informationD. doesn’t make much difference78. The word “mirage” (para.3) probably means ________.A. unreal problemB. potential riskC. growing difficultyD. hidden danger79. The scholars in paragraph 3 think that the USDA definition of a food desert is ________.A. justifiableB. problematicC. unclearD. creative80. Renton is mentioned in the passage to ________.A. raise public awareness about food desertsB. highlight the problems of food desertsC. point out the solutions to food desertsD. tell us to put food deserts in perspective。
研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.2 billion, but retailers canceled orders at alarming rates. It looks as though sales will rise marginally at best. Waffling on Wall Street. Nike worsened its woes by failing to acknowledge them soon enough. “Early last year, there was a major crack I the day,” says analyst Esquivel. “It took them over two months to say, ‘Oops, we have problems.” She lowered her rating on the stock from buy to hold last May just before Nike warned that profits would fall short of expectations. As more negative news followed, Some analysts complained that management was hard to reach for information. One executive, CFO Robert Falcone, antagonized major shareholders and left in January. Will Nike get back up to speed? Probably it’s one of the world’s most powerful brands, and Knight is resilient as well as smart. But the recovery will be long and painful. Knight and his senior managers are currently working on a plan to close facilities and reduce Nike’s work force worldwide. A big restructuring charge will hit profits hard this year, and growth will likely be slow during the few years. In order to recover, Nike will certainly need flesh products to excite bored consumers. “The lineup for the coming year looks OKEY,” says Ralph Parks, president of Foot Action, the second—largest athletic—shoe specialty retailer. “It looks better than 1997’s, but I’m not sure that core consumer is quite ready to jump back in.”Most important, Nike needs a new vision of itself and its brand. This task belongs to Knight, who turned 60 a few weeks ago and says he plans to work until he dies. That’s a good thing, because the boss’s favorite motto “There is no finish line” seems more appropriate now than ever.51．In America, Nike’s core consumers are ______.A．the best footballersB．the most popular basket ball starsC．the 12-to-24-year old youngstersD．the cool-conscious adults正确答案：C解析：从文章第三段最后一句可知，C为正确选项。
2020研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题1
2020研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题1研究生英语学位课统考模拟试题（1）GENRAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS考试注意事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一（Paper one）包括听力理解、词汇、完型填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（Paper two）包括翻译和写作两部分，共3题。
此外，试卷分A、B卷，请考生注意在答题卡上标出自己的试卷类型。
二、试卷一（题号1-80）为客观评分题（听力Section C 部分除外），答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间画黑道，如[A][B][C][D]。
三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET II上。
答题前，请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。
四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号（听力Section C部分除外），答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。
五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，采用试卷一和试卷二分卷计时的办法。
试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
试卷二共计时60分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。
每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考老师收点试卷及答题纸。
全部考试结束后，须待监考老师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本次考试结束，方可离开考场。
PAPER ONEPart I Listening Comprehension (25miniutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be read only once. Choose the best answer fromthe four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe square brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.1. A. To brush up her English at home.B. To be praised by her peers.C. To become her teacher’s favorite student.D. To care more for other subjects.2. A. Have a picnic. B. Play with her pets.C. See a movie.D. Stay at home.3. A. It’s a piece of cake. B. She has no idea.C. She already knows the answer.D. It’s beyond her expectation.4. A. Write a short mail to him. B. Chat with him on line.C. Telephone him.D. Text him soon.5. A. The poster looks better without the frame. B. The poster is not worth the money.C. The poster costs very little.D. The poster is very eye-catching.6. A. 14. B. 10.C. 65.D. 24.7. A. She is too busy. B. She can pass the exam next time.C. She doesn’t work very hard.D. She should be better prepared.8. A. exercise more frequently. B. Take less medicine each day.C. Try a new type of pain-killer.D. Have her back examined.9. A. George was not playing well. B. George always loses temper easily.C. George should have won the match.D. George is no match for his opponent.Section B (I point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. Aftereach question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet. Mini-talk one10 A. 18-21. B. 22-25. C. 30-50. D. 70-80.11. A. Because older people become more thankful for what they have.B. Because older people spend less time in deep thinking.C. Because older people forget things more frequently.D. Because older people tend to be more reliable.12. A. Middle aged women had increased sleep problems.B. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.C. Being single affected the levels of happiness.D. Sleep quality declined as people got older.Mini-talk two13. A. High temperatures. B. Too much weight on the roof.C. The lack of rich soil.D. Sufficient watering system.14. A. They are normally painted green. B. They shorten the life of houses.C. They reduce energy consumption.D. They are used as water tanks.15. A. They need little water. B. They normally grow faster.C. They are less costly to grow.D. They could absorb more water.Section C (1point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recordingyou are asked to write down your answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25seconds to read the notes below.（请在录音结束后把第16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. Compliments are so good that they can heal your _____________ (2 words).17. Unless you seem sincere when you give compliments during a co nversation, you’re not goingto get _____________ (3 words) from that person.18. After giving specific compliments, you should follow that _____________ (3 words).19. Adding compliments in front of people makes people respected and feel _____________ (4words).20. Last, avoid _____________ (2 words) with envy.Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C, and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scoring Answer Sheet21. Values play as much a role in tackling the national challenges as smart policies.A. addressingB. minimizingC. reinforcingD. stabilizing22. Despite her attempt to look happy, her behavior at the party struck me as odd.A. attackedB. imposedC. deemedD. impressed23. The intimate relationship between human beings and speech is not restricted to sound.A. ascribedB. confinedC. subjectedD. related24. This young man took a law degree with distinction and found a job in a well.A. differenceB. perfectionC. separationD. honor25. Differences in culture and values will give rise to conflict of ideas and tastes.A. outbreakB. assimilationC. clashD. harmony26. Unpleasant symptoms can cause the smoker to resume smoking to raise the levels ofnicotine in the blood.A. let downB. go aboutC. drop offD. return to27. With the progress in medicine, it is no longer difficult to attain old age.A. evadeB. reachC. postponeD. retard28. Before national day, these musicians some songs in honor of this special occasion.A. in celebration ofB. in respect ofC. in case ofD. in excess of29. Japan, after spectacular post-war economic growth, became the world’s second-biggesteconomy.A. superficialB. amazingC. virtualD. genuine30. This book gives a very particular account of the important battles during WWII.A. specialB. strangeC. detailedD. exceptionalSection B (0.5 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked by A, B, C, and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark thecorresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet31. Dozens of people were trapped for hours in the ________ of the train, but all have beentaken to safety.A. wreckageB. bandageC. cottageD. hostage32. The doctor advised me to increase my intake of healthy foods that can ________ heartdisease.A. give offB. pay offC. set offD. ward off33. The participants of the meeting discussed, ________, the future of the oil industry.A. from now onB. in the wayC. among other thingsD. on their mind34. Obama’s remarks were his most ________ description of how his personal religious beliefsfactor into his decision-making.A. externalB. extinctC. explicitD. executive35. Many United States teenagers ________ the road without receiving driver s’ education.A. beatB. hitC. strikeD. knock36. The ocean _______ 70 percent of the earth’s surface, but contains about 20 percent of theEarth’s total estimated species.A. takes upB. fixes upC. stirs upD. patches up37. With the _______ of a mouse, you can instantly get to see all the information you wantonline.A. crackB. clickC. chipD. clap38. Businesses of all sizes possess some type of _______ culture consisting of a set of valuesand goals.A. desperateB. corporateC. deliberateD. moderate39. When asked to disclose financial ties to drug companies, many doctors will ________ suchinformation.A. withdrawB. withstandC. witherD. withhold40. There is no exception ________ the rule that every rule has an exception.A. forB. onC. toD. inPart III Close Test (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this section, there are ten questions. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked by A, B,C, or D for each blank inthe passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you’ve chosenwith a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetAn ecosystem is defined as an ecological community together with its environment, functioning as a unit. To be more ___41__, an ecosystem is a complex set of relationships among the living resources, ___42___, and residents of an area, composed of organisms that work together to remain healthy ___43___ energy is exchanged and system-level processes emerge. The ecosystem serves as the level of biological organization in which organisms __44__ simultaneously with each other and with their environment. As such, ecosystems are a level above that of the ecological community but are at a level below the __45__, which is essentially the largest of all possible ecosystems.The thing about ecosystems is that they are __46__ fragile and intensely complicated. If you influence the smallest variable, then it changes the __47__. This is why global warming is such a big issue, __48__ whether we created it or not. Ecosystems will change; however, if they change radically enough, our way of life will forever be affected. It is sad to think that future generations will not have the __49__ of witnessing these little creatures as we have in our lifetime. You have to go to preservations to witness the wildlife that __50__ be an everyday occurrence.41. A. realistic B. frank C. honest D. specific42. A. habits B. habitats C. inhabitants D. inhibitors43. A. in case B. if only C. but for D. so that44. A. interact B. concern C. interfere D. coincide45. A. biofuel B. biodiversity C. biosphere D. biochemistry46. A. concisely B. inherently C. robustly D. industriously47. A. whole B. entire C. all D. total48. A. along with B. due to C. regardless of D. as to49. A. trouble B. privilege C. time D. willingness50. A. was about B. had better C. used to D. would ratherPART IV Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Directions: In this section, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked by A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the squarebrackets on your machine-scoring Answer SheetPassage OneResearchers may have found a solution to the annoying gender-wage gap: tell all the male CEOs to have more babies. And only child daughters, to be precise.A new, not-yet-published study that tracked 12 years of wage data in Denmark finds that when male CEOs had daughters, their female employees’ wages went up 1.3 percent while thei r male employees only gained 0.8 percent raises. The study’s authors – from Aalborg University in Denmark, the University of Maryland, and Columbia –found that women’s wages were boosted even more if the daughter was the first child of the CEO. The researchers found that the birth of a first daughter to a male CEO“resulted in a 1.4 percent increase in women’s wages, and an approximately 0.8 percent decrease in the gender wage gap. If the first daughter was also a first child, the gender wage gap would dec rease by roughly 2.8 percent.” If a second daughter was born to a male CEO, women’s wages were not significantly affected. “Thus, our results suggest that the first daughter ‘flips a switch’ in the mind of a male CEO, causing him to attend more to equality in gender-related wage policies,” they write.David Gaddis Ross, co-author of the study and an assistant professor at Columbia’s Business School, said he would love to do a similar study in the United States, but there is no way the data would be availabl e. “Getting this information in the United States would be wildly difficult, especially on the family structure of the CEOs,”he said. The Denmark data did not reveal names of individuals or companies, but each employee of every company in the country is attached to a code that researchers could use to find gender, number of children, salary, and other information such as home address and phone number.The study is not the first to examine how having a daughter affects men’s decision-making. Ebonya Washington wrote in a study published in the American Economic Review in 2008 that U.S. legislators were more likely to vote more liberally on women’s reproductive issues if they had daughters. Another study found that parents with daughters were more likely to adopt feminist views on gender equality.51. According to the study, if the first child of the CEO was a daughter, the decrease of thegender wage gap was ________.A. 0.8%B. 1.3%C. 1.4%D. 2.8%52. The Denmark study finds that male CEOs with daughters may ________.A. better respect female privacyB. better promote gender equalityC. give more chances for womenD. hire more female employees53. According to David Ross, a similar study in the U.S. ________.A. will soon be underwayB. may produce similar resultsC. is unnecessary and costlyD. is unlikely to be carried out.54. Which of the following information about the CEOs is most difficult to get in the U.S.?A. Real income.B. Phone number.C. Family structure.D. Home address.55. The findings of the three studies mentioned in the passage ________.A. have little in commonB. seem to be confusingC. agree well with each otherD. are somewhat contradictory56. In which section of a newspaper is the passage likely to appear?A. People.B. Society.C. Technology.D. News.Passage twoVirtually nobody has memories from very early childhood –but it’s not because we don’t remain information as young children. Rather, it may be because at that age, our brains don’t yet function in a way that bundles information into the complex neural patterns that we know as memories.It’s clear that young children do remember facts in the moment – such as who their parents are, or that one must say “please”before mom will give you candy. This is called “semantic memory.”Until sometime between the ages two and four, however, children lack “episodic memory”–memory regarding the details of a specific event. Such memories are stored in several parts of the brains surface, or “cortex.” For example, memory of sound is processed in the auditory cortexes, on the sides of the brain, while visual memory is managed by the visual cortex, at the back. A region of the brain called the hippocampus (海马体) ties all the scattered pieces together.“If you think of your cortex as a flower bed, there are flowers all across the top of yourhead,” said Patricia Bauer of Emory University in Atlanta. “The hippocampus, tucked very neatly in the middle of your brain, is responsible for pulling those all together and tying them in a bouquet (花束).” The memory is the bouquet – the neural pattern of linkages between the parts of the brain where a memory is stored.So why do kids usually fail to record specific episodes untilthe two-to-four age range? It may be because that’s when the hippocampus starts tying fragments of information together, said psychologist Nora Newcombe of Temple University in Philadelphia. And there may be a reason for this, Newcombe said. Episodic memory may be unnecessarily complex at a time when a child is just learning how the wor ld works. “I think the primary goal of the first two years is to acquire semantic knowledge and from that point of view, episodic memory might actually be a distraction,”Newcombe said.57. It can be learned that children under the age of two ________.A. have memory of detailed eventsB. have the ability to remember factsC. retain little information in their brainsD. process information the same way adults do58. Which of the following is an example of “episodic memory”?A. Brides remember what happened on their weddings.B. Little kids remember their parents’ names.C. We remember to wash hands before meals.D. We remember to say “Thank you” for others’ help.59. Memory of image is processed ________.A. in the middle of the brainB. on the left side of the brainC. on the right side of the brainD. at the back of the brain60. Assume that our cortex is a flower bed, then hippocampus is ________.A. the flowers grown in the flower bedB. the stimulator that helps the flowers growC. the string that ties the flowers into a bouquetD. the bouquet made of the flowers in the bed61. According to Newcombe, if episodic memory were developed before agetwo, it would ________.A. negatively affect children’s learning processB. help children better understand our worldC. push children to learn more quicklyD. bring children’s development to a halt62. What is the major topic of the passage?A. How kids develop their memory.B. Why can’t we remember our very early days?C. How is memory processed by the brain?D. Why kids’ memory differs from that of adults.Passage ThreeIs new technology damaging our ability to communicate? Fingers flying, we can blog, email, or enter chat room. But as we type billions of words, something is being lost. Face-book is not the same as face to face and, as our virtual skills increase, I wonder if our ability to communicate using speech is on the decline.Young people send me dozens of e-mails from schools. They often attach long lists of questions, to which they want detailed responses. Time is short, so I usually reply that they can phone me and I’ll do my best to answer. They very rarely do, partly because they verbal and telephone skills are less developed than their ability to type and e-mail.Yet to adapt an old business saying, a meeting is worth five phone calls and a phone call is worth five e-mails. Direct communication can quickly lead to bonding and trust. People aremore likely to reveal what they are thinking when they actually speak to another person. Most are wary of committing themselves in writing.The great tragedy is that the phone was invented before the computer. If it has been the other way around, Internet forums would now be buzzing with the exciting news: “Have you heard (type, type)? There is this amazing new gadget (type). Now you can talk directly with people. And they can hear your voice. Without all this typing.” Persistent marketing would do the rest and colleges would be rushing to develop new courses in telephone skills.But we are stuck with the supremacy of the typed word and it weakens our ability to look people in the eye and talk. A good example is how much new technology has affected public speaking.Does anyone else hate PowerPoint? At meetings, I internally groan as speakers load up their ponderous projections. I don’t mind maps and pictures, but all those words of text drive me crazy. “And now for my introduction…” and up comes the word “introduction.”“There are four points” and we see “four points.”Masses of facts and statistics follow. These should all have been given out as an information sheet. Instead, while you are trying to read through the material, the lecturer is wandering verbally all over it. There’s a confusion of focus that gives me a headache. As the slides flash by, the most important relationship in public speaking is being undermined – the link between the speaker and the audience.63. According to the author, young people today don’t ________.A. like to communicate using speechB. like to communicate with peopleC. know how to communicate with peopleD. know how to ask questions over the phone64. Based on paragraph 3, compared with meetings, e-mails are ________.A. fasterB. friendlierC. less effectiveD. less interesting65. In paragraph 3, “wary of” can be replaced by ________.A. faced withB. happy aboutC. used toD. cautious of66. The author believes that if the phone had been invented after the computer, people nowwould ________.A. be eager to learn how to use the phoneB. be glad to have both means of communicationC. still prefer typing words on the computerD. show little interesting in the phone67. Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards today’s use of typedwords?A. EncouragingB. CuriousC. ConcernedD. Indifferent68. In th e author’s opinion, PowerPoint ________.A. helps to convey the message of the speaker to the audienceB. harm the interaction between the speaker and the audienceC. should include as much information as necessaryD. should combine texts and pictures to make it eye-catchingPassage FourIt’s all Apple all the time these days: “astonishing” earnings reports in the news on Jan.25, lingering shots of Steve Jobs’ widow Laurene sitting near the First Lady and, of course, ever since his death in October, universal references to Jobs himself in any writing or speech aimed at promoting creativity or ingenuity or an all-American, against-all-odds model of success.However, New Y ork Times articles this week spoke of a darker reality behind the glowing Apple story: the “millions of human machines,” as the Times Charles Duhigg and David Barboza put it, in China who are now laboring 12 hours a day, six days a week to maintain the company’s amazing rate of growth.They live in dormitories where they can be called to their jobs anytime and often work double shifts in highly unsafe conditions. They’re willing to do all it takes. “It isn’t just that workers are cheaper abroad,” Duhigg wrote, “Rather, Apple’s executives believe the vast scale of overseas factories as well as the flexibility, diligence and expertise of foreign workers have so outpaced their American counterparts that ‘Made in the U.S.A.’ is no longer a viable option for most Apple products.”The Times stories raised very serious questions about not only Apple or the many other companies that similarly rely on overseas labor to support their growth and flood the world with cheap products, but the human cost of the growth model itselfthat has allowed Apple to thrive. It’s a model of growth, all too unquestioned in the U.S., that demands endless quality-of-life sacrifices in the service of productivity and profit. By quality of life, I mean good relationships with friends and family and having the time and the physical and emotional availability to invest in friends and family.Yet the American workers have been headed in the opposite direction for decades. Workinghours have expanded to the point where successful professionals consider the traditional 40-hour workweek a “part-time”job. Vacation time has been shrin king. In the current downturn, the employed are too scared of losing work to take time off. The pressure to be super-productive, ever willing, and always available has never been greater. But we should call into question the direction we’re headed and ask whether chasing the dream of growth has already turned into a nightmare. It’s up to the rest of us now to decide what to make of Steve Jobs’ legacy.69. It can be concluded from the first paragraph that Steve Jobs ________.A. is a controversial figure in the mediaB. enjoys high publicity in the U.S.C. used to deliver many speechesD. was a Nobel Prize winner70. The expression “against all odds” in the first paragraph probably means ________.A. foreign bornB. least talentedC. permanently obscureD. seemingly unlikely71. Apple’s executives choose to have most apple products made overseas because ________.A. goods made in the U.S.A. are inferiorB. Apple products sell better abroadC. this is much more profitableD. China-made products are better designed72. In the author’s opinion, the constant pursuit of the dream of growth has resulted in _______.A. better living standards in the U.S.B. a perfect model of growthC. worse relationships with friends and familyD. the popularity of iProducts73. Which of the following statements about the workers is true?A. They are spending more time with the family.B. They are enjoying a better quality of life.C. They can find jobs more easily.D. They have to work hard and overtime.74. The author’s attitude to Apple’s story of success is ________.A. approvalB. objectionC. admirationD. indifferencePassage FiveA new website from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) shows that 10 percent of the country is now a “food desert.”The Food Desert Locator i s an online map highlighting thousands of areas where, the USDA says, low-income families have little or no access to healthy fresh food. First identified inScotland in the 1990s, food deserts have come to symbolize urban decay. They suggest images of endless fast-food restaurants and convenience stores serving fatty, sugary junk food to overweight customers who have never tasted a Brussels sprout.Accordingly, Michelle Obama announced a $400 million Healthy Food Financing Initiative last year with the aim of eliminating food deserts nationwide by 2017. Official figures for the number of people living in food deserts already show a decline, from 23.5m in 2009 to 13.5m at the launch of the website. Although this might on the face of it suggest that the initiative is off to a superb start, sadly it does not in fact represent a single additional banana bought or soda escaped. This is because in America, the definition of a food desert is any census area where at least 20percent of inhabitants are below the poverty line and 33 percent live more than a mile from a supermarket. By simply extending the cutoff in rural areas to ten miles, the USDA managed to rescue 10m people from desert life.Some academics would go further, calling the appearance of many food deserts nothing but a mirage. Research by the Center for Public Health Nutrition at the University of Washington found that only 15 percent of people shopped for food within their own census area. Critics also note that focusing on supermarkets means that the USDA ignores tens of thousands of larger and smaller retailers, farmers’ markets and roadside greengrocers, many of which are excellent sources of fresh food. Together, they account for more than half of the country’s trillion-dollar retail food market.A visit to Renton, a depressed suburb of Seattle,demonstrates the problem. The town sits directly in the middle of a USDA food desert stretching miles in every direction. Yet it is home to a roadside stand serving organic fruit and vegetables, a health-food shop packed with nutritious grains and a superstore that researchers found attracts flocks of shoppers from well outside the desert.75. According to the USDA, food deserts ________.A. tend to be found in poor rural areasB. refer to the places with a food shortageC. are directly related to urban povertyD. are the direct cause of overweight76. The Healthy Food Financing Initiative is intended to ________.A. improve access to healthier foodB. change the American way of livingC. address the growing weight problemD. ensure food safety across the nation77. The author suggests that the drop from 23.5 million to13.5 million ________.A. represents substantial progressB. is at least a good beginningC. isn’t based on true informationD. doesn’t make much difference78. The word “mirage” (para.3) probably means ________.A. unreal problemB. potential riskC. growing difficultyD. hidden danger79. The scholars in paragraph 3 think that the USDA definition of a food desert is ________.。
研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷13(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷13(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 3.D．Paragraph 4.正确答案：C解析：文章第三段最后两句都是在讲“the destruction done by oil companies”，故选C项。
The potential of computers for increasing the control of organizations or society over their members and for invading the privacy of those members has caused considerable concern. The privacy issue has been raised most insistently with respect to the creation and maintenance of data files that assemble information about persons from a multitude of sources. Files of this kind would be highly valuable for many kinds of economic and social research, but they are bought at too high a price if they endanger human freedom or seriously enhance their opportunities of blackmailers. While such dangers should not be ignored, it should be noted that the lack of comprehensive data files has never before been the limiting barrier to the suppression of human freedom. Making the computer the villain in the invasion of privacy or encroachment on civil liberties simply divers attention from the real dangers. Computer data bank files can and must be given the highest degree of protection from abuse. But we must be careful also, that we do not employ such crude methods of protection as to deprive our society of important data it needs to understand its down social processes and to analyze its problems. Perhaps the most important question of all about the computer is what it has come and will do to man’s view of himself and his place in the universe. The most heated attacks on the computer are not focused on its possible economic effects, its presumed destruction of job satisfaction, or its threat to privacy and liberty, but upon the claim that it causes people to be viewed, and to view themselves, as machines. What the computer and progress in artificial intelligence challenge are an ethic that rests on man’s apartness from the rest of nature. An alternative ethic, of course, views man as a part of nature, governed by nature law, subject to the forces of gravity and the demands of his body. The debate about artificial intelligence and the simulation of man’s thinking is, in considerable part, a confrontation of these two views of man’s place in the universe.159．Why is it important to prevent the abuse of computer data banks?A．To protect the right of the individual.B．To maintain discipline in society.C．To encourage economic and social research.D．To collect wide-ranging information.正确答案：A解析：从第二段可知，防止计算机数据库被滥用是基于对“human freedom”的考虑，即保护个人权利(right of the individual)。
2024考研英语模拟卷
2024考研英语模拟卷The countdown to the 2024 postgraduate entrance examination has begun, and the English section remains a formidable challenge for many candidates. This year's mock exam is designed to closely mirror the actual test, offeringa glimpse into the rigors of the upcoming battle.The listening section has been crafted with meticulous care, featuring a variety of accents and speech rates to test the candidates' comprehension skills under different conditions. The passages are rich in content, coveringcurrent affairs, scientific discoveries, and cultural insights, ensuring a well-rounded preparation.Reading comprehension is where the candidates' analytical skills are put to the test. The passages are dense with information, requiring candidates to not only understand the text but also to infer the underlying meanings and make connections between ideas.The vocabulary and grammar sections are a testament tothe candidates' linguistic prowess. Each question is a puzzle, requiring a deep understanding of the nuances of the English language and the ability to apply that knowledge in context.The writing section is the ultimate showcase of a candidate's ability to express themselves in English. Fromthe structured essay to the more creative writing tasks, thispart of the exam demands clarity of thought, precision of language, and the ability to convey complex ideas succinctly.The mock exam also includes a translation section,bridging the gap between the two languages. It is a true test of the candidates' bilingual capabilities, requiring them to translate not just words, but also the essence of the message.In the final analysis, the 2024 mock exam serves not only as a diagnostic tool but also as a motivational force. It isa reminder that with dedication and strategic preparation,the English section of the postgraduate entrance exam can be conquered.。
硕士研究生英语学位课统考模拟试卷
硕士研究生英语学位课统考模拟试卷Part One: Vocabulary （10 points）1. The major portion of writer John White's work was in social criticism.A. goalB. subjectC. partD. publication2. By 1817 the United States Congress had done away with all internal taxes and was relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide sufficient revenue to run the government .A. eliminatedB. allocatedC. increasedD. decreased3. Eric Smith was one of the first artists to paint landscapes in Australia.A. lawnsB. barnsC. sceneriesD. vegetation4. In 1795 John Jay resigned his position as the first chief justice of the United States and became a state governor.A. advertisedB. gearedC. forsookD. rearranged5.They never altered or revised what they wrote because that would have interfered with the purity of their creation.A. fragilityB. integrityC. dignityD. simplicity6. Such essentially different stimuli as cold, drugs, and grief can provoke identical chemical reactions in the body.A. illnessB. gladC. sorrowD. disgust7. Over the years, countless storytellers have been narrating tales that entertain their listeners as well as teach them a lesson.A. educatedB. innumerableC. uncalculatingD. competitive8. All living things have certain attributes that are passed on from one generation to the next.A. antibodyB. viruses C; traits D. flaws9. The main feature of the telegraph were developed by two inventors, but it was Samuel Morse who successfully synthesized their ideas.A. financedB. publicizedC. integratedD. conformed10. The architect Susan Irons believed that a building should be designed to fit its function and its location.A. enhanceB. decorateC. alternate withD. conform to11. Now that you've read that sentence, reread the one that ______.A. proceedsB. advancesC. marchesD. precedes12. You should dry-clean curtains if possible, as they are less likely to.______.A. diminishB. decreaseC. reduceD. shrink13. For the most part rocks are not built up by deposition but broken down by ____A. erosionB. evaporationC. evolutionD. explosion14. ______ person favours thorough and complete reforms in social and political systems.A. A radicalB. An advancedC. A fundamentalD. An exotic15. Einstein was a man of uncommonly ______ intelligence.A. abnormalB. ambientC. ambitiousD. acute16. We watched the mists______ from the valley.A. climbingB. elapsingC. crawlingD. ascending17. They rented the old house on the ______ that the landlord would paint it.A. assumptionB. impressionC. successionD. suggestion18. Many men lost their jobs during the business _____.A. depositionB. depressionC. breakdownD. disturbance19. The______ of military secrets cannot always be prevented.A. drainageB. extractionC. revengeD. leakage20. Mining industries in this country have excellent ______.A. prospectsB. parametersC. peculiaritiesD. ProfilesPart II: Cloze （10 points ）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.American cities are 21 other cities around the world. In every country , cities reflect the 22 of the culture . Cities contain the very 23 aspect of a society: opportunities for education, employment, and entertainment. They also 24 the very worst parts of a society: violent crime, racial conflict, and poverty. American cities are changing, just 25 American society.After World War II , the population of 26 large American cities decreased;27 the population in many Sun Belt cities increased . Los Angeles, the and Houston are cities 28 population increased. These population shifts to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. During this time, in the 29 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier, more prosperous. They had more children. They needed more 30 . They moved out their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the 31 , areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American "dream" was to have a house on the outskirts.Now things are changing. The children of the people who 32 the cities in the 1950s are now adults. They, 33 their parents, want to live in the cities. 34 continue to move to cities in the Sun Belt. Cities are 35 and the population is increasing in 36 states as Texas, Florida, and California. Others are moving to more 37 cities of the Northeast and Midwest, such as Boston, Baltimore and Chicago. Many young professionals, doctors, lawyers, and executives are moving back into the city. They prefer the city 38 the suburbs because their jobs are there; they are afraid of the fuel shortage ; or they just 39 theexcitement and opportunities which the city offers. A new class is moving into the cities-a wealthier, 40 mobile class.21. A. different from B similar to C. better than D. worse than22. A. values B. worth C. importance D. expenses23. A. well B. good C. better D. best24. A. maintain B. obtain C. contain D. sustain25. A. likely B. as C. while D. when26. A. all B. most C. few D.much27. A. but B. and C. however D. although28. A]its [B] which [C] where [D] that29. [A] late [B] later [C] lately [D] latter30. [A] space [B] spots [C] time [D] food31. [A] outskirts [B] downtown [C] districts [D] suburbs32. [A] departed [B] left [C] reached [D] entered33. [A] likely [B] like [C] dislike [D] unlike34. [A] Some [B] All [C] Several [D] Lots of35. [A] stretching [B] widening [C] expanding [D] prolonging36. [A] such [B] these [C] those [D] many37. [A] organized [B] famous [C] official [D] established38. [A] than [B] better than[C] rather than[D] to39. [A] win [B] enjoy [C] earn [D] acquire40. [A] very [B] and [C] more [D] orPart Three: Reading Comprehension （30 points ）Passage 1Information is the primary commodity in more and more industries today. By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labor force) will choose "flextime, flexplace" arrangements, which allow them to work at home, communicating with the office via computer networks.In the United States, the so-called "digital divice" seems to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued to lag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.Company-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.Computer competence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe and Japan not far behi nd. 80 % of US homes will have computers in 2005, compared with roughly 50% now.In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating in Europe, Japan, and India.By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Web sites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible indexing and search utilities.Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the education needed to build a productive life in an increasi ngly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth is raising overall prosperity. Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions requirea growing level of education. For a good career in almost any filed, computer competence is a must. This is one major trend raising the level of education required for a productive role in today's work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is becoming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.41. Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT___D__.A. American management personnelB. European management personnelC. American people' s choice of careerD. traditional practice at work42. "Digital divice" in the 4th paragraph refers to __B___.A. the gap in terms of computer ownershipB. the tendency of computer ownershipC. the dividing line based on digitsD. the ethnic distinction among American household43. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage? BA. By 2005 all college and school study materials will turn electronic.B. By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.C. By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.D. By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.44. Which of the following areas is NOT discussed in the passage? CA. Future careers.B. Nature of future work.C. Ethnic differences.D. Schools and libraries.45. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize ___C__ in an increasingly high-tech world,A. the variety of educationB. the content of educationC. the need for educationD. the function of educationPassage 2Choosing a travel companion is at least as uncertain as choosing marriage partner. The chances of success are perhaps even less. The initial stages of both journeys are filled with enthusiasms, indulgences, and a fairly consistent closing of the eyes to that which may later become, if not unacceptable, at the very least unpalatable.No law of casualty exists to insist that in choosing a travel companion you will lose a friend. But it's not unlikely. The odds depend on the length and the rigorousness of the trip. Some friendships have strength that will withstand even travel; others, based on happenstance, are by nature short-lived and travel merely hastens their dissolution.Perhaps I should make it clear that in discussing this matter of travel companions I am confining myself to Platonic friendships. Intimate friends may well be the best companions of all, but entirely different rules of travel prevail. Compromises and concessions, demands and entreaties to and from such companions clearly stem from a recognized emotional base that colors every issue. I'll confine myself, then, to companions, male and female, who are sharing a trip solely for company.Why bother at all with a travel companion? Why not travel alone, in single blessedness, unencumbered and swiftly pursuing one's goal? Some of the answers are obvious: a congenial fellow traveler eases the stress and tensions, adds to the delights and rewards and pays half the bills. If the threat of loneliness is frightening, even a grumpy companion will foretell that, and quite often bring you to the point where you devoutly wish you were alone.Finding that suitable companion is something of an art and something of a gamble. But the choice should be determined by one cardinal rule: both travelers should be going on the trip with the same idea in mind. They should hold in common a theory of travel.46. According to the author, compared with choosing a marriage partner, choosing a travel companion is _D____.A) just as difficult as it B) is possibly easier than itC) is perhaps less certain than it D) is perhaps less uncertain than it47. Travel will give us a chance to __B___.A) become strong and vigorous B) testify our friendshipC) see who is our enemy D) lose a friend48. The travel companion the author refers to is ___D__.A) anybody you meet B) a spirtual friendC) an intimate friend D) anybody who shares a trip simply for partnership49 . The author thinks that ___C__.A) unlike intimate friends, travel companion needn't make many compromises and concessionsB) travel companions will add to the delights and pays half the billsC) it is possible to foretell whether two people will get along on the tripD) the advantages of choosing a travel companion are at least as great as those of traveling alone50. We can infer from the passage that __C___.A) a friend in need is a friend indeedB) opposite types of people attract each otherC) like-minded people should make good travel companionsD) even intimate friends have argumentsPassage 3Spelunking has been called "mountain climbing upside down in the dark. " However, this description isnot entirely accurate. The mountain climber knows where he is going. He climbs a mountain because it is there. A spelunker, on the other hand, doesn't know what is there. All he sees when he enters a wild cave is a hole in the surface of the earth - a very dark hole. Once he gets inside he may find it runs only a few hundred feet or, like one cave in Switzerland, more than 35 miles. He may find big hall, subway like tunnels, rivers or strange and beautiful limestone formations.Some spelunkers have become famous, or their discoveries. Several years ago Norbert Castreet, a Frenchman, was exploring a cave that had a rapidly flowing underground river. He followed the river until it went under a cave wall and disappeared. Wearing a bathing suit and a rubber cap, he dived into the river. He surfaced on the other side of the cave wall and found in a huge hall untouched and undisturbed for tens of thousands of years.My wife and I became spelunkers almost by accident. We were driving down the Pan-American Highway to Mexico City when I noticed several black openings up in the mountains near the road. I stopped and asked what they were, and learned that they were a network of large caves. Following a guide, we were climbing slowly up the mountain. When we reached the top, a large opening appeared under an overhanging cliff. Inside was a smaller hole covered by a wooden door. Taking a gasoline lamp in one hand, the guide opened the door. We followed him down the smooth cement steps. Stra nge shapes moved on the walls as his lamp swung back and forth at each step.This was a limestone cave, formed hundreds of thousands of years ago by the slow dripping of water through the cracks of the rock. The guide pointed out formations that looked like horses, tigers, hands and plants.When we left the cave about an hour later, we saw a sign mentioning the National Speleological Society. Our interest awakened, we noted the address and wrote for further information, the reply informed that there were " Grottoes" local chapters of the society, all over the United States. We joined one that was near our home. Soon we were making out first trip through a wild, unmapped cave. That was 12 years ago. Since then I have explored caves in Europe, Central and South America, and all over the United States.51. According to the passage, the difference between spelunking and mountain climbing lies in the fact that ___A__.A) people do not know where to go in the former case and where to go in the latter caseB) people go downward in the former case and go upward in the latter caseC) it is more dangerous to do spelunking than mountain climbingD) spelunking is more exciting than mountain climbing52. Which of the following statements is true? CA) Norbert Castreet was famous for its discoveries of new caves.B) The cave Norbert Castreet explored is famous for its underwater river.C) Norbert Castreet discovered a very old huge hall that was situated on the other side of the wall of the cave.D) The old hall Norbert Castreet discovered has been used as a hidden place of some pirates.53. The author and his wife __D___.A) had planned carefully before they started their first spelunkingB) were convinced by their friends that spelunking was a good sportC) spent more time looking for a suitable cave to start their first explorationD) explored their first cave rather unexpectedly54. The author and his wife explored their first cave __A___.A) for several hours B) independentlyC) just for a short time D) with a guide and a guard55. How did the author and his wife join the society of spelunking? BA) Recommended by their friends. B) Intrigued by an advertisement.C) Encouraged by an article in the newspaper.D) Attracted by a local chapter of the society.Passage 4Women's minds work differently from men's. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes - the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is "What?", and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for wordhandling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at "language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics.If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan't know for a while, partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.56; Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D. The structural differences in the brain between the sexes has long been known.57. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by _____ factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social58. "These differences" in paragraph 5 refer to those in _____.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. activities carried out by the brain59. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on _____.A. the brain structure as a wholeB. the functioning of part of the brainC. the distinction between the sexesD. the effects of the corpus callosum60. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D. To suggest new areas in brain research.Passage 5Few issues are as clear as the one that drew a quarter-million Americans to the Lincoln Memorial 30 years ago this August 28. "America has given the Negro people a bad check", the nation was told. It has promised quality but delivered second-class citizenship because of race. Few orators could define the justice as eloquently as Martin Luther King Jr. , whose words on that sweltering day re-main etched in the public consciousness:" I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. "The march on Washington had been the dream of a black labor leader, A. Philip Randolph, who was a potent figure in the civil-rights movement. But it was King who emerged as the symbol of the black people's struggle. His "I have a dream" speech struck such an emotional chord that recordings of it were made, sold, bootlegged and resold within weeks of its delivery. The magic of the moment was that it gave white American a new prospective on black American and pushed civil rights forward on the nation's agenda.When the march was planned by a coalition of civil rights, union and church leaders, nothing quite like it had ever been seen. Tens of thousands of blacks streamed into the nation's capital by car, bus, train and foot, an invading army of the disfranchised singing freedom songs and demanding rights. By their very members, they forced the world's greatest democracy to face an embarrassing question: How could America continue on a course that denied so many the simple amenities of a water fountain or a lunch counter? Or the most essential element of democracy-the vote?Three decades later, we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray. The gap persists between the quality of black life and white. The urban underclass has grown more entrenched. Bias remains. And the nation is jarred from time to time bysensational cases stemming from racial hate. But the clarity of the 1963 issue is gone: No longer do governors stand in schoolhouse doors. Nor do signs bar blacks from restaurants or theaters. It is illegal to deny African-Americans the vote. There are 7 500 black elected officials, including 338 mayors and 40 members of Congress, plus a large black middle class. And we are past the point when white American must look to one eloquent leader to answer the question: "What does the Negro want?"The change is reflected in the variety of causes on the wish list of this year's anniversary march on Washington. Health care reform. Job training. Religious freedom for American Indians. Statehood for the District of Columbia. Head Start for young people. Security for the disabled. And an end to racism. The compelling issue of 1963-discrimination-today is more a matter of dark hearts than evil laws. And the legislative agenda of modern-day marchers is American, not black.61. According to the passage, the recordings of King's speech became a best-seller largely because ____.A] the march was a dream of the black people in USB) it presented a new way of looking at Afro-AmericansC) tens of thousands of people listened to the speechD) the speech was basically dressed to the black people62. From the passage we learn that the original march on Washington____.A) highlighted the hypocrisy of America's democratic systemB) was made up of one particular segment of black societyC) reflected previous demonstrations D) was also attended by white people63. "Three decades later, we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray. " The underlined part means thatA) the questions now concern American Indians B) racial hate in the US is diminishingC) the future is promising for the issue of human rightsD) the clarity between the black and white is gone64. It is implied at the end of the passage that ____.A) color discrimination is no longer a problemB) existing laws against racial discrimination need amendingC) present-day causes of protest are more diversified than beforeD) all black Americans have become better offPart Four: TranslationSection A (10 points)Direction: Read the following passage carefully. Then translate it into Chinese.Write your translatin on the ANSWER SHEET.The idea that government should regulate intellectual property through copyrights and patents is relatively recent in human history, and the precisedetails of what intellectual property is protected for how long vary across nations and occasionally change. There are two standard sociological justifications for patents or copyrights: they reward creators for their labor,and they encourage greater creativity. Both of these are empirical claims that can be tested scientifically and could be false in some realms. Consider music. Star performers existed before the 20th century, such as Franz List and Niccolo Paganini, but mass media produced a celbrity system promoting a few stars whose music was not necessarily the best or most diverse.Section B (10 points)Direction: Read the following sentences carefully. Then translate them into Chinese.Write your translatins on the ANSWER SHEET.1.作为成名的代价，明星们尤其容易受到批评的攻击，因为人们总是对他们期望更高。
研究生英语学位课统考模拟题（GET2011—2012）
模拟题1part1Section A (1 point each)Directions: in this section. you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. The conversation and the question will be read only once. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.1.A To be brush up her English at home.B To be praised by her peers.C. To become her teacher's favorite student.D. To care more for other subjects.2.A. Have a picnic.B. Play with her pets.C. See a movie.D. See at home.3.A. It's a piece of cake.B. She has no ideaC. She already knows the answer.D. It's beyond her expectation.4.A.Write a short mail to him.B. Chat with him onlineC. Telephone him.D. Text him soon.5.A. The poster looks better without the frame.B. The poster is not worth the money.C. The poster costs very little.D. The poster is very eye-catching.6.A.14B.10C.65D.247.A .She is too busy.B. She can pass the exam next time.C. She doesn't work very hard.D. She should be better prepared.8.A. Exercise more frequently.B. Take less medicine each day.C. Try a new type of pain-killer.D. Have her back examined.9.A. George was not playing well.B. George always loses temper easilyC. George should have won the match.D. George is no match for his opponent.Section B (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear two Mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once.. After each question, there will be a pause. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.Mini-talk one10.A.18-21B.22-25C.30-50D.70-8011.A. Because older people become more thankful for what they have.B Because older people spend less time in deep thinking.C. Because older people forget things more frequently.D. Because older people tend to be more reliable.12.A .Middle aged women had increased sleep problems.B. Stress levels dropped sharply after people reached their fifties.C .Being single affected the levels of happiness.D. Sleep quality declined as people got older.Mini—talk two13.A.High temperatures.B. Too much weight on the roof.C. The lack of rich soil.D. Sufficient watering system.14.A.They are normally painted green.B. They shorten the life of houses.C. They reduce energy consumption.D. They are used as water tanks.15.A.They need little water.B. They normally grow faster.C. They are less costly to grow.D. They could absorb more water.Section c (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.16. Compliments are so good that they can heal you__.17. Unless you seem sincere when you give compliments during a conversation, you're not going to get __from that person.18. After giving specific compliment, you should follow that__.19. Adding compliments in front of people respected and feel __20. Last,avoid __with envy.模拟题2part1Section A (1 point each)Directions: in this section. you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. The conversation and the question will be read only once. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.1.A.Eat a little bit potato chips.B. Stay with his decision.C. Change his goal.D. Throw away the trash.2.A. Amy misses lectures from time to time.B. Amy doesn’t pay much attention in class.C. Amy probably knows how to answer the question.D. Amy is stuck with the same question.3.A.A pet psychologist.B.A school teacher.C.A fitness trainer.D.A furniture designer.4.A.She cant give him any good ideas.B. she is very familiar with the city.C. she is new to new York.D. she wont lend a hand to him.5.A.someone famous is reading in the car.B. she has a nice collection of car photos.C. the car is in front of something interesting.D. the design of the car is really impressive.6.A.the train to the market square is cancelled.B. the man has missed the train to the market square.C. the next train will leave in ten minutes.D. the man has come to a wrong station.7.A. he doesn’t believe her story.B. he is not surprised to hear that.C. he also wants to lose weight .D. he cares little about his size.8 A. Mary will show up on time .B. Mary is always late .C. Mary has a good excuse for her absence.D. Mary was kept busy with work.9. A. he is a clumsy person.B. he is a good waiter.C. he is a careful guy.D. he is a tough man.Section B (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear two Mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once.. After each question, there will be a pause. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.Mini-talk one10.A. oneB. twoC. three.D. four11.A.because they learning a different writing structure.B. because they don’t appreciate this type of formula.C because they used to write long academic papers.D because they have different problem-solving strategies.12.A. placing the thesis at the beginning .B. writing shorter sentences.C. stating the main idea at the end of paper.D. using fewer descriptive words.Mini—talk two13A. organic farming can reduce soil erosion.B. organic crops produce lower yields.C. organically grown food taste strange.D organic farming is better for the environment.14.A. it will grow 70%.B. it tends to be relatively stable.C. it is expected to decline.D. it could double .15 A. organic farming on large scale.B. a combination of organic and conventional methods.C. conventional farming without any use of fertilizers.D. genetic farming used with caution.Section c (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.16.whether it’s your friend’s term paper or words of a well-known author, plagiarism is ___(3 words).17.first, when Cassie quotes an author directly, she uses ___(2 words) around the words.18. second, she is careful to use ____(4 words) when she’s not quoting directly.19. third, she can use ideas like drawings, speeches, music, structural models and statistics as long as ____(3words).20. and lastly, she is aware that some ideas are __(2 words) and don’t need a source.2011年1月Part 1Section A (1 point each)Directions: in this section. you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. The conversation and the question will be read only once. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.1.A.He was beaten by a fellow worker.B. He was laughed at by a fellow worker.C. He was fired from his work.D. He was replaced by his co-worker.2.A. He did it like everyone else.B. He was not speeding basically.C. He would like to pay the fine.D. The policeman was unfair to him.3.A. Talk about their fishing experiences.B. Drive the woman’s dad to the station together.C. Put off their fishing plan for the next weekend.D. Go fishing after the woman sees her dad off.4.A. She thought the man’s project had been finished.B. She didn’t know the man’s project was urgent.C. She thinks the man shouldn’t be so stressed.D. She thinks the man has exaggerated about his project.5.A. He knows psychology very well.B. Psychology is beyond his comprehension.C. Psychology is his major.D. He has forgotten the theory of psychology.6.A. It’s pleasant surprise.B. It’s really unexpected.C. It’s very sad.D. It’s a pity.7.A. He was disappointed with the service.B. He was satisfied with the service.C. He finally got what he wanted.D. He would like to try it again.8.A. He didn’t finish his finals week.B. He failed most of his examinations.C. He couldn’t remember what he had prepared in the exams.D. He couldn’t concentrate during the exams.9. A. Not enjoyable.B. Just so so.C. It’s his favorite.D. He likes it.Section B (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear two Mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once.. After each question, there will be a pause. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.Mini-talk one10.A. To start up her own business.B. To gain experience.C. To save for her tuition.D. To help her family.11.A. Because he could have more spare credits.B. Because the 15-credit-plan was more cost-efficient.C Because he had to make up 15 credits.D Because the 15-credit-plan was easier.12.A. To become an intern.B. To challenge traditions.C. To start up her own business.D. To get a full-time job.Mini—talk two13.A. The united states has declares its independence.B. Lady liberty is a gift from the people of France.C. The American people have shaken off oppression.D. The United States has broken off its relations with UK.14.A. Lady liberty.B. Liberty lady .C. The statue of liberty.D. Liberty enlightening the world.15.A. By bus.B. By boat.C. By car.D. By subway.Section c (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.16. Mental health experts also include other disorders like___ that affect millions of people.17. Mental health problems are most severe in poor countries that ___ to deal with them.18. About half of all mental health problems first appear before ______.19. According to the WTO, how many people suffered from depression in 2009?20. The disability caused by mental disorders can also be a big impact on ______.2011年6月Part 1Section A (1 point each)Directions: in this section. you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. The conversation and the question will be read only once. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.1.A. Go shopping.B. Go car racing.C. Go to work.D. Go on a trip.2.A. Because she hasn’t been on line lately.B . Because she has too much work to do.C. Because she is on vacation.D. Because she has been busy typing.3.A.Go to an emergency exit.B. Enjoy herself in the park.C. Move her van right away.D. try to find the road sign.4.A. A secretary.B.A salesperson.C. A tennis player.D. A receptionist.5.A. She deserves the promotion.B. She has to transfer to another job site.C. She’ll pay for the dinner this time.D. She’ll invite her parents over for a celebration.6.A. She should drop the biochemistry class.B She should try harder.C. He prefers to learn rocket science.D. He can’t understand it either.7.A. She totally dislikes it.B. She prefers the old one.C. It may lake practical value.D. It is much better than expected.8.A. 7:00 amB. 7:30 am.C. 9:00 amD. 9:30 am.9.A. She was told about the trip beforehand.B. She was helped to pick up the beans.C. She was so excited that she revealed the news.D. She was not enthusiastic about the trip.Section B (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear two Mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once.. After each question, there will be a pause. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.Mini-talk one10.A. High expectations.B. Excellent and value.C. Terror and violence.D. Strength and power.11.A. Attend a sleepover.B. Play a piece of music.C. Watch TV.D. Be in a school play.12.A. Her parenting methods are limited to Chinese families.B. She brought up her daughters with an extreme parenting method.C. Her daughters were given enough time to follow their own interests.D. She had low expectations of children’s abilities.Mini—talk two13.A. 650 million dollars.B 560 million dollars.C 40 million dollars.D. 50 million dollars.14.A. Saint Paul.B. The Chapel of Love.C. The Nickelodeon Universe.D. The Underwater Adventures Aquarium.15.A. Tasting delicious food.B. Getting married.C. Visiting a campus.D. Seeing ocean animals.Section c (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.16. The first tip on how to reduce your test stress is to use a little stress_____.17. Good study ____ are important to learning effectively and doing well on tests.18.If you find yourself thinking negative thoughts, replace them with _____.19. Everyone makes mistakes. Learning to tolerate small _____ is a valuable skill.20. Taking care of your health can help keep your mind ___.2011年12月Part 1Section A (1 point each)Directions: in this section. you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, there will be a question. The conversation and the question will be read only once. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.1.A. He’ll get promoted.B. He’ll get another job.C He’ll be disappointed.D He’ll give a talk.2.A. $3.78B. $4.25C. $3.87D. $4.153.A. It was just so-so.B. It was really special.C. It was quite good.D. It was awful.4.A. The woman should divorce her husband.B. The woman is thinking negatively.C. The woman is ignoring her husband.D. The woman is not imaginative.5.A. It seems too hard to most students.B. It is the most boring class.C. What is taught comes directly from the book.D. It is quite popular among students.6. A.Jennifer was a real stand-out.B. Jennifer had an impractical wish.C Jennifer used to like eating pies.D Jennifer realized her dreams.7.A. It’s hard to explain.B. It’s an unforgettable history.C. He cherishes their friendship.D. He is pretty busy.8.A. He is a gardener.B. He is an electrician.C. He is a plumber.D. He is a cleaner.9.A. Visit his doctor.B. Get a massage.C. Leave for a trip.D. Cancel an appointment.Section B (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear two Mini-talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once.. After each question, there will be a pause. you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet.Mini-talk one10.A. Columbia university.B. Princeton university.C. The university of Pennsylvania.D. Cornell university.11.A. It is settled.B. It is not controversial.C. It is uncertain.D. It has never been studied.12.A.2%B7%C12%D17%Mini—talk two13.A. John Fitzgerald Kennedy.B. Jacqueline Kennedy.C. Dwight Eisenhower.D. Edward Durrell Stone.14.A.The opera house.B. The concert hall.C. The family theater.D. The states gallery.15.A. The performing arts.B. Creation of new works.C. Methods of competition.D. The history of western music.Section c (1 point each)Directions: in this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture. You will hear the recording twice. After the recording you are asked to write down you answers on the answer sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the notes below.16. Dyna TAC 8000X was a ___ often called “the brick”.17.The second generation or 2G network, allowed talking and___.18.3G Users could keep ____ on their phones, and send them to their friends.19. Modern cell phones can show movies and ______.20. Many electronics stores in the united states even ____ the newest cell phones if customers agree to use the network.。
研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷11(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷11(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1-hour travel-time (46) to automobile travel. The very large demand for air travel (or high-speed rail travel) that will be manifest in 2050 (47) to only 12 minutes per person a day; a little time goes a long way in the air. In several developing regions, most travel (48) in 2050 will still be devoted to nonmotorized modes. Buses will persist whatever it is the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades. (49) important air travel becomes, buses, automobiles and even low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions. (50) of the super-rich already commute and shop in aircraft, but average people will continue to spend most of their travel time on the ground.61．(41)A．franklyB．exceptionallyC．unfortunatelyD．notably正确答案：D解析：从语义上说，前者与后者呈递进关系，因此notably“特别突出地”符合要求。
2023年1月研究生英语学位课程统考真题
1月硕士英语学位课统考真题PAPER ONEPart I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (15 minutes, 15 points)Section A ( 1 point each )Directions:In this part, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The questions will be spoken only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.1. A. Ann likes orange T-shirts best.B. Ann hates to wear an orange T-shirt in the daytime.C. Ann wears an orange T-shirt to keep mosquitoes away.D. The man doesn't like an orange T-shirt.2. A. To entertain himself.B. To go to other countries.C. To become more valuable.D. To broaden his mind.3. A. He turns a deaf ear to what the woman said.B. He agrees with the woman.C. He thinks the woman is thoughtless.D. He doesn't think she knows the direction.4. A. The car is not big enough.B. The car is not good enough.C. He only promised to buy a small car.D. He can't afford to buy the car.5. A. 350,000.B. 315,000.C. 3,500,000.D. 3,150,000.6. A. He will not take the shower before the meeting.B. He will not go to the meeting at all.C. He will have to attend the meeting.D. He will be late for the meeting again.7. A. He is in a bad mood.B. He is more efficient in writing.C. He enjoys himself more.D. He doesn't feel comfortable.8. A. He got to know it from government statistics.B. He found the fact on the Internet.C. He learned it from a gift book.D. He got the fact by studying in the library.9. A. He will persuade his parents.B. He will lie to his parents.C. He will go without his parents' permission.D. He will go somewhere else before going skiing.Section B (1 point each)Directions: In this part you will hear two short talks. At the end of each talk, there will be some questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must choose the best answer from the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.10. A. How to take care of little babies.B. How to become qualified parents.C. A single parent should pay more attention to the baby's development.D. Many parents don't know how to help babies develop in intelligence.11. A. Watching them.B. Holding them.C. Reading to them.D. Playing with them.12. A. The first five months.B. The first year.C. The first three years.D. The first five years.13. A. She invited educational reformers to teach in her school.B. She invited teachers from Germany to work in her school.C. She went to Germany to find staff for her school.D. She asked famous scholars to teach the staff in her school.14. A. 29,670.B. 29,617.C. 29,760.D. 29,716.15. A. They helped the poor children with donations.B. They persuaded the children to go to kindergartens.C. They taught the mothers how to teach their children.D. They taught children songs, poems and games.Section C (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear a talk. Complete the sentence and answer the questions below. You will hear the recording twice. At the end of the talk there will be a 3-minute pause, during which time you are asked to write down your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions or sentences below.(请在录音结束后把16－20题旳答案抄在答题纸上)16. What was the occupation of the advocator of the Metropolitan Museum of Art?A lawyer17. Where is the present location of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City?In Central Park on Fifth (5th) Avenue18. Why have another six additional wings been built since 1975?To house the museum’s growing collections19. The museum has collected more than three million objects in every known artistic medium.20. Besides being a tourist attraction and an educational institution, the museum also serves asa place for (advanced) research (project) .Part II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.21. In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed due to isolation,A. capableB. ingeniousC. innovativeD. hard-working22. Because of the struggle put up by the Women's Lib, many women have found good careers.A. initiatedB. proposedC. supportedD. terminated23. The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking.A. confirmB. emphasizeC. enhanceD. enlighten24. Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photograph of a human flag.A. surprisinglyB. indescribablyC. permanentlyD. uniquely25. The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties.A. informationB. intellectC. brainD. wisdom26. To me, St. Francis embodied the ideal blend of spirituality and public service.A. compositionB. mixtureC. elaborationD. speculation27. In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps.A. Based onB. PrecedingC. FollowingD. Targeted at28. The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.A. fluctuatingB. increasingC. diminishingD. overwhelming29. It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get through the disaster.A. decisivelyB. eventuallyC. somewhatD. somehow30. At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster was around the corner.A. coming to an endB. still in the airC. soon to happenD. out of the questionSection B (0. 5 point each)Directions: There are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding Letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.31. Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to your hero's image?A. come up withB. live up toC. catch up onD. add up to32. In the worst times of life, you have to take full advantage of the beautiful things that .A. come alongB. come byC. come acrossD. come to33. Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would discussions and ignore comments not in agreement with his.A. facilitateB. illustrateC. illuminateD. dominate34. Anderson held out his arms to the attack, but the shark grabbed his right forearm and dived.A. turn offB. ward offC. trigger offD. call off35. Her excellent of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.A. standardB. criterionC. evaluationD. command36. Because colleges can't take all students with basic qualifications, to college is competitive.A. admirationB. approachC. admissionD. assignment37. Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 for the rescue of China's first astronaut.A. touched downB. turned downC. settled downD. shot down38. The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hardships will long .A. tolerateB. bearC. endureD. withhold39. The belief that it's healthy to let off steam no longer , for we are working under heavy pressure.A. holdsB. carriesC. takesD. stands40. Handbags made of leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality.A. systematicB. syntheticC. sympatheticD. statisticPart III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes. 15 points, 1 point each)Directions: There are 10 questions in this part of the test. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding Letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41 to learn new work-related skills to move their career in a new direction."Evening classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones," says Jessica Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UK's Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year ago. During the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44 photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague from work was doing the same course and we became great friends. We 46 doing a millennium exhibition together.”Finally, Jory left her job and is now a full-time photographer of fashion and 47 .However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance,”advises Rolphe. “Make sure you are doing a course that really is 50 and that the institute you are d oing it at is highly respected.”41. A. separately B. spiritually C. specifically D. socially42. A. updating B. uprising C. uprooting D. upholding43. A. terms B. occasions C. consequences D. cases44. A. perspiring B. aspiring C. expiring D. conspiring45. A. specialty B. phase C. opportunity D. period46. A. gave in B. ended up C. ceased to D. resulted from47. A. qualifications B. characters C. portraits D. personalities48. A. deliver B. delight C. determine D. detect49. A. up B. for C. into D. in50. A. redundant B. reserved C. resolved D. relevantPart IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are five short passages. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer from the four choices given and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage OneThe worst thing about television and radio is that they entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves.A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a violin and play it. Now, all he has to do is turn on the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined.Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they don't do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world.There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Similarly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain family or friends by himself?These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anything is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, webecome deaf. We're alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo.I count myself extremely lucky to have been born before TV became so common. I was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could feel.Professional actors' performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because it's mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and hopelessly out of tune. At least it is meaningful self-entertainment,51. The main idea of this passage is that .A. TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and musicB. TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselvesC. people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to singD. parents should sing songs and read books aloud to their children52. According to the passage, Italians .A. only sing songs in HollywoodB. are no longer fond of musicC. only sing and dance in villagesD. don't sing much nowadays53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amateur singing?A. It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.B. People don't want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.C. Amateurs feel shy if they cannot sing as well as the professionals.D. Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people.54. On hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was .A. very excitedB. very frightenedC. very nervousD. very surprised55. By slating “We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo,” the author means .A. we come back to life at the music provided by the TV and the stereoB. we only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereoC. we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereoD. we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo56. The author's attitude toward karaoke is .A. negativeB. positiveC. neutralD. indifferentPassage TwoIf those “mad moments”— when you can't recall what your friend has told you or where you left your keys—are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help.Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years,” said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. “I'm convinced that it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program,” he added.In his book, The Memory Bible, the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the 10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, minimizing stress, mental exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. It's a game plan for keeping brain cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape.“Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesn't mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fight back,”he said.Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if you want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a prominent eyebrow,” said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot of Warren Beatty kissing her brow.”Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing," he added.He also recommends physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants(抗氧化剂) including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.57. The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to when we .A. have some mental problemsB. have lost our important thingsC. don't listen to what our friends tell us to doD. fail to remember what should be remembered58. In this passage, the author mainly tells us that .A. everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of one's ageB. we can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methodsC. brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30sD. memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old59. According to this passage, .A. the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesn't work for everyoneB. Dr. Small's memory tests can show you what to do about brain agingC. Dr. Small's advice can help us fight brain aging effectivelyD. our brains can reconstruct memories themselves60. In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly .A. provides us with the weapons for attacking othersB. introduces the tools that help us fight against memory lossC. tells us about the important things we should never forgetD. explains the facial features useful for us to remember people61. By saying “I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create...her brow,” Dr. Small is trying to explain how to use the memory tool of .A. impressing rapidlyB. minimizing stressC. connecting related thingsD. observing carefully62. According to Dr. Small, .A. left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers doB. learning a foreign language does not help to keep our brain from getting oldC. doing crossword puzzles is the best way to keep us from memory lossD. mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain agingPassage ThreeThrough the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably. Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understanding of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginnings of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, MaoTse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it.But tales and reflective observation are not enough except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasn't easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations from ineffective organizations.Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation. Most of these definitions don't agree with each other, and many of them would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends. They don't always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. It's as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: “The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained.”Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Some looked at the leader. Some looked at the situation. None has stood the test of time. With such a track record, it is understandable why leadership research and theory have been so frustrating as to deserve the label "the La Brea Tar Pits" of organizational inquiry. Located in Los Angeles, these asphalt pits house the remains of a long sequence of prehistoric animals that came to investigate but never left the area.63. In regard of leadership competencies, the author suggests that people have .A. believed in their existenceB. learned to apply them extensivelyC. found it very difficult to acquire themD. been unable to realize their importance64. Several big names are mentioned in the first paragraph mainly to show their .A. different styles of leadershipB. effective exercise of leadershipC. contributions to the theory of leadershipD. wisdom in applying the theory of leadership65. According to the author, people's opinions of leadership are on the whole quite .A. dividedB. originalC. misleadingD. sophisticated66. The author thinks that .A. many people have labored to be leadersB. leaders are beyond our understandingC. the essence of leadership has not been graspedD. the definitions of leadership should vary67. “The La Brea Tar Pits” probably signifies things that .A. can be traced back to the prehistoric ageB. are traps for those who want to inquireC. are located in one place foreverD. don't deserve full investigation68. This passage is mainly concerned with .A. the inconsistent theories of leadershipB. the famous leaders and their theoriesC. the changes in the trend of leadershipD. the inaccurate definitions of leadershipPassage FourWhen you leave a job with a traditional pension, don't assume you've lost the chance to collect it. You're entitled to whatever benefit you've earned—and you might even be entitled to take it now. “A lot of people forget they have it, or they think that by waiting until they're 65, they'll have a bigger benefit,”says Wayne Bogosian, president of the PFE Group, which provides corporate pre-retirement education.Your former employers should send you a certificate that says how much your pension is worth. If it's less than $ 5,000, or if the company offers a lump-sum payout, it will generallyclose your account and cash you out. It may not seem like much, but $5,000 invested over 20 years at eight percent interest is $23,000. If your pension is worth more than $ 5,000, or your company doesn't offer the lump-sum option, find out how much money you're eligible for at the plan's normal retirement age, the earlier age at which you can collect the pension, the more severe penalty for collecting it early. You'll probably still come out ahead by taking the money now and investing it.What if you left a job years ago, and you're realizing you may have unwittingly left behind a pension? Get help from the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. It has an online search tool that has helped locate $47 million in lost benefits for more than 12,000 workers.If you have a traditional pension, retiring early costs more than you might expect. Most people assume you take a proportional cut for leaving before your plan's normal retirement age. For example, you might think that if you need to accrue 30 years of service and you leave three years early, you'd get a pension 90 percent of the full amount.But that's not how it works. Instead, you take an actuarial reduction, determined by the employer but often around five percent a year, for each year you leave early. So retiring three years early could leave you with only 85 percent of the total amount.When you retire early with a defined-contribution plan, the problem is you start spending investments on which you could be earning interest. If you retire when you're 55, for example, and start using the traditional pension then, by age 65 you'll have only about half of what you would have had if you'd kept working until 65.69. When one leaves a job with a traditional pension, .A. he tends to forget that he has the pensionB. he has no right to ask for the pensionC. he'll have a bigger benefit than if he waits until the age of 65D. he has a specified worth of pension70. If the retiree's pension is less than $5,000, it is wise of him to .A. ask the company for a lump-sum payoutB. require his former boss to figure out the value of his pensionC. take the pension with him and make a profit out of itD. collect the pension at his retirement plan's normal retirement age71. If one leaves early before his plan's normal retirement age, .A. he'll take 90 percent of the total amount of his pensionB. he'll have half of his pension paymentsC. he'll have his pension payment reduced by 5% a yearD. he'll have only 85 percent of his full pension72. If one retires early with a defined-contribution plan, he is expected to .A. earn less interestB. be better off than with a traditional pensionC. start investment immediatelyD. get less Social Security benefits73. Which of the following can be used as the subtitle for the last three paragraphs?A. Your Payout Is Not Guaranteed.B. The Retirement Dilemma.C. Leave Early, Lose Big.D. Take the Pension with You.74. Which of the following is NOT true?A. If one leaves 3 years early on a 30-year-service basis, he won't get a pension worth27/30ths.B. It pays to get an early retirement if one understands how retirement pension plan works.C. The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation helps the retiree to recover last benefits.D. If one keeps his expenses within his retirement framework, he won't be severelyaffected.Passage FiveIn a landmark decision, U. S. District Judge Leonie Brinkema ruled November 23, 1998, in Mainstream Loudown v.Board of Trustees of the Loudown County Library that the use of blocking software to restrict Internet access in public libraries is unconstitutional. Despite the library's claims that its actions were justified in the name of “protecting minors from harmful content,”Judge Brinkema ruled that the library could not reduce adult access to standards established for children.“The use of blocking software in libraries offends the guarantee of free speech,” she ruled, and “constitutes a prior restraint”on all speech. The Loudown County X-Stop software blocked access to a wide range of websites, including those of Quakers, the conservative Heritage Foundation, and AIDS education groups, as well as information about banned books and safe sex.Relying on Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union, Brinkema rejected arguments that the installation of such filtering devices constitutes “a library acquisition decision, to which the First Amendment does not apply.”She pointed out that, since the library had originally。
研究生学位英语考试试题_江西[1]
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硕士研究生学位英语考试（模拟试题Part II Cloze (10 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the one that best fits in to the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.Mankind’s fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself. The ancient Egyptians respected gold, which had a religious 1 to them, and King Tutankhamun was buried in a sold-gold coffin 3,300 years ago. The wandering Israelites 2 a golden calf, and the legendary King Midas asked that everything he touched 3 into gold.4 only is gold beautiful, but it is5 indestructible. It will not rust or corrode; gold coins and products6 from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries. Gold is extremely easy to7 ; one ounce, which is about the size of a cube of sugar, can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size, and become to thin that light passes through it. An ounce of gold can also be8 into a wore 50 miles long. Gold9 electricity better than any other10 and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.People have always longed to 1 gold. Unfortunately, this longing has also 12 the worst in the human character. The Spanish conquerors of the 16th century robbed palaces, 13 and graves, and killed thousands of Indians in their 14 search for gold. Even today, the economic running of South Africa’s mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about 40 pounds a month, plus room and board, and who must work in condition that can only be 15 as cruel.Historically, the desire to keep gold at home has been primarily 16 of the working and peasant chasses, who have no 17 in paper money. George Bernard Shaw 18 their instincts eloquently: “You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stability of the 19 and intelligence of members of the government”, he said, “and with due respect to these gentlemen, I advise you … to 20 for gold.”1. A. significance B. capability C. conception D. qualification2. A. bred B. grazed C. prayed D. worshiped3. A. turned B. was turned C. be turned D. to be turned4. A. It B. If C. Even D. Not5. A. apparently B. reversibly C. virtually D. actually6. A. fabricate B. to fabricate C. fabricating D. fabricated7. A. hand down B. work with C. wear out D. pay off8. A. expanded B. amplified C. stretched D. prolonged9. A. conveys B. conducts C. handles D. transplants10. A. substance B. component C. essence D. ingredient11. A. possess B. preserve C. explore D. rob12. A. backed up B. pulled out C. brought out D. amounted to13. A. churches B. temples C. nurseries D. cathedrals14. A. ruthless B. merciful C. aggressive D. maximal15. A. considered B. described C. illustrated D. characterized16. A. a commitment B. a job C. a profession D. an occupation17. A. royalty B. faith C. fidelity D. credit18. A. defended B. criticized C. commented D. narrated19. A. honesty B. delicacy C. capability D. confidence20. A. select B. choose C. elect D. votePart III Reading Comprehension (35 points)Passage 1One of the greatest mysteries of the world, for which scientists have so far been unable to find any satisfactory explanation, is the Bermuda Triangle, sometimes called “The Graveyard of the Atlantic.” This is an area of the Western Atlantic between Bermuda and Florida, roughly triangular in shape, where since 1845 at least a hundred ships and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared. No wreckage has been found, no bodies, lifebelts or any other evidence of disaster. It is as if these planes, ships and people had never existed. In some cases a routine radio message has been received from aircraft reporting everything in order a few minutes before all contact was lost, in others a weak S.O.S. message has been picked up and in perfect weather, inexplicable references to fog and loss of bearings. In the extraordinary case of five U.S. navy planes disappearing on a routine mission from Florida, the rescue plane sent to locate them vanished also. There have been references to the curious white light which is a feature of the sea in part of this area, and it is interesting to note that not only was this light observed by the astronauts o their way to space, but was also noted by Columbus, five centuries ago. Whether this light has any connection with the mysterious disappearances is unknown — it is just another curious circumstance as yet unexplained.Many theories, some bordering on the fantastic, have been advanced to account for the disturbing incidents that occur in the area of the Bermuda Triangle. It has been asked whether these disappearances are caused by extraterrestrial activity, by some undiscovered source of energy, or some dimension of time or space unguessed at by Man. There is no answer and speculation continues as anxiety increases.21.What is the most puzzling feature of the incidents that have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle area?A.The unexplained wreckage found in the area.B.The lack of evidence of disaster.C.The appearance of the wreckage.D.The disastrous losses in the area.22.Before contact with missing aircraft has been lost _______.A.unidentified signals have sometimes been received.B.confusing signals have sometimes been receivedC.the pilot has invariably reported bad weather conditionsD.the pilot has never made any request for assistance23.The five United States Navy planes that disappeared were _______.A.trying to locate a missing planeB.trying to rescue a plane in troubleC.on a special missionD.on a normal flight24.The curious white lights observed on the surface of the sea in the Bermuda Triangle area _______.A.were only seen by astronautB.were unearthed by ColumbusC.were seen from a spacecraftD.were not discovered for five centuries25.The cause of the disappearances of ships and planes in the area is ____.A.known only by laymenB.inexplicable to scientistsC.known only to scientistsprehensible only to scientistPassage 2Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery. It reduces the human factors, mental and physical, in production, and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers. The development of automation in Americanindustry has been called the “Second Industrial Revolution”.Labor’s concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment, and fears of major changes in jobs. In the main, labor has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful. Eventually, the result of automation my well be an increase in employment, since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing, maintaining, and repairing automation equipment. The interest of labor lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved. Also, union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages, more leisure, and improved living standards.To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation, unions have adopted a number of new policies. One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit planes. It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment, he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments. Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements, requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service. Another approach is the idea of the “improvement factor”, which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity. It is possible, however, that labor will rely mainly in reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation.26.Though labor worries about the effects of automation, it never doubts that _______.A.automation will eventually prevent unemploymentB.automation will help workers acquire new skillsC.automation will eventually benefit the workers no less than the employersD.automation is a trend which cannot be stopped27.The idea of the “improvement factor”(para.3) implies roughly _______.A.wages should be paid on the basis of length of serviceB.the benefit of the increased production and lower costs should be shared by workersC.supplementary unemployment benefit plans should be promotedD.about with the minimum of inconvenience and distress to workers28.In order to get the full benefits of automation, labor will depend mostly on _______.A.additional payment to the permanently dismissed workersB.the increase of wages in proportion to the increase in productivityC.shorter working hours and more leisure timeD.strong drive for planning new installations29.Which of the following can best sum up the passage?A.Advantages and disadvantage of automation.bor and the effects of automation.C.Unemployment benefit plans and automation.D.Social benefits of automation.Passage 3President Lincoln was leaning lightly forward with his hand on the railing. He had turned his head to look into the audience. Pulling around the flag that decorated the box, he was looking between the pillar and the flag. It was at this moment, 10:15 P.M., that John Wilkes Booth entered the door to box 8 and fired the fatal shot. A single-shot derringer, about six inches long, was fired by Booth at close range. The bullet entered Lincoln’s head and lodged close behind the right eye. The President slumped forward in his chair and then backward, never to regain consciousness.Quickly Major Rathbone sprang upon the assassin. Booth dropped the gun, broke from Rathbo ne’s grasp, and lunged at him with a large knife. Rathbone received a deep wound in his left arm above the elbow. Booth placed one hand on the railing to the left of the centre pillar, and jumped over the railing.Pathnone again seized Booth but caught onl y his clothing. As he leaped, Booth’s right boot struck the framed picture of George Washington. The spur on his heel caught in the fringe of the flag and brought it down, tearing a strip with it. These obstacles caused the assassin to lose his balance, and he fell awkwardly on the stage, He landed in a kneeling position with his left leg resting on the stage. In the fall, the large bone of his left leg was fractured about two inches above the ankle.The actor regained his balance like an athlete, and was supposed to have waved his dagger and shouted, “Sic Semper Tyrannis” (Thus always with tyrants), before dashing across the stage. Harry Hawk, seeing Booth coming toward him with a knife, ran through the centre doorway on the stage and up a flight of stairs.Leaving the stage on the north side of the theatre, Booth passed between Laura Keene and young William J. Ferguson, standing near a desk. In the narrow aisle leading from the stage to rear door, Booth bumped into William Withers Jr., the orchestra leader. He slashed twice at Withers, cutting his cost and knocking him to the floor before rushing out of the door. Grasping the horse’s reins from Mr. Burroughts, Booth felled him with the butt end of his knife. He then mounted his hose and rode swiftly from the alley. History had been made.30.Lincoln was shot while he was sitting in _______.A.the balconyB. the front rowC. the back rowD. a box seat31.The person who first tried to stop Booth was _______.A.FergusonB. WithersC. KeeneD. Rathbone32.In a fall to the stage, Booth fractured his _______.A.ArmB. ankleC. backD. leg33.The author arranges details _______.A.in order of importanceB. in order of timeC. in order of interestD.in order of space34.When Booth shouted “Sic Semper Tyrannis”, _______.A.he was scolding Major RathboneB. he was referring to himselfC. he was calling Lincoln a tyrantD. he was making a reference to his enemies35.The author develops his writhing through _______.A.personal opinionsB. vivid descriptionsC. scientific factsD. logical reasoningPassage 4Testing has replaced teaching in most public schools. My own children’s school week is framed by pretests, drills, tests, and retests. They know that the best way to read a textbook is to look at the questions at the end of the chapter and then skim the text for the answers. I believe that my daughter Erica, who gets excellent marks, has never read a chapter of any of her school textbooks all the way through. And teachers are often heard to state proudly and openly that they teach to the mandated state test.Teaching to the test is a curious phenomenon. Instead of deciding what skills students ought to learn, helping students learn them, and then using some sensible methods of assessment to discover whether students have mastered the skills, teachers are encouraged to reverse the process. First one looks at a commercially available test. Then one distills the skills needed not to master reading, say, or math, but to do well on the test. Finally, the test skills are taught.The ability to read or write or calculate might imply the ability to do reasonably well on standardized tests. However, neither reading nor writing develops simply through being taught to take tests. We must be careful to avoid mistaking preparation for a test of a skill with the acquisition of that skill. Too many discussions of basic skills make this fundamental confusion because people are test-obsessed rather than concerned with the nature and quality of what is taught.Recently, many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or, in simpleterms, the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still being unable to understand what they read. These students are competent at test taking and filling in workbooks and ditto masters. However, they have little or no experience reading or thinking, and talking about what they read. They know the details but can’t see or understand the whole. They are taught to be so concerned with grade that they have no time or ease of mind to think about meaning, and reread things if necessary.36.The author gives an account of Erica’s performance in her study in order to _______.A.illustrate her cleverness in test-takingB.reveal the incompetence of teachersC.show there is something wrong with the current practice in teachingD.demonstrate the best way to read textbooks.37.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.The phenomenon of teaching to the test has aroused curiosity in many educators.B.Skills in general are not only useless but often lead students astray.C.Ability to read and write is one thing, and ability to do well on standardized tests is quiteanotherD.Preparation for a test of a skill does not necessarily mean the acquisition of that skill.38.The author insists that _______.A.mandated state tests be replaced by some more sensible methods of assessment.B.Teachers pay more attention to the nature and quality of what is taught.C.Students not be concerned with grades but do more reading and thinking.D.Radical changes be brought about in the general approach to teaching39.We can safely conclude that _______ may cause educational problems.A.test obsessionB. standardized testsC. test-takingD. preparation for mandated state tests40.By “crisis of comprehension ” the author means ma ny students _______.A.are too much concerned with gradesB.fail to understand the real goal of educationck proper practice in phonic and grammar drillsD.are unable to understand what they read, though they do reasonably well on standardized testsPassage 5Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad or worse than the hazards of smoking too many cigarettes. All right then, let’s pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Let’s put and end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer — alcoholism.But wait. We’ve already tried that. For 13years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down—abolished by an amendment to the Constitution (to18th) and by a law of Congress (the Volstead Act). After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of “intoxicating liquors.” Without any more liquor, people could not drink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drink — or two or three. They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkers were lucky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime anddrunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition. Instead, people drank more alcohol than ever — often poisoned alcohol.On December 5, 1933, they repealed Prohibition by ratifying the 21th Amendment to the Constitution.41.Which of the following was NOT characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment tothe Constitution and the Volstead Act?A.There would no further danger to the public from alcoholism.B.There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.C.Without liquor, people would not drink.D.People would not become drunk or create a public nuisance.42.During Prohibition, illegal alcohol was _______.A.sold openlyB.no longer a temptationC. a major factor in the passage of the Volstead ActD.brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders43.During Prohibition, people _______.A.lived in fear of the law.B.were willing to risk arrest for the pleasure of liquorC.recklessly endangered their communitiesD.were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them44.When enacting the prohibition laws, government officials assumed that _______.A.every American would buy alcohol illegallyB.all criminal activities would ceaseC.patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcoholD.the social threat from drunkenness would decline45.It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A.the Congress was wise to repeal ProhibitionB.the Prohibition Era was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkennessC.during Prohibition, most Americans stopped drinkingws should be passed to ban the sale of alcoholic beveragesPassage SixIs it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always bad and usually foolish, but in the past the human race managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is unclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in killing people, but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic statements which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them.The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years age. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die,that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between Man and the atom bomb.46.This passage implies that war is now _______.A.worse than in the pastB.as bad as in the pastC.not so dangerous as in the pastD.as necessary as in the past47.In the sentence “To do this, we need to persuade mankind.” (Paragraph 1), “this” refer to ____?A.abolish warB.improve weaponsC.solve international problemsD.live a peaceful life48.From paragraph 2 we learn that the writer of the passage _______.A.is an adherent of some modern ideologiesB.does not think that the adoption of any ideology could prevent warC.believes that the adoption of some ideologies could prevent warD.does not doubt the truth of any ideologies49.According to the writer, ____.A.war is the only way to solve international disputesB.war will be less dangerous because of the improvement of weaponsC.it is impossible for people to live without warD.war must be abolished if man wants to survive50.The last paragraph suggests that _______.A.international agreements can be reached more easilyB.man begins to realize the danger of nuclear warC.nuclear war will definitely not take placeD.world opinion welcomes nuclear warPassage SevenFor years there have been endless articles stating that scientists are on the verge of achieving artificial intelligence, that it is just around the corner. The truth is that it may be just around the corner, but they haven’t yet found the right block.Artificial intelligence aims to build machines that can think. One immediate problem is to define thought, which is harder than you might think. The specialists in the field of artificial intelligence complain, with some justification, that anything that their machines do is dismissed as not being thought. For example, computers can now play very, very good chess. They can’t beat the greatest players in the world, but they can beat just about anybody else. If a human being played chess at this level, he or she would certainly be considered smart. Why not a machine? The answer is that the machine doesn’t do anything clever in playing chess. It uses its blinding speed to do a brute-force search of all possible moves for several moves ahead, evaluates the outcomes and picks the best. Humans don’t play chess that way. They see patterns, which computers don’t.This wooden approach to thought characterizes machine intelligence. Computers have no judgment, no flexibility, no common sense, So-called expert systems, one of the hottest areas in artificial intelligence, aim to mimic the reasoning processes of human experts in a limited field, such as medical diagnosis or weather forecasting. There may be limited commercial applications for this sort of thing, but there is no way to make a machine that can think about anything, under the sun, which a teenager can do.The hallmark of artificial intelligence to date is that if a problem is severely restricted, amachine can achieve limited success. But when the problem is expanded to a realistic one, computers fall flat on their display screens. For example, machines can understand a few words spoken individually by a speaker that they have been trained to hear. They cannot understand continuous speech using an unlimited vocabulary spoken by just any speaker.51.From the passage, we know that the writer _______.A.think that scientists are about to achieve artificial intelligenceB.doubts whether scientists can ever achieve artificial intelligenceC.does not think that scientists have found real artificial intelligenceD.is sure that scientists have achieved artificial intelligence52.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraph 2?A.The writer thinks that the specialists’ complaints don’t have any reasons.B.Anything that the computer does can be regarded as thought.C.It is very hard to define thoughtputer play chess in exactly the same way as humans.53.The advantage of the computer in playing chess lies in _______.A.its cleverness in thinking out original movesB.its ability to pick up the best out of all possible moves very quicklyC.its flexibility in choosing several different movesD.its ability to see patterns54.What is the characteristic of machine intelligence?A.Its correct judgment.B.Its high flexibility.C.Its ability to think about anything.D.Its rigid approach to thought.55.Which of the following statements about computers is TRUE according to the passage?puters can beat any chess player in the world.puters can never be used to forecast weather.puters can be trained to understand some words spoken by a speaker.puters can be made to think as a teenager does.Part IV Translation (20 points)Section A Put the following into Chinese on your Answer sheet.The U.S. side stated: Peace in Asia and peace in the world requires efforts both to reduce immediate tensions and to eliminate the basic causes of conflict. The U.S. will work for a just and secure peace: just, because it fulfills the aspirations of peoples and nations for freedom and progress; secure, because it removes the danger of foreign aggression. The U.S. supports individual freedom and social progress for all the peoples of the world, free of outside pressure or intervention. The U.S. believes that the effort to reduce tensions is served by improving communication between countries that have different ideologies so as to lessen the risks of confrontation through accident, miscalculation or misunderstanding. Countries should treat each other with mutual respect and be willing to compete peacefully, letting performance be the ultimate judge.Section B Put the following into English on your Answer sheet.实行科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略。
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题及答案
Even so, dog cloning is a commercial opportunity, with a nice research payoff.Ever since Dolly the sheep was cloned in 1997, Westhusin’s phone at A&M College of Veterinary Medicine has been ringing busily.Cost is no obstacle for customers like Missy’s mysterious owner, who wishes to remain unknown to protect his privacy.He’s plopped down $3.7 million so far to fund the research because he wants a twin to carry on Missy’s fine qualities after she dies.But he knows her clone may not have her temperament.In a statement of purpose, Missy’s owners and the A&M team say they are “both looking forward to studying the ways that her clone differs from Missy.”
Some people, however, 8 to the very idea of persuasion.They may regard it as an unwelcome intrusion 9 their lives or as a manipulation or domination.10 , we believe that persuasion is 11 —to live is to persuade.Persuasion may be ethical or unethical, selfless or selfish, 12 or degrading.Persuaders may enlighten our minds or 13 on our vulnerability.Ethical persuasion, however, calls 14 sound reasoning and is sensitive to the feelings and needs of listeners.Such persuasion can help us 15 the wisdom of the past to the decisions we now must make.16 , an essential part of education is learning to 17 the one kind of persuasion and to encourage and practise the other.
研究生英语学位课统考(GET)模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)
研究生英语学位课统考（GET）模拟试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.B．Paragraph 2.C．Paragraph 3.D．Paragraph 4.正确答案：C解析：文章第三段最后两句都是在讲“the destruction done by oil companies”，故选C项。
TRANSLATIONSection A Put the following paragraph into Chinese.61．The main impression growing out of twelve years on the faculty of a medical school is that the No. 1 health problem in the U.S. today, even more than AIDS or cancer, is that Americans don’t know how to distinguish between health and illness. We fear the worst, expect the worst, thus invite the worst and the result is that we are becoming a nation of weaklings and hypochondriacs, a self-medicating society incapable of distinguishing between casual, everyday symptoms and those that require professional attention.正确答案：一所医学院的工作人员历时十二年形成了这样的大致印象：如今美国的头号健康问题是美国人分不清健康与疾病。
这种症状比艾滋病或癌症更为严重。
我们担心会染上重病，设想自己得了重病，因此就真的染上了重病。
2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题
2022年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语模拟试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B], [C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently.The court cannot_1_its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law_2_justices behave like politicians.Yet,in several instances,justices acted in ways that_3_the court's reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia，for example，appeared at political events.That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court's decisions will be_4_as impartial judgments.Part of the problem is that the justices are not_5_by an ethics code.At the very least，the court should make itself_6_to the code of conduct that_7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases_8_the question of whether there is still a_9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law_10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions_11_they would be free to_12_those in power and have no need to_13_political support.Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely_14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_like liberty and property.When the court deals with social policy decisions,the law it_16_ is inescapably political—which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily_17_as unjust.The justices must_18_doubts about the court's legitimacy by making themselves_19_to the code of conduct.That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and，_20_，convincing as law.1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize2.[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone7.[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]leads[D]applies8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict10.[A]by[B]as[C]through[D]towards11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conventions16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable20.[A]by all means[B]at all costs[C]in a word[D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1In the2006film version of The Devil Wears Prada,Miranda Priestly,played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn’t affect her,Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant’s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to department stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Eliazabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of “fast fashion”.In the last decade or so,advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara,H&M,and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely.Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory,more frequent release,and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable—meant to last only a wash or two,although they don’t advertise that—and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks.By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices,Cline argues,these brands have hijacked fashion cycles,shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.The victims of this revolution,of course,are not limited todesigners.For H&M to offer a $5.95knit miniskirt in all its2,300-plus stores around the world,it must rely on low-wage overseas labor,order in volumes that strain natural resources,and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.Overdressed is the fashion world’s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael Pollan’s The Omnivore’s Dilemma.“Mass-produced clothing,like fast food,fills a hunger and need,yet is non-durable and wasteful,”Cline argues.Americans,she finds,buy roughly20billion garments a year—about64items per person—and no matter how much they give away,this excess leads to waste.Towards the end of Overdressed,Cline introduced her ideal,a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont,who since2008has made all of her own clothes—and beautifully.But as Cline is the first to note,it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft;her example can’t be knocked off.Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment—including H&M,with its green Conscious Collection line—Cline believes lasting change can only be effected by the customer.She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability,be it in food or in energy.Vanity is a constant;people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can’t afford not to.21.Priestly criticizes her assistant for her[A]lack of imagination.[B]poor bargaining skill.[C]obsession with high fashion.[D]insensitivity to fashion.22.According to Cline,mass-market labels urge consumers to[A]combat unnecessary waste.[B]shop for their garments more frequently.[C]resist the influence of advertisements.[D]shut out the feverish fashion world.23.The word“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.24.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Vanity has more often been found in idealists.[B]The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.[C]Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.[D]People are more interested in unaffordable garments.25.What is the subject of the text?[A]Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.[B]Challenge to a high-fashion myth.[C]Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.[D]Exposure of a mass-market secret.Text2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession---with the possible exception of journalism.But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most law graduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legal education.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree at one of200law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with$100,000of debt on top ofundergraduate w-school debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensible ideas have been around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business.Except in the District of Columbia,non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australia and Britain,have started liberalizing their legal professions.America should follow.26.A lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’and clients’strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered“restrictive”partly because it[A]bans outsiders’involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text,the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,”wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist,“That is,to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.”But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies---at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than$15billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First,consumers may take CSR spending as a“signal”that a company’s products are of high quality.Second,customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third,through a more diffuse“halo effect,”whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers ca n be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecuti ons under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do no t consume a company’s products as part of their investigations,they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that,among prosecuted firms,those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence,rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies That contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all,the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits,they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern,such as child labour,or increasing corporate giving by about20%results in fines that generally are40%lower than the typical punishmentfor bribing foreign officials”,says one researcher.Researcher admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect,rather than the other possible benefits,when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law,evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty.[B]skepticism.[C]approval.[D]tolerance.32.According to Paragraph2,CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices.[B]protecting it from being defamed.[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products.33.The expression“more lenient”(Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34.When prosecutors evaluate a case,a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35.Which of the following is true of CSR,according to the last paragraph?[A]The necessary amount of companies’spending on it is unknown.[B]Companies’financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[C]Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.Text4In a rare unanimous ruling,the U.S.Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor,Robert McDonnell.But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct,which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr.McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his“official acts,”or the former governor’s decisions on“specific”and “unsettled”issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials,unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials,is not corruption,the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is“distasteful”and “nasty.”But under anti-bribery laws,proof must be made of concrete benefits,such as approval of a contract or regulation.Simply arranging a meeting,making a phone call,or hosting an event is not an“official act.”The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery.“The basic compact underlying representative government,”wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court,“assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.”But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives,not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government.Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift.This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency,such as records of official meetings,rules on lobbying,and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption.But it is not always corruption.Rather officials must avoid double standards,or different types of access for average people and the wealthy.If connections can be bought,a basic premise of democratic society–thatall are equal in treatment by government－is undermined.Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The underlined sentence(Para.1)most probably shows that the court[A]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[B]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37.According to Paragraph4,an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]concrete returns for gift-givers.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]leaking secrets intentionally.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court’s ruling is on the assumption that public officials are[A]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[C]guarantee fair play in official access.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order.For questions41-45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes.Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)[A]In December of1869,Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building.The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments.To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected,and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of1871.[B]Completed in1875,the State Department’s south wing was the first to be occupied,withits elegant four-story library(completed in1876),Diplomatic Reception Room,and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood,Oriental rugs,and stenciled wall patterns.The Navy Department moved into the east wing in1879,where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.[C]The State,War,and Navy Building,as it was originally known,housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation’s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power.The building has housed some of the nation’s most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.[D]Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB’s granite walls.Theodore and Franklin D.Roosevelt,William Howard Taft,Dwight D.Eisenhower,Lyndon B.Johnson,Gerald Ford,and George H.W.Bush all had offices in this building before becoming President.It has housed16Secretaries of the Navy,21Secretaries of War,and24Secretaries of State.Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.[E]The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB)commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States.Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury,Alfred B.Mullett,it was built from1871to1888to house the growing staffs of the State,War,and Navy Departments,and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.[F]Construction took17years as the building slowly rose wing by wing.When the EEOB was finished,it was the largest office building in Washington,with nearly2miles of black and white tiled corridors.Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster;the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety.Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.[G]The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid.The first executive offices were constructed between1799and1820.A series of fires(including those set by the British in1814)and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building.In1866,the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41.C42.43.F44.45. Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals,and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end,that I realised just how bad much of the medicalliterature frequently was.I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper:the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were1.17times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia.(46)There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which,when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press,generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published?A recent paper,titled“The Natural Selection of Bad Science”,published on the Royal Society’s open science website,attempts to answer this intriguing and important question.It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science,but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it.What is important is not truth,but publication,which has become almost an end in itself.There has been a kind of inflationary process at work:(47)nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10years ago.Never mind the quality,then,count the number.(48)Attempts have been made to curb this tendency,for example,by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers.This is the famed citation index,that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature,the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account.(49)This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications,or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours.Boiling down an individual's output to simple metrics,such as number of publications or journal impacts,entails considerable savings in time,energy and ambiguity.Unfortunately,the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great.(50)If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible.We must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university.Write them an email in the name of the Students’Union to1)extend your welcome and2)provide some suggestions for their campus life here.You should write about100words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address(10points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of160-200words based on the following drawing.In your essay,you should1)describe the drawing briefly2)explain its intended meaning,and3)give your commentsYou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.（20points）。
申硕英语模拟试题
申硕英语模拟试题英语硕士研究生招生考试，是考察学生英语水平以及综合运用能力的重要评价标准。
为了帮助考生更好地应对考试，以下是一份申硕英语模拟试题，供考生练习参考。
Part I: Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions below.In recent years, the popularity of online shopping has been increasing rapidly. People can make purchases with a few clicks of the mouse without leaving their homes. This convenience has revolutionized the way people shop, but it has also raised concerns about security and privacy.1. What has been increasing rapidly in recent years?A. The popularity of online shopping.B. The number of physical stores.C. The cost of products.D. The amount of time people spend shopping.2. How has online shopping revolutionized the way people shop?A. It has made shopping more time-consuming.B. It has made shopping more expensive.C. It has made shopping more convenient.D. It has made shopping more complicated.3. What concerns have been raised about online shopping?A. Security and privacy.B. Product prices.C. Shipping times.D. Customer service.Part II: Vocabulary and Grammar (词汇与语法)Directions: Choose the best word or phrase to complete each sentence.4. I'm sorry, but I'm not _______ with the new policy.A. familiarB. familiarizeC. familiarityD. familiarized5. She _______ an award for her outstanding performance in the competition.A. rewardedB. awardedC. rewardingD. awarding6. _______ the weather is good, we will go for a picnic this weekend.A. IfB. UnlessC. AlthoughD. BecausePart III: Writing (写作)Directions: Write an essay on the following topic in about 250 words.Topic: The advantages and disadvantages of studying abroad.参考答案：1. A2. C3. A4. A5. B6. AEssay:Studying abroad can be a life-changing experience that offers many advantages. One of the main benefits is the opportunity to immerse oneself in a new culture and language, which can broaden one's perspectives and enhance cross-cultural understanding. Additionally, studying abroad canprovide access to top-quality education and research resources that may not be available in one's home country.However, there are also challenges that come with studying abroad. These include homesickness, cultural shock, and the need to adapt to a new environment. Language barriers can also be a significant obstacle for international students.In conclusion, studying abroad has both advantages and disadvantages. It is important for prospective students to carefully consider these factors before making a decision to study in a foreign country. Ultimately, the experience of studying abroad can be highly rewarding and valuable in terms of personal growth and academic development.。
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硕士研究生英语学位课统考模拟试卷Part One: Vocabulary （10 points）1. The major portion of writer John White's work was in social criticism.A. goalB. subjectC. partD. publication2. By 1817 the United States Congress had done away with all internal taxes and was relying on tariffs on imported goods to provide sufficient revenue to run the government .A. eliminatedB. allocatedC. increasedD. decreased3. Eric Smith was one of the first artists to paint landscapes in Australia.A. lawnsB. barnsC. sceneriesD. vegetation4. In 1795 John Jay resigned his position as the first chief justice of the United States and became a state governor.A. advertisedB. gearedC. forsookD. rearranged5.They never altered or revised what they wrote because that would have interfered with the purity of their creation.A. fragilityB. integrityC. dignityD. simplicity6. Such essentially different stimuli as cold, drugs, and grief can provoke identical chemical reactions in the body.A. illnessB. gladC. sorrowD. disgust7. Over the years, countless storytellers have been narrating tales that entertain their listeners as well as teach them a lesson.A. educatedB. innumerableC. uncalculatingD. competitive8. All living things have certain attributes that are passed on from one generation to the next.A. antibodyB. viruses C; traits D. flaws9. The main feature of the telegraph were developed by two inventors, but it was Samuel Morse who successfully synthesized their ideas.A. financedB. publicizedC. integratedD. conformed10. The architect Susan Irons believed that a building should be designed to fit its function and its location.A. enhanceB. decorateC. alternate withD. conform to11. Now that you've read that sentence, reread the one that ______.A. proceedsB. advancesC. marchesD. precedes12. You should dry-clean curtains if possible, as they are less likely to.______.A. diminishB. decreaseC. reduceD. shrink13. For the most part rocks are not built up by deposition but broken down by ____A. erosionB. evaporationC. evolutionD. explosion14. ______ person favours thorough and complete reforms in social and political systems.A. A radicalB. An advancedC. A fundamentalD. An exotic15. Einstein was a man of uncommonly ______ intelligence.A. abnormalB. ambientC. ambitiousD. acute16. We watched the mists______ from the valley.A. climbingB. elapsingC. crawlingD. ascending17. They rented the old house on the ______ that the landlord would paint it.A. assumptionB. impressionC. successionD. suggestion18. Many men lost their jobs during the business _____.A. depositionB. depressionC. breakdownD. disturbance19. The______ of military secrets cannot always be prevented.A. drainageB. extractionC. revengeD. leakage20. Mining industries in this country have excellent ______.A. prospectsB. parametersC. peculiaritiesD. ProfilesPart II: Cloze （10 points ）Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.American cities are 21 other cities around the world. In every country , cities reflect the 22 of the culture . Cities contain the very 23 aspect of a society: opportunities for education, employment, and entertainment. They also 24 the very worst parts of a society: violent crime, racial conflict, and poverty. American cities are changing, just 25 American society.After World War II , the population of 26 large American cities decreased;27 the population in many Sun Belt cities increased . Los Angeles, the and Houston are cities 28 population increased. These population shifts to and from the city reflect the changing values of American society. During this time, in the 29 1940s and early 1950s, city residents became wealthier, more prosperous. They had more children. They needed more 30 . They moved out their apartments in the city to buy their own homes. They bought houses in the 31 , areas near a city where people live. These are areas without many offices or factories. During the 1950s the American "dream" was to have a house on the outskirts.Now things are changing. The children of the people who 32 the cities in the 1950s are now adults. They, 33 their parents, want to live in the cities. 34 continue to move to cities in the Sun Belt. Cities are 35 and the population is increasing in 36 states as Texas, Florida, and California. Others are moving to more 37 cities of the Northeast and Midwest, such as Boston, Baltimore and Chicago. Many young professionals, doctors, lawyers, and executives are moving back into the city. They prefer the city 38 the suburbs because their jobs are there; they are afraid of the fuel shortage ; or they just 39 theexcitement and opportunities which the city offers. A new class is moving into the cities-a wealthier, 40 mobile class.21. A. different from B similar to C. better than D. worse than22. A. values B. worth C. importance D. expenses23. A. well B. good C. better D. best24. A. maintain B. obtain C. contain D. sustain25. A. likely B. as C. while D. when26. A. all B. most C. few D.much27. A. but B. and C. however D. although28. A]its [B] which [C] where [D] that29. [A] late [B] later [C] lately [D] latter30. [A] space [B] spots [C] time [D] food31. [A] outskirts [B] downtown [C] districts [D] suburbs32. [A] departed [B] left [C] reached [D] entered33. [A] likely [B] like [C] dislike [D] unlike34. [A] Some [B] All [C] Several [D] Lots of35. [A] stretching [B] widening [C] expanding [D] prolonging36. [A] such [B] these [C] those [D] many37. [A] organized [B] famous [C] official [D] established38. [A] than [B] better than[C] rather than[D] to39. [A] win [B] enjoy [C] earn [D] acquire40. [A] very [B] and [C] more [D] orPart Three: Reading Comprehension （30 points ）Passage 1Information is the primary commodity in more and more industries today. By 2005, 83% of American management personnel will be knowledge workers. Europe and Japan are not far behind.By 2005, half of all knowledge workers (22% of the labor force) will choose "flextime, flexplace" arrangements, which allow them to work at home, communicating with the office via computer networks.In the United States, the so-called "digital divice" seems to be disappearing. In early 2000, a poll found, that, where half of white households owned computers, so did fully 43% of African-American households, and their numbers were growing rapidly. Hispanic households continued to lag behind, but their rate of computer ownership was expanding as well.Company-owned and industry-wide television networks are bringing programming to thousands of locations. Business TV is becoming big business.Computer competence will approach 100% in US urban areas by the year 2005, with Europe and Japan not far behi nd. 80 % of US homes will have computers in 2005, compared with roughly 50% now.In the United States, 5 of the 10 fastest-growing careers between now and 2005 will be computer related. Demand for programmers and systems analysts will grow by 70%. The same trend is accelerating in Europe, Japan, and India.By 2005, nearly all college texts and many high school and junior high books will be tied to Internet sites that provide source material, study exercises, and relevant news articles to aid in learning. Others will come with CD-ROMs that offer similar resources.Internet links will provide access to the card catalogues of all the major libraries in the world by 2005. It will be possible to call up on a PC screen millions of volumes from distant libraries. Web sites enhance books by providing pictures, sound, film clips, and flexible indexing and search utilities.Implications: Anyone with access to the Internet will be able to achieve the education needed to build a productive life in an increasi ngly high-tech world. Computer learning may even reduce the growing American prison population.Knowledge workers are generally better paid than less-skilled workers. Their wealth is raising overall prosperity. Even entry-level workers and those in formerly unskilled positions requirea growing level of education. For a good career in almost any filed, computer competence is a must. This is one major trend raising the level of education required for a productive role in today's work force. For many workers, the opportunity for training is becoming one of the most desirable benefits any job can offer.41. Information technology is expected to have impact on all the following EXCEPT___D__.A. American management personnelB. European management personnelC. American people' s choice of careerD. traditional practice at work42. "Digital divice" in the 4th paragraph refers to __B___.A. the gap in terms of computer ownershipB. the tendency of computer ownershipC. the dividing line based on digitsD. the ethnic distinction among American household43. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage? BA. By 2005 all college and school study materials will turn electronic.B. By 2005 printed college and school study materials will be supplemented with electronic material.C. By 2005 some college and school study materials will be accompanied by CD-ROMs.D. By 2005 Internet links make worldwide library search a possibility.44. Which of the following areas is NOT discussed in the passage? CA. Future careers.B. Nature of future work.C. Ethnic differences.D. Schools and libraries.45. At the end of the passage, the author seems to emphasize ___C__ in an increasingly high-tech world,A. the variety of educationB. the content of educationC. the need for educationD. the function of educationPassage 2Choosing a travel companion is at least as uncertain as choosing marriage partner. The chances of success are perhaps even less. The initial stages of both journeys are filled with enthusiasms, indulgences, and a fairly consistent closing of the eyes to that which may later become, if not unacceptable, at the very least unpalatable.No law of casualty exists to insist that in choosing a travel companion you will lose a friend. But it's not unlikely. The odds depend on the length and the rigorousness of the trip. Some friendships have strength that will withstand even travel; others, based on happenstance, are by nature short-lived and travel merely hastens their dissolution.Perhaps I should make it clear that in discussing this matter of travel companions I am confining myself to Platonic friendships. Intimate friends may well be the best companions of all, but entirely different rules of travel prevail. Compromises and concessions, demands and entreaties to and from such companions clearly stem from a recognized emotional base that colors every issue. I'll confine myself, then, to companions, male and female, who are sharing a trip solely for company.Why bother at all with a travel companion? Why not travel alone, in single blessedness, unencumbered and swiftly pursuing one's goal? Some of the answers are obvious: a congenial fellow traveler eases the stress and tensions, adds to the delights and rewards and pays half the bills. If the threat of loneliness is frightening, even a grumpy companion will foretell that, and quite often bring you to the point where you devoutly wish you were alone.Finding that suitable companion is something of an art and something of a gamble. But the choice should be determined by one cardinal rule: both travelers should be going on the trip with the same idea in mind. They should hold in common a theory of travel.46. According to the author, compared with choosing a marriage partner, choosing a travel companion is _D____.A) just as difficult as it B) is possibly easier than itC) is perhaps less certain than it D) is perhaps less uncertain than it47. Travel will give us a chance to __B___.A) become strong and vigorous B) testify our friendshipC) see who is our enemy D) lose a friend48. The travel companion the author refers to is ___D__.A) anybody you meet B) a spirtual friendC) an intimate friend D) anybody who shares a trip simply for partnership49 . The author thinks that ___C__.A) unlike intimate friends, travel companion needn't make many compromises and concessionsB) travel companions will add to the delights and pays half the billsC) it is possible to foretell whether two people will get along on the tripD) the advantages of choosing a travel companion are at least as great as those of traveling alone50. We can infer from the passage that __C___.A) a friend in need is a friend indeedB) opposite types of people attract each otherC) like-minded people should make good travel companionsD) even intimate friends have argumentsPassage 3Spelunking has been called "mountain climbing upside down in the dark. " However, this description isnot entirely accurate. The mountain climber knows where he is going. He climbs a mountain because it is there. A spelunker, on the other hand, doesn't know what is there. All he sees when he enters a wild cave is a hole in the surface of the earth - a very dark hole. Once he gets inside he may find it runs only a few hundred feet or, like one cave in Switzerland, more than 35 miles. He may find big hall, subway like tunnels, rivers or strange and beautiful limestone formations.Some spelunkers have become famous, or their discoveries. Several years ago Norbert Castreet, a Frenchman, was exploring a cave that had a rapidly flowing underground river. He followed the river until it went under a cave wall and disappeared. Wearing a bathing suit and a rubber cap, he dived into the river. He surfaced on the other side of the cave wall and found in a huge hall untouched and undisturbed for tens of thousands of years.My wife and I became spelunkers almost by accident. We were driving down the Pan-American Highway to Mexico City when I noticed several black openings up in the mountains near the road. I stopped and asked what they were, and learned that they were a network of large caves. Following a guide, we were climbing slowly up the mountain. When we reached the top, a large opening appeared under an overhanging cliff. Inside was a smaller hole covered by a wooden door. Taking a gasoline lamp in one hand, the guide opened the door. We followed him down the smooth cement steps. Stra nge shapes moved on the walls as his lamp swung back and forth at each step.This was a limestone cave, formed hundreds of thousands of years ago by the slow dripping of water through the cracks of the rock. The guide pointed out formations that looked like horses, tigers, hands and plants.When we left the cave about an hour later, we saw a sign mentioning the National Speleological Society. Our interest awakened, we noted the address and wrote for further information, the reply informed that there were " Grottoes" local chapters of the society, all over the United States. We joined one that was near our home. Soon we were making out first trip through a wild, unmapped cave. That was 12 years ago. Since then I have explored caves in Europe, Central and South America, and all over the United States.51. According to the passage, the difference between spelunking and mountain climbing lies in the fact that ___A__.A) people do not know where to go in the former case and where to go in the latter caseB) people go downward in the former case and go upward in the latter caseC) it is more dangerous to do spelunking than mountain climbingD) spelunking is more exciting than mountain climbing52. Which of the following statements is true? CA) Norbert Castreet was famous for its discoveries of new caves.B) The cave Norbert Castreet explored is famous for its underwater river.C) Norbert Castreet discovered a very old huge hall that was situated on the other side of the wall of the cave.D) The old hall Norbert Castreet discovered has been used as a hidden place of some pirates.53. The author and his wife __D___.A) had planned carefully before they started their first spelunkingB) were convinced by their friends that spelunking was a good sportC) spent more time looking for a suitable cave to start their first explorationD) explored their first cave rather unexpectedly54. The author and his wife explored their first cave __A___.A) for several hours B) independentlyC) just for a short time D) with a guide and a guard55. How did the author and his wife join the society of spelunking? BA) Recommended by their friends. B) Intrigued by an advertisement.C) Encouraged by an article in the newspaper.D) Attracted by a local chapter of the society.Passage 4Women's minds work differently from men's. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes - the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunk line of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibres than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is "What?", and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for wordhandling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isn't all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at "language subjects" and boys better at maths and physics.If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunk line, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shan't know for a while, partly because we don't know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subjects and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.56; Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B. Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C. Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D. The structural differences in the brain between the sexes has long been known.57. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by _____ factors.A. biologicalB. psychologicalC. physicalD. social58. "These differences" in paragraph 5 refer to those in _____.A. skills of men and womenB. school subjectsC. the brain structure of men and womenD. activities carried out by the brain59. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on _____.A. the brain structure as a wholeB. the functioning of part of the brainC. the distinction between the sexesD. the effects of the corpus callosum60. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B. To explain the link between sex and brain structure.C. To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D. To suggest new areas in brain research.Passage 5Few issues are as clear as the one that drew a quarter-million Americans to the Lincoln Memorial 30 years ago this August 28. "America has given the Negro people a bad check", the nation was told. It has promised quality but delivered second-class citizenship because of race. Few orators could define the justice as eloquently as Martin Luther King Jr. , whose words on that sweltering day re-main etched in the public consciousness:" I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. "The march on Washington had been the dream of a black labor leader, A. Philip Randolph, who was a potent figure in the civil-rights movement. But it was King who emerged as the symbol of the black people's struggle. His "I have a dream" speech struck such an emotional chord that recordings of it were made, sold, bootlegged and resold within weeks of its delivery. The magic of the moment was that it gave white American a new prospective on black American and pushed civil rights forward on the nation's agenda.When the march was planned by a coalition of civil rights, union and church leaders, nothing quite like it had ever been seen. Tens of thousands of blacks streamed into the nation's capital by car, bus, train and foot, an invading army of the disfranchised singing freedom songs and demanding rights. By their very members, they forced the world's greatest democracy to face an embarrassing question: How could America continue on a course that denied so many the simple amenities of a water fountain or a lunch counter? Or the most essential element of democracy-the vote?Three decades later, we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray. The gap persists between the quality of black life and white. The urban underclass has grown more entrenched. Bias remains. And the nation is jarred from time to time bysensational cases stemming from racial hate. But the clarity of the 1963 issue is gone: No longer do governors stand in schoolhouse doors. Nor do signs bar blacks from restaurants or theaters. It is illegal to deny African-Americans the vote. There are 7 500 black elected officials, including 338 mayors and 40 members of Congress, plus a large black middle class. And we are past the point when white American must look to one eloquent leader to answer the question: "What does the Negro want?"The change is reflected in the variety of causes on the wish list of this year's anniversary march on Washington. Health care reform. Job training. Religious freedom for American Indians. Statehood for the District of Columbia. Head Start for young people. Security for the disabled. And an end to racism. The compelling issue of 1963-discrimination-today is more a matter of dark hearts than evil laws. And the legislative agenda of modern-day marchers is American, not black.61. According to the passage, the recordings of King's speech became a best-seller largely because ____.A] the march was a dream of the black people in USB) it presented a new way of looking at Afro-AmericansC) tens of thousands of people listened to the speechD) the speech was basically dressed to the black people62. From the passage we learn that the original march on Washington____.A) highlighted the hypocrisy of America's democratic systemB) was made up of one particular segment of black societyC) reflected previous demonstrations D) was also attended by white people63. "Three decades later, we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray. " The underlined part means thatA) the questions now concern American Indians B) racial hate in the US is diminishingC) the future is promising for the issue of human rightsD) the clarity between the black and white is gone64. It is implied at the end of the passage that ____.A) color discrimination is no longer a problemB) existing laws against racial discrimination need amendingC) present-day causes of protest are more diversified than beforeD) all black Americans have become better offPart Four: TranslationSection A (10 points)Direction: Read the following passage carefully. Then translate it into Chinese.Write your translatin on the ANSWER SHEET.The idea that government should regulate intellectual property through copyrights and patents is relatively recent in human history, and the precisedetails of what intellectual property is protected for how long vary across nations and occasionally change. There are two standard sociological justifications for patents or copyrights: they reward creators for their labor,and they encourage greater creativity. Both of these are empirical claims that can be tested scientifically and could be false in some realms. Consider music. Star performers existed before the 20th century, such as Franz List and Niccolo Paganini, but mass media produced a celbrity system promoting a few stars whose music was not necessarily the best or most diverse.Section B (10 points)Direction: Read the following sentences carefully. Then translate them into Chinese.Write your translatins on the ANSWER SHEET.1.作为成名的代价，明星们尤其容易受到批评的攻击，因为人们总是对他们期望更高。