国际音标(IPA)&KK音标对照表详细版
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IPA &KK 对照表
IPA:国际音标48 个元音:20个,辅音:28个
区别:1书写形式的不同.如:i: (IPA)------i (K.K.) 等.2.发音的个别不同.美式中加入卷舌音,而英式中没有卷舌音.如ə:(IPA)------ɝ(K.K.)3.此表中在最末加上了几
发音口形发此音的字母或字母组合及例举单词
IPA新旧KK
备注:轻松音简写“轻”,紧张音简写“紧”。舌抵下齿简写“↘”抵上齿“↗”。舌后缩简写“←”。发音口形主要是讲解KK音标。*.双元音(KK中称双母音)发音时要做到非常连贯。
i: i 紧,长衣,↘,面带微笑e, ee, ea, ie,ei, ey, eo,
me, he, see, bee , sea, piece, field, receive, receipt, key,
people 前元音
І/ i i 轻,短I,↘,唇微张开i, y, e,ee,
sit, big, six, happy, city, decide, committee
u: u 紧,长乌,←,圆唇外突oo, o, oe, ou, u, ue, ui, ew
cool, food, spoon, do, who, shoe, true, fruit, juice, chew,
brew, 后元音
ʊ/ u υ轻,短ʊ,←,稍圆且松o, u,oo, ou,
wolf, woman , put, sugar, look, good, could,
ɔ: ɔ紧,长喔,←,唇小圆突
a, au, ou, aw,
Water, call, author, ought, bought, law, saw ɔr 短喔的儿化音,←
our, or, ore,oor, oar
four, lord, more, store, door, board
ɒ /ɔɔ/ɑ轻,短喔,←,唇小圆突o, a, ou, ow, au
hot, wash, want, cough, knowledge, because
З:/ə: ɝ重读“儿”音,一开始就卷舌ir, ur, ear, or, er
bird, turn, learn, work,teacher
中元音
əɚ轻读卷舌音,前舌由平向卷
er, or, ar, ure,
pleasure, teacher, actor, dollar
ə轻读或弱读,“饿”音
u, iou, o, a, I
album 'ælbəm, ago, delicious dɪˈlɪʃəs, today, direct
ɑ:ɑrɑ的二声的儿话音ar, ear,
heart, farm, car
后元音
备
注类
型
r r 舌尖上卷,唇突,声带振动r, rr, wr,
right, red, carry, wrong 四指卷舌音(摩擦音)元音后读儿
ʧʧ双唇微张突出舌抵上龈且吐气无声ch,t tch, ti,
church, nature, match, catch, question,
气通舌尖齿龈音(破擦音)
ʤʤ同上,但声带必须震动ge, dge, d, j, g,
age, vegetable, judge, education, join, joy, biology,
tr tr 唇收圆前突,舌尖抵上龈赌气,使
气从间出无声
tr, tree,country
dr dr 同上,但声带振动dr,
dress, dry, hundred
ts ts 舌尖抵上龈赌气,使气从间出
ts,boots, nuts dz dz 同上,但声带必须震动ds, woods,
m m 元音前发“门儿”m man, name (nm组合出现时,n不发音)
双唇闭嘴音(鼻音)元音后发“嗯”,鼻音口紧闭
n n 元音前发“n了”n, kn,nn
nice, knife, nine,runner 舌尖齿龈开口鼻音(鼻音)元音后发“嗯”,鼻音口半开n,gn can sign(n和m同时出现n不发音)
ŋŋ唇张开,舌抵下齿龈,舌后部抵软腭,
鼻音,声带振动
-ng, n sing, English(ng发|ŋg |)
舌后软鄂撒娇鼻音(鼻音)
ℓ
ℓ元音前发“了”l,light, lose (l在alk,alm,alf,ould中不发音)舌尖齿龈清晰旁流音(舌边音)ł元音前发“儿”l, fall, call 舌尖齿龈含糊旁流音(舌边音)
w w 唇缩小前突舌后起,嘴向两边滑开,
声带振动
w, wh wet, window, when, what (w和r组合出现在词
首时,w不发音)圆唇突出短我音(半元音)
j j 做呈微笑状,舌尖抵下齿,舌面贴上
腭,声带振动
y, I, u, ew, ui, ue
year, yell,onion, use, refuse, few, suit, pursuit, due, cue, 双唇扁平短爷音(半元音)